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Seminar onSeminar on

Wireless Energy Wireless Energy TransmissionTransmission

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HISTORY HISTORY

1825-William Sturgeon invented 1825-William Sturgeon invented electromagnet.electromagnet.

1831-Michael Faraday gave principle of 1831-Michael Faraday gave principle of electromagnetic induction.electromagnetic induction.

FIRST demonstration of W.E.T by Nikola FIRST demonstration of W.E.T by Nikola Tesla.Tesla.

1864-James Clerk Maxwell modeled 1864-James Clerk Maxwell modeled mathematical behavior of electromagnetic mathematical behavior of electromagnetic radiation. radiation.

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Continued……Continued……

1888-Heinrich Hertz showed wireless 1888-Heinrich Hertz showed wireless transmission via radio waves.transmission via radio waves.

Marconi worked with modified form Marconi worked with modified form of the Hertz –wave transmitter.of the Hertz –wave transmitter.

2000-Inductive Power Transfer at the 2000-Inductive Power Transfer at the University of Auckland.University of Auckland.

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WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFERWIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER

Also called Tesla Effect.Also called Tesla Effect. Process where electrical energy Process where electrical energy

transmitted without wires.transmitted without wires. Efficiency one of the most critical Efficiency one of the most critical

parameter.parameter. Can be used for charging the laptops ,cell Can be used for charging the laptops ,cell

phones etc. without wiresphones etc. without wires

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PARAMETERSPARAMETERS

1. Size is dictated by:1. Size is dictated by: DistanceDistance WavelengthWavelength Rayleigh Criterion & Diffraction LimitRayleigh Criterion & Diffraction Limit

2. Power Levels are calculated by the LINK 2. Power Levels are calculated by the LINK BUDGETBUDGET

3. Efficiency 3. Efficiency

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CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION

WIRELESS ENERGYTRANSFER

SHORT DISTANCEMODERATEDISTANCE

LONG DISTANCE

RADIO &MICROWAVE LIGHT

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION

INDUCTIONRESONANT INDUCTION

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SHORT DISTANCE INDUCTIONSHORT DISTANCE INDUCTION

Mutual Induction-transformerMutual Induction-transformer Inductive Coupling-electric tooth brushInductive Coupling-electric tooth brush

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Splashpower Recharging MatSplashpower Recharging Mat

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RESONANT INDUCTIONRESONANT INDUCTION

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MODERATE DISTANCEMODERATE DISTANCE

Developed in 2006 at MIT by Marin Developed in 2006 at MIT by Marin Soljacic.Soljacic.

Evanescent waves produced for Evanescent waves produced for tunneling energy.tunneling energy.

Range upto 5 meters.Range upto 5 meters. Powered 60 watt bulb with 40% Powered 60 watt bulb with 40%

efficiency.efficiency. Solves the problems of induction i.e. Solves the problems of induction i.e.

distance .distance .

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Power transmission Power transmission via radio wavesvia radio waves

Shorter WavelengthsShorter Wavelengths

More Directional BeamMore Directional Beam

Longer Distance Power BeamingLonger Distance Power Beaming

Highest EfficiencyHighest Efficiency

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Rectenna - Converts microwave energy into Rectenna - Converts microwave energy into electricity (efficiencies exceeding 95%) electricity (efficiencies exceeding 95%)

5,000 MW Receiving Station (Rectenna), Snohomish, Washington. This station is about a mile and a half long.

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Power transmitted by converting Power transmitted by converting

electricity into a Laser Beamelectricity into a Laser Beam Laser Beam directed at Solar CellLaser Beam directed at Solar Cell

With a laser beam centered on its panel of photovoltaic cells, a lightweight model plane makes the first flight powered by a laser beam inside a building at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.

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Disadvantages of transmitting power Disadvantages of transmitting power via LASERvia LASER

1.1. Conversion to light (Laser) - Inefficient Conversion to light (Laser) - Inefficient

2.2. Conversion back into electricity - Inefficient Conversion back into electricity - Inefficient (40%-50% efficiency)(40%-50% efficiency)

3.3. Atmospheric absorption cause lossesAtmospheric absorption cause losses

4.4. Laser Beaming - Requires a direct line Laser Beaming - Requires a direct line of sight of sight

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Electrical energy transmitted by means Electrical energy transmitted by means of naturally existing conductorsof naturally existing conductors

Through atmosphere — A natural medium like air Through atmosphere — A natural medium like air can be made conducting can be made conducting

if if the voltage is exceeded the voltage is exceeded above its breakdown above its breakdown voltagevoltage

Breakdown of air in a glass tube by Breakdown of air in a glass tube by applying high voltage between electrodesapplying high voltage between electrodes

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Electric Discharge in Neon TubeElectric Discharge in Neon Tube

Same concept can be used to transfer Energy by Same concept can be used to transfer Energy by forming a vertical ionized channel in air using forming a vertical ionized channel in air using high power ultra violet beamhigh power ultra violet beam

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Disadvantages of Transmitting Disadvantages of Transmitting Power WirelesslyPower Wirelessly

Not very efficient Not very efficient

Microwave - Require proportionately larger Microwave - Require proportionately larger transmitters and receivers transmitters and receivers

Laser - Does not work through cloudsLaser - Does not work through clouds

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Health HazardsHealth Hazards

Exposure is equal to the amount that Exposure is equal to the amount that people receive from cell phones and people receive from cell phones and microwavesmicrowaves

Powerful Laser beam is harmful to eyes Powerful Laser beam is harmful to eyes and skin.and skin.

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REFERENCESREFERENCES

en.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org www.howstuffworks.com www.wisegeek.com www.eurekalert.com www.mit.com www.creativehuman.comwww.creativehuman.com