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© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.1
Wireless Power Transferfor EV
2011 REGIONAL CONFERENCES
ANSYS Japan K.K.Takahiro Koga
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.2
Agenda
1. Electromagnetic tools for Wireless Power Transfer
2. Coupling Simulation:Electromagnetic ‐ Electrical Circuit
3. Application for Wireless Power Supply– Inductive type– Magnetic resonance type
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.3
Wireless Power Supply
• Method :– Electromagnetic Induction–Magnetic Resonance– Microwave
Ref.: Nikkei Electronics Mar. 2007EE Times Japan Oct. 2009, Nov. 2010
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.4
Method Map
Ref: EE Times Japan 2009.10
1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m
100%
50%
0%
Transfer Distance
Efficiency
Resonance type
Induction type(~15W) Induction type(~50kW)
Microwave type
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.5
Electromagnetic tools
Which is the optimal simulation tool ?
“Low Freq.” “High Freq.”
HFSSMaxwell
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.6
Differentiating Features
• Maxwell: Low Frequency Field Simulator– Separated Solver “Magnetic” and “Electric”– Time Transient and Lumped Circuit: L,R,C – Linear and Nonlinear Material– Application: Motor, Transformer/Inductor for power machine,
Inductive noise
• HFSS: High Frequency Structure Simulator– Electromagnetic Full Wave Solver– Distributed Circuit: S,Z,Y– Linear Material– Application: Antenna, Transformer/Inductor for signal, Radiation noise
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.7
Resonance Type Coupling
1. Self Capacitance
2. External Capacitance
Reference: Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic ResonacesA.Kurs, A.Kralis, R.Moffatt,B.J.Jonnapoulos, P.Fisher, Vo;.317, pp.83‐86, July 2007
Use Maxwell parasitic extraction and couple with circuit simulator for resonance
Magnetic → R, L, M
Electrostatic → C
Maxwell
C
R
C C
R
LLM
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.8
Inductive Type Coupling
Principle physics is magnetic coupling
Magnetic → R, L, M
The resonant circuit is full realized via a lumped capacitance solved using circuit simulator
Maxwell
R
C C
R
LLM
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.9
Resonance Type Coupling
1. Self Capacitance
2. External Capacitance
Reference:Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic ResonacesA.Kurs, A.Kralis, R.Moffatt,B.J.Jonnapoulos, P.Fisher, Vo;.317, pp.83‐86, July 2007
Use HFSS’ full wave capability when the resonance occurs by self capacitance
HFSS
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.10
0 0
R1
(1/87) ohm
R2
(1/348) ohm
L1
0.19267mH
L2
0.048166mH
M1
0.5668
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
E1AMPL=200VFREQ=10kHz
Coupling Simulation Electromagnetic and Circuit
0 0
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.87uF
Cp
5.23uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
E1AMPL=200VFREQ=10kHz
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
=
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.11
Calculation of Coil Resistance
11.5mohm 2.87mohm
Primary Coil:R1 = (2*100*pi*1e‐3)/(5.8e7*(0.25/2)^2*pi*1e‐6)*(1/384)*20 = 11.5mohm
Secondary Coil:R2 = (2*100*pi*1e‐3)/(5.8e7*(0.25/2)^2*pi*1e‐6)*(1/384)*10/2 = 2.87mohm
SlR
Sl
100mm
Coil slot center
Coil• Litz:0.25φ × 384parallel• σ:5.8×107[S/m]• Primary:20 turns• Secondary:10 turns x 2parallel
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.12
Capacitance Calculation
Cp:1/((2*1e4*pi)^2*0.0048166) = 5.24e‐6 F = 5.24uF
Cs:1 /((2*1e4*pi)^2*(1‐0.5668^2)*0.0019267) = 1.93e‐6 F = 1.93uF
L1 = 0.19267mHL2 = 0.048166mHk = 0.5668
122
0
220
11
1
LkC
LC
s
p
Cs5.24uF
Cp1.93uF
L1 L2
k
f010kHz
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.13
System Simulation
0
0
0
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
TRANS2
DT1
TRANS1
SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
STATE_11_2
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
STATE_11_1
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k
DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 9.4139
WM2.ITR 10.5939
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-300.00
-100.00
100.00
300.00
Y1 [V
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 154.9045
WM2.VTR 120.2425
1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
-200.00
-100.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
Y2 [V
]
MX1: 1.9753MX2: 1.9783
-6.0797-1.2036-0.0090
131.1979
-0.51411.340627.9814
156.0455
0.0030
Curve Info Y Axis rmsWM1.I
TR Y1 9.3501
WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176
WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594
WM2.VTR Y2 119.4615
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
0
0
0
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
TRANS2
DT1
TRANS1
SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
STATE_11_2
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
STATE_11_1
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k
DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 9.4139
WM2.ITR 10.5939
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-300.00
-100.00
100.00
300.00
Y1 [V
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 154.9045
WM2.VTR 120.2425
1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
-200.00
-100.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
Y2 [V
]
MX1: 1.9753MX2: 1.9783
-6.0797-1.2036-0.0090
131.1979
-0.51411.340627.9814
156.0455
0.0030
Curve Info Y Axis rmsWM1.I
TR Y1 9.3501
WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176
WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594
WM2.VTR Y2 119.4615
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
0
Rload
10ohm
Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
AC200V Rectify InverterWireless Power Transformer Battery
Controller
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.14
Distinguishing Features for Coupled Simulation
• Integrated design environment– Easy and intuitive user interface
• Dynamically linked parameters between the Circuit and 3D FEA model – Geometry / Material / Gap etc…
Efficient workflow design enablesSimulation Driven Product DevelopmentTM
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.15
1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m
100%
50%
0%
Transfer Distance
Efficiency Resonance type
Inductive type(~15W) Inductive type(~50kW)
Microwave type
Application
• ANSYS Products for Wireless Power Supply
HFSSNEXXIM
MaxwellSimplorer
Ref: EE Times Japan 2009.10
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.16
Wireless Power Supply System for EV
• Inductive type
1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m
100%
50%
0%
Transfer Distance
Efficiency Resonance type
Inductive type(~15W) Inductive type(~50kW)
Ref: EE Times Japan 2009.10
ACPower
Inverter
Cable
Capacitor
Primary CoilPrimary Coil
Secondary CoilSecondary Coil
BatteryRectifier/Charger
MaxwellSimplorer
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.19
Materials
Secondary
Primary
500mm410mm
90mm
90mm330mm
400mm
Core• Material : FDK 6H40 (Bs=0.53T, μi=2400)
Coil• Litz wire : 0.25φ × 384 parallel turns• Conductivity : 5.8×107[S/m]• Primary : 10 turns• Secondary : 5 turns
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.20
Solution Flow Chart
• Maxwell + Simplorer
MaxwellMagnetostatic
MaxwellEddy Current Simplorer
AC / TRImpedance Model
Circuit / Drive / Controller designWaveform, Efficiency, Power factor, Response
MaxwellEddy Current
Field, Loss
Core, Winding
GapSliding
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.21
Maxwell / Magnetostatic
• L, M, k : – Self Inductance– Mutual Inductance– Coupling Coefficient
k=0.54
L1 MM L2
M
L1
L2
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.22
Maxwell / Magnetostatic
Inductance L, MCoupling factor kFieldCore saturation
Mag B
Coupling factor k – sliding gap
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00Sliding [mm]
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Mat
rix1.
Cpl
Coe
f(Cur
rent
_1,C
urre
nt_2
)
3D_Static_sliding_kCoupling - k ANSOFT
Curve InfoMatrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='50mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='100mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='150mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='200mm'
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00Sliding [mm]
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Mat
rix1.
Cpl
Coe
f(Cur
rent
_1,C
urre
nt_2
)
3D_Static_sliding_kCoupling - k ANSOFT
Curve InfoMatrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='50mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='100mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='150mm'
Matrix1.CplCoef(Current_1,Current_2)Setup1 : LastAdaptiveGap='200mm'
Core Shape/MaterialNumber of turnsCurrent Amp.Gap
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.23
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00Current [A]
0.00
0.01
0.10
1.00
Gap
[met
er]
2D_Static_BHMutual Inductance L12 ANSOFT
Matrix1.L(C [nH]
0.0000e+000
5.7000e+003
1.1400e+004
1.7100e+004
2.2800e+004
2.8500e+004
3.4200e+004
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00Current [A]
1
10
100
1000
Gap
[mm
]
2D_StaticMutual Inductance L12 ANSOFT
Matrix1.L(C [nH]
0.0000e+000
5.7000e+003
1.1400e+004
1.7100e+004
2.2800e+004
2.8500e+004
3.4200e+004
Maxwell / Magnetostatic
Verification for core saturation:
Linear Material(Initial permeability)
Nonlinear Material(BH curve)
Specification Area
Saturation
X: Gap [mm] / Y: Input Current [A] / Z: Mutual inductance [nH]
21LLkM
Specification Area
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.24
0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00H (A_per_meter)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
B (t
esla
)
Maxwell / Magnetostatic
• Verification for core saturation– Core’s BH curve, Mag_B field plot– No magnetic saturation
Nonlinear BH curve
~0.4T
Maximum point : 0.26T
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00Current [A]
0.00
0.01
0.10
1.00
Gap
[met
er]
2D_Static_BHMutual Inductance L12 ANSOFT
Matrix1.L(C [nH]
0.0000e+000
5.7000e+003
1.1400e+004
1.7100e+004
2.2800e+004
2.8500e+004
3.4200e+004
Specification Area
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.25
Maxwell / Eddy Current
• State Space Modeling for Simplorer– Frequency domain impedance(R,L) model for circuit simulation
• AC Field and Loss (after circuit simulation)
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.26
Maxwell / Eddy Current Solver
Core Shape/MaterialNumber of turnsFrequencyGapShield Shape/Material
AC CharacteristicsInductance L, MCoupling factor kFieldCore HysteresisShield
Shield Plate (Aluminum)
Core(Power Ferrite)
No Shielding Shielding
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.27
Simplorer with Maxwell State Space Model
AC / Frequency domain TR / Time domain
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.28
Efficiency Map
• Output/Input Power
• Tuned capacitance for each conditions
90%
50%
20%
[%]100
cos
in
out
PPVIP
Efficiency[%]
Sliding [mm]Gap [mm]
Gap Sliding
Max.96%
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.29
0
0
0
R1
7.2mOhm
R2
3.6mOhm
Cs
1.72uF
Cp
4.96uF
Rload
13ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
TRANS2
DT1
TRANS1
SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
STATE_11_2
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
STATE_11_1
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=20kFrequency:=20k
DC_Source:=400Dead_Time:=2u
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1uF
2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00Time [ms]
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
Y1 [
A]
Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 41.6165
WM2.ITR 34.8648
2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00Time [ms]
-800.00
-300.00
200.00
700.00
Y1 [
V]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 281.0066
WM2.VTR 321.9453
2.900 2.925 2.950 2.975 3.000Time [ms]
-250.00
-125.00
0.00
125.00
250.00
Y1 [A
]
-1000.00
-500.00
0.00
500.00
873.02
Y2 [V
]
MX1: 2.9200MX2: 2.9811
-408.7847-315.0105-64.8250
-40.2840-377.1247-319.5653 -53.6971
-0.0037
0.0610
Curve Info Y Axis rmsWM1.I
TR Y1 38.9542
WM2.ITR Y1 34.1140
WM1.VTR Y2 276.0822
WM2.VTR Y2 316.6292
PWRProbe
PWR_Probe1
Current_1:srcCurrent_2:src
Current_1:snkCurrent_2:snk
PWRProbe
PWR_Probe2
0
0
0
R1
7.2mOhm
R2
3.6mOhm
Cs
1.72uF
Cp
4.96uF
Rload
13ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
TRANS2
DT1
TRANS1
SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
STATE_11_2
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
STATE_11_1
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=20kFrequency:=20k
DC_Source:=400Dead_Time:=2u
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1uF
2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00Time [ms]
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
Y1 [A
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 41.6165
WM2.ITR 34.8648
2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00Time [ms]
-800.00
-300.00
200.00
700.00
Y1 [
V]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 281.0066
WM2.VTR 321.9453
2.900 2.925 2.950 2.975 3.000Time [ms]
-250.00
-125.00
0.00
125.00
250.00
Y1 [A
]
-1000.00
-500.00
0.00
500.00
873.02
Y2 [V
]
MX1: 2.9200MX2: 2.9811
-408.7847-315.0105-64.8250
-40.2840-377.1247-319.5653 -53.6971
-0.0037
0.0610
Curve Info Y Axis rmsWM1.I
TR Y1 38.9542
WM2.ITR Y1 34.1140
WM1.VTR Y2 276.0822
WM2.VTR Y2 316.6292
PWRProbe
PWR_Probe1
Current_1:srcCurrent_2:src
Current_1:snkCurrent_2:snk
PWRProbe
PWR_Probe2
Maxwell – Simplorer System Simulation
AC400V Rectify InverterWireless Power Transformer Battery
Controller
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.30
Simplorer: Design by Circuit Level Simulation
Circuit DriverController
AC/TR ResponseWaveformEfficiency
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.31
Back to Maxwell: Core Hysteresis Loss Using the Current Amplitude and Phase from Simplorer
Hysteresis Loss
Considering Magnetic Loss tangent
tan1 jj
Freq [kHz]Core1st_LossSetup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
Core2nd_LossSetup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
1 20.000000 0.909102 0.313144
3D_EddyCore Loss ANSOFT
Core loss[W]
Primary
Secondary
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.32
Back to Maxwell: Shield Surface Loss Using the Current Amplitude and Phase from Simplorer
Surface Loss
Key Point:Impedance boundary BC
Primary Secondary
Freq [kHz]Shield1st_LossSetup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
Shield2nd_LossSetup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
1 20.000000 22.938675 37.886583
3D_EddyShield Loss ANSOFT
Freq [kHz]Shield1st_LossSetup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
Shield2nd_LossSetup1 : LastAdaptivePhase='0deg'
1 20.000000 22.938675 37.886583
3D_EddyShield Loss ANSOFT
Shield Loss[W]
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.33
Back to Maxwell: Field Solution Using the Current Amplitude and Phase from Simplorer
Magnetic Field Intensity
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00Distance [meter]
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
Mag
_B [m
Tesl
a]
2D_EddyXY Plot 1 ANSOFT
Curve InfoMag_B
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveFreq='20kHz' Phase='0deg'
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00Distance [meter]
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
Mag
_B [m
Tesl
a]
2D_EddyXY Plot 1 ANSOFT
Curve InfoMag_B
Setup1 : LastAdaptiveFreq='20kHz' Phase='0deg'
Magnetic Field Density
Distance
Distance
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.34
Back to Maxwell and Link to HFSS
• Maxwell → HFSS Dynamic Link– Magnetic source solved by Maxwell and Link to HFSS field solution– Far Field and Large Area electromagnetic solution– HFSS can handle a car body object as 2D sheet object
Maxwell
HFSS
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.35
Back to Maxwell and Link to HFSS
• Maxwell → HFSS Dynamic Link– Magnetic source solved by Maxwell and Link to HFSS field solution– Far Field and Large Area electromagnetic solution– HFSS can handle a car body object as 2D sheet object
Maxwell
HFSS
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.36
0
0
0
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
TRANS2
DT1
TRANS1
SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
STATE_11_2
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
STATE_11_1
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k
DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 9.4139
WM2.ITR 10.5939
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-300.00
-100.00
100.00
300.00
Y1 [V
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 154.9045
WM2.VTR 120.2425
1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
-200.00
-100.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
Y2 [V
]
MX1: 1.9753MX2: 1.9783
-6.0797-1.2036-0.0090
131.1979
-0.51411.340627.9814
156.0455
0.0030
Curve Info Y Axis rmsWM1.I
TR Y1 9.3501
WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176
WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594
WM2.VTR Y2 119.4615
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
0
0
0
R1
(1/87-0.004) ohm
R2
(1/348-0.001) ohm
Cs
1.93uF
Cp
5.24uF
Rload
10ohm
W
+WM1
W
+WM2
D4
D3
D2
D1
IGBT4
IGBT3
IGBT2
IGBT1
C1
1000uF
TRANS4
DT4
TRANS3
SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL
TRANS2
DT1
TRANS1
SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL
STATE_11_4
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time
STATE_11_3
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=1SET: TSV2:=1SET: TSV1:=0
STATE_11_2
SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT1##Dead_Time
STATE_11_1
SET: TSV4:=1SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0SET: TSV1:=1
TRIANG1
AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq
SINE1
AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency
ICA: FML_INIT1
Modulation_Index:=0Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k
DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u
~
3PHAS
~
~
A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)
PHI = 0°
PHI = -120°
PHI = -240°
THREE_PHASE1D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10 Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.I
TR 9.4139
WM2.ITR 10.5939
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]
-300.00
-100.00
100.00
300.00
Y1 [V
]
Curve Info rmsWM1.V
TR 154.9045
WM2.VTR 120.2425
1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
Y1 [A
]
-200.00
-100.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
Y2 [V
]
MX1: 1.9753MX2: 1.9783
-6.0797-1.2036-0.0090
131.1979
-0.51411.340627.9814
156.0455
0.0030
Curve Info Y Axis rmsWM1.I
TR Y1 9.3501
WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176
WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594
WM2.VTR Y2 119.4615
Current_1st_1:src
Current_1st_2:src
Current_2nd_1:src
Current_2nd_2:src
Current_1st_1:snk
Current_1st_2:snk
Current_2nd_1:snk
Current_2nd_2:snk
0
Rload
10ohm
Battery- +
LBATT_A1
D11
D12
D13
D14
C2
1e-006farad
Conclusion
• Wireless power transfer for HEV/EV’s can easily be simulated with ANSYS’ electromagnetic and circuit simulation tools.
• The full solutions requires a system level approach.
• ANSYS’ Products can also support multiphysics simulation, i.e. combined Thermal / Structure / Fluid
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.38
• Add the following slides for an in‐depth discussion on how HFSS can be used to solve this type of problem.
© 2011 ANSYS, Inc.39
Resonance type wireless power supply
• Antenna coil
1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m
100%
50%
0%
Transfer Distance
Efficiency
Resonance type
Inductive type(~15W) Inductive type(~50kW)
Microwave type
Ref: EE Times Japan 2009.10
HFSSNEXXIM
HFSS / Impedance Characteristics
11
m1
20.00 22.50 25.00 27.50 30.00 32.50 35.00 37.50 40.00Freq [MHz]
0.00
250.00
500.00
750.00
000.00
250.00
500.00
750.00
-5000.00
-2500.00
0.00
2500.00
5000.00
im(Z
(1,1
))
oft LLC Ring_resonant_singleXY Plot 2 ANSOFT
m1 Curve Infore(Z(1,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1im(Z(1,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
me X Ym1 29.7500 8579.4457
30MHz
Resonance type Coil Antenna Transfer Model
ransfer characteristics between primary and secondary coils y the distance(D1)
D1
HFSS / Transfer characteristics
1
10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00Freq [MHz]
Ring_resonant_Two_distXY Plot 3 ANSOFT
m1
Curve InfodB(S(2,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='1000mm'
dB(S(2,1))Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='1500mm'
dB(S(2,1))Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='2000mm'
dB(S(2,1))Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='2500mm'
dB(S(2,1))Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='3000mm'
dB(S(2,1))Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='3500mm'
dB(S(2,1))Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='4000mm'
dB(S(2,1))Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='4500mm'
dB(S(2,1))Setup1 : Sw eep1D1='5000mm'
Y888
20 00
-17.50
-15.00
-12.50
-10.00
-7.50
-5.00
-2.50
0.00
dB(S
(2,1
))
Ansoft LLC Ring_resonant_Two_distXY Plot 4 ANSOFT
Curve InfodB(S(2,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1Freq='0.031GHz'
Freq=31MHz
Distance (D1)
Frequency
HFSS / Transfer efficiency
Transfer efficiency calculated by S21
1 00 1 50 2 00 2 50 3 00 3 50 4 00 4 50 5 00.00
.50
.00
.50
.00
.50oft LLC Ring_resonant_Two_distXY Plot 5 ANSOFT
Curve Infoeff iciency
Setup1 : Sw eep1Freq='0.0314GHz'
Distance (D1)
[%]100221 S
HFSS / Transfer characteristics
otated secondary coil
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00Rot [deg]
-80.00
-70.00
-60.00
-50.00
-40.00
-30.00
-20.00
-10.00
0.00
dB(S
(2,1
))
Ansoft LLC Ring_resonant_Two_angXY Plot 4 ANSOFT
Curve InfodB(S(2,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1Freq='0.031GHz'
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00Freq [MHz]
-150.00
-125.00
-100.00
-75.00
-50.00
-25.00
0.00
Y1
Ansoft LLC Ring_resonant_Two_angXY Plot 3 ANSOFT
m1 Curve InfodB(S(2,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1dB(S(2,1))_1
Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='0deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='10deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='20deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='30deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='40deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='50deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='60deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='70deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='80deg'
dB(S(2,1))_1Setup1 : Sw eep1Rot='90deg'
Name X Ym1 31.0100 -4.6050
Rotation angle(0~90deg)
S21
S21
Frequency
HFSS / Rotated Antenna(Cont.)
otated secondary coil
ransfer null point at 90deg
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00Rot [deg]
-80.00
-67.50
-55.00
-42.50
-30.00
-17.50
-5.00
dB(S
(2,1
))
Ansoft LLC Ring_resonant_Two_angRotation S21 ANSOFT
Curve InfodB(S(2,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1Freq='0.031GHz'
回転角度(0~90deg)
S21
0deg 70deg 90deg
Null Point
Designer/NEXXIM with HFSS Direct Link
HFSS + Designer/NEXXIM– HFSS model direct link to Designer– S‐parameter model by electromagnetic link to circuit simulation– Push Excitation : Get excited condition for HFSS by Designer simulation
PushExcitation
HFSSl t ti
Designer/NEXXIMcircuit
S-parametermodel
HFSS – Designer/NEXXIM System Simulation
0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00 125.00 150.00Time [us]
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
-125.00
0.00
125.00
-125.00
-25.00
75.00
0.00
25.00
50.00
Curve Info
V(S4)Transient
V(S2)Transient
V(S3)Transient
V(S1)Transient
V(Vin)Transient
V(Vout1)Transient
V(Vout)Transient
With_InverterXY Stacked Plot 1 ANSOFT
64.31 64.38 64.50 64.63 64.75 64.88 65.00 65.13 65.25Time [us]
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
0.005.00
10.00
15.00
-125.00
0.00
125.00
-125.00
-25.00
75.00
0.00
25.00
50.00
Curve Info
V(S4)Transient
V(S2)Transient
V(S3)Transient
V(S1)Transient
V(Vin)Transient
V(Vout1)Transient
V(Vout)Transient
With_InverterXY Stacked Plot 1 ANSOFT
Inverter Rectifier
CoilAntenna