JODHPUR INSTITUTIONS OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

VIA SOLAR POWER SATELLITE

GUIDED BY:-PROF. CHANDRA SHEKHER

BY:-ABHISHEK SUNDRANI

WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION(WPT)

• The transmission of energy from one place to another without using wires.

• Conventional energy transfer is using wires

• But, the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies…..

…HISTORY…

• Nikola Tesla in late 1890s• Pioneer of induction techniques• His vision for “World Wireless System”• The 187 feet tall tower to broadcast energy• All people can have access to free energy• Due to shortage of funds, tower did not operate

HISTORY (Cont.…)

Tesla was able to transfer energy from one coil to another coil

He managed to light 200 lamps from a distance of 40km

The idea of Tesla is taken in to research after 100 years by a team led by Marin Soljačić from MIT. The project is named as ‘WiTricity’.

Why not wires???

i. As per studies, most electrical energy transfer is through wires.

ii. Most of the energy loss is during transmission

iii. On an average, more than 30%

iv. In India, it exceeds 40%

Why WPT ???

• Reliable• Efficient• Fast• Low maintenance cost• Can be used for short-range or long-range.

How Safe is WPT????

• Human beings or other objects placed between the transmitter and receiver do not hinder the transmission of power.

• Magnetic field tend to interact very weakly with the biological tissues of the body, and so are not prone to cause any damage to any living being.

WPT BASICS:-

There are mainly 3 major types of wireless energy transfer:--

Short range – INDUCTIVE COUPLING

Medium range – RESONANT INDUCTION

Long range power transfer – ELECTROMEGNETIC WAVE

…Types of WPT…

1) Ground based power transmission 2) Space based power transmission

But Space-based power transmission is preferred over Ground based power transmission Ground is (obviously) cheaper per noontime watt, but: · Space gets full power 24 hours a day – 3X or more Watt-hours per day per peak watt – No storage required for nighttime power · Space gets full power 7 days a week – no cloudy days · Space gets full power 52 weeks a year – No long winter nights, no storms, no cloudy seasons · Space delivers power where it’s needed – Best ground solar sites (deserts) are rarely near users · Space takes up less, well, space – Rectennas are 1/3 to 1/10 the area of ground arrays – Rectennas can share land with farming or other uses.

…SPS……Solar Power Satellite…

Solar Power Satellites (SPS) have proposed to collect solar energy in space and beam it down to the Earth.

WHY TO USE SPS????

• There is no air in space, so the satellites would receive somewhat more intense sunlight, unaffected by weather.

• The SPS concept is simpler than most power systems here on earth. • Solar radiation can be more efficiently collected in space, where it is roughly three times stronger than on the surface of the Earth and it can be collected 24 hours per day (since there are no clouds or night in high Earth orbit). • SPS does not use up valuable surface area on the Earth

Four basic steps involved in the conversion of solar energy to electricity and delivery are:

Capture solar energy in space and convert it to electricity

Transform the electricity to radio frequency energy and transmit it to Earth

Receive the radio frequency energy on Earth and convert it back to electricity

Provide the electricity to the utility grid

How SPS works?????

…ADVANTAGES…. Unlimited energy resource

Energy delivered anywhere in the world Zero fuel cost Zero CO2 emission Minimum long-range environmental impact Solar radiation can be more efficiently collected in space

…DISADVANTAGES…. Launch costs

Capital cost even given cheap launchers Would require a network of hundreds of satellites Possible health hazards

The size of the antennas and rectennas

Geosynchronous satellites would take up large sections of space Interference with communication satellites