wireless research beyond 5g · wireless research beyond 5g. 5g • single platform for enabling a...
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Sonia Heemstra de Groot, Center for Wireless Technology Eindhoven
SEMICON EUROPA - Technology for Communication 12 November 2019
Wireless Research Beyond 5G
5G• Single platform for enabling a variety of verticals
• Diverse set of KPI’s
• Softwarization and virtualization of network functions, and proper orchestrating resources via network slicing
• At the physical layer introduction of mmwave, Massive MIMO and ultra-dense deployment of access points.
2Source: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. February 2016
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5G evolution
Release15
Release16
Release17
6G
2018
(5G phase 1)
June 2020
(5G phase 2)
September 2021
2030
6G initiatives have started
• 6G Flagship University of Ouolu
• 6G Wireless Summit (Levi, Finland, March 2019)
• 6G Research Vision V1 September 2019
• Some recent publications:
• 6G Flagship, white paper “Key Drivers and Research Challenges for 6G Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence”, 6G Research Visions 1 September 2019.
• T.S. Rappaport et al., “Wireless Communications and Applications Above 100 GHz: Opportunities and Challenges for 6G and Beyond”, IEEE Access, June 2019.
• Rhode & Schwarz white paper “5G Evolution: On the Path to 6G”, 2019.
• K. David and H. Bernt, “6G Vision and Requirements”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, September 2018.
• E. Calvanese Strinati et al., “6G: The Next Frontier”, under revision IEEE Vehicular Technologies Magazine
• …
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What is the motivation for 6G?
• 5G has just started to be deployed and researchers are developing new ideas to increase the performance of current systems
• New mobile communication generation every 10 years
• Technological with new groundbreaking technologies
• Societal trends that motivate new services
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Motivations from the societal perspective
Improvement of quality of life• Smart environments, smart cities, smart transportation, smart factories,
• Personalization of health care and education
• Improve human interaction mechanisms
New use cases and new applications:• Holographic communication, extended reality, autonomous vehicles, real-time
networked control, etc..)
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Haptic holography
Holographic watch
Fully autonomous vehicles
Tele-presence Extended realityInternet of everything
Smart factoriesIn-body networks
Many of these services require performance figures not supported by 5G
6G Requirements
Perception of “Infinite” capacity
• Ultra-high data rates (Tbps per user)
• Massive scalability to millions of devices
Coverage
• Ubiquitous consistent user experience in time and location
Convenience
• Extreme low latency (interactive services, tactile internet, remote surgery)
• Trustworthiness and resilience
• High energy efficiency/ long battery life/ ultra-low energy consumption/ battery-free communications
Source: 6G Flagship, 6G research Visions 1, Sept. 2019
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Technologies for Beyond 5G
Evolution of 5G technologies
New technologies ...
2020 2025 2030
Evolutionary techniques
• Increase spectral and energy efficiency
• Advanced radio coordination techniques, e.g., distributed massive MIMOHigher energy efficiency and spectral performance than centralized
• Efficient antenna designs, e.g. focal plane arrays, Antenna-on-Chip, etc.
• Etc.
Qing Wang, I.Niemegeers, S.M. Heemstra de Groot massive MIMO vs SCN in indoor environment
Q. Liu et al., “Overcoming the 50-Ohm Limitation: Antenna-on-Chip and Low-Noise Amplifier Co-design,” submitted to AWPL (invited)
Photograph by Bart van Overbeeke
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New technologies
• Use of higher spectral bands
▪ (Sub-)THz systems for sensing and communications
▪ Optical wireless communication
• Pervasive artificial intelligence
• In-network intelligence for massive IoT
• Ultra-low power communications, battery less solutions, energy harvesting, backscatter communication
• Wireless power transfer
• Effective use of reflections
• …
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Ultra-high data rates
Source: T. Nakemura, Towards 5G Deployment in 2020 and Beyond
1Tbps average in 2030!
2030
100Gbps
1 Tbps
Ultra-high data rate communications
Strategies to increase the volume data rate (bits/sec/m3):
- Dense deployment of radio access points
- Increase spectral efficiency (Massive MIMO, orbital angular momentum (OAM), full-duplex
- Multi RAT and 3D multi-link connectivity
- Increase BW by using higher spectral regions
• (Sub-)THz systems for sensing and communications
• Optical wireless communication
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(Sub-)THz Communications
• THz Band 0.1THz – 10 THz
• THz for ultra-high data rate communication:
▪ Not enough bandwidth availability for supporting Tbps data rates at lower frequencies
▪ THz Band offers bandwidth, ranging from tens of GHz up to several THz
▪ The required technology is rapidly advancing, higher frequency devices are becoming more power efficient
▪ THz communication will be become economically feasible
▪ IEEE 802.15.3d High Data Rate Wireless for extremely high access rates of up to 100 Gbit/s
• THz Band is not yet regulated
• Positioning will be possible with large angular precision.
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Optical Wireless Communications
Source: V. Jungnickel et al., A European View on the Next Generation Optical Wireless Communication Standard,2015 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking
• Advantages:
• Optical spectrum is unregulated• Short distances requiring low power levels• High data rates are possible• No EMI
• Visible light communication (VLC) (390–750 nm)
• Infra red (IR) (750–1600 nm)
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Beam steered infrared communications
Ultra-high capacity wireless communication by means of infrared optical beams*
• 2D beams steering• 128 beams• 112 Gbps/beams
15*Ton Koonen et al., Eindhoven University of Technology, IEEE Future Networks Tech Focus, Volume 3, Issue 2, September 2019
Indoor communication network using steered narrow optical beams
Pervasive artificial intelligence
• AI/cognition spread across all levels in the radio access network, the core network and applications. Improving reliability and lowering maintenance and operational costs.
• AI and machine learning to learn about the static and dynamic components of the radio environment.
• AI and machine learning to improve the time-varying performance of the air interface
Cognitive RF Cognitive DSPCognitive network
managementCognitive core
networkCognitive
application
Source: Rhode & Schwarz 5G Evolution: On the Path to 6G16
High density networks
Source: http://www.tsensorssummit.org
The largest network ever !
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In-network intelligence
• To deal with high density networks
• Bio-inspired modes
▪ copying the synchronization and coordination mechanismsof swarms
• Use of AI methods (learning, prediction) in building networks
• Simple ways to get network connectivity and reducing interference
• Isolation of cyber attacks
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Other enablers
• Device miniaturization
• Extreme low power/ battery-less
• Wireless power transfer
• New design principles for energy harvesting devices
▪ Energy-dependent communication
• Wearable electronics, flexible electronics, implantable electronics
• Intelligence/sensing/communication embedded in the body and in the environment
• Effective use of reflections: reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, wavefront shaping with spatial light modulation
CWTe –Premiss sensor (Dr. Hao Gao) -60GHz energy harvesting temperature sensor
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Beam steered infrared communications for NLoS
Reconfigurable beam system for non-line-of-sight free-space optical communication*
• Wavefront shaping with spatial light modulation (SLM)• 30Gbps have been achieved
20*Zizheng Cao et al., Eindhoven University of Technology, Light: Science & Applications. 2019 Jul 24;8(1):69
Experimental setup
Basic principles of wavefront shaping
Indoor use case
More wireless research for 6G
• Close interworking wireless/optical communication
• Communication and sensing
• Integration of sensing, imaging and highly accurate positioning
• Personalized network slices, massive edge computing
• Infrastructures based in satellite and UAVs
• Embedded distributed security and privacy
• …
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Conclusions
• 5G operational in 2020 offering impressive performance figures
• Many 6G activities started
• Key technology enablers to support the vison
• 6G operational in 2030 with “perfect” mobile communications
▪ Perception of infinite capacity and zero delay
▪ Ultra reliable
▪ Ubiquitous
▪ Zero energy
• Opening many new opportunities!
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Centre for Wireless Technology, Eindhoven
Thank you!