PRENSENTED BY: PABITRA JENAREG.NO: 1201287154

ROLL.NO:121066CSE: II (GROUP- 1)

GUIDED BY: GAYATRI MISHRA

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CONTENTS

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INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF WIRELESS NETWORKS

COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE OF SENSOR NETWORK

APPLICATIONS OF WIRELESS SENSOR

FUTURE SCOPE

REFERENCES

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FACTORS INFLUENCING SENSOR NETWORK DESIGN

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

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What are wireless sensor networks (WSNs) ? A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes “sensors” organized into a cooperative network. Wireless sensor network consists of sensor nodes deployed over a geographical area for monitoring physical phenomena like temperature, humidity, etc.

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Applications of wireless sensor network

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• temperature• humidity• vehicular movement• lightning condition• pressure• soil makeup• noise levels• the presence or absence of certain kinds of objects• mechanical stress levels on attached objects• the current characteristics such as speed, direction, and size of an object

Simple picture

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Applications of sensor networks

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Military applicationsMonitoring friendly forces, equipment and ammunition.Battlefield surveillance.Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain.Battle damage assessment.Nuclear, biological and chemical attack detection and reconnaissance.

PIR Sensor

Applications of sensor networks

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Environmental applicationsForest fire detection Flood detection

Application of sensor networks

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Health applicationsTele monitoring of human physiological data.Tracking and monitoring patients and doctors inside a hospital.Drug administration in hospitals. Home applicationsHome automation.Smart environment.

Factors influencing sensor network design

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Fault tolerance Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node

failures. The fault tolerance level depends on the application of the sensor networks Scalability Scalability measures the density of the sensor nodes.

Factors influencing sensor network design

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Production costs The cost of a single node is very important to justify the overall cost of the networks. The cost of a sensor node is a very challenging issue given the amount of functionalities with a price of much less than a dollar.

Factors influencing sensor network design

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Hardware constraints

Transmission media

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In a sensor network, communicating nodes are linked by a wireless medium.

To enable global operation, the chosen transmission medium must be available worldwide.

Radio. Infrared. Optical media.

Communication architecture of sensor networks

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Communication architecture of sensor networks

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Application layer

The three possible application layer protocols are

Sensor management protocol (SMP) Task assignment and data advertisement protocol (TADAP) Sensor query and data dissemination protocol (SQDDP)

Communication architecture of sensor networks

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Transport layer

This layer is especially needed when the system is planned to be accessed through Internet or other external networks. No attempt thus far to propose a scheme or to discuss the issues related to the transport layer of a sensor network in literature.

Communication architecture of sensor networks

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Network layer

Power efficiency is always an important consideration.

Data aggregation is useful only when it does not hinder the collaborative effort of the sensor nodes.

An ideal sensor network has attribute-based addressing and location awareness.

Communication architecture of sensor networks

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Data link layer

The data link layer is responsible for the medium access and error control.

It ensures reliable point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections in a communication network.

Communication architecture of sensor networks

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Error controlForward Error Correction (FEC)

Automatic Repeat Request (ARR)

Simple error control codes with low-complexity encoding and decoding might present the best solutions for sensor networks.

Communication architecture of sensor networks

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Physical layer

The physical layer is responsible for frequency selection, frequency generation, signal detection, modulation and data encryption.

Future Scope

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Future Scope

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Pictures of some of the sensors

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References

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http://www.sensor-networks.org

http://www.libelium.com

http://www.ntms-conf.org

http://www.ni.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network

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