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Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Wireless Solutions for IndustryWireless Solutions for IndustryApr. 2011

The History of Radio

The theory of radio waves was first discovered by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell – Born 1831, died 1879

Maxwell combined the separate theories of Electricity and Magnetism into one Electro-magnetic field

“Electromagnetic waves” or RADIO– Travel through space at the speed of Light

The History of Radio

Marconi had an early interest in science, and was especially interested in the work of Hertz

He quickly realized the potential of wireless transmission and filed a British patent– Awarded on 2nd July 1897, GB12039

At 12:00pm on the 12th December 1901 Marconi send and received the first Transatlantic radio transmission

The History of Radio

On Sunday evening 14th April 1912 the largest passenger ship in the world, Titanic struck an iceberg

The radio operators onboard were employed by Marconi International Marine

They sent a distress signal alerting the world and the Carpathia

Radio had proven it worth…

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2007

2008

2010

2011

Wireless Development…

…………………..…First proprietary wireless devices are developed

2009Extensive field trials………….are undertaken

The worlds first ISA100.11a……...………..compliant products are released

Development continues…………………..On large scale wireless networks

Radio Frequencies

2.4

GH

z

7

ISA100 is a market driven wireless standard

42% Users

33%Manufacturers

25% Others

42% of ISA100 voters are end users– ExxonMobile, Saudi Aramco & Shell etc…

Only 33% are manufacturers with a vested interest in the prevailing wireless standard

The remaining 25% are government agencies, contractors and engineering companies etc…

8

ISA100 User classifications

Safety Class 0: Emergency action(Instrumented protection systems)

Control Class 1: Closed loop regulatory control(Regular control loop that are normally critical)

Class 2: Closed loop supervisory control(Set point manipulation for optimisation etc…)

Class 3: Open loop control(Manual / human actions on alerts)

Monitoring Class 4: Alerting(Short term operational consequences, event driven)

Class 5: Logging & downloading / Uploading(No immediate operational consequences)

Wireless now… and in the future…

Star network

In a star network each device communicates directly with the master device or base-radio

Latency within such networks is low– Communication without delay

However there are no redundant communication paths– Duo-Casting will address this adding redundancy

Power consumption is low – Measure & Communicate

Mesh networks

In a mesh network devices can communicate with each other and the gateway– Paths are built depending upon signal strength

Latency depends where you are in the mesh– Can be high at the mesh edges

However, redundant data paths are formed– Multiple routes exist to reach the gateway

Power consumption is higher– Measure, Transmit & route for other devices

Internal Use Only11

Deterministic Wireless Network (Star Topology)

TopologyFunctions

Redundant Star Mesh

Deterministic Good Bad

Low Latency Good Bad

Multi-Route* Good Good

Longer Battery Life Good Bad

Easy Install Good Good

Easy Trouble-Shooting Good Bad

Redundant star topology is the best choice for “Control Proof”

Three important functions to accomplish “Control Proof” are;– Deterministic, Low Latency and Multi-Routing

Security – AES128

Why Wireless…

Improve productivity and quality– Enhanced process insights - less blind stops

Ensure high up time– Less process surprises

Reduce maintenance and operational costs– No wires, no cable, less infrastructure required…

Help you to meet regulatory requirements

Faster engineering cycles…

Wireless breaking down the barriers…

Why Wireless

50k$

100k$

150k$

200k$

250k$

300k$

Wireless

Wired

Material

Installation

Engineering

Administration

**Source: Apprion survey “Wireless Economics”

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Wireless Digital Sensing

Atomic clock stability– Unmatched precision

– Accuracy and repeatability

Resolution and turndown second to none

Digital sensor CPU fusion– No A/D conversion errors

– No re-ranging errors

– Simple sensor diagnostics – integrity

Digital precisionDigital precision

Reduced variability, increased process yields…

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Wireless Digital Sensing

Two measurements from one sensor– Differential pressure– Static pressure

D/P 10100100110101011010110101010101S/P 01001010110101011010101010101010

MultiMulti--SensingSensing

Increased process insights with fewer transmitters…

Wireless Sensors

EJX Series Wireless Pressure Transmitter• Gauge, absolute and differential pressure (multi-sensing)• Manifold or direct mount• Battery life 5-15 year typically; battery health diagnostics• ATEX certified intrinsically safe

YTA Series Wireless Temperature Transmitter• RTD (2-, 3- or 4-wire), t/c, mV or Ω- signals (single

sensor)• Battery life 5-15 year typically; battery health diagnostics• ATEX certified intrinsically safe

Gateway - Backbone Router

Gateway with integrated Backbone Router (BBR)• ATEX certified type N for Zone 2• Security and system management

Field Wireless Tools• FieldMate integrated Universal Provisioning Tool• Network Management Tool• Field Wireless Configurator

DCS and SCADA integration• Measurement and device status visualisation• Asset management and DTM based device management

Universal Provisioning Tool

Wireless Solutions Available Today…

19

Flow

Level

Pressure & Temperature

Your Wireless Investment is Safe…

Control– Very Reliable Radio and High Speed Update times (1 sec) – Very Secure network with End to End Security– Fully Redundant Architecture with Duo Cast

• Broadcast to two gateways simultaneously (coming soon!)

Power– Star Topology and Non-Routing devices reduce Power Consumption– Long Battery Life ‘D’-cell Batteries

• Unique Battery Pack enables exchange in the Hazardous Area– Power Harvesting Technologies, coming 2Q, 2011

Future– Multi-Protocol with Protocol Mapping and Tunneling– IP-base network addressing– Total Wireless Solution (WiFi)

ISA100.11a Realizes Real Lifecycle Benefits

Open Battery Concept

Long Life– Star Topology consumes less power than Mesh Topology– ‘D’ Cell batteries with larger capacity

Easy Maintenance – Exchangeable even in Hazardous area because of its unique

battery pack design– ‘D’ Cell 3.6V Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery

Hazardous Area

Widely availableLow cost batteries

Battery pack, designed for Ex-Environments

Convenient battery replaceable in the field

Providing customer with an unique power solution to enable convenient battery exchange while minimizing maintenance cost

Replace batteries in safe area

Low Cost Intrinsically Safe Solution

No cables, No barriers and No calculations!

EExnA (Zone 2) EExib (Zone 1)

Page

High Speed update & Long Battery Life

EJXEJX

YTAYTA

Up-Date Time

1 sec

5 sec

10 sec

5 sec

10 sec

30 sec

Half year or more

Two years or more

Four years or more

Four years or more

Six years or more

Ten years or more**Conditions at 23 deg. C with Star Topology

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Years 9 10

Internal Use Only

Manageable Topology

Deterministic communicationLow Latency, Long Battery LifeEase of Maintenance & Trouble-shooting

Range extension with multiple hops

Obstacle navigation By multiple hops

Increase range with reduced errors…

ISA100 covers 3x the range of wirelessHARTmaintaining the regulatory 10mW / 13dbm output…– The radio and protocol are more mature and reliable being

built upon proven technology

**Empirical test data at reference site

ISA100 strength – High sensitivity radio

600m

Superior receive sensitivity with the Freescale radio technology– -96 dB versus -90 dB for wirelessHART, that’s 4 times

greater receive sensitive!– Enabling us to bridges distances of up to 600m LOS

Saving power and increasing efficiencyReducing CapEx and OpEx infrastructure costs

27

Coexistence with other WIFI radio

Erro

r R

ate

The result of Coexistence test with WiFi solutions– ISA100 error rate is less than one-fifth of that of WirelessHART

using its channel blacklisting function

31%

5.5%

WirelessHARTISA100

5.6 x ErrorLost data packets

Coexistence with WiFi assured

**Both test devices for WirelessHART & ISA100 are Yokogawa products

Test equipment

WiFi Spectrum

Channel Black Listing

Robustness

Test in dense highly radio reflective environments prove ISA100 superior reliability and immunity to reflections– G to A = 0.1% Error rate for ISA100 versus 24% for WirelessHART– G to B = 0.2% Error rate for ISA100 versus 30% for WirelessHART– G to C = 0% Error rate for ISA100 versus 13% for WirelessHART– G to D = 8% Error rate for ISA100 versus 11% for WirelessHART

Pipes, vessels and supports can all create multiple reflection paths for 2.4GHz radio signal, some constructive and others destructive etc…

Ｇ

ＡＢ

Ｃ

DMulti Path Effect

Interoperability

At Yokogawa we are fully committed to supporting open standards– They provide a level playing field for all…

Ensuring an interoperable solution can be achieve using a mixed vendor architecture– Unlocking the full potential of the device

The WCI ensures vendor interoperability is achieved for ISA100.11a compliant devices…

Interoperability

Wireless Applications Areas

Elevated Assets– Enables uneconomical measurements on flare stack and

vacuum columns

Distributed Assets– Loading Piers and Tank Farms are ideal areas to deploy

wireless networks, enhancing asset management while minimizing infrastructure

Isolated Assets– Robust measurement solutions for difficult to reach areas;

Well heads, production platforms and pipelines

Wireless Enables Asset Management

Wireless Applications Areas

Rotating & Modular Equipment– Wireless free these assets from the complexity of traditional

high maintenance cabled solutions • No moving parts - slip rings, complex connectors required and

difficult cable looms needed

Temporary Measurements– Such as those required to diagnose a problem with a

production asset are simple and convenient to implement wirelessly

Wireless Enables Greater Process Insights

Mobile knowledge workers

Wireless industrial laptops, PDA’s, tablet PC’s– Terminal server based (thin client)– Web based (thin client)

Mobile operators – more productive– Access to real-time process information anywhere, any time!– Fully functional (or restricted) working environment

• Graphics, historical data, asset management data

Mobile commissioning and maintenance– Access to real time information enables more efficient

commissioning and maintenance • Loop testing, Calibration (Zero & Span) and Real-time diagnostics

– Initiate, execute, close and report on work orders

Real time Information – Empowering your People

ISA-SP100 wireless solutions

VoIP– The plant wide wireless backhaul network can also be used

to support VoIP communications for maintenance engineers & operators alike

• Supporting secure efficient communications

Video – fixed and mobile cameras– The same is also true for asset surveillance cameras, these

can also stream their data across the SP100 backhaul network

• Surveillance of assets, remote locations supporting access control and intrusion detection etc…

Personnel tracking & asset identification– RFID tags can be both active and passive and enabling asset

tracking and personnel identification• Active RFID tags include a battery and transmit in the network

Yokogawa’s Total Wireless Solution

WiFi

L3-PCN

L4-OD Wireless DMZ

Wired

Web site promotion

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