The Innovation Development Process

Mini Laptop&

Tablets

Week11ForestD

NEED

Desire: “to create educational opportunities for the world’s poorest children by providing each child with a rugged, low-cost, low-power, connected laptop with content and software designed for collaboration, joyful, self-empowered learning”

www.wikipedia.OLPC

This desire to empower children of the world is considered one of the innovative forces behind the development of the smaller laptop.

The One Laptop per Child (OLPC) Chairman Nicolas Negroponte

LEAD THINKERS

• Nicolas Negroponte, Chairman• Rodrigo Arboleda Halaby, Chief Executive

OfficerMember Organizations

AMD Red HateBay MarvellGoogleNew Corporation

Mass Production

• ASUS in 2007 was the first mass producer of the Netbook– The smaller laptop does have its roots with the

concepts of OLPC.– The mass production for consumer use was

provided by alternative companies.

The Different * The Same

• Omitted certain features• Smaller screens• Smaller keyboards• Reduced computing powerwww.wikipedia.com

Currently,The are some computing differences, but with the

availablility of net storage and continued technology advancements it can be difficult to tell the difference between a general laptop and a mini

2008 Market Share

• The Minis Flourish.– Historically, there were issues with the success of

the smaller less capable versions of laptops.– Currently, “technology has matured enough to

allow truly cost optimized implementations with enough performance to suit the needs of the majority of PC” consumers. (retrieved from www.wikipedia.com/minilaptop)

Timeline

1990-1997The Mini was a concept not sustained by growth.

•Early Intervention Specialists were still reliant on their home computer or the larger laptop versions.

• Most EI Specialists still sent in via snail mail the documents to all of the entities.

•Verbal communication was via cellular phone.

2007-2008Asus and other companies brought the mini to the forefront. Market share grew.

•The majority special Instructors do use cellular phones to communicate quickly.•Attach to the www.•Play games with clients

•A few are using their carrying their standard sized laptops.

2010 the iPad was introduced.2011 USA Today ran a story predicting the sale of tablets to concur the sale of the mini laptops or netbooks

•A couple are using mini laptops

•I have not met a therapists with a personal iPad.

•The iPad is available through a lending library.

•The iPad has an app that is most beneficial for speech therapists. Proloquo 2. However, even at 189.00 it is still costly for many subcontractors to consider before evidence of its strengths.

Knowledge &Persuasion

Knowledge: The Individual is

exposed.

Innovation is usually found if it: is deemed interesting, fits a need, and relates to an

existing attitude.

Persuasion: The Individual

forms an

opinion. Good or bad!

Decision Stage

• The individual or organization engages in activities that lead to a choice to adopt or reject an innovation (Rogers, p. 117).– A trial period• Entire group, selected group.

– A sample– An incentive program

Implementation & Confirmation

Avoiding a state of dissonance.Re-InventionAn innovation is put to

use

Communication ChannelsThe Decision Process

• Channel – the means by which a message gets from the source to the receiver (p.204).

Interpersonal – Face to Face Exchange.*deals with resistance or apathy*leads to clarification or additional information”*PERSUASION

Mass Media – a mass medium*Reaches a large audience quickly*creates KNOWLEDGE and spreads information*changes weakly held attitudes (p.205)

Localite – known sources within the social system.

Cosmopolite – links individuals with sources outside of the social system.

The dreaded S curve display• SCurveForestD• • • • • • • • • Where the lines cross is the current year. Where tablet sales are predicted to surpass minisales.• • • • • • Mini Laptop/Net book(line with arrow) 2. Tablets (line without arrow)• Time• The S Curve.• Disclaimer. * I used a word document to make this. I may have a couple tools for communication, but I am learning that I

need to learn the how to of the software available. If anybody has any advice please let me know.• The S Curve. • The Netbook was developed in 1997.

Perceived Attributes

Complexity

Compatibility

ObservabilityRelative advantage

Trialability

Persuasion Strategies

• We could discuss the need for the portable devices with the entities that hire us and ask for a cash incentive to aid in the financial constraints on adopting new technology.

• We could offer demonstrations at the monthly meetings.

• It could be mandated by the counties; however, there system must oblige a internet only form submittal process.

Suggestions: influenc the laggard.

• Provide our contractor with rave review on how beneficial the innovation is and ask them to transmit this to the other specialists.

• Provide demonstrations• Since the innovation is one of a cluster the

only need is to be able to access forms and transmit them all electronically this gives the specialist a choice. Emphasize the choice. The free will element.

Most influential attributes:Compatability & Relative Advantage

• Compatability• The innovation is “consistent

with past experiences and needs of potential adopters”(p. 240).

• The ease of carrying a smaller device in addition with the ease of document time constraints make this innovation cluster compatible to possible adopters

• Relative Advantage• Adoption of a portable

device minilaptop or tablet

• These are “better than the idea it supersedes”(p. 229)

• The larger laptop is very heavy

• Paper and pencil is too slow.

CENTRALIZED OR

DECENTRALIZEDWhich is the better approach for EI?

Centralized

Flow is from the top downInnovation originates from expert source:

Government source alliance with technical giant (p. 395-96).

Innovation centered approachTechnology push, needs created by

availability (p. 396).

Low degree of local adoption and reinvention

Decentralized

Proportional control of the diffusion process: there is sharing of power and control among

the members of the diffusion system.

Diffusion is spontaneous and unplanned.Experimentation by users

Localites decide if and innovation will diffuse based on informal evaluations of innovations.

High degree of local adaption because they are diffusion adopters.

(p. 396)

A Decentralized Approach

• Early Intervention is a group of subcontractors working with children age 0-3.

• The ability to use any innovation while exchanging ideas with other therapists maintains a sense of independence. Yet therapists are encouraged to work with each other to learn about new ideas.

• Conversely, if the county chooses to work with digital documents only, a centralized approach may be best. This approach is based on a top down model.

Change Agents

• Change Agents – individuals who influence [others] innovation decisions in a direction deemed desirable by a change agency (p. 400).

• Change agent socially positioned between organization or system and the adopters

• Able to understand the needs of the adoptersRoles of change agent (retrieved from http://community2-diffusion.wikispaces.com/Milton+Week+8,citing Rogers)

1. The need to change – The change from a larger laptop or desktop would not be difficult; however the goal would be to review/teach how to use digital forms and the internet from any location.

2. Establishing an information exchange relationship – decide with a majority not full vote on how to exchange information. We as a group rely heavily on email. Would there be another way to exchange the information?

3. Diagnose problems – Differences between a digital system and a snail mail system4. Create intent to change in the client – 5. Translate intent into action -- Provide an awareness of the benefit and describe how it will be used to better track

documents6. Stabilize adoption and prevent discontinuance -- stabilization through examination of the innovation.7. Achieve a terminal relationship – the early adopters can aid the later adotpers.

The EI Change Agent• The client, the EI specialist: A desire to send and retrieve documents digitally. If that is the desire the tool

needed to do that is a portable communication device. A portable device is a functional alternative to the paper process in existence.

• The change agent must communicate with the other members of the EI community. There are monthly meetings that provide face to face contact. In some instances the ability to meet face to face provides a more confident feeling with the adopter. However, the change agent can send snail mail or email to the EI specialists. Not every specialists attends a meeting; however, word of mouth is a big part of EI. Establishing a rapport with a few, could spread to many. Roger does discuss the fact that communication and access to communicate in the beginning of the diffusion process is a key role for the change agent.

• A discussion session provides a forum to discuss the issues with the current practices, and an opportunity to display how changing to digital documents are beneficial to the therapists.

Change Agent -- Organizational Adoption/Diffusion. • The role of Champions – a charismatic individual. • The change agent who works with the Early Intervention specialists might be more successful if they are

identified similarly to the concept of the middle manager described in Rogers on page 415. – The innovation is “less radical” (p. 415), it is an extension of technology already used by most therapists. – A person in a similar role to a middle manager could relate to other specialists having a homophilious relationship

Critical Mass Critical Mass – the point after which further diffusion becomes self-sustaining.•Enough individuals have adopted an innovation so that the innovation’s further rate of adoption becomes self-sustaining (p.343).•Because the innovation described for my organization can be categorized as a new communication technology a critical mass of individuals from this organization must adopt it. “The utility of an interactive communication technology increases for all adopters. The benefits could increase as more members adopt a mini laptop or a tablet.Critical Mass – If the assessment is critical mass within our area of Early Intervention Specialists I would say it has not met the element of critical mass. The number of Specialists in our group utilizing the portable devices, mini laptop or tablets, is not self sustaining. Conversely, if the assessment of critical mass is looking at Early Intervention as a whole a whole system, because I have not located information on the number of specialist carrying portable8 devices, again I would say it has not met critical mass. However, if we leave larger laptops or newer laptops in the technology cluster it is probable that critical mass has been reached.

Rate of Adoption Interactive Innovation

Knowledge Adotion begins diffusion projection0

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Column1Series 2Column2

Organizational Adoption1. Optional innovation-decisions Because we are sub contractors I don’t see anybody requiring us to carry portable devices to our client visits.

Not at this point. 2. Collective innovation-decisionsI believe this would be the most beneficial form of organization adoption. Collective innovation decision

would allow therapists to maintain that element independence while allowing the innovation to improve our sending and retrieving of documents between all the entities. This would not affect who they are as therapists, specialists in their fields

3. Authority innovation-decision.This sounds like a great way to achieve diffusion in our organization because we are a scattered group, with

scattered innovations. However, at this point it would take getting the county on board. The county would probably be the best candidate as the authority figure in this model. This make the decision part of a bureaucracy, thus the outcome may not be what the independent therapists are trying to achieve.

Virtual Organization.I don’t think our group of Early Intervention specialists is as intriguing as Complexia out of Santa Fe, NM.

However, we do represent a group that could benefit from their model. “A network of geographically-distant employees, occasional face to face meetings, but daily work is carried out at a distance” (Rogers, 406). We are distant with in our counties. We work out of our clients homes, or our homes. We communicate face to fact with some specialists one time a month.