WLTP-DHC Validation Phase I

Results and Recommendations by India

DHC Subgroup 10th Meeting - VTF Meeting11 – 13th Oct 2011, Brussels

WLTP-DHC-10-13

Test Sequence as per WLTP-DHC-Validation1-01 Overview.ppt

*) Recommended run the current test procedure to confirm the proper vehicle operations** Can be skipped

Vehicles < 20 kW - warm up at 50 kmph, 15 min

Test Sequence actually followed for Validation I

Details of Test VehiclesVehicle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Vehicle Category LDCV LDCV PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Model name Ace Ape Truck Gio Nano Alto Wagon R EECO Swift i 20

Manufacturer TML Piaggio M&M TML MSIL MSIL MSIL MSIL HMIL

Vmax, km/h 70 70 59 105 135 145 132 160 166

Fuel Diesel Diesel Diesel Petrol Petrol Petrol CNG Diesel Petrol

Emission Norm BS-III BS-III BS-III BS-IV BS-IV BS-IV BS-IV BS-IV BS-IV

Engine cc 702 1034 441 623 796 996 1196 1248 1197

Max. power (kW/@ rpm)

11.57 / 3200

19.5 / 3600

6.8/ 3600

28 / 5500

35 / 6200

50 / 6200

54.43 / 6000

55 / 4000

59 / 5200

Kerb wt (kg) 840 850 640 615 795 870 1080 1033

Transmission 4MT 5 MT 4MT 4MT 5 MT 5 MT 5 MT 5MT 5 MT

After treatment DOC DOC DOC TWC TWC TWC DOC TWC

Maruti Suzuki Swift

Maruti Suzuki EECO CNG

Maruti Suzuki Wagon R TATA Nano

Maruti Suzuki Alto

Hyundai i20 Mahindra GIO

Piaggio APE

TATA ACE

Details of Test Vehicles

Key Concerns

Drivability

Max Speed

Gear Shift Pattern

Acceleration / Deceleration

Drivability

Japan Gear Shifting: GIO _Cold Start

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 18000.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

Actual Speed km/h

Dyno Set Speed km/h

Time in secs

Vehi

cle

Spee

d in

km

/h

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 18000.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Actual Speed km/hDyno Set Speed km/hJapan Gearshift

Time in secs

Vehi

cle

Spee

d in

km

/h

Gea

r

Japan Gear Shifting: GIO _Cold Start

Steven Gear Shifting_GIO_Cold Start

0 100 200 300 400 500 6000.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00Vehicle Actual Speed km/hr

Dyno Set Speed km/hr

Time in sec

Vehi

cle

Spee

d in

km

/hr

Based on Steven Gear Shift Calculation sheet only LOW phase is applicable

0 100 200 300 400 500 6000.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

0

1

2

3

4

5

Vehicle Actual Speed km/hrDyno Set Speed km/hrJapan Low Phase GearSteven Low Phase Gear

Time in sec

Vehi

cle

Spee

d in

km

/hr

Gear

Based on Steven Gear Shift Calculation sheet only LOW phase is applicable

Steven Gear Shifting_GIO_Cold Start

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Cycle Time (sec)

Veh

icle

Sp

eed

(km

/h)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Gea

r P

osi

tio

n

Cycle Speed (km/h)

Actual Speed (km/h)

Gear Position

Ace_Japan_Cycle

Japan Gear Shifting_Ace_Cold Start

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Cycle Time (sec)

Veh

icle

Sp

eed

(km

/h)

0

1

2

3

4

5

Gea

r P

osi

tio

n

Cycle Speed (km/h)

Actual Speed (km/h)

Gear Position

Ace_Steven_Cycle

Steven Gear Shifting_Ace_Cold Start

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Cycle Time (sec)

Ve

hic

le S

pee

d (

km

/h)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Ge

ar P

os

itio

n

Actual Speed (km/h)

Cycle Speed (km/h)

Gear Position

Nano_Japan_Cycle

Japan Gear Shifting_Nano_Cold Start

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Cycle Time (sec)

Ve

hic

le S

pe

ed

(k

m/h

)

0

1

2

3

4

5

Ge

ar

Po

sit

ion

Actual Speed (km/h)

Cycle Speed (km/h)

Gear Position

Nano_Steven_Cycle

Steven Gear Shifting_Nano_Cold Start

Japan Gear Shift _ Alto

It is difficult to meet target speed. Error is more than 10km/h in M and H Phases, even after driving vehicle in WOT.

UDC EUDC

Effect of Driving Cycle on Engine Operation_Alto

LowMiddle

HighEx High

Middle

WOT Conditions

RPM / Pedal position Scatter for Alto Petrol

Stringency of the new cycle is high on Small Cars esp. in M / H Phases

Difficult to follow steep deceleration

Difficult to follow steep deceleration

Japan Gear Shift – Ape_Low Phase

Could not attain target speed

Japan Gear Shift – Ape_Middle Phase

Difficulty in achieving

acceleration

Japan Gear Shift – Ape_High Phase

Could not attain target speed

Could not attain target acceleration

Steven Gear Shift – Ape_Low Phase

Difficult to follow steep deceleration

Difficult to follow steep deceleration

Steven Gear Shift – Ape_Middle Phase

Could not attain target speed

Difficulty in achieving

acceleration due to frequent gear

change

Max Speed

Driving Cycle Max Speed (kmph) WLTP Max Speeds are higher than current MIDC,NEDC, FTP & JP. Higher Max Speed and higher acceleration in WLTP, result in

drivability issues in compact vehicles, esp. in which engine will be operating at full load and max engine speed.

.

Low Middle High Ex-High Harmonized Cycle

Optional WLTP cycle

WLTC Ver2.0 50.9 72.5 97.4 132 90 120

Part1 Part2 Max. cycle

MIDC, India 50.0 90.0 90.0NEDC, Europe 50.0 120.0 120.0US FTP 91.2 91.2Japan JC 08 81.6 81.6

Based on Road Load Data submitted by CPs - Rationale of having the proposed Max Speed needs to be discussed.

WLTP Data: Speed Distribution (H Phase)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

10

0

11

0

12

0

13

0

14

0

15

0

16

0

17

0

18

0

Vehicle speed (km/h)

Fre

qu

en

cy (

%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Cu

m. f

req

ue

ncy

(%

)

Unified High

Japan HighEU High

US High

Korea HighIndia High

Unif ied High

Analyzing the unified High Phase distribution, hardly 3% of the Indian driving Data exceeds 90km/h. For other regions this varies from 5% to 10%. There exists a strong rationale of lowering the max speed of the High Phase to 90km/h.

WLTP Data: Speed Distribution (High Phase)

WLTP – DHC – 09-02 Page 9

WLTP Data: Speed Distribution (Extra-High Phase)

WLTP – DHC – 09-02 Page 9

Analyzing the unified Extra-High Phase distribution, hardly 4% of the Driving Data exceeds 120km/h. There exists a strong rationale of lowering the max speed of the Extra High Phase to 120km/h.

Gear Shift Pattern

Gear Shift Pattern 3 different Gear Shift Patterns have been suggested:

PC (Fixed Gear Shifts) (Japan) LDCV (For Commercial Vehicles) (Japan) Stevens Gear Shift (Vehicle Dependent)

Observations on Steven’s proposal: Multiplicity of Test Patterns as it is dependent on vehicle parameters Power to Weight Ratio Gear Ratios Idle RPM / Max RPM. Calculation restricts the modes in WLTP cycle

This point needs to be discussed.

India Views & Recommendations

India’s Views and RecommendationsItem Concern Recommendation

Acceleration 1. Acceleration is Too High in Low Middle and High Phases. Even with WOT condition, not able to meet the drive cycle

a. L& M Phase for <20kW Enginesb. H & ExH for <60kW Engines

2. Abrupt change in Acceleration and Deceleration

1. Moderate Accelerations for all phases so as not to penalize the small capacity engine vehicles. Accelerations should be around 1.1 m/s2 in line with the Road Data collected

2. Smoothening of drive cycle is necessary

Max Speed 1. Speed in all phases are high.2. Not possible for vehicles to

meet the max speed.3. Not in line with the Road Data

collected.

1. High Phase should be limited to 90 km/h

2. For EX H should be limited to 120 km/h as per current NEDC

Item Concern Recommendation

Gear Shifting & Tolerance on Driving Trace

1. Number of gear shift points throughout WLTP cycle are too high (i.e. for PC =80, LDCV =84) - Driver fatigue.

2. Harmonisation of gear change points – Comparison of vehicles on same pattern not possible.

1. To Reduce it similar to NEDC cycle (i.e. ~ 23 for both PC & LDVC

2. Uniform Gear Shift Pattern to be evolved for PC and LDCV to avoid multiplicity of tests

3. Driving trace tolerance of 3 % shall be changed to ± 3 km/h at all speeds considering the dynamic nature of proposed WLTP driving cycle.

India’s Views and Recommendations

• The present Harmonized Driving Cycle is – Very stringent on Compact Vehicles and <20kW Engine Capacity Vehicles.– Will result in a shift to vehicles with bigger engines just to meet Driving

Cycle, compromising on CO2 emissions and Fuel Consumption from Fleet.

Parameters India MIDC

Europe NEDC

Japan JC08

USA FTP75

India’s Proposal

World Harmonized

Cycle

Optional WLTP Cycle

Time in s 1180 1180 1204 1877 1477 1800

Distance, km 10.6 11.0 8.2 17.9 15 22.7

Max Speed, km/h 90 120 81.6 91.2 90 120

No. of Phases 2 2 1 3 3 4

India’s Views and Recommendations - Summary

Thank You