World Meteorological Organization Cg-17/Doc. 4.2.6(2)

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CONGRESS Submitted by: Secretary-GeneralDate: 8.I.2015

SEVENTEENTH SESSIONGeneva, 25 May to 12 June 2015

Original Language: English

Status: DRAFT 1

EXPECTED RESULT 4

AGENDA ITEM 4.2: WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WIGOS) AND WMO INFORMATION SYSTEM (WIS) – PRIORITY

THE GLOBAL CRYOSPHERE WATCH

SUMMARY

DECISIONS/ACTIONS REQUIRED:

(a) To provide further direction on the GCW implementation;

(b) Adopt draft Resolution 4.2.6(2)/1 – Global Cryosphere Watch;

(c) Financial implication: An estimated CHF 700 K is required to establish the GCW Project Office.

CONTENT OF DOCUMENT:

The Table of Contents is available only electronically as a Document Map*.APPENDIX A:

DRAFT TEXT FOR INCLUSION IN THE GENERAL SUMMARY

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4.2 WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) and WMO Information System (WIS) – Priority (agenda item 4.2)

4.2.6 WMO Polar and High Mountain Activities (agenda item 4.2.6)

………

Global Cryosphere Watch

4.2.6(2).1 Congress noted that in the light of Resolution 60 (Cg-XVI) – Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW), the Executive Council (EC) requested the EC Panel of Experts on Polar Observations, Research and Services (EC-PORS) to steer and monitor these activities. EC-PORS provided general direction in developing GCW and established the GCW Steering Group to provide detailed guidance and direction on GCW implementation, its further development, and oversight and management of the newly established GCW Working Teams.

4.2.6(2).2 Congress acknowledged the accomplishments made in the development of GCW and noted that following the request of Cg-XVI, the Global Cryosphere Watch Implementation Plan (GCW-IP) has been developed [see Cg-17/Doc. 4.2.6(3)]. Congress requested EC to implement GCW according to this Plan and to continue steering and monitoring the GCW implementation. Congress adopted Resolution 4.2.6(2)/1 (Cg-17) - Global Cryosphere Watch.

4.2.6(2).3 Congress, referring to the WMO Strategic Plan 2016-2019 [see Cg-17/Doc. 10.1], noted that Polar and High Mountain Regions activities, including the operationalizing of GCW, is one of the seven WMO Priorities. Congress requested EC, in consultation with all WMO and co-sponsored programmes, to mainstream GCW into the WMO programmatic structure. It also requested the Secretary-General to establish a GCW Project Office to support all GCW activities, including coordination with partners, monitoring of its implementation, reporting and follow-up actions.

4.2.6(2).4 Congress agreed that an immediate priority for GCW is to establish the core standardized network of GCW surface measurement sites referred to as “CryoNet”, which is one of the four WIGOS component observing systems. It appreciated that, through extensive collaboration with partners, more than 100 candidate sites were proposed for CryoNet out of which 14 were selected as the 2014 List of CryoNet stations (see Annex to this paragraph). Noting the importance of CryoNet for WIGOS and other WMO and co-sponsored Programmes, Congress requested EC-PORS and the GCW Steering Group to continue evaluating the remaining and new sites and to submit the list of stations for approval by EC in 2016.

4.2.6(2).5 Congress noted that the GCW high level practices were included in the WIGOS section of the WMO Technical Regulations and Manual on WIGOS [see Cg-17/Doc. 4.2.2(1) and Cg-17/Doc. 4.2.2(2)]. It requested CBS to collaborate with the GCW Steering Group and its Teams in developing best observing practices for CryoNet and other GCW contributing sites and include them in the further updates of the Manual on WIGOS.

4.2.6(2).6 Congress noted with appreciation the efforts of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute in developing a WIS compliant GCW Data Portal to allow for easy access to cryospheric data and information. With this in mind, Congress agreed with plans for the GCW Data Portal to become a WIS DCPC. It stressed the need for GCW to accommodate historical data and make sure that such data could be accessible through the GCW Portal.

4.2.6(2).7 Congress noted with appreciation that the GCW information website has been developed and implemented by the United States of America with a view of providing a centralized point of access to all information on GCW development and implementation. It recognized that a

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number of initial products, such as “snow anomaly trackers” for snow equivalent, are already available on the GCW website and requested EC to further expand the scope of GCW products and to provide guidance for the future “authoritative” products.

4.2.6(2).8 Congress noted that GCW is truly cross-cutting through weather, climate and water and that it is a total system from observations to services. It requested EC to ensure the active participation and representation of the principal bodies concerned and also the participation, as appropriate, of technical experts and representatives of agencies undertaking observing and research initiatives relevant to the cryosphere. While the majority of current stakeholders come from the research community, it is important to recognize that GCW will facilitate the transition from research to operations when and where feasible. It agreed that for the implementation of GCW, a close partnership between research institutions and operational agencies is imperative.

4.2.6(2).9 Congress stressed that GCW should support prediction projects, such as the Global Integrated Polar Prediction System (GIPPS) which includes the WWRP Polar Prediction Project (PPP) and the WCRP Polar Climate Predictability Initiative (PCPI), through collaboration on data needs and applications. This interaction is reflected in both the GCW-IP and on the GCW website.

4.2.6(2).10 Congress recognized the need for communicating the importance of GCW to Members, noting that cryosphere activities often extend beyond NMHSs to other national agencies and institutions. Communication with the Permanent Representatives (PRs) of Member countries with WMO needs to draw their attention to the importance of GCW activities to, for example, water resources, climate services and the modelling communities.

4.2.6(2).11 Congress agreed that cryosphere data and products support the development and delivery of climate, weather and water services by Members, including in the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) priority areas of food security, water, health, and disaster risk reduction. In this regard, GCW should provide information for decision-making and policy development related to climate, water and weather, for use in real-time, for climate change adaptation and mitigation, and for risk management. In this way, GCW will provide foundational support to the GFCS, as well as other WMO and international programmes

4.2.6(2).12 Congress requested EC to ensure GCW is supported by effective capacity development activities to respond to the needs at national and regional levels. For developing and the least developed countries this should ensure access to, and effective utilization of, observations, data and products, related technologies and new knowledge.

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Annex to paragraph 4.2.6(2).4 of the general summary

2014 List of Stations of CryoNet

ID Station Elevation Country Region Type

1 Sodankylä 180 m Finland Europe Integrated

2 Zackenberg 0-1500 m Denmark Greenland Integrated

3 Sonnblick 3105 m Austria Europe Integrated

4 Davos 1500-3200 m Switzerland Europe Integrated

5 SIGMA-A 1490 m Denmark Greenland Baseline

6 PROMICE (20+ stations across Greenland) 270-1850 m Denmark Greenland Baseline

7 Eureka 10 m Canada North America Reference

8 Barrow 11 m USA, Alaska North America Reference

9 Tiksi n/a Russia Russia Integrated

10 Cape Baranova 30 m Russia Russia Baseline

11 Tianshan 2130 m China Asia Integrated

12 Mt. Everest 5210 m China Asia Baseline

13 Yakutsk 220 m Russia Russia Integrated

14 Dome C 3233 m n/a Antarctica Reference

Note: By clicking on the station Name, the Site specific metadata can be viewed.

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APPENDIX B: DRAFT RESOLUTION

Draft Resolution 4.2.6(2)/1 (Cg-17)

GLOBAL CRYOSPHERE WATCH (GCW)

THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CONGRESS,

Noting:

(1) Resolution 60 (Cg-XVI) – Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW),

(2) The Sixteenth Congress decision to develop the Global Cryosphere Watch as an IPY legacy with the goal of achieving an operational GCW,

(3) That the GCW working structure has been initiated and significant progress has been made towards an operational GCW, including building the core, standardized GCW observing network - CryoNet,

(4) The GCW Implementation Plan developed under the auspices of the Executive Council,

Considering:

(1) The cryosphere is global, existing in various forms spanning all latitudes and occurring in approximately one hundred countries in addition to the Antarctic continent,

(2) The cryosphere is an integrative element within the climate system and provides one of the most useful indicators of climate change, yet it is arguably the most under-sampled domain in the climate system,

(3) Cryosphere-related feedbacks in the amplification of climate change cause impacts on weather, climate and hydrology globally,

(4) The cryosphere, its changes and their impacts, has received increased scientific scrutiny and continuous attention by decision-makers and coverage by the media creating an unparalleled demand for authoritative information on past, present and future states of the world’s snow and ice resources,

(5) The GCW is a significant component of the World Meteorological Organization Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) and the WMO Information System (WIS), particularly in promoting interoperable and reference observations, and near real-time data and information exchange,

(6) The GCW is recognized as a significant contribution to developing and implementing cryosphere observations and services within the Global Framework on Climate Services (GFCS),

(7) The GCW can only succeed by working with WMO Members and with other organizations which have cryospheric interests,

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(8) That the development of GCW has progressed with the limited resources allocated by Cg-XVI and with support from extrabudgetary resources,

Appreciating:

(1) The important contributions Members, international partner organizations and programmes make towards the development of GCW,

(2) The relevant work undertaken by Members, the Executive Council, regional associations, technical commissions, the EC Panel of Experts on Polar Observations, Research and Services (EC-PORS) on the development and implementation of the GCW initiative launched by Sixteenth Congress,

(3) The contributions of Members to the PORS Trust Fund in support of GCW development,

Decides to mainstream and implement GCW in WMO Programmes as a cross-cutting activity;

Decides further that implementation activities will be undertaken during the next financial period as one of the major efforts of the Organization with the goal that GCW should become operational;

Invites partner organizations to:

(1) Collaborate with WMO on the implementation of the GCW;

(2) Support the implementation of GCW by providing both human and financial resources;

Requests the Executive Council to:

(1) Establish a mechanism to steer and monitor the activity and to achieve the broadest possible collaboration and cooperation;

(2) Ensure the active participation and representation of the principal bodies concerned and also the participation, as appropriate, of technical experts and representatives of agencies undertaking observing and research initiatives relevant to the cryosphere;

Requests the regional associations and technical commissions to include this activity in their work programmes in order to fully accommodate the cross-programme nature of GCW;

Urges Members:

(1) To develop their observing systems to support the observing component of GCW;

(2) To coordinate their WIGOS and WIS implementation activities with GCW implementation;

(3) To provide experts to participate in the GCW-related work of EC-PORS and technical commissions;

(4) To provide both human and financial resources to help support the implementation of GCW;

(5) To support regional and global GCW implementation activities, including the establishment of the operational CryoNet, the core, standardized GCW Network;

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(6) To keep the Secretary-General informed about their GCW implementation activities;

(7) To share relevant experience and cooperate with one another in implementing GCW, including assistance to Members with specific GCW implementation needs;

Requests the Secretary-General:

(1) To ensure management of, and provide support to, the implementation of the GCW;

(2) To establish a GCW Coordination/Project Office;

(3) To coordinate and collaborate GCW activities with the United Nations system organizations and other relevant international organizations and programmes.

__________

__________

Note: This resolution replaces Resolution 60 (Cg-XVI), which is no longer in force.

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APPENDIX C: PROGRESS REPORT FOR INFORMATION –

NOT TO BE INCLUDED IN THE GENERAL SUMMARY

GLOBAL CRYOSPHERE WATCH

References:

1. Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress (WMO-No. 1077), paragraphs 11.9.15 to 11.9.17, Annex XIV and Resolution 60 (Cg-XVI) – Global Cryosphere Watch

2. Final report of the First session of the GCW Steering Group, Reykjavik, Iceland, 23-24 January 2014

3. Final report of the Fifth session of the Executive Council Panel of Experts on Polar Observations, Research, and Services (EC-PORS), Wellington, New Zealand, 25-28 February 2014

4. Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Sixty-sixth Session of the Executive Council (EC-66) (WMO-No. 1136)

5. Final report of the Second session of the GCW Steering Group, Copenhagen, Denmark, 21-23 January 2015

6. Cg-17/Doc. 4.2.6(3) – Global Cryosphere Watch Implementation Plan

7. Cg-17/Doc. 4.2.2(2) – WIGOS - Technical Regulations

8. Cg-17/Doc. 4.2.2(3) – Manual on WIGOS

9. Cg-17/Doc. 10.1 – WMO Strategic Plan 2016-2019

10. Global Cryosphere Watch Information website

11. Global Cryosphere Watch Data Portal

Introduction

1. Cg-XVI decided to embark on the development of the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) as an IPY legacy with a view towards achieving an operational GCW and requested the Executive Council to establish a mechanism to steer and monitor the activity and to achieve the broadest possible collaboration and cooperation. The EC Panel of Experts on Polar Observations, Research and Services (EC-PORS), on behalf of the Executive Council, has oversight for WMO Polar Activities, including GCW. Until GCW is mainstreamed in WMO Programmes as a cross-cutting activity and the new GCW Programme is adopted at the Eighteenth Congress, the Executive Council continues to be the responsible governing body for GCW further development and implementation.

2. Polar and High Mountain Regions, including operationalizing of GCW, is recognized as one of the seven WMO Priorities in the WMO Strategic Plan 2016-2019 (see Reference 9).

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3. The development of GCW has been achieved though the extensive collaboration with partners within the Cryosphere community through the series of implementation workshops, namely: the 1st GCW Implementation Meeting, Geneva, 21-24 November 2011; the 1st CryoNet Workshop (November 2012, Vienna, Austria); the 1st Snow Watch Workshop, Canada, 20-30 January 2013; the 1st CryoNet Workshop for Asia (December 2013, Beijing, China); and 1st CryoNet Workshop for South America (Santiago, Chile, 27-29 October 2014).

4. Remarkable achievements were delivered in a short period of time due to the work of experts within EC-PORS and experts from the subsequently formed working structure of the GCW and through the coordination meeting of GCW teams, namely: (a) the 1st GCW Steering Group meeting (Reykjavik, Iceland, January 2014; (b) Joint meeting of the CryoNet Team and Portal and Website Team, Davos, Switzerland, June 2014; (c) 2nd CryoNet Team meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark, January 2015; 2nd GCW Steering Group meeting (Copenhagen, Denmark, January 2015).

5. GCW is being developed to build on what exists currently by engaging other communities and by adding value through a standardized (best practices) approach to monitoring and presentation of “authoritative” products to users. GCW is not assuming the mandate of others.

6. As outlined in the GCW-IP, GCW is being developed and implemented in four phases:, (a) Definition Phase (2007-2011), ending by Cg-XVI decision to embark on the development of the GCW; (b) Development Phase (2012-2015), ending with a decision of Cg-17 to proceed with the implementation of GCW according to the GCW-IP; (c) Implementation Phase (2016-2019), ending by Cg-18 recognition that all implementation task have been achieved and decision to enter the operational phase; and (d) Operational phase (2020 onward).

GCW structure

7. The initial development of GCW followed the Cg-XVI agreed GCW Implementation Strategy (see Reference 1) that has evolved into the GCW Implementation Plan (GCW-IP, Reference 6) through consultation with respective technical commissions, regional associations, the relevant international organizations, institutions and partners. This was done under the auspices of EC-PORS (see Reference 3) and reported to the EC on a yearly basis.

8. The Conceptual Framework for GCW operations, described in the GCW Implementation Strategy was adapted by EC-PORS according to the feedback received from the focal points of Members, various partners and technical commissions. Within this Framework an initial GCW working structure has been put in place to take urgent steps in developing GCW.

9. After two years of preparatory work led by the Observations Task Team of EC-PORS, consultations with partners and user communities, the GCW Steering Group (GSG) was formed in early 2014 (see Reference 2) with a view not only to provide guidance and general direction on GCW implementation and its further development, but also to provide oversight and management of the GCW Teams. The members of GSG have been selected from three categories: (a) WMO Member countries with well-developed cryospheric programmes; (b) WMO Technical Commissions and Regional Associations with well-developed cryospheric programmes; and (c) partner organizations, groupings and entities that are active in cryospheric observations, research and services. Dr Árni Snorrason (Iceland) and Dr Barry Goodison (Canada) were selected as the Chairperson and the Vice-chairperson of GSG, respectively.

10. Six main GCW Teams have been established and their Terms of Reference agreed by EC-PORS, namely: (a) CryoNet Team; (b) Infrastructure and Practices Team; (c) Requirements and Capabilities Team; (d) Products Team; (e) Portal and Website Team; and (f) Outreach Team. Under the Products Team, the Snow Watch Group was established and similarly under the Portal and Website Team, the Metadata and Terminology Group was established.

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11. CryoNet has been recognized as one of the four component observing systems of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS). GCW experts developed GCW-related practices for inclusion into the WMO Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49, Volume I) and the Manual on WIGOS (see References 7 and 8). In this regard, the GSG is committed to collaborate closely with ICG-WIGOS Teams, especially in the areas of best practices relevant to observing, quality of data, collection and distribution of data and metadata, data centres, as well as management practices. It has to be recognized that GCW includes partner observing systems and the issue of how they put and retrieve data through WIS will be considered under the WIGOS umbrella for GCW to be successful.

CryoNet

12. One of the immediate priorities in GCW development and implementation is to establish the core, standardized network of GCW surface measurement sites that is called CryoNet (see Reference 2). CryoNet, which is still being developed, is comprised of sites with varying capabilities. It builds on existing cryosphere observing programmes and promotes the addition of standardized cryospheric observations to existing facilities in order to create more robust environmental observatories. See http://globalcryospherewatch.org/cryonet/ for more information.

13. The CryoNet Team, under the chairmanship of Dr Wolfgang Schöner (Austria), performed major activities aiming at establishing the operational CryoNet. These comprise the development of: (a) the generic GCW guidelines called “Primer to GCW CryoNet”; (b) the Site Questionnaire for providing detailed information on potential GCW surface network sites and for updating information on current sites; (c) the cryosphere station inventory; (d) the site selection criteria for CryoNet; and (e) the inventory of observing practices currently in use.

14. CryoNet can only be successful in close collaboration with all organizations, agencies, groupings and entities active in the cryospheric monitoring from both operational and scientific communities. It strongly relies on WMO and its experience in standardization of practices, but Partnership is critical.

15. CryoNet is a core network, it needs to be global and a work has started to identify suitable sites, which would provide appropriate global representation. Currently fourteen stations (or sites) have been selected for CryoNet, see: http://globalcryospherewatch.org/cryonet/stations.php for details. Currently, there are more than 100 candidate stations that will be evaluated according to the established criteria by the CryoNet Team experts, mainly through the Site Questionnaire provided by site managers, see: http://globalcryospherewatch.org/cryonet/questionnaire/. Once the list of stations of CryoNet will be considered by the GSG and EC-PORS, it will be submitted to the Executive Council for adoption. The Permanent Representatives of Member countries with WMO will be involved in this process similarly to the adoption of the Antarctic Observing Network (AntON). CryoNet will be a living network; however, a minimum commitment of a four year period will be required for a station to become a part of CryoNet.

16. Based on the feedback from regions, the GSG proposed that there may be a regional extension to CryoNet, such as CryoNet-Asia and CroyNet-Latin America. However, this development will be driven by respective regional groups according to WMO Regions, as appropriate.

17. CryoNet does not include all of the observing sites and networks that would contribute to GCW. It has to be recognized that several networks already exist that will contribute to GCW, such as those of the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) and International Permafrost Association (IPA). Also many Members of WMO are already part of the larger GCW network through their sites measuring e.g., snow depth, snow fall, solid precipitation.

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18. Three types of sites are envisioned, based on the measured cryospheric components, complementary measurements, and the length of record: “baseline”, “reference”, and “integrated” sites. Baseline and references sites generally only measure properties of the cryosphere, though basic surface meteorology might be included. Reference sites have a long-term (at least 10 years) record and are especially important as sites for satellite product and model calibration/validation. Integrated sites measure a robust set of cryospheric variables, as well as characteristics of additional spheres of Earth (e.g., atmosphere, biosphere), depending on the location. They may, however, be comprised of multiple sites in a homogenous region. They are particularly important for the study of feedbacks and complex interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, biosphere and ocean.

Measurement Practices

19. While an inventory of measurement methods and practices currently in use has been initiated, it has to be noted that the development and documentation of the GCW agreed practices will take more time. GCW is drawing on existing measurement methods where possible and where a scientific consensus has been or can be reached. An initial inventory can be found at http://globalcryospherewatch.org/cryonet/methods.html. The CryoNet Team will lead the development of CryoNet measurement practices in collaboration with the Infrastructure and Practices Team. The Infrastructure and Practices Team will also address measurement practices for the broader GCW surface network, which includes CryoNet and contributing sites.

Observational Requirements

20. GCW observational requirements are being formulated. They draw from various sets of existing user requirements and will be vetted by the scientific community. Eventually, they will become part of the WIGOS Rolling Review of Requirements (RRR) and will be accessible through the Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool (OSCAR), the official source for WMO requirements, which has a cryosphere theme (see: http://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/obs_requirements.php).

21. The GCW Requirements and Capabilities Team will ensure the coordination with the Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool (OSCAR) database, which will be the official repository of requirements for observation of physical variables in support of WMO and Co-sponsored Programmes.

Snow Watch

22. Important deliverables were made by the Snow Watch Group (co-chaired by Dr Kari Luojus (Finland) and Ross Brown (Canada)), working under the GCW Product Team. This Group is working on evaluation/intercomparison of satellite snow products, on global snow data rescue activity; on the development of the hemispheric “snow anomaly trackers" for snow cover extent (SCE) and snow water equivalent (SWE); on the development of the inventory of existing snow datasets; on standardization of snow-related nomenclature; and on improving near real-time snow depth observation on the GTS/WIS.

23. New daily anomaly trackers, developed by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Environment Canada, for near real-time monitoring of SCE and SWE at global to continental scales are available on GCW website: http://globalcryospherewatch.org/satellites/trackers.html. Satellite, in-situ and operational NWP analyses contribute to the development of these snow products. In order to be “authoritative”, tracker products will be intercompared through experiments such as the Satellite Snow Products intercomparison and Evaluation Exercise (SnowPEX) project initiated by GCW and led by ESA.

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Intercomparisons and Assessments of Products

24. Intercomparison is required to assess product quality (uncertainty, bias, error correlation), and to isolate algorithm/methodological weaknesses especially for satellite products with independent external reference measurements (in-situ, airborne, etc.). Therefore, GCW will engage in validation, characterization of errors, estimation of absolute biases, sources of uncertainty etc. to ensure data quality.

25. The Polar Space Task Group (PSTG), established under the auspices of the WMO and its EC-PORS, has a mandate to provide coordination across space agencies to facilitate acquisition and distribution of fundamental satellite datasets, and to contribute to or support development of specific derived products in support of cryospheric scientific research and applications. With this in mind, the interaction between PSTG and GCW is mainly through the GCW Requirements and Capability Team. In this regard, some reference and integrated CryoNet sites will be engaged in satellite product validation.

Data Portal and Website

26. GCW data and information are available to WMO Members, their partners, and users through two components. One component, the GCW information website, provides project information, near real-time graphics illustrating the state of the cryosphere, scientific assessments, cryosphere news, observational requirements, measurement standards, and documents (see Reference 10). The GCW information website has been developed and implemented. The purpose of the website is to provide a centralized point of access for background and operational information, observational user requirements, the state of the cryosphere, news and “hot topics”, meeting information, GCW documents, outreach material, a description of the contributing observing networks and their capabilities, information on standards and best practices, and data policies. It also links to the GCW Data Portal.

27. The other component is the GCW Data Portal (see Reference 11). The main purposes of the GCW Portal are: (a) to provide an overview of datasets relevant to GCW; (b) to provide access to datasets wherever possible (e.g. real time data streams, archive access); and (c) to connect GCW with the WMO Information System (WIS) and WMO Global Telecommunication System (GTS) when real time exchange of data is requested by the GCW community. The intention is to establish the GCW Data Portal as a WIS Data Collection and Production Centre (DCPC) and to rely on WIS and WIGOS efforts for standardizing the metadata that are submitted to WMO. GCW data management follows a metadata-driven approach where datasets are described through metadata exchanged between contributing data centres and the GCW catalogue.

28. The GCW web portal has been developed by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (METNO), building on their web-based tool for searching data. IPY data centres/portals, such as METNO, Canadian Cryosphere Information Network (CCIN), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) are already interoperable. This approach will facilitate seamless access with NMHSs (primarily utilizing WIS) and external data centres holding relevant cryospheric data and information at the national or global scale.

Collaboration and Partnership

29. More than 30 WMO Members have provided focal points for the development of GCW. The focal points are formally nominated by the Members’ Permanent Representatives with WMO and there may be more than one per country. Focal points may be from within or from outside the Member’s National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS), thus recognizing that other bodies may have operational and/or research responsibilities for the cryosphere.

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30. GCW is engaging with WMO and co-sponsored programmes, technical commissions, regional associations, inter-governmental bodies, and scientific bodies that have cryospheric interests and responsibilities.

31. WMO and partners individually and collectively contribute to GCW’s mission and objectives. Collaboration, cooperation and commitment are essential to successful conduct of GCW activities at the international, regional and national levels. From the very beginning of GCW, partnerships were being developed, with government agencies and other institutions that measure, monitor, or archive cryosphere data and information from in-situ and satellite research and operational networks and model sources, and with international bodies and services involved in cryospheric observations, services, or research. These include, but are not limited to, the International Permafrost Association (IPA), the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), a service of the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS), the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), International Ice Charting Working Group (IICWG) and the US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Additionally, international organizations, such as the International Council for Science (ICSU), the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO, and regional bodies such as the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) are being engaged in the development and implementation of GCW.

32. EC-PORS has facilitated engagement of organizations with polar interests in the development of GCW, especially: the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), and SCAR. Through the EC-PORS Antarctic Task Team, GCW has direct linkages to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM). At its thirty-seventh session, ATCM welcomed the development of GCW. WMO’s Polar Space Task Group (PSTG), which reports through EC-PORS, provides engagement with CEOS and major satellite operators like ASI, CNES, CMA, CSA, DLR, ESA, EUMETSAT, INPE, JAXA, NASA, NOAA, and USGS.

33. Programmes such as GCOS, GOOS and GTOS (the Global Climate, Ocean, and Terrestrial Observing Systems) have contributed to the development of GCW. GTOS and GCOS, currently through the Terrestrial Observations Panel for Climate (TOPC), guide the development of global terrestrial networks for climate (GTNs), namely for permafrost, glaciers, hydrology, run-off, and lakes (GTN-P, GTN-G, GTN-H, GTN-R, GTN-L, respectively). GCW is working with the GCOS Secretariat, GCOS Panels and implementing bodies. The Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM), particularly through its Expert Team on Sea Ice and the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP) are contributing to the development of the sea ice observing component of GCW. Additional contributions on sea ice measurements and polar ocean observing systems will come from regional organizations such as the Arctic Ocean Science Board (AOSB), EuroGOOS, and the newly established Arctic GOOS Regional Alliance, and professional consortia like the International Ice Charting Working Group.

Capacity Development

34. GCW will develop an effective capacity development strategy that will respond to the needs at national and regional levels, as identified by Members, which would assist all countries in improving and sustaining observation and exchange of cryospheric data and information. For developing and the least developed countries this should ensure access to, and effective utilization of, observations, data and products, related technologies and new knowledge.

Funding, Support and Project Office

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35. The Sixteenth WMO Congress approved basic support of CHF 350 K from the WMO regular budget (RB) for the GCW development for the period 2012-2015. This was supported by funds provided by donors to EC-PORS Trust Fund, as well as limited resources from the OBS Department regular budget. In addition, major in-kind contributions were provided by Norway for the development of the GCW Portal and by the US for the development and operation of the GCW website. Other in-kind contributions were provided by Austria, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Iceland and Switzerland towards the organization and financial support of GCW meetings. This funding enabled the development of GCW to-date.

36. Further development and implementation, however, requires extensive coordination of GCW implementation activities. EC-PORS agreed that a GCW Project Office be established in the WMO Secretariat to support all GCW activities, including coordination with partners, monitoring of implementation, reporting and follow-up actions. It will provide support to national focal points and activities and will liaise with WMO and external programs and groups. The Office should coordinate GCW inclusion in existing observing activities at the international and national levels and align its processes with their activities and frameworks. The Office shall also pursue active linkages with WMO Programmes and with relevant international organizations.

37. In the seventeenth financial period (2016-2019), some CHF 800 K would be required for staff costs (project officer or temporary staff/consultants) and some CHF 600 K for activities. Approximately half of this sum should come from the regular budget and half from donations to the EC-PORS Trust Fund for GCW.

38. The GCW will also be using regional funding opportunities to seek additional funds for regional and international activities, such as Horizon 2020 in Europe.

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