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Martinick Bosch Sell Pty Ltd 4 Cook Street West Perth WA 6005 Ph: (08) 9226 3166 Fax: (08) 9226 3177 Email: [email protected] Web www.mbsenvironmental.com.au

PREPARED BY:

MINERAL RESOURCES LIMITED

FEBRUARY 2018

WODGINA LITHIUM PROJECT PROCESS STREAMS GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT

PREPARED FOR:

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.mbsenvironmental.com.au/

Wodgina Process Streams Geochemical Assessment FINAL V2.docx

WODGINA PROJECT PROCESS STREAMS GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT

Distribution List:

Company Contact name Copies Date

Mineral Resources Limited Matthew Collier – Senior Environmental Advisor [1] 14 February 2018

Mineral Resources Limited David Temple-Smith – Senior Environmental Advisor

[1] 14 February 2018

Document Control for Job Number: MRLWTLA

Document Status Prepared By Authorised By Date

Draft Report Michael North Karen Ganza 1 February 2018

Final Report Gert du Plessis Michael North 5 February 2018

Amended Report Michael North David Allen 14 February 2018

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MINERAL RESOURCES LIMITED WODGINA PROJECT

PROCESS STREAMS GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT


TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................................................... 1

2. GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION METHODS ........................................................................................... 3

2.1 ACID FORMING WASTE CLASSIFICATION METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 3 2.2 LABORATORY METHODS ............................................................................................................................. 3 2.2.1 Acid Base Accounting ............................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.2 Elemental Composition ............................................................................................................................. 3 2.2.3 Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework Test Method 1313 ...................................................... 4 2.2.4 ASLP Leachate Characterisation.............................................................................................................. 4

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 ACID MINE DRAINAGE CHARACTERISATION .................................................................................................. 5 3.2 ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION.......................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 CALCULATION OF TOTAL ACTIVITY OF PROCESS STREAMS ........................................................................... 7 3.4 WATER LEACHATE CHARACTERISATION OF SPODUMENE TAILINGS ............................................................... 8 3.4.1 Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) US EPA Test Method 1313 ........................... 8 3.4.2 Leachate Assessment for Organic Process Chemicals .......................................................................... 10 3.4.3 ALSP Water Leachate Characterisation for Metals and Metalloids ........................................................ 11 3.5 TAILINGS PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND DUST POTENTIAL ................................................................... 13

4. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 14

5. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 16

6. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS ............................................................................................................ 17

TABLES Table 1: Calculated Activity of Process Streams .................................................................................................... 7

Table 2: Summary of LEAF Test Results by Element ............................................................................................ 8

APPENDICES Appendix 1: Collated Results

Appendix 2: US EPA SW-846 Test Method 1313 Results

Appendix 3: Laboratory Reports



Wodgina Process Streams Geochemical Assessment FINAL V2.docx 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

The Wodgina mine is located approximately 100 km south of Port Hedland. It was a significant, and at times the only, world source of tantalum since it was discovered in 1902. Tantalum and tin mined from the deposit were present as tantalite and cassiterite hosted within a pegmatitic host rock. Due to increasing value for lithium, the pegmatite host rock is now an economic resource for hard rock lithium (as spodumene), which is presently crushed to less than 50 mm and exported directly via Port Hedland. A new processing plant to concentrate the spodumene from pegmatite ore is planned. As part of processing to isolate the spodumene, Mineral Resources Limited (MRL) will generate a quartz/feldspar rich tailings material for placement into a suitably designed tailings storage facility (TSF). To support project approvals, MBS Environmental (MBS) was engaged to report on the geochemical properties of a representative sample of this tailings material collected from metallurgical trials for the separation of spodumene. Recent consultation with the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation (DWER) and Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (DMIRS) identified the need for further characterisation or information regarding the process streams (spodumene concentrate tailings material and possibly tantalum concentrate), including:

Tailings assessment for leachability at different pH values to show that it does not pose a risk to the surrounding environment. Specifically requested was assessment according to the Leachable Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) USEPA Test Method 1313 – pH Dependence.

Information on and comparison of particle size distribution of tailings compared to previous site tailings for dusting potential.

Radiological assessment to establish if a radiation management plan (RMP) and/or radiation transport management plan (RTMP) would be required.

The results and discussion outlined in this report primarily relate to proposed spodumene tailings from metallurgical separation of spodumene (for lithium). Some additional compositional information on produced (spodumene) or potentially produced (tantalum) concentrates is also provided where relevant. Previous tailings produced by historic tantalum/tin mining operations underwent a slightly different processing regime (and were sourced from a different portion (inner core) of the orebody) to current lithium process tailings sourced from the outer portions of the pegmatite intrusion. Previous tailings, although generally similar in total composition (as assessed previously for closure planning, MBS 2017), contain spodumene which was previously waste and is now the desired product. In addition, previous tailings had some differences in water solubility of some elements compared to the proposed process tailings and were found to differ in composition by location across two rounds of sampling (MBS 2017).

1.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF WORK

The primary objective of the study was to determine the potential for acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD), neutral or saline drainage to occur from proposed spodumene process tailings material and identify whether it poses any significant risks to the surrounding environment when placed in a TSF. Data from other process streams including the concentrate were collated to address specific questions raised by DWER/DMIRS. The scope of work involved:

Liaison with MRL for the collection and submission of a representative sample of spodumene process tailings from metallurgical trials to laboratories for the following analysis:

Total carbon, sulfur and pH. These analytes provided a screening tool to assess whether further analysis of acid base accounting parameters was required.




Acid base accounting (ABA) parameters (if required based on above screening) including extractable sulfate sulfur, net acid generation (NAG) and acid neutralising capacity (ANC).

Total metals and metalloids composition by four acid digestion (essentially total digestion).

Leachates under conditions of the LEAF test (USEPA Test Method 1313 – pH Dependence) for metals and metalloids extracted on a 1:10 solid to solution ratio at nine different pH values in the range of pH 2 to 13. This test aims to assess the solubility of metals and metalloids across the pH range and gives an indication of the environmental risk should such pH conditions prevail.

Leachates under neutral, weakly acidic and weakly alkaline conditions (three leachates) using a 1:20 extraction ratio, according to the Australian Standard Leaching Procedure (ASLP 4439.3), for metals and metalloids. This test assesses metals and metalloids mobilised by any potential seepage under these conditions and indicate any associated environmental risk.

Prepare a brief report outlining relevant geochemical properties, including the potential for acid formation and saline and neutral leaching of environmentally significant metals and/or metalloids to the surrounding environment.

Briefly comment based on total concentrations of elements on the radioactivity of the materials and need for management under a radiation management plan.

Briefly compare particle size distribution and likely differences in dust generation of spodumene process tailings to the historical tantalum process tailings produced at Wodgina.

Full assessment for environmental purposes of the exported products (spodumene concentrate and potentially tantalum concentrate) is not part of the scope of works as these streams will not remain on site and considered highly insoluble. Available elemental composition has been collated for comparison and radiological assessment.




2. GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION METHODS

2.1 ACID FORMING WASTE CLASSIFICATION METHODOLOGY

There is no simple method to define whether mine waste containing small quantities of sulfur will produce sulfuric acid. Sulfide minerals are variable in their behaviour under oxidising conditions and not all forms will produce sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Instead, a combination of approaches is often applied to more accurately classify mine waste. These approaches are listed below in order of increasing data requirements (and therefore increased reliability):

The “Analysis Concept”, which only requires data for total sulfur content. Its adoption is based on long term experience of hard rock wastes from Western Australian mine sites in arid and semi-arid conditions. Experience has shown that waste rock and tailings containing very low sulfur contents (0.3%) rarely produce significant amounts of acidic seepage.

The “Ratio Concept”, which compares the relative proportions of acid neutralising minerals (measured by the Acid Neutralisation Capacity - ANC) to acid generating minerals (measured by the Acid Production Potential (AP)). Experience has shown that the risk of generating acidic seepage is generally low when this ratio (the Neutralisation Potential Ratio – NPR) is above a value of two.

Acid-Base Accounting (ABA), in which the calculated value for Nett Acid Producing Potential (NAPP) is used to classify the acid generating potential of mine waste. NAPP is equal to the AP minus the ANC.

Procedures recommended by AMIRA (2002), which take into consideration measured values provided by the NAG test and calculated NAPP values.

Kinetic leaching column test data, which provides information for the relative rates of acid generation under controlled laboratory conditions, intended to simulate those within a waste rock stockpile or tailings storage facility.

A sound knowledge of geological and geochemical processes must also be employed in the application of the above methods. ABA accounting methods are outlined in full in AMIRA (2002), DIIS (2016) and the ‘GARD’ guide (INAP 2009).

2.2 LABORATORY METHODS

A composite sample of representative spodumene process tailings material resulting from process separation of spodumene from pegmatite was prepared by Trilab (Queensland) and submitted to ALS Laboratories Brisbane (Queensland). The sample description was indicated as ‘Pod 2, P80 0.212 mm’ which indicates the material is a fine powder (80% passing 212 micron). Descriptions of the methods of analysis for this study are indicated in the following sections. Results and laboratory reports are collated in Appendix 1 and Appendix 3.

2.2.1 Acid Base Accounting

Sample analysis was performed by ALS Laboratories Brisbane (Queensland). Total sulfur and carbon was analysed by combustion analysis. Sulfate sulfur was measured by extraction with 4 M hydrochloric acid with heating. Testing for ANC and NAG (single addition) was conducted in accordance with standard techniques (AMIRA 2002).

2.2.2 Elemental Composition

Elemental composition was also performed by ALS Brisbane following four acid digestion of a finely ground coarse rejects sample for the following elements: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, K,




La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr. This method is a near total determination for the elements measured. Results of similar total analysis by X-Ray Fluorescence or four acid digestion were also supplied to MBS for the spodumene concentrate (Nagrom, Kelmscott WA) and previously produced (Global Advanced Metals) tantalum concentrate. From this data, the global abundance index (GAI) for each element can be calculated by comparison to the average earth crustal abundance (Bowen 1979 and AIMM 2001). The main purpose of the GAI is to provide an indication of any elemental enrichment that could be of environmental significance. The GAI (based on a log-2 scale) is expressed in integer increments from zero to six (GARD Guide). A GAI of zero indicates that the content of the element is less than or up to three times the average crustal abundance; a GAI of one corresponds to a three to six fold enrichment; a GAI of two corresponds to a six to 12 fold enrichment and so forth, up to a GAI of six which corresponds to a 96-fold, or greater, enrichment above average crustal abundances. A GAI of more than three is considered significant and may warrant further investigation.

2.2.3 Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework Test Method 1313

The Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) comprises four different leachate assessment methods and is currently being evaluated for assessment of waste derived materials in Western Australia. DWER advocates adoption of one of these tests (US EPA SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, Test Method 1313 (pH Dependence)) for characterisation of mine wastes. Test Method 1313 determines how liquid-solid partitioning varies with the pH (nine different pH values) of the leaching solution using a parallel batch extraction method. The spodumene tailings sample was analysed by MPL Envirolab Laboratories using USEPA Test Method 1313, which involves parallel batch extraction with nine solutions (including natural pH) at a solid to liquid extraction ratio of 1:10, with final pH values between 2 and 13 pH units. Each filtered extract solution was analysed for 19 metals and metalloids by ICP, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble fluoride using an Ion Specific Electrode. Results are provided in Appendix 2 with laboratory report in Appendix 3.

2.2.4 ASLP Leachate Characterisation

Leachate characterisation was also performed for the spodumene process tailings sample in 1:20 extraction ratio ASLP extracts by ALS Laboratories according to the ASLP 4439.3 using de-ionised water (natural pH), alkali extract solution (0.001 M potassium hydroxide, starting pH 10) and dilute acid (acetic acid, starting pH 2.9). This leachate was analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), fluoride (by ion selective electrode) and a range of metals/metalloids: Al , As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, Tl, U, V, Zn. Ag and Ba results were taken from analysis reported by ARL (WA) of a separate subsample of tailings. The DI water extraction is intended to predict the range of elements and concentrations that may leach from the material under neutral rainfall conditions. Analytical finish was via inductively coupled plasma (ICP) or other methods as given in the laboratory report in Appendix 3.




3. RESULT S AND D ISCUSSION

3.1 ACID M INE DRAINAGE CHARACTERISATION

Laboratory results for ABA parameters of the tailings sample is collated in Table A1-1 of Appendix 1. Original laboratory reports are included in Appendix 3. The measured sulfur concentration of the tailings was low (0.14%, 0.028% as sulfate sulfur). The measured ANC 2.1 kg H2SO4/t) of the material was extremely low and sufficient oxidisable sulfur was present to produce a marginally positive NAPP of 1.3 kg H2SO4/t and a NAG pH of 3.9 which classifies the tailings as potentially acid forming (PAF) low capacity (low capacity because NAPP is less than 10 kg H2SO4/tonne). This classification is shown in Chart 1 below where the four quadrants are marked as NAF (non-acid forming), PAF and UC (Uncertain) and NAG pH 4.5 forms the dividing pH line between these quadrants. Mineralogy was not assessed in the current work; however previous work has shown that ore material for spodumene production (pegmatite) is primarily comprised of unreactive quartz, feldspars, mica and spodumene. It has very low to no oxidisable sulfur or ANC and hence can be termed ‘barren’. The presence of some oxidisable sulfur in the tailings sample is most likely attributable to inclusion of portions of surrounding host rocks in sample selection for processing which have reported to the tailings material. The absence of any significant ANC and rapid laboratory oxidation results in the overall material thus classifying as PAF-low capacity. Under actual site conditions the material may not have sufficient oxidisable sulfur and weathering rates to produce net acid conditions (and this is also dependent on feed ore quality). The total potential acid generation (NAPP) of 1.3 kg H2SO4/t is also very low in AMD terms; however, it should be treated as having the potential to do so given the fine particle size if allowed to have prolonged exposure. Conversely it can be noted that previous results (Samples 1 and 2, MBS 2017) for NAG pH of two samples of tantalum process tailings from TSF3 tested with generally similar properties, did not indicate potential for acid formation (NAG pH 6.2 and 6.8 respectively).

Chart 1 : AMD Plot Classi f ication of Wodgina Process Tai l ings

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

NA

Gp

H

NAPP (kg H2SO4/t)

NAG pH 4.5 Wodgina Prcoess Tailings

UC

PAF

NAF

UC




3.2 ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION

Table A1-2 of Appendix 1 presents heavy metal and metalloid compositions for the Wodgina spodumene process tailings sample. Elemental compositions of the spodumene (from current metallurgical work) and tantalum (primarily from previous production assay) concentrates to be produced at Wodgina were also provided by MRL for consideration (Table A1-3 and Table A1-4, Appendix 1). Table A1-5 of Appendix 1 presents calculated GAI values for these samples, as outlined in Section 2.2.2. Examination of the total element concentrations and the corresponding GAI values of the spodumene tailings – which of primary interest for disposal on site within the TSF indicated the following key points:

Significant enrichment (GAI value of three or more) in beryllium, bismuth, caesium, lithium, rubidium, antimony, molybdenum, tin, tantalum, and thallium. With the possible exception of molybdenum (which depends on the orebody), these elements are all naturally elevated in pegmatite lithologies and are also normally present in highly insoluble forms.

A GAI for tellurium could not be accurately calculated as the concentration was reported as <0.05 mg/kg versus a very low crustal abundance value of 0.001 mg/kg. Tantalum was also reported as being >100 mg/kg versus a crustal abundance of 2 mg/kg (GAI of 5 assumes 100 mg/kg).

Low concentrations of common rock forming elements (calcium and magnesium), but close to global abundance concentrations of potassium (2.0% versus global abundance average of 2.1%) and sodium (3.1% versus global abundance average of 2.3%). Elevated concentrations of alkali elements (sodium and potassium) and lower concentrations of alkaline earth elements (calcium and magnesium) are consistent with typical compositions of quartz-alkali feldspar pegmatites.

Very low concentrations of environmentally significant metals and metalloids including arsenic, selenium, cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, zinc and lead. Most concentrations were below the laboratory reporting limit.

No enrichment of uranium and thorium, which were at or below crustal averages. The elemental composition of the spodumene process tailings sample is typical of pegmatite mineralisation, and in particular the geochemical enrichment for singly charged elements (e.g. caesium, rubidium and thallium) which are substituted (for potassium) in the mineral framework of feldspars and micas and normally highly insoluble. Enriched elements in the spodumene and tantalum concentrates generally matched those outlined above for the tailings, but at higher concentrations. Key differences were:

Significant enrichment of tungsten in the tantalum (262 mg/kg) and spodumene (355 mg/kg) concentrates, versus the tailings (4 mg/kg).

Enrichment (GAI value of three or more), of niobium (7,123 mg/kg versus crustal abundance 20 mg/kg), and manganese (17,038 mg/kg versus crustal abundance 950 mg/kg) in the tantalum concentrate which was together with elevated tantalum concentrations is expected based on the nature of the tantalum processing and concentration of the minerals tantalite (Fe, Mn) Ta2O6 and columbite (FeNb2O6) in this stream.

Enrichment (GAI value of three or more) of thorium (123 mg/kg versus crustal abundance 10 mg/kg) and uranium (195 mg/kg versus crustal abundance 2.7 mg/kg) in the tantalum concentrate. This enrichment is likely to be a result of the presence of minerals such as highly insoluble monazite (a rare earth silico phosphate). Phosphorous was also significantly higher in this stream which is consistent with this theory.

Marginal enrichment of cadmium at low concentration (1.5 mg/kg versus crustal abundance 0.11 mg/kg) in the spodumene concentrate (cadmium was not analysed on the tantalum concentrate).




3.3 CALCULATION OF TOTAL ACTIVITY OF PROCESS STREAMS

As described in Section 3.2 above, rubidium is geochemically enriched in the tailings materials. Thorium (Th-232) and Uranium (U-238) are naturally radioactive (ϒ emitters) elements present in low levels in pegmatite ore. No

enrichment of radioactive uranium and thorium was observed in spodumene tailings. Rubidium is a natural low level β radiation emitter with a half-life of 49 billion years, due to the Rb-87 isotope. The total activity of any of the process streams can be calculated based on the elemental concentrations (Table A1-2 Appendix 1) and specific activities for each radioactive element of the four naturally occurring elements (U, Th, K and Rb). Results are outlined in Table 1 below where the specific activities for naturally occurring proportions of the isotopes applied were: U (U-238) 12,445 Bq/g, Th (Th-232) 4,059 Bq/g, K (K-40) 30.9 Bq/g and Rb (Rb-87) 670 Bq/g.

Table 1: Calculated Activi ty of Process Streams

Uranium Thorium Potassium Rubidium Total

Activity

Units mg/kg Bq/g mg/kg Bq/g mg/kg Bq/g mg/kg Bq/g Bq/g

Spodumene Process Tailings

3.1 0.039 5.1 0.021 20,400 0.630 3,980 2.67 3.36

Spodumene Concentrate 3.5 0.044 7.5 0.030 8,650 0.267 1,985 1.33 1.67

Tantalum Concentrate* 195 2.43 123 0.499 2,225 0.069 612 0.41 3.40

Wodgina Ore** 3.16 0.039 5.5 0.022 18,637 0.576 3,681 2.47 3.10

*Data from previous Global Advanced Metals operations of a tantalum concentrate were produced

**Back calculated from Spodumene Tailings and Concentrate Results based on 85% tailings and 15% concentrate split.

A level of 1 Bq/g head of chain total activity is considered ‘inherently safe’ to humans (IAEA 2004) as the resulting effective dose to workers is very unlikely to be more than 1 mSv/year – but this assumes the activity is from natural uranium and thorium radionuclides (which emit α, β and higher energy ϒ radiation). Levels of Th/U head of

chain activity above 10 Bq/g are considered a dangerous good for transport purposes (ARPANSA 2014). A tantalum concentrate may be produced as part of Wodgina operations in addition to the spodumene concentrate. Based on available previous composition data of tantalum concentrate in Table 1, in which uranium becomes enriched, a tantalum concentrate would have Th/U activity above 1 Bq/g and therefore potentially exposure above 1 mSv/year which is the trigger for management plans and monitoring under part 16.2 of the Mines Safety Inspection Regulations 1995 (WA) to control the risk of exposure to this naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) (DMP 2010). For rubidium, the Radiation Safety Act 1975 (WA) has a defined criterion of 30 Bq/g for a radioactive material or a total activity (accounting for volume and activity) of less than 0.4 MBq for Rb-87 (Schedule V). A level of 10,000 Bq/g is applicable in relation to placarding and management during transport of Rb-87 based naturally occurring radioactive material (ARPANSA 2014, Table 2). Hence, naturally occurring radiation levels in the spodumene tailings and spodumene concentrate, although present, are low and do not classify for dangerous goods transport or storage purposes. Monitoring under part 16.2 of the Mines Safety Inspection Regulations 1995 (WA) should only be required to maintain inhalable and respirable dusts of these materials below statutory limits in order to control the risk of exposure to this naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) (DMP 2010). The primary risk to health from radiation from α and β emitters (potassium and rubidium) is from inhalation. Levels above 1 mSv/year exposure to workers requires control and monitoring under part 16.2 of the Mines Safety Inspection Regulations 1995 (WA) as part of a radiation management plan. Control of general airborne dust exposure below occupational exposure standards (namely for respirable quartz) is expected to be a suitable control for risk from the low levels of NORM in the material and effective radiation doses to workers are expected to remain well below 1 mSv/year – calculations from dust monitoring results can confirm this. Use of other radiation devices such as gauges and portable X-ray Fluorescence may however also trigger the need for radiation dose monitoring.




3.4 WATER LEACHATE CHARACTERISATION OF SPODUMENE

TAILINGS

In the course of the current work, the spodumene tailings material was initially assessed using 1:20 extraction ratios for three different extract solutions (Section 2, Appendix 1 Table A1-6). Subsequently the spodumene tailings were also tested for full US EPA SW-846 Test Method 1313 (Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework - LEAF) testing at nine different pH values using a 1:10 ratio. Results for this assessment are provided in Appendix 3. The latter provides information for the changes in solubility with pH, a 1:20 de-ionised water ASLP extraction is considered the most appropriate comparison for water quality criteria based on incident rainfall leaching. Both approaches are discussed below.

3.4.1 Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) US EPA Test Method 1313

Results for water soluble metals, metalloids, fluoride and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the pH dependent extracts of the spodumene process tailings sample by US EPA SW-846 Test Method 1313 (Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework) are presented in Appendix 2 in tabular and chart formats. Livestock drinking water quality guidelines (ANZECC 2000), where available, have been included in the relevant charts as a comparator. In the absence of a livestock guideline for lithium, the irrigation water quality guideline (2.5 mg/L) was used as the comparator. A summary of results for the LEAF test pH behaviour as grouped by analyte into four classes is summarised in Table 2. Results are discussed by classes below. Note that Table 2 indicates only changes in relative solubility with pH under the conditions of testing, not a net risk of soluble metals to the environment. It should be noted that at worst only mildly acidic conditions MAY be found in expected tailings (refer 3.1) if PAF material is mingled with the ore, strongly alkaline or acid conditions are not expected under any situation in the field.

Table 2: Summary of LEAF Test Resul ts by Element

Class Definition of Class Elements in Class for Spodumene

Tailings Material

Class 1

Insoluble/unreactive.

Class 1 analytes are present at very low or non-detectable concentrations at all pH values

B, Cd, Hg, Sb, Se, Sn, Th, Ta

Class 2

Acid soluble/reactive

Class 2 analytes are present at low to very low concentrations at circum-neutral and alkaline conditions but become increasingly soluble under acidic conditions. Many metallic elements such as calcium and magnesium are Class 2.

Be, Ca, Mg, F, Co, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, U, V, Zn, Tl

Class 3

Alkali soluble/reactive

Class 3 analytes are present at low to very low concentrations at circum-neutral and acidic conditions, but become increasingly soluble under alkaline conditions.

As, SO4, Mo, DOC

Class 4

Acid or Alkali soluble/reactive

Class 4 analytes are present at low to very low concentrations at circum-neutral pH, but become increasingly soluble under acidic and alkaline conditions. Amphoteric elements (for example aluminium and zinc) are Class 4 analytes.

Al, Cr, Na, Cs, Rb, Cu, Fe




3.4.1.1 Class 1 Elements

Elements B, Cd, Hg, Sb, Se, Sn, Th and Ta indicated Class 1 behaviour, being highly insoluble under all pH conditions with concentrations normally below or at limits of reporting. Tantalum exhibited marginally amphoteric behaviour (Class 4) but concentrations were still sufficiently low for this element to be considered insoluble (maximum 0.012 mg/L). These elements therefore present no significant environmental risk under any conditions.


Apart from fluoride, Class 2 elements were metals rather than metalloids. Results are summarised as follows:

Fluoride. Fluoride concentrations exceeded the livestock drinking water guideline of 2 mg/L at all pH values (maximum 8.8 mg/L at pH 2). The USEPA Test Method 1313 uses a 1:10 extraction ratio and when considered on a 1:20 ASLP extraction ratio (similar to water leachate testing in Section 3.4.3 and at the same ‘natural pH’ of 6.7 measured during that test), the fluoride concentration is equal in both instances (1.9 mg/L) and below the livestock drinking water guideline (ANZECC 2000).

Calcium, magnesium and strontium. The maximum concentrations were 47, 3.1 and 0.11 mg/L respectively, in final pH 2 leachate. These low concentrations indicate most of the calcium and magnesium is present as insoluble primary minerals (versus carbonates).

Cobalt concentrations were below the laboratory reporting limit (<0.001 mg/L) for leachates with pH values between 5.5 and 13, and was only present in very low concentrations at low pH values (maximum 0.008 mg/L at pH 2).

Lithium concentrations in the 1:10 extracts at pH values between 4 and 13 ranged from 0.32 to 0.47 mg/L. A higher concentration was recorded at pH 2 (2.5 mg/L) which was equal to the ANZECC guideline value for lithium in irrigation water (ANZECC 2000).

Manganese concentrations were very low for leachates with pH values between 6.7 and 13, ranging from <0.005 to 0.35 mg/L. Higher concentrations were recorded at low pH values, with a maximum concentration of 2.7 mg/L in final pH 2 leachate. There is no livestock drinking water guideline for manganese (ANZECC 2000). The human drinking water guideline for manganese is 0.5 mg/L (DWER 2014), which was only exceeded in the pH 2 leachate. In addition, the human drinking water guideline for manganese is based on circum-neutral pH (i.e. 6.5 to 7.5) hence at pH 2 this is classified non-potable water.

Nickel concentrations were low for leachates with pH values between 6.7 and 13, with a maximum of 0.03 mg/L. Higher concentrations were recorded at lower pH values, with the maximum concentration recorded in final pH 2 leachate (0.13 mg/L). This was still well below the livestock drinking water guideline of 1 mg/L. Cobalt behaved similarly, with a maximum concentration of 0.021 mg/L at pH 2.

Vanadium concentrations were below the laboratory reporting limit (<0.001 mg/L) for circum neutral leachates with final pH values between 4 and 9. A maximum concentration of 0.02 mg/L was recorded for leachate with a final pH of 2.

Lead concentrations were at or below the laboratory reporting limit (0.001 mg/L) for all leachates except pH 2. The pH 2 leachate concentration was 0.049 mg/L, indicating slight dissolution of surface lead at very low pH values. Concentrations were still below the livestock drinking water guideline of 0.1 mg/L (ANZECC 2000) in the 1:10 extract. Cadmium behaved similarly, with concentrations below the laboratory reporting limit (<0.0001 mg/L) for leachates with pH values between 5.5 and 13 and was only present in very low concentrations at low pH (maximum 0.001 mg/L at pH 2). This concentration was well below the livestock drinking water guideline (ANZECC 2000) of 0.01 mg/L.

Uranium exhibited weakly acid soluble behaviour, with the highest concentrations recorded in leachate pH 2 (0.031 mg/L). All concentrations were well below the livestock drinking water guideline of 0.2 mg/L.




Beryllium exhibited marginally acid soluble behaviour, with the highest concentrations recorded in leachate pH 2 (0.02 mg/L). The human drinking water guideline for beryllium is 0.06 mg/L (DWER 2014).

Thallium exhibited marginally acid soluble behaviour, with the highest concentrations rising slightly in leachate pH 2 (0.008 mg/L) from less than or equal to 0.002 mg/L at neutral to alkaline pH. There is no Livestock or human drinking water guideline set for Thallium in Australia. The USEPA maximum contaminant level for human drinking water (USEPA 2018) for thallium is 0.002 mg/L.

Zinc showed increasing solubility at pH values below 6.7, the maximum concentration being 0.84 mg/L at pH 2 which was well below the livestock drinking water guideline (ANZECC 2000) of 20 mg/L.


Arsenic, molybdenum and sulfur were the only elements demonstrating Class 3 behaviour. . The maximum concentrations of 0.18, 0.025 and 340 mg/L, respectively, were recorded in leachate with a final pH of 13. These concentrations indicate very low environmental risk for these elements. Arsenic and molybdenum were essentially insoluble under circum-neutral to mildly acidic conditions, which are more likely for deposited project tailings. DOC was also more soluble in alkali conditions but is discussed in 3.4.2.


Several elements indicated Class 4 (amphoteric) behaviour:

Aluminium. Aluminium concentrations were variable, with the highest concentrations of 9.1 and 24 mg/L corresponding to final leachate pH values of 13 and 2, respectively. At circum neutral pH, aluminium concentrations were significantly lower (pH 6.7, 0.08 mg/L) in comparison to a livestock drinking water guideline of 5 mg/L.

Chromium. Chromium concentrations were at or below the laboratory reporting limit (0.001 mg/L) for leachates with final pH values between 4 and 9. Solubility increased for pH 2 (0.2 mg/L) and pH 13 (0.047 mg/L) extracts. This behaviour indicates that chromium is present in the trivalent form (acid soluble and weakly amphoteric). Concentrations were well below the livestock drinking water guideline of 1 mg/L for trivalent chromium (ANZECC 2000).

Copper. Copper concentrations were variable, with concentrations ranging from at or below 0.001 mg/L in the final leachate pH range of 6.7 to 9 to 0.79 mg/L at pH 2. Slightly elevated concentrations were reported at highly alkaline pH leachate values with a maximum of 0.12 mg/L at pH 13. All copper concentrations were well below the livestock drinking water guideline of 1 mg/L (ANZECC 2000).

Iron. Iron concentrations were generally low, but variable. The highest concentrations of 16, 0.74 and 0.43 mg/L were recorded at final leachate pH values of 2, 4 and 13, respectively with other leachates showing very low concentrations. Iron is considered highly unlikely to present any significant environmental risk under the range of pH conditions expected within a TSF. Presence of low concentrations of iron at high pH may also be associated with complexation to oleate anions (Section 3.4.2).

Sodium, rubidium and caesium also indicated similar amphoteric behaviour, although some rubidium in strongly alkaline leachates was attributed to contaminant levels in potassium hydroxide used for pH adjustment in the laboratory. The highest rubidium concentrations of 1.8 and 1.3 mg/L were recorded in leachates with final pH values of 13 and 2, respectively. The highest caesium concentrations of 0.48 and 0.32 mg/L were also recorded in leachates with final pH values of 13 and 2, respectively.

3.4.2 Leachate Assessment for Organic Process Chemicals

The primary process reagent used in production of the spodumene concentrate and portions of which will report to the tailings is oleic acid (C18H34O2), a long chain fatty acid as well as smaller concentrates of xanthate (also used




in gold and nickel processing) and soda ash for pH adjustment. These reagents are considered readily biodegradable and not persistent in the environment. The nature of oleic acid will result in low water solubility under neutral or acidic conditions and slightly higher solubility under alkaline conditions. LEAF testing was consistent with this - maximum concentration of DOC (a measure of organic reagents and in particular oleic acid) was for pH 13 of 4 mg/L with DOC equal to or less than 1 mg/L in circum-neutral and acidic pH extracts. A concentration of less than 1 mg/L will express as a maximum biological oxygen demand (BOD) during aerobic breakdown of less than 2.66 mg/L. The presence of such low concentrations of oleic acid/oleate salts in tailings porewaters will therefore contribute to only a very small BOD requirement which is expected to gradually decrease as biological (bacterial) mediated degradation to carbon dioxide within the TSF occurs. Low concentrations of phosphates in spodumene tailings are also expected to support this biological degradation process. There is no considered opportunity for oxygen depletion of waterways/aquatic systems given the very low concentrations and lack of any known means of migration to such systems of tailings porewaters and/or seepage.

3.4.3 ALSP Water Leachate Characterisation for Metals and Metalloids

Results for pH, EC, major ions and metals/metalloids in the 1:20 ASLP leachates are given in Table A1-4 of Appendix 1. ANZECC livestock drinking water guidelines (cattle) are provided for comparison (ANZECC 2000) along with non-potable groundwater use guidelines (DER 2014). In the absence of a livestock guideline for lithium, the irrigation water quality guideline (2.5 mg/L) was used as the comparator. Limited, if any, data is available for groundwater in the vicinity of the project, although it is noted that it comprises fractured rock and groundwater (if any is available) is tightly held with very limited if any flow through. No known groundwater receptor is indicated but the 1:20 water extract in particular is considered the most applicable for assessment against water quality criteria for the as placed tailings. Key observations are summarised below.

Water leachate pH of the tailings was very close to neutral (pH 6.76) with low concentrations of soluble salts (EC 62 µS/cm). Results suggest that any spodumene tailings seepage will be non-saline. The use or presence of any process water in the production or handling of the tailings is likely to be the main source of any soluble salt content rather than dissolution of salts from the pegmatite.

Fluoride (1.9 mg/L) was below the ANZECC livestock drinking water criteria of 2 mg/L in the natural water leachate (and as for LEAF testing, somewhat more soluble under acidic conditions (3.6 mg/L)). Fluoride solubility – particularly in the acidic leachate is considered to be linked to aluminium concentration by the formation of soluble aluminium fluoride complex ions. Although no data is available, it is expected that aluminium and fluoride will be naturally enriched in the fractured rock porewaters or any available groundwater underlying the project TSF to which any possible seepage would occur.

Despite geochemical enrichment (GAI greater than 3, Table A1-5 of Appendix 1), soluble concentrations of beryllium, caesium, molybdenum, tantalum, tin and thallium were extremely low or non-detectable in the water extract and below all relevant comparison criteria. This is consistent with the mineral forms such as tantalite and cassiterite (SnO2) which are highly unreactive minerals.

Thallium was not detectable in the 1:20 ASLP extracts and the water extract (<0.001 mg/L) was less than the US EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for human drinking water (USEPA 2018) of 0.002 mg/L. the 1:10 LEAF extract (lower ratio extract) concentration under neutral conditions was equal to the MCL of 0.002 mg/L. Based on non-potable groundwater use principles of being ten times the human drinking water guideline (DER 2014), which is considered more appropriate given the site conditions risk setting, a corresponding comparison value for thallium would be 0.02 mg/L which was not exceeded at any pH.

Bismuth was not assessed in the soluble fractions but bismuth is a highly insoluble element under normal conditions – bismuth normally requires extreme acid conditions for solubility. This is consistent with studies by MBS for other pegmatite projects and waste streams, with no detectable soluble bismuth in those instances.

All other environmentally significant metals and metalloids including arsenic, cadmium, manganese, chromium, lead, thorium, uranium, selenium, antimony, nickel and zinc were very low or non-detectable




and well below ANZECC livestock drinking water guidelines and DER non-potable groundwater use guidelines. Consistent with LEAF test results, concentrations for copper (0.23 mg/L versus 0.009 mg/L in water) and zinc (0.8 mg/L versus 0.06 mg/L in water) were higher under acidic conditions, as expected, but below respective livestock drinking water guidelines (1 mg/L for copper, 20 mg/L for zinc). Application of stricter ANZECC aquatic ecosystem guidelines for copper and zinc is not considered appropriate without a known nearby receptor of this type (surface aquatic) and given the absence of baseline groundwater data in this mineralised zone.

The aluminium concentrations in the water leachate (1.48 mg/L) exceeded the non-potable groundwater use guidelines of 0.2 mg/L but this is an aesthetic guideline based on post filtration flocculation of aluminium sulfate and is not relevant to the project or the nature of the aluminium being present as soluble, less-toxic, fluoride complexes. The livestock drinking water guideline of 5 mg/L was not exceeded (maximum 4.1 mg/L under dilute acid conditions).

The rubidium concentration in the 1:20 water leachate was 0.08 mg/L (0.258 mg/L in acetic acid and 0.162 mg/L at pH 10.3). No livestock drinking water guideline or other guidelines are available for this element. The water soluble fraction presents only 0.04% of the total rubidium concentration and is considered relatively low. Rubidium is naturally elevated in Wodgina pegmatite mineralisation and hence groundwater in the project area is likely to have proportionally similar levels. Environmental toxicity of rubidium is considered to be low given its chemical similarity to potassium in nature. Caesium is considered similar in properties but present at lower concentrations (0.011 mg/L in water extract). There is very little toxicity data for either rubidium or caesium. The alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+) are not considered toxic to most organisms at low concentrations as a consequence of their low reactivity to biologically active molecules in chelation or oxidation-reduction reactions. Of the alkali metal ions, lithium is considered the most chemically reactive because of its higher charge density (high charge to ionic radius ratio).

The water soluble lithium concentration was 0.12 mg/L in the 1:20 water leachate. No livestock drinking water, human drinking water or aquatic ecosystem guidelines are available for this element. Literature reports indicate that lithium is not particularly toxic to humans and the environment (Aral and Vecchio-Sadus 2008), although it has potential at relatively high dose rates to limit biomass production of plants (Shahzad et al. 2016). The ANZEEC short term irrigation guideline for lithium has been set at 2.5 mg/L (ANZECC 2000). The acetic acid extract lithium concentration was 0.43 mg/L in the 1:20 ASLP extract. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has established regional screening levels (RSLs) for lithium which include industrial soil (2,300 mg/kg), residential soil (160 mg/kg) and residential soil in groundwater sensitive areas (12 mg/kg) (USEPA 2017). The soluble portion of lithium in the finely crushed sample of tailings for this study (0.12 mg/L) represents 2.44 mg/kg in the solid material and is well below all these soil criteria. The considered worst case acid soluble (acetic acid ASLP) result for possible site conditions represents 8.6 mg/kg of soluble lithium and is still below these soil criteria. A review of literature data (Aral and Vecchio-Sadus 2008, Shahzad et al. 2016) also suggests that leachable concentrations of lithium are unlikely to cause adverse environmental impacts on the groundwater receiving environment. Natural concentrations of lithium in inland brines ranged from 20 mg/L (Dead Sea) to 1,500 mg/L (Atacama, lithium enriched area) (Aral and Vecchio-Sadus 2008). Any potential for plant growth inhibition (Shahzad et al. 2016) is considered a very low risk given the observed low concentrations (which are considered a first flush effect after crushing) and lack of opportunity for surface expression and salt accumulation from seepage from mine waste landforms.

Overall, any seepage produced by the spodumene process tailings material is expected to contain low to very low levels of environmentally significant metals and metalloids (especially if circum-neutral conditions in the TSF are maintained) and no significant impact on the surrounding environment is expected. It should be noted also that the worst case scenario for acid formation NAG pH (rapid and complete laboratory oxidation likely without time for slower silicate ANC neutralisation to fully occur) of the tailings was 3.9. This is higher than the more acidic conditions (pH 2.9) of the acetic acid leachate used for assessment and under which conditions environmentally significant elements were still generally low.




3.5 TAILINGS PARTICLE S IZE D ISTRIBUTION AND DUST

POTENTIAL

Particle size data was available for spodumene process tailings (by sieving) and for a composite sample (MBS 2017, sieving and laser diffraction) of former tantalum process tailings sampled from TSF3. These results are compared in Chart 2 below. The step jump in sizing in Chart 2 for tantalum process tailings is an artefact of sieving above 500 µm and diffraction below. The following are key points noted from this sizing information:

Although not measured (laser diffraction required) below 20 µm, the profile of spodumene tailings indicates a coarser particle size than previous tantalum process tailings produced by Global Advanced Metals.

The proportion of material less than 100 µm in equivalent size was approximately 40% in spodumene process tailings and 70% in previous tantalum process tailings. The much lower proportion in spodumene process tailings indicates a correspondingly lower potential for airborne dust generation and inhalable material.

Chart 2 : Wodgina Tai l ings Part icle Size Comparison

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

% P

as

sin

g

Size (µm)

Wodgina SpodumeneProcess Tailings

Wodgina TantalumProcess Tailings




4. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT Geochemical characterisation was conducted primarily for a sample of MRL’s Wodgina spodumene process tailings which will be stored on site in a constructed TSF. Additional comparison was also made to other or previous and proposed process streams for radiation and particle size. This has indicated:

The assessed sample of spodumene process tailings is considered marginally PAF (PAF low capacity) due to a very low, positive NAPP of 1.3 kg H2SO4/t and NAG pH (rapid laboratory oxidation conditions) of 3.9. PAF classification is considered to be from entrainment of sulfidic material from surrounding sedimentary and mafic rocks in the pegmatite used for production of the tailings material in metallurgical trials (pegmatite ore material itself being considered ‘barren’). Actual acid formation in the field may not occur as: (a) the classification is marginal and performed under rapid oxidation conditions versus slower oxidation field conditions; (b) the final outcome will depend on ore selection and TSF management; and (c) previous relatively similar samples of tantalum process tailings were assessed as being NAF. As a conservative step the material should be treated as PAF at closure unless further studies, from larger and possibly more representative trials for ABA testing, indicate otherwise. Generally this would involve placement of a suitable store and release cover across the TSF surface at closure.

Any seepage (if possible given the confining nature of hard rock beneath likely TSF locations) from spodumene process tailings during operations is predicted to be circum-neutral (pH 6 to 7) and non-saline. Any salinity that may be present would only be the result of process water sources and/or evapoconcentration.

Spodumene process tailings are geochemically enriched in a number of elements including beryllium, bismuth, caesium, lithium, rubidium, tin, tantalum, molybdenum and thallium. Despite this enrichment, corresponding soluble concentrations of these elements across the pH range were very low, indicating they are likely to remain in the solid form and do not pose a risk to groundwater quality. Thallium was equal to the USEPA drinking water criteria in a 1:10 extract of 0.002 mg/L but ten fold below a considered more appropriate non-potable groundwater based comparison level. Concentrations of all other environmentally significant metals and metalloids including thorium and uranium were low in both solids and leachates with ASLP leachates well below ANZECC livestock drinking water guidelines and other comparison criteria such as non-potable groundwater re-use.

Aluminium (1.48 mg/L) and fluoride (1.9 mg/L) concentrations in the 1:20 ASLP water leachate of spodumene process tailings also did not exceed ANZECC livestock drinking water guidelines of 5 mg/L and 2 mg/L respectively. Fluoride concentrations under simulated acidic conditions (3.6 mg/L) marginally exceeded the guideline value. These acidic conditions however could only be achieved by significant oxidation of the tailings and acid formation. Aluminium fluoride complexes are considered the driver for solubility of these elements and expected to be naturally enriched in any available groundwater/porewater (if present) around the pegmatite ore body.

For spodumene process tailings under different pH extractions, lithium, rubidium and caesium behaved similarly with maximum concentrations at either acid or alkali pH values and minima at circum-neutral pH (‘natural’ pH). Lithium was present in higher concentrations than rubidium and caesium based on its abundance and more reactive nature (maximum soluble lithium 0.43 mg/L or 8.5 mg/kg under acid pH 3.6 conditions, 0.12 mg/L or 2.4 mg/kg in water). Concentrations were still below levels considered a risk to human health or environmental groundwater quality and only neutral to very mildly acidic conditions (e.g. pH 5.5 to 7) would be expected. As for aluminium and fluoride in particular, consideration should also be made if groundwater exists and can be sampled for natural concentrations in groundwater at Wodgina as natural enrichment in area for lithium (and rubidium) is expected.

The observed concentrations of organics in tailings porewaters from primarily oleic acid used in processing were very low at expected circum-neutral pH values (less than or equal to 1 mg/L of DOC) and will therefore not contribute any significant BOD requirement to tailings supernatant waters or leachates. Given the low concentrations and expected rapid biological breakdown, there is no considered risk to the environment from indicated process chemicals.




Levels of NORM radiation in spodumene process tailings indicated a calculated activity of 3.36 Bq/g. This was primarily as rubidium-87 based NORM radiation and exposure will be adequately controlled by controlling airborne dust levels (particularly respirable quartz) within normal exposure limits (DMP 2010). Keeping the surface of the TSF wet during the operation phase for example will aid both in dust control and possible PAF tailings management. Spodumene concentrate had similar levels of primarily rubidium based activity. Due to beneficiation of the uranium and thorium in tantalum concentrate if produced, this product stream is likely to trigger assessment and monitoring as part of a RMP and TMRP. Use of other radioactive sources on site in addition to these NORM materials may also, depending on type, warrant an assessment of total effective dose for workers.

Overall, results indicate that the spodumene process tailings are essentially geochemically benign but have the potential for slight entrainment of some acid forming material from surrounding PAF lithologies. Predominantly however, species are present as inert mineral forms which are resistant to leaching even if acid generation by prolonged exposure were to occur. Standard management of the tailings as marginally PAF material (keeping moist and placing a store and release cover at closure) should prevent any significant acid formation and any potential seepage is expected to be non-saline and low in environmentally significant metals and metalloids. The spodumene tailings or spodumene concentrate should not require any specific radiation management plans and primary health risk control will be by means of dust abatement. Production of a tantalum concentrate is likely to produce material with a high enough specific activity to require management of exposure and transport according to radiation management plans.




5. REFERENCES AIMM. 2001. Field Geologists’ Manual. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Monograph 9. Fourth Edition. Carlton, Victoria.

AMIRA. 2002. ARD Test Handbook: Project 387A Prediction and Kinetic Control of Acid Mine Drainage. Australian Minerals Industry Research Association, Ian Wark Research Institute and Environmental Geochemistry International Pty Ltd, May 2002.

ANZECC. 2000. National Water Quality Management Strategy, Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand.

Aral, H. and Vecchio-Sadus, A. 2008. Toxicity of lithium to humans and the environment — A literature review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (70): 349 – 356.

ARPANSA 2014. Safe Transport of Radioactive Material Code, Radiation Protection Series C-2. Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Australian Government December 2014

Bowen, H.J.M. 1979. Environmental Chemistry of the Elements. Academic Press, London; New York.

DER 2014. Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites. Contaminated Sites Guidelines. Department of Environment Regulation, Perth, Western Australia December 2014.

DIIS. 2016. Preventing Acid and Metalliferous Drainage. Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, September 2016.

DMP 2010. Managing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Mining and Mineral Processing – Guideline. NORM-6 Reporting Requirements. Prepared by the Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA), Resources Safety.

IAEA 2004. Application of the Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance IAEA Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.7, IAEA, Vienna (2004).

MBS 2017. Wodgina Mine Assessment of Wodgina Tailings as a Cover Material for Waste Rock Landforms. Report prepared for Mineral Resources Limited by MBS Environmental, June 2017.

INAP. 2009. Global Acid Rock Drainage (GARD) Guide. International Network for Acid Prevention, www.gardguide.com (accessed 12 September 2017).

Shahzad, B., Tanveer, M., Hassan, W., Shah, A.N., Anjum, S.A., Cheema, S.A. and Ali I. 2016. Lithium toxicity in plants: reasons, mechanisms and remediation possibilities – A review. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (107): 104-115.

USEPA 2017. Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) for Chemical Contaminants at Superfund Sites. United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables-june-2017 (accessed 15 November 2017, target hazard quotient 1.0).

USEPA 2018. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations#Inorganic (accessed 14 February 2018)

http://www.gardguide.com/favicon.ico

https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables-june-2017

https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables-june-2017

https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations#Inorganic




6. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS

Term Explanation

AC Acid consuming material. Defined as NAF material which has a NAPP value in excess of -100 kg H2SO4/t

ANC Acid Neutralising Capacity. A process where a sample is reacted with excess 0.5 m HCl at a pH of about 1.5, for 2-3 hours at 80-90ºC followed by back-titration to pH=7 with sodium hydroxide. This determines the acid consumed by soluble materials in the sample.

amphoteric Metal or metalloid that is soluble in both acidic and alkaline media.

AP Acid Potential. Similar to MPA, but only is based on the amount of sulfide-sulfur (calculated at the difference between total sulfur and sulfate-sulfur (SO4-S)) rather than total sulfur. AP (kg H2SO4/t) = (Total S – SO4-S) x 30.6.

Carb NP Carbonate Neutralisation Potential. The amount of ANC provided by carbonate minerals.

Carb NP (kg H2SO4/t) = TIC (%) x 81.7.

circum-neutral pH pH value near 7.

EC Electrical conductivity. A measurement of solution salinity.

Conversion: 1,000 µS/cm = 1 dS/m = 1 mS/cm

feldspar Abundant rock forming aluminosilicate mineral with substitution varieties of potassium, calcium and sodium. Potassium feldspars can themselves be subject to substitution by other alkali metals such as rubidium and caesium but also lithium.

MPA Maximum Potential Acidity. A calculation where the total sulfur in the sample is assumed to all be present as pyrite. This value is multiplied by 30.6 to produce a value known as the Maximum Potential Acidity reported in units of kg H2SO4/t.

NAF Non Acid Forming.

NAG Net Acid Generation. A process where a sample is reacted with 15% hydrogen peroxide solution at pH = 4.5 to oxidise all sulfides and then time allowed for the solution to react with acid soluble materials. This is a direct measure of the acid generating capacity of the sample but can be affected by the presence of organic materials.

NAG pH The pH after the NAG test with hydrogen peroxide and heating is completed i.e. oxidation of all sulfides.

NAPP Net Acid Producing Potential. NAPP (kg H2SO4/t) = AP – ANC.

oxidisable sulfur A form of sulfur (sulfide, S2-) that reacts with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It is estimated as the fraction that remains when sulfate (SO4

2-) is subtracted from the total sulfur. An alternative method for estimating oxidisable sulfur is by measurement of chromium reducible sulfur.

PAF Potentially Acid Forming.

PAF-LC Potentially Acid Forming – Low Capacity. Waste rock classification for samples with NAPP values less than or equal to 10 kg H2SO4/t.

PAF-HC Potentially Acid Forming – High Capacity. Waste rock classification for samples with NAPP values greater than 10 kg H2SO4/t.

pegmatite Very coarse intrusive igneous rock that commonly consist of quartz, feldspar and mica.

pyrite Iron (II) sulfide, FeS2. Pyrite is the most common sulfide minerals and the major acid forming mineral oxidising to produce sulfuric acid.

spodumene Lithium aluminium inosilicate [LiAl(SiO3)2] the primary source of ‘hard rock’ lithium.




APPENDICES




APPENDIX 1: COLLATED RESULTS


PROCESS STREAMS GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT APPENDIX 1

Appendix 1 Collated Analytical Results.docx

LIST OF APPENDIX 1 TABLES Table A1-1: Acid Base Accounting, Wodgina Spodumene Process Tailings ............................................................... 2

Table A1-2: Total Metals and Metalloids for Wodgina Spodumene Tailings ................................................................ 3

Table A1-3: Spodumene Concentrate Elemental Composition .................................................................................... 4

Table A1-4: Tantalum Concentrate Elemental Composition* ....................................................................................... 5

Table A1-5: Global Abundance Index for Wodgina Process Streams* ........................................................................ 6

Table A1-6: Leachates (ASLP 1:20) Metals and Metalloids for Wodgina Spodumene Tailings ................................... 7



Appendix 1 Collated Analytical Results.docx 2

Table A1-1: Acid Base Accounting, Wodgina Spodumene Process Tai l ings

Sample

pH (1:5) Total-S Sulfate-S Total C ANC Carb-NP MPA NAPP NAG

(pH 4.5)

NAG

(pH 7)

NAG pH

Classification

pH units % % % kg H2SO4/t pH units

Wodgina Spodumene Tailings 6.76 0.14 0.028 0.08 2.1 7.0 3.1 1.3 1.1 3.8 3.9 PAF-LC

Denotes PAF classification

Denotes Uncertain classification

Denotes NAF classification




Table A1-2: Total Metals and Metal loids for Wodgina Spodumene Tai l ings

Sample Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Co Cr Cs Cu Fe Ga Ge

mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

Wodgina Spodumene Tailings 0.05 65,200 5.3 60 102 2.0 1,700 0.04 4.9 171 189 30 18,100 47 0.15

Average Crustal/Soil Abundance

0.07 82,000 25 425 2.8 0.17 41,000 0.11 20 100 3 50 41,000 15 1.5

Sample Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni P Pb Rb


Wodgina Spodumene Tailings 0.6 <0.005 0.008 20,400 2.2 2,880 1,900 1,400 0.05 31,300 38 108 330 12 3,980

Average Crustal/Soil Abundance 3 0.08 0.1 21,000 30 20 23,000 950 1.5 23,000 20 75 1,000 14 90

Sample Sb Sc Se Sn Sr Ta Te Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr

mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

Wodgina Spodumene Tailings 0.17 0.30 <1 81 18 >100 <0.05 5.1 230 30.1 3.1 6 4 1.4 101 4

Average Crustal/Soil Abundance 0.2 16 0.2 2 375 2 0.001 10 5,700 0.45 2.7 135 1.5 30 70 165




Table A1-3: Spodumene Concentrate Elemental Composit ion

Sample Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Dy Er

mg/kg % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

Wodgina Spodumene Con <0.1 12 <50 20 427 2.5 3,868 1.5 1.5 90 <50 128 30 <0.5 <0.1

Sample Eu Fe Ga Gd Hf Hg Ho In K La Li Lu Mg Mn Mo


Wodgina Spodumene Con <0.5 6,850 55 <0.5 2.5 0.20 <0.1 <0.1 8,650 1.0 25,975 <0.2 565 1,225 <10

Sample Na Nb Nd Ni P Pb Pr Rb Re Sb Sc S Si Sm Sn

mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg % mg/kg mg/kg

Wodgina Spodumene Con 3,950 20 <1 30 1,075 40 <0.5 1,986 <0.05 <1 <5 875 30 <0.5 1,086

Sample Sr Ta Tb Te Th Ti Tl Tm U V W Y Yb Zn Zr


Wodgina Spodumene Con 30 174 <0.1 <0.5 7.5 100 16 <0.1 3.5 <10 355 1.5 <0.1 63 29




Table A1-4: Tantalum Concentrate Elemental Composi t ion *

Sample Al As Ca Fe K Li Mg Mn Na Nb P

mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

Wodgina Tantalum Con 41,809 212 11,149 263,618 2,225 1,031 17,351 17,038 1,098 7,123 2,252

Sample Pb Rb S Si Sn Ta Th Ti U W Zr

mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

Wodgina Tantalum Con 74 612 15,036 148,561 33,310 39,144 123 354 195 262 940

*Data from previous Global Advanced Metals operations of a tantalum concentrate were produced




Table A1-5: Global Abundance Index for Wodgina Process Streams *

Sample Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Co Cr Cs Cu Fe Ga Ge

Wodgina Spodumene Tailings 0 0 0 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0

Wodgina Spodumene Con 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 3 2 0 5 0 0 1 N/A

Wodgina Tantalum Con N/A 0 2 N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A N/A

Sample Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni P Pb Rb


Wodgina Spodumene Con 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 4

Wodgina Tantalum Con N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 5 0 4 N/A N/A 6 N/A 1 2 2

Sample Sb Sc Se Sn Sr Ta Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr


Wodgina Spodumene Con 2 0 N/A 6 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 0

Wodgina Tantalum Con N/A N/A N/A 6 N/A 6 3 0 N/A 6 N/A 6 N/A N/A 2

*Highlighted cells indicate results which have a GAI of three or more and a considered geochemically enriched. N/A indicates not analysed




Table A1-6: Leachates (ASLP 1:20) Metals and Metal lo ids for Wodgina Spodumene Tai l ings

Leachate Type Final pH

EC TDS (calc.) Al Ag As B Ba Be Cd Co Cr Cs

mg/L µS/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

De-ionised Water 6.76 62 42 1.48 <0.01 0.009 0.1 <0.01 <0.001 0.0002 0.001 0.003 0.011

Acetic Acid pH 2.9 3.64 257 172 4.1 <0.01 0.012 0.2 0.09 0.01 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 0.04

0.001 M KOH 10.3 184 123 2.8 N/A 0.016 <0.1 N/A 0.002 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 0.02

Livestock (ANZECC 2000) N/G N/G 4,000

(Cattle) 5 N/G 0.5 5 N/G N/G 0.01 1 1 N/G

Non-Potable Groundwater Reuse (DER 2014) N/G N/G N/G 0.2 1 0.1 40 20 0.6 0.02 N/G 0.5

(CrVI) N/G

Leachate Type Cu F Fe Hg Li Mg Mn Mo Na Ni Pb Rb

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

De-ionised Water 0.009 1.9 1.35 <0.0001 0.122 <1 0.12 <0.01 6 0.008 0.002 0.08

Acetic Acid pH 2.9 0.23 3.6 2.2 <0.0010 0.427 2 0.6 <0.1 7 0.04 <0.01 0.258

0.001 M KOH 0.02 0.9 2.6 <0.0010 0.159 <1 <0.1 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.01 0.162

Livestock (ANZECC 2000) 5 2 N/G N/G 2.5** 2,000 N/G 0.15 N/G 1 0.1 N/G

Non-Potable Groundwater Reuse (DER 2014) 20 15 N/G 0.01 N/G N/G 5 0.5 N/G 0.2 0.1 N/G

Leachate Type S Sb Se Sn Sr Ta Th TI U V Zn

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

De-ionised Water 3 <0.001 <0.01 0.003 <0.1 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 0.06

Acetic Acid pH 2.9 3.7 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 0.004 <0.01 0.8

0.001 M KOH 5.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 0.001 <0.001 <0.01 0.001 <0.01 <0.1

Livestock (ANZECC 2000) 333 N/G 0.02 N/G N/G N/G N/G 0.002* 0.2 N/G 20

Non-Potable Groundwater Reuse (DER 2014) 333 0.03 0.1 N/G N/G N/G N/G N/G 0.17 N/G 3

N/G denotes No Guideline, NA indicates not analysed *Guideline taken from USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level for Drinking Water (USEPA 2018) ** Irrigation water quality guideline




APPENDIX 2: US EPA SW-846 TEST METHOD 1313 RESULTS

Reference Description Sample Sample Date Sampled Mass Used Particle Size Used

Volume/Type Water used

Units g mm mL

Method INORG-125 INORG-125 INORG-125

204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH13 1 09/01/2018 20 0.3 167


204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH10.5 3 09/01/2018 20 0.3 197




204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH5.5

Natural 7 09/01/2018 20 0.3 197



204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH7 QC 10 09/01/2018 20 0.3 200



Reference Description Sample Acid Volume Base Volume Initial pH Final pH Initial EC Final EC

Units mL mL pH units pH units µS/cm µS/cm

PQL N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 1

Method INORG-125 INORG-125 INORG-125 INORG-125 INORG-125 INORG-125

204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH13 0 30 13 13 25000 25000


204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH10.5 0 0 10 10 320 400



204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH7 0 0 7.1 6.7 160 300


Natural 0 0 4.8 5.5 130 160


204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH2 1 0 2 2.3 4 2600

204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH7 QC 0 0 6 5.6 1 3

204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH2 QC 1 0 1.9 2 4300 4200

204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH13 QC 0 30 13 13 28000 28000

Reference Description Sample Extraction Time

Moisture Temperature

Units hrs % (w/w) C

PQL N/A 0.1 1

Method INORG-125 INORG-125 INORG-125

204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH13 24 13.9 25


204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH10.5 24 13.9 25





Natural 24 13.9 25



204676 Wodgina Lithium Project P17110006/Pod 2 pH7 QC 24 13.9 25



Appendix 3 - LEAF Test Results

Parameter Units PQL Method

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium

Project

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium Project

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium

Project

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium

Project

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium

Project

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium

Project

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium Project

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium

Project

MRLWCRTC -

Wodgina

Lithium

Project

Final pH mg/L INORG-125 13 12 10 9 8 6.7 5.5 4 2.3 2 13

Fluoride mg/L 0.1 INORG-081 4.8 4.8 5.6 4.7 4.9 3.8 5.4 6.7 8.8 2 2

Ca mg/L 0.5 METALS-020 <0.5 0.5 0.7 4.3 6.3 7.1 11 11 47 1000 1000

Mg mg/L 0.5 METALS-020 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.2 1.6 2 3 2.3 3.1 N/G N/G

Na mg/L 0.5 METALS-020 13 7.2 5.5 5.1 5 5.3 5.1 5 6.2 N/G N/G

S mg/L 0.5 METALS-020 340 120 34 16 20 17 17 14 14 N/G N/G

SO4 mg/L CALC 1020 360 102 48 60 51 51 42 42 1000 1000

Al mg/L 0.01 METALS-022 9.1 4.7 0.45 0.1 0.01 0.08 2.4 4.9 24 5 5

As mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.18 0.057 0.015 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.014 0.5 0.5

Be mg/L 0.0005 METALS-022 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 0.0009 0.0064 0.011 0.02 N/G N/G

Cd mg/L 0.0001 METALS-022 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0006 0.0025 0.01 0.01

Co mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.007 0.014 0.014 0.021 1 1

Cr mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.047 0.012 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.2 1 1

Cs mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.48 0.29 0.13 0.084 0.1 0.073 0.023 0.063 0.32 N/G N/G

Cu mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.12 0.017 0.004 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.023 0.24 0.79 1 1

Fe mg/L 0.02 METALS-020 0.43 0.07 0.2 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.74 16 N/G N/G

Li mg/L 0.0005 METALS-022 0.39 0.38 0.34 0.32 0.41 0.35 0.41 0.47 2.5 2.5 2.5

Mn mg/L 0.005 METALS-022 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.009 0.13 0.39 0.5 0.54 2.7 N/G N/G

Mo mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.025 0.017 0.021 0.009 0.004 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.008 0.15 0.15

Ni mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.03 0.072 0.068 0.13 1 1

Pb mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.049 0.1 0.1

Rb mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 1.8 1.2 0.88 0.67 0.79 0.63 0.27 0.49 1.3 N/G N/G

Sb mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 N/G N/G

Se mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02 0.02

Sn mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.068 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 N/G N/G

Sr mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 <0.001 0.002 0.002 0.02 0.029 0.036 0.041 0.049 0.11 N/G N/G

Th mg/L 0.0005 METALS-022 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 N/G N/G

Ta mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.008 0.002 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.012 N/G N/G

U mg/L 0.0005 METALS-022 0.0041 0.0007 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 0.0007 0.011 0.031 0.2 0.2

V mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.007 0.004 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02 N/G N/G

Zn mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 0.029 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.052 0.26 0.36 0.84 20 20

Hg mg/L 0.00005 METALS-021 0.00006 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 0.002 0.002

DOC mg/L 1 INORG-079 4 2 2 1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 N/G N/G

Ti mg/L 0.001 METALS-022 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.002 <0.001 0.002 0.008 N/G N/G

B mg/L 0.2 METALS-020 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 5 5

N/G No Guideline

* Irrigation guideline (ANZECC 2000)

Livestock

Dinking Water

Guideline

(ANZECC 2000)

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.010.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Fluoride

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Magnesium

Leachates

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Sodium

Leachates

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Aluminium

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Arsenic

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Cadmium

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Beryllium

Leachates

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Cobalt

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Chromium

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Caesium

Leachates

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Sulfate

Leachates

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Calcium

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Copper

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Iron

Leachates

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Lithium

Leachates

IrrigationLimit

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Manganese

Leachates

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Molybdenum

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Nickel

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Lead

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Rubidium

Leachates

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Antimony

Leachates

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Selenium

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Strontium

Leachates

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Thorium

Leachates

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

0.060

0.070

0.080

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Tin

Leachates

0.0000

0.0020

0.0040

0.0060

0.0080

0.0100

0.0120

0.0140

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Tantalum

Leachates

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Uranium

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.0000

0.0050

0.0100

0.0150

0.0200

0.0250

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Vanadium

Leachates

0

5

10

15

20

25

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Zinc

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Mercury

Leachates

LivestockLimit

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Dissolved Organic Carbon

Leachates

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Thallium

Leachates

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg/

L)

Final pH (pH units)

Boron

Leachates




APPENDIX 3: LABORATORY REPORTS

Envirolab Services (WA) Pty Ltd trading as MPL Laboratories

ABN 53 140 099 207

16-18 Hayden Court Myaree WA 6154

ph 08 9317 2505 fax 08 9317 4163

[email protected]

www.mpl.com.au

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS 204676

4 Cook Street, WEST PERTH, WA, 6005Address

Michael NorthAttention

MBS EnvironmentalClient

Client Details

15/12/2017Date completed instructions received

15/12/2017Date samples received

1 TailingsNumber of Samples

Wodgina Lithium ProjectYour Reference

Sample Details

Results are reported on a dry weight basis for solids and on an as received basis for other matrices.

Samples were analysed as received from the client. Results relate specifically to the samples as received.

Please refer to the following pages for results, methodology summary and quality control data.

Analysis Details

Tests not covered by NATA are denoted with *Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC 17025 - Testing.

NATA Accreditation Number 2901. This document shall not be reproduced except in full.

This report replaces R00 created on 19/01/2018 due to: correction in reporting Tl insteadof Ti

Reissue Details

13/02/2018Date of Issue

19/01/2018Date results requested by

Report Details

Todd Lee, Laboratory Manager

Authorised By

Joshua Lim, Operations Manager

Results Approved By

Revision No: R01

204676MPL Reference: Page | 1 of 18

Client Reference: Wodgina Lithium Project

<0.001<0.001<0.0010.010.068mg/LTin-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.002mg/LSelenium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.0010.002mg/LAntimony-Dissolved

201634120340mg/LSulfur - Dissolved

0.790.670.881.21.8mg/LRubidium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LLead-Dissolved

0.003<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LNickel-Dissolved

5.05.15.57.213mg/LSodium - Dissolved

0.0040.0090.0210.0170.025mg/LMolybdenum-Dissolved

0.130.009<0.005<0.005<0.005mg/LManganese-Dissolved

0.410.320.340.380.39mg/LLithium-Dissolved

<0.00005<0.00005<0.00005<0.000050.00006mg/LMercury-Dissolved

<0.020.040.200.070.43mg/LIron - Dissolved

<0.001<0.0010.0040.0170.12mg/LCopper-Dissolved

0.100.0840.130.290.48mg/LCaesium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.0010.0030.0120.047mg/LChromium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LCobalt-Dissolved

<0.0001<0.0001<0.0001<0.0001<0.0001mg/LCadmium-Dissolved

1.61.2<0.5<0.5<0.5mg/LMagnesium - Dissolved

6.34.30.70.5<0.5mg/LCalcium - Dissolved

<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005mg/LBeryllium-Dissolved

<0.2<0.2<0.2<0.2<0.2mg/LBoron - Dissolved

0.010.100.454.79.1mg/LAluminium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.0010.0150.0570.18mg/LArsenic-Dissolved

2525252525o CAverage Temperature

13.913.913.913.913.9%(w/w)Moisture

2424242424hrs/daysExtraction Time

2602104002,70025,000µS/cmFinal EC

2001803203,10025,000µS/cmInitial EC

8.09.0101213pH unitsFinal pH

8.09.0101213pH unitsInitial pH

000330mLVolume/Normality Base

00000mLVolume/Normality Acid

197197197194167mLVolume/Type water used

0.30.30.30.30.3mmParticle Size as recieved

2020202020gMass Used

09/01/201809/01/201809/01/201809/01/201809/01/2018-Date prepared

TailingsTailingsTailingsTailingsTailingsType of sample

P17110006/Pod 2 pH8

P17110006/Pod 2 pH9

P17110006/Pod 2 pH10.5

P17110006/Pod 2 pH12

P17110006/Pod 2 pH13

UNITSYour Reference

204676-6204676-5204676-4204676-3204676-2Our Reference

SW846-1313 LEAF pH variation

MPL Reference: 204676

R01Revision No:

Page | 2 of 18


11224mg/LDissolved Organic Carbon

4.94.75.64.84.8mg/LFluoride

<0.001<0.0010.002<0.0010.029mg/LZinc-Dissolved

<0.001<0.0010.0020.0040.007mg/LVanadium-Dissolved

<0.0005<0.0005<0.00050.00070.0041mg/LUranium-Dissolved

0.0020.001<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LThallium-Dissolved

<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005mg/LThorium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.0010.0010.0020.008mg/LTantalum-Dissolved

0.0290.0200.0020.002<0.001mg/LStrontium-Dissolved


P17110006/Pod 2 pH8

P17110006/Pod 2 pH9

P17110006/Pod 2 pH10.5

P17110006/Pod 2 pH12

P17110006/Pod 2 pH13

UNITSYour Reference

204676-6204676-5204676-4204676-3204676-2Our Reference



R01Revision No:

Page | 3 of 18


<0.0010.110.0490.0410.036mg/LStrontium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LTin-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LSelenium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LAntimony-Dissolved

<0.514141717mg/LSulfur - Dissolved

<0.0011.30.490.270.63mg/LRubidium-Dissolved

<0.0010.0490.001<0.001<0.001mg/LLead-Dissolved

<0.0010.130.0680.0720.030mg/LNickel-Dissolved

<0.56.25.05.15.3mg/LSodium - Dissolved

<0.0010.008<0.001<0.0010.002mg/LMolybdenum-Dissolved

<0.0052.70.540.500.39mg/LManganese-Dissolved

0.00172.50.470.410.35mg/LLithium-Dissolved

<0.00005<0.00005<0.00005<0.00005<0.00005mg/LMercury-Dissolved

<0.02160.74<0.02<0.02mg/LIron - Dissolved

<0.0010.790.240.0230.001mg/LCopper-Dissolved

<0.0010.320.0630.0230.073mg/LCaesium-Dissolved

<0.0010.20<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LChromium-Dissolved

<0.0010.0210.0140.0140.007mg/LCobalt-Dissolved

<0.00010.00250.00060.00030.0001mg/LCadmium-Dissolved

<0.53.12.33.02.0mg/LMagnesium - Dissolved

<0.54711117.1mg/LCalcium - Dissolved

<0.00050.0200.0110.00640.0009mg/LBeryllium-Dissolved

<0.2<0.2<0.2<0.2<0.2mg/LBoron - Dissolved

<0.01244.92.40.08mg/LAluminium-Dissolved

<0.0010.014<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LArsenic-Dissolved


13.913.913.913.913.9%(w/w)Moisture


32,600220160300µS/cmFinal EC

14170130160µS/cmInitial EC

5.62.34.05.56.7pH unitsFinal pH

6.02.04.04.87.1pH unitsInitial pH




0.30.30.30.30.3mmParticle Size as recieved

2020202020gMass Used

09/01/201809/01/201809/01/201809/01/201809/01/2018-Date prepared


P17110006/Pod 2 pH7 QC

P17110006/Pod 2 pH2

P17110006/Pod 2 pH4

P17110006/Pod 2 pH5.5 Natural

P17110006/Pod 2 pH7

UNITSYour Reference

204676-11204676-10204676-9204676-8204676-7Our Reference



R01Revision No:

Page | 4 of 18


<11<1<1<1mg/LDissolved Organic Carbon

<0.18.86.75.43.8mg/LFluoride

<0.0010.840.360.260.052mg/LZinc-Dissolved

<0.0010.020<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LVanadium-Dissolved

<0.00050.0310.0110.0007<0.0005mg/LUranium-Dissolved

<0.0010.0080.002<0.0010.002mg/LThallium-Dissolved

<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005<0.0005mg/LThorium-Dissolved

<0.0010.012<0.001<0.001<0.001mg/LTantalum-Dissolved


P17110006/Pod 2 pH7 QC

P17110006/Pod 2 pH2

P17110006/Pod 2 pH4

P17110006/Pod 2 pH5.5 Natural

P17110006/Pod 2 pH7

UNITSYour Reference

204676-11204676-10204676-9204676-8204676-7Our Reference



R01Revision No:

Page | 5 of 18


<0.001<0.001mg/LStrontium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LTin-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LSelenium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LAntimony-Dissolved

1.5<0.5mg/LSulfur - Dissolved

0.33<0.001mg/LRubidium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LLead-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LNickel-Dissolved

3.3<0.5mg/LSodium - Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LMolybdenum-Dissolved

<0.005<0.005mg/LManganese-Dissolved

0.00080.0007mg/LLithium-Dissolved

<0.00005<0.00005mg/LMercury-Dissolved

0.02<0.02mg/LIron - Dissolved

0.002<0.001mg/LCopper-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LCaesium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LChromium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LCobalt-Dissolved

<0.0001<0.0001mg/LCadmium-Dissolved

<0.5<0.5mg/LMagnesium - Dissolved

<0.5<0.5mg/LCalcium - Dissolved

<0.0005<0.0005mg/LBeryllium-Dissolved

<0.2<0.2mg/LBoron - Dissolved

0.03<0.01mg/LAluminium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LArsenic-Dissolved


13.913.9%(w/w)Moisture


28,0004,200µS/cmFinal EC

28,0004,300µS/cmInitial EC

132.0pH unitsFinal pH

131.9pH unitsInitial pH




0.30.3mmParticle Size as recieved

2020gMass Used

09/01/201809/01/2018-Date prepared

TailingsTailingsType of sample

P17110006/Pod 2 pH13 QC

P17110006/Pod 2 pH2 QC

UNITSYour Reference

204676-13204676-12Our Reference



R01Revision No:

Page | 6 of 18


<1<1mg/LDissolved Organic Carbon

<0.1<0.1mg/LFluoride

0.0020.001mg/LZinc-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LVanadium-Dissolved

<0.0005<0.0005mg/LUranium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LThallium-Dissolved

<0.0005<0.0005mg/LThorium-Dissolved

<0.001<0.001mg/LTantalum-Dissolved

TailingsTailingsType of sample

P17110006/Pod 2 pH13 QC

P17110006/Pod 2 pH2 QC

UNITSYour Reference

204676-13204676-12Our Reference



R01Revision No:

Page | 7 of 18


0.11%w/wChromium Reducible Sulfur

TailingsType of sample

P17110006/Pod 2

UNITSYour Reference

204676-1Our Reference

Chromium Reducible Sulphur


R01Revision No:

Page | 8 of 18


0.99% CaCO3ANC

9.7kg H2SO4/tonneANC

0Fizz Rating

20/12/2017Date Analysed

15/12/2017Date Prepared


P17110006/Pod 2

UNITSYour Reference


Acid Neutralisation Capacity*


R01Revision No:

Page | 9 of 18


2.8kg/H2SO4/tonneNAG pH 7.0

0.9kg H2SO4/tonneNAG pH 4.5

3.8pH unitsNAG pH

20/12/2017Date Analysed

15/12/2017Date Prepared


P17110006/Pod 2

UNITSYour Reference


Net Acid Generation


R01Revision No:

Page | 10 of 18


130µS/cmElectrical Conductivity (EC)

5.4pH UnitspH

0.038%w/w SSHCl

21/12/2017-Date analysed

15/12/2017-Date prepared


P17110006/Pod 2

UNITSYour Reference


Miscellaneous Inorg - soil


R01Revision No:

Page | 11 of 18


56mg/kgZinc

5mg/kgVanadium

2mg/kgUranium

<2mg/kgThallium

5mg/kgThorium

9mg/kgStrontium

12mg/kgTin

<2mg/kgSelenium

<7mg/kgAntimony

1,500mg/kgSulphur

740mg/kgRubidium

8mg/kgLead

120mg/kgNickel

340mg/kgSodium

23mg/kgMolybdenum

380mg/kgManganese

480mg/kgLithium

<0.1mg/kgMercury

9,400mg/kgIron

33mg/kgCopper

70mg/kgCaesium*

250mg/kgChromium

3mg/kgCobalt

<0.4mg/kgCadmium

540mg/kgMagnesium

750mg/kgCalcium

2mg/kgBeryllium

5,000mg/kgAluminium

5mg/kgArsenic

20/12/2017-Date analysed

18/12/2017-Date digested


P17110006/Pod 2

UNITSYour Reference


Acid Extractractable metals in soil


R01Revision No:

Page | 12 of 18


Determination of various metals by ICP-MS. METALS-022

Determination of Mercury by Cold Vapour AAS. METALS-021

Metals in soil and water by ICP-OES.METALS-020

Determination of various metals by ICP-AES. METALS-020

Leaching Environment Assessment Framework (LEAF) methods of leaching using USEPA methods SW846 1313, 1314, 1315 or 1316.

INORG-125

Anions - a range of anions are determined by Ion Chromatography based on APHA latest edition Method 4110-B. Soils and other sample types reported from a water extract unless otherwise specified (standard soil extract ratio 1:5).

INORG-081

Total Organic Carbon using APHA latest edition 5310B. DOC is filtered prior to determination.INORG-079

Chromium Reducible Sulfur - Hydrogen Sulfide is quantified by iodometric titration after distillation to determine potential acidity. Based on Acid Sulfate Soils Laboratory Methods Guidelines, Version 2.1 - June 2004.

INORG-068

Conductivity and Salinity - measured using a conductivity cell at 25°C based on APHA latest edition Method 2510. Soils reported from a 1:5 water extract unless otherwise specified.

INORG-002

pH - Measured using pH meter and electrode base on APHA latest edition, Method 4500-H+. Please note that the results for water analyses may be indicative only, as analysis can be completed outside of the APHA recommended holding times. Soils are reported from a 1:5 water extract unless otherwise specified.

INORG-001

Acid Mine Drainage determined by AMIRA International - Acid Rock Drainage Test Handbook.AMD-001

Methodology SummaryMethod ID


R01Revision No:

Page | 13 of 18


[NT]95[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1INORG-0791mg/LDissolved Organic Carbon

[NT]110[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.1INORG-0810.1mg/LFluoride

[NT]98[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LZinc-Dissolved

[NT]100[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LVanadium-Dissolved

[NT]101[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.0005METALS-0220.0005mg/LUranium-Dissolved

[NT]100[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LThallium-Dissolved

[NT]96[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.0005METALS-0220.0005mg/LThorium-Dissolved

[NT]99[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LTantalum-Dissolved

[NT]93[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LStrontium-Dissolved

[NT]102[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LTin-Dissolved

[NT]108[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LSelenium-Dissolved

[NT]102[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LAntimony-Dissolved

[NT]88[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.5METALS-0200.5mg/LSulfur - Dissolved

[NT][NT][NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LRubidium-Dissolved

[NT]102[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LLead-Dissolved

[NT]100[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LNickel-Dissolved

[NT]91[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.5METALS-0200.5mg/LSodium - Dissolved

[NT]99[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LMolybdenum-Dissolved

[NT]95[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.005METALS-0220.005mg/LManganese-Dissolved

[NT]106[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.0005METALS-0220.0005mg/LLithium-Dissolved

[NT][NT][NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.00005METALS-0210.00005mg/LMercury-Dissolved

[NT]97[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.02METALS-0200.02mg/LIron - Dissolved

[NT]100[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LCopper-Dissolved

[NT][NT][NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LCaesium-Dissolved

[NT]96[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LChromium-Dissolved

[NT]106[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LCobalt-Dissolved

[NT]99[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.0001METALS-0220.0001mg/LCadmium-Dissolved

[NT]95[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.5METALS-0200.5mg/LMagnesium - Dissolved

[NT]91[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.5METALS-0200.5mg/LCalcium - Dissolved

[NT]83[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.0005METALS-0220.0005mg/LBeryllium-Dissolved

[NT]91[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.2METALS-0200.2mg/LBoron - Dissolved

[NT]95[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.01METALS-0220.01mg/LAluminium-Dissolved

[NT]98[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.001METALS-0220.001mg/LArsenic-Dissolved

[NT]09/01/2018[NT][NT][NT][NT]09/01/2018-Date prepared

[NT]LCS-1RPDDup.Base#BlankMethodPQLUnitsTest Description

Spike Recovery %DuplicateQUALITY CONTROL: SW846-1313 LEAF pH variation


R01Revision No:

Page | 14 of 18


[NT]100[NT][NT][NT][NT]NTINORG-0680.005%w/wChromium Reducible Sulfur


Spike Recovery %DuplicateQUALITY CONTROL: Chromium Reducible Sulphur


R01Revision No:

Page | 15 of 18


[NT]95[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgZinc

[NT]92[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgVanadium

[NT]97[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0221mg/kgUranium

[NT]101[NT][NT][NT][NT]<2METALS-0202mg/kgThallium

[NT]94[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0221mg/kgThorium

[NT]91[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgStrontium

[NT]92[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgTin

[NT]85[NT][NT][NT][NT]<2METALS-0202mg/kgSelenium

[NT]97[NT][NT][NT][NT]<7METALS-0207mg/kgAntimony

[NT]93[NT][NT][NT][NT]<10METALS-02010mg/kgSulphur

[NT]104[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0221mg/kgRubidium

[NT]96[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgLead

[NT]96[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgNickel

[NT]94[NT][NT][NT][NT]<10METALS-02010mg/kgSodium

[NT]95[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgMolybdenum

[NT]97[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgManganese

[NT]102[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgLithium

[NT][NT][NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.1METALS-0210.1mg/kgMercury

[NT]93[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgIron

[NT]96[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgCopper

[NT]105[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgCaesium*

[NT]97[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgChromium

[NT]90[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgCobalt

[NT]92[NT][NT][NT][NT]<0.4METALS-0200.4mg/kgCadmium

[NT]94[NT][NT][NT][NT]<5METALS-0205mg/kgMagnesium

[NT]92[NT][NT][NT][NT]<5METALS-0205mg/kgCalcium

[NT]90[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgBeryllium

[NT]95[NT][NT][NT][NT]<1METALS-0201mg/kgAluminium

[NT]90[NT][NT][NT][NT]<2METALS-0202mg/kgArsenic

[NT]20/12/2017[NT][NT][NT][NT]20/12/2017-Date analysed

[NT]01/12/2017[NT][NT][NT][NT]19/12/2017-Date digested


Spike Recovery %DuplicateQUALITY CONTROL: Acid Extractractable metals in soil


R01Revision No:

Page | 16 of 18


Not ReportedNR

National Environmental Protection MeasureNEPM

Not specifiedNS

Laboratory Control SampleLCS

Relative Percent DifferenceRPD

Greater than>

Less than<

Practical Quantitation LimitPQL

Insufficient sample for this testINS

Test not requiredNA

Not testedNT

Result Definitions

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines recommend that Thermotolerant Coliform, Faecal Enterococci, & E.Coli levels are less than1cfu/100mL. The recommended maximums are taken from "Australian Drinking Water Guidelines", published by NHMRC & ARMC2011.

Surrogates are known additions to each sample, blank, matrix spike and LCS in a batch, of compounds whichare similar to the analyte of interest, however are not expected to be found in real samples.

Surrogate Spike

This comprises either a standard reference material or a control matrix (such as a blank sand or water) fortifiedwith analytes representative of the analyte class. It is simply a check sample.

LCS (LaboratoryControl Sample)

A portion of the sample is spiked with a known concentration of target analyte. The purpose of the matrix spikeis to monitor the performance of the analytical method used and to determine whether matrix interferencesexist.

Matrix Spike

This is the complete duplicate analysis of a sample from the process batch. If possible, the sample selectedshould be one where the analyte concentration is easily measurable.

Duplicate

This is the component of the analytical signal which is not derived from the sample but from reagents,glassware etc, can be determined by processing solvents and reagents in exactly the same manner as forsamples.

Blank

Quality Control Definitions


R01Revision No:

Page | 17 of 18


Measurement Uncertainty estimates are available for most tests upon request.

Where sampling dates are not provided, Envirolab are not in a position to comment on the validity of the analysis whererecommended technical holding times may have been breached.

When samples are received where certain analytes are outside of recommended technical holding times (THTs), the analysis hasproceeded. Where analytes are on the verge of breaching THTs, every effort will be made to analyse within the THT or as soon aspracticable.

In circumstances where no duplicate and/or sample spike has been reported at 1 in 10 and/or 1 in 20 samples respectively, thesample volume submitted was insufficient in order to satisfy laboratory QA/QC protocols.

Matrix Spikes, LCS and Surrogate recoveries: Generally 70-130% for inorganics/metals; 60-140% for organics (+/-50% surrogates)and 10-140% for labile SVOCs (including labile surrogates), ultra trace organics and speciated phenols is acceptable.

Duplicates: <5xPQL - any RPD is acceptable; >5xPQL - 0-50% RPD is acceptable.

For VOCs in water samples, three vials are required for duplicate or spike analysis.

Spikes for Physical and Aggregate Tests are not applicable.

Filters, swabs, wipes, tubes and badges will not have duplicate data as the whole sample is generally extracted during sampleextraction.

Duplicate sample and matrix spike recoveries may not be reported on smaller jobs, however, were analysed at a frequency to meetor exceed NEPM requirements. All samples are tested in batches of 20. The duplicate sample RPD and matrix spike recoveries forthe batch were within the laboratory acceptance criteria.

Laboratory Acceptance Criteria


R01Revision No:

Page | 18 of 18

False

3 3.00True

Environmental

QUALITY CONTROL REPORTWork Order : EB1724257 Page : 1 of 14

:Amendment 1

:: LaboratoryClient Environmental Division BrisbaneTRILAB PTY LTD

:Contact MR CHRIS CHANNON :Contact Customer Services EB

:Address 346A BILSEN RD

GEEBUNG QLD, AUSTRALIA 4031

Address : 2 Byth Street Stafford QLD Australia 4053

::Telephone +61 07 3265 5656 +61-7-3243 7222:Telephone

:Project Wodgina Project Date Samples Received : 17-Nov-2017

:Order number PER 1811009 Date Analysis Commenced : 27-Nov-2017

:C-O-C number ---- Issue Date : 15-Dec-2017

Sampler : ----

Site : ----

Quote number : BNBQ/333/16

No. of samples received 3:

No. of samples analysed 3:

This report supersedes any previous report(s) with this reference. Results apply to the sample(s) as submitted. This document shall not be reproduced, except in full.

This Quality Control Report contains the following information:

l Laboratory Duplicate (DUP) Report; Relative Percentage Difference (RPD) and Acceptance Limits

l Method Blank (MB) and Laboratory Control Spike (LCS) Report ; Recovery and Acceptance Limits

l Matrix Spike (MS) Report; Recovery and Acceptance Limits

SignatoriesThis document has been electronically signed by the authorized signatories below. Electronic signing is carried out in compliance with procedures specified in 21 CFR Part 11.

Signatories Accreditation CategoryPosition

Ben Felgendrejeris Brisbane Acid Sulphate Soils, Stafford, QLD

Greg Vogel Laboratory Manager Brisbane Inorganics, Stafford, QLD

Kim McCabe Senior Inorganic Chemist Brisbane Acid Sulphate Soils, Stafford, QLD

Kim McCabe Senior Inorganic Chemist Brisbane Inorganics, Stafford, QLD

R I G H T S O L U T I O N S | R I G H T P A R T N E R

2 of 14:Page

Work Order :

:Client

EB1724257 Amendment 1

TRILAB PTY LTD

Wodgina Project:Project

General Comments

The analytical procedures used by the Environmental Division have been developed from established internationally recognized procedures such as those published by the USEPA, APHA, AS and NEPM. In house

developed procedures are employed in the absence of documented standards or by client request.

Where moisture determination has been performed, results are reported on a dry weight basis.

Where a reported less than (<) result is higher than the LOR, this may be due to primary sample extract/digestate dilution and/or insufficient sample for analysis. Where the LOR of a reported result differs from standard LOR, this may be due to high moisture content, insufficient sample (reduced weight employed) or matrix interference.

Anonymous = Refers to samples which are not specifically part of this work order but formed part of the QC process lot

CAS Number = CAS registry number from database maintained by Chemical Abstracts Services. The Chemical Abstracts Service is a division of the American Chemical Society.

LOR = Limit of reporting

RPD = Relative Percentage Difference

# = Indicates failed QC

Key :

Laboratory Duplicate (DUP) Report

The quality control term Laboratory Duplicate refers to a randomly selected intralaboratory split. Laboratory duplicates provide information regarding method precision and sample heterogeneity. The permitted ranges

for the Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) of Laboratory Duplicates are specified in ALS Method QWI -EN/38 and are dependent on the magnitude of results in comparison to the level of reporting: Result < 10 times LOR:

No Limit; Result between 10 and 20 times LOR: 0% - 50%; Result > 20 times LOR: 0% - 20%.

Sub-Matrix: SOIL Laboratory Duplicate (DUP) Report

Original Result RPD (%)Laboratory sample ID Client sample ID Method: Compound CAS Number LOR Unit Duplicate Result Recovery Limits (%)

EA011: Net Acid Generation (QC Lot: 1278376)

EA011: NAG (pH 4.5) ---- 0.1 kg H2SO4/t <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No LimitAnonymous EB1725092-002

EA011: NAG (pH 7.0) ---- 0.1 kg H2SO4/t <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EA011: pH (OX) ---- 0.1 pH Unit 7.7 7.8 1.29 0% - 20%

EA011: NAG (pH 4.5) ---- 0.1 kg H2SO4/t 1.1 1.1 0.00 0% - 50%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump

P80 / Depth Not Supplied DI

Leach

EB1724257-001

EA011: NAG (pH 7.0) ---- 0.1 kg H2SO4/t 3.8 3.8 0.00 0% - 20%

EA011: pH (OX) ---- 0.1 pH Unit 3.9 3.9 0.00 0% - 20%

EA013: Acid Neutralising Capacity (QC Lot: 1278377)

EA013: ANC as H2SO4 ---- 0.5 kg H2SO4

equiv./t

12.1 12.1 0.00 0% - 20%Anonymous EB1724915-002

EA013: ANC as H2SO4 ---- 0.5 kg H2SO4

equiv./t

2.1 2.3 10.2 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EA029-G: Retained Acidity (QC Lot: 1278378)

EA029: HCl Extractable Sulfur (20Be) ---- 0.02 % S 0.028 0.029 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

ED042T: Total Sulfur by LECO (QC Lot: 1284041)

ED042T: Sulfur - Total as S (LECO) ---- 0.01 % 6.92 6.84 1.17 0% - 20%Anonymous EB1725092-001

ED042T: Sulfur - Total as S (LECO) ---- 0.01 % 0.14 0.14 0.00 0% - 50%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EP003TC: Total Carbon (TC) in Soil (QC Lot: 1284040)

3 of 14:Page

Work Order :

:Client


TRILAB PTY LTD


Sub-Matrix: SOIL Laboratory Duplicate (DUP) Report


EP003TC: Total Carbon (TC) in Soil (QC Lot: 1284040) - continued

EP003TC: Total Carbon TC 0.02 % 0.08 0.08 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

Sub-Matrix: WATER Laboratory Duplicate (DUP) Report


EA005P: pH by PC Titrator (QC Lot: 1275494)

EA005-P: pH Value ---- 0.01 pH Unit 5.36 5.27 1.69 0% - 20%Anonymous EB1725021-006

EA005-P: pH Value ---- 0.01 pH Unit 6.76 6.86 1.47 0% - 20%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EA005P: pH by PC Titrator (QC Lot: 1279423)

EA005-P: pH Value ---- 0.01 pH Unit 10.3 10.4 1.16 0% - 20%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump

P80 / Depth Not Supplied

0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

EA005-P: pH Value ---- 0.01 pH Unit 7.70 7.58 1.57 0% - 20%Anonymous EB1725171-001

EA010P: Conductivity by PC Titrator (QC Lot: 1275495)

EA010-P: Electrical Conductivity @ 25°C ---- 1 µS/cm 62 62 0.00 0% - 20%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EA010P: Conductivity by PC Titrator (QC Lot: 1279424)

EA010-P: Electrical Conductivity @ 25°C ---- 1 µS/cm 184 192 4.52 0% - 20%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

EA010-P: Electrical Conductivity @ 25°C ---- 1 µS/cm 2800 2830 1.10 0% - 20%Anonymous EB1725171-001

ED093C: Leachable Major Cations (QC Lot: 1278508)

ED093C: Magnesium 7439-95-4 1 mg/L 2 2 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


ASLP pH2.9 Leach

EB1724257-002

ED093C: Sodium 7440-23-5 1 mg/L 7 7 0.00 No Limit

ED093C: Leachable Major Cations (QC Lot: 1278515)

ED093C: Magnesium 7439-95-4 1 mg/L <1 <1 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

ED093C: Sodium 7440-23-5 1 mg/L <1 <1 0.00 No Limit

ED093W: Water Leachable Major Cations (QC Lot: 1278538)

ED093W: Magnesium 7439-95-4 1 mg/L <1 <1 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

ED093W: Sodium 7440-23-5 1 mg/L 6 6 0.00 No Limit

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EG005C: Leachable Metals by ICPAES (QC Lot: 1278509)

EG005C: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.05 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


ASLP pH2.9 Leach

EB1724257-002

EG005C: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.05 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.05 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.05 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Aluminium 7429-90-5 0.1 mg/L 4.1 4.0 3.85 0% - 20%

EG005C: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Boron 7440-42-8 0.1 mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Copper 7440-50-8 0.1 mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Iron 7439-89-6 0.1 mg/L 2.2 2.1 0.00 0% - 20%

EG005C: Lead 7439-92-1 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Manganese 7439-96-5 0.1 mg/L 0.6 0.6 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Strontium 7440-24-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Tin 7440-31-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Zinc 7440-66-6 0.1 mg/L 0.8 0.8 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Molybdenum 7439-98-7 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Sulfur 7704-34-9 1 mg/L 3.7 3.7 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Leachable Metals by ICPAES (QC Lot: 1278516)

EG005C: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.05 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

EG005C: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.05 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.05 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.05 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Aluminium 7429-90-5 0.1 mg/L 2.8 2.8 0.00 0% - 20%

EG005C: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Boron 7440-42-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Copper 7440-50-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Iron 7439-89-6 0.1 mg/L 2.6 2.6 0.00 0% - 20%

EG005C: Lead 7439-92-1 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Manganese 7439-96-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

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EG005C: Leachable Metals by ICPAES (QC Lot: 1278516) - continued

EG005C: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

EG005C: Strontium 7440-24-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Tin 7440-31-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Zinc 7440-66-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Molybdenum 7439-98-7 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005C: Sulfur 7704-34-9 1 mg/L 5.3 5.3 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Water Leachable Metals by ICPAES (QC Lot: 1278535)

EG005W: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.005 mg/L <0.005 <0.005 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EG005W: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.01 mg/L 0.04 0.02 75.6 No Limit

EG005W: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Copper 7440-50-8 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Lead 7439-92-1 0.01 mg/L <0.01 0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Manganese 7439-96-5 0.01 mg/L 0.12 0.11 11.2 0% - 50%

EG005W: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Tin 7440-31-5 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.01 mg/L 0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Zinc 7440-66-6 0.01 mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Molybdenum 7439-98-7 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Iron 7439-89-6 0.05 mg/L 1.35 1.34 0.00 0% - 20%

EG005W: Aluminium 7429-90-5 0.1 mg/L 1.48 1.47 0.744 0% - 50%

EG005W: Boron 7440-42-8 0.1 mg/L 0.1 0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG005W: Strontium 7440-24-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No Limit

EG020C: Leachable Metals by ICPMS (QC Lot: 1278510)

EG020A-C: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.001 mg/L 0.010 0.010 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


ASLP pH2.9 Leach

EB1724257-002

EG020A-C: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Lithium 7439-93-2 0.001 mg/L 0.427 0.430 0.584 0% - 20%

EG020A-C: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.005 mg/L 0.012 0.012 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

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EG020C: Leachable Metals by ICPMS (QC Lot: 1278510) - continued

EG020A-C: Copper 7440-50-8 0.01 mg/L 0.23 0.23 0.00 0% - 20%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


ASLP pH2.9 Leach

EB1724257-002

EG020A-C: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.01 mg/L 0.04 0.04 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Lead 7439-92-1 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Tin 7440-31-5 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit


EG020B-C: Caesium 7440-46-2 0.001 mg/L 0.040 0.040 0.00 0% - 20%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


ASLP pH2.9 Leach

EB1724257-002

EG020B-C: Rubidium 7440-17-7 0.001 mg/L 0.258 0.257 0.543 0% - 20%

EG020B-C: Thorium 7440-29-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit

EG020B-C: Uranium 7440-61-1 0.001 mg/L 0.004 0.004 0.00 No Limit


EG020A-C: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.001 mg/L 0.002 0.002 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

EG020A-C: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Lithium 7439-93-2 0.001 mg/L 0.159 0.153 3.88 0% - 20%

EG020A-C: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.005 mg/L 0.016 0.016 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Copper 7440-50-8 0.01 mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Lead 7439-92-1 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Tin 7440-31-5 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-C: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit


EG020B-C: Caesium 7440-46-2 0.001 mg/L 0.020 0.020 0.00 0% - 50%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

EG020B-C: Rubidium 7440-17-7 0.001 mg/L 0.162 0.151 6.70 0% - 20%

EG020B-C: Thorium 7440-29-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit

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EG020C: Leachable Metals by ICPMS (QC Lot: 1278518) - continued

EG020B-C: Uranium 7440-61-1 0.001 mg/L 0.001 0.001 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003


EG020E-C: Tantalum 7440-25-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


ASLP pH2.9 Leach

EB1724257-002


EG020E-C: Tantalum 7440-25-7 0.001 mg/L 0.001 <0.001 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

EG020W: Water Leachable Metals by ICP-MS (QC Lot: 1278536)

EG020A-W: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.0001 mg/L 0.0002 0.0002 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EG020A-W: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.001 mg/L 0.009 0.010 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.001 mg/L 0.003 0.003 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.001 mg/L 0.001 0.001 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Copper 7440-50-8 0.001 mg/L 0.009 0.010 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Lead 7439-92-1 0.001 mg/L 0.002 0.002 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Lithium 7439-93-2 0.001 mg/L 0.122 0.126 3.78 0% - 20%

EG020A-W: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.001 mg/L 0.008 0.009 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Tin 7440-31-5 0.001 mg/L 0.003 0.003 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit

EG020A-W: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 <0.01 0.00 No Limit


EG020B-W: Caesium 7440-46-2 0.001 mg/L 0.011 0.011 0.00 0% - 50%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EG020B-W: Rubidium 7440-17-7 0.001 mg/L 0.080 0.086 6.80 0% - 20%

EG020B-W: Thorium 7440-29-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit

EG020B-W: Uranium 7440-61-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No Limit


EG020E-W: Tantalum 7440-25-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EG035C: Leachable Mercury by FIMS (QC Lot: 1284187)

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EG035C: Leachable Mercury by FIMS (QC Lot: 1284187) - continued

EG035C: Mercury 7439-97-6 0.0001 mg/L <0.0010 <0.0010 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EG035W: Water Leachable Mercury by FIMS (QC Lot: 1284186)

EG035W: Mercury 7439-97-6 0.0001 mg/L <0.0001 <0.0001 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EK040P: Fluoride by PC Titrator (QC Lot: 1275493)

EK040P: Fluoride 16984-48-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 0.00 No LimitAnonymous EB1724844-001

EK040P: Fluoride 16984-48-8 0.1 mg/L 1.9 1.9 0.00 0% - 50%P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


Leach

EB1724257-001

EK040P: Fluoride by PC Titrator (QC Lot: 1279422)

EK040P: Fluoride 16984-48-8 0.1 mg/L 0.9 0.9 0.00 No LimitP17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump


0.001M KOH Leach

EB1724257-003

EK040P: Fluoride 16984-48-8 0.1 mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.00 No LimitAnonymous EB1725171-001

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Method Blank (MB) and Laboratory Control Spike (LCS) Report

The quality control term Method / Laboratory Blank refers to an analyte free matrix to which all reagents are added in the same volumes or proportions as used in standard sample preparation. The purpose of this QC

parameter is to monitor potential laboratory contamination. The quality control term Laboratory Control Spike (LCS) refers to a certified reference material, or a known interference free matrix spiked with target

analytes. The purpose of this QC parameter is to monitor method precision and accuracy independent of sample matrix. Dynamic Recovery Limits are based on statistical evaluation of processed LCS.

Sub-Matrix: SOIL Method Blank (MB)

Report

Laboratory Control Spike (LCS) Report

Spike Spike Recovery (%) Recovery Limits (%)

Result Concentration HighLowLCSMethod: Compound CAS Number LOR Unit

EA011: Net Acid Generation (QCLot: 1278376)

EA011: NAG (pH 7.0) ---- ---- kg H2SO4/t ---- 10622.5 kg H2SO4/t 13070

EA013: Acid Neutralising Capacity (QCLot: 1278377)

EA013: ANC as H2SO4 ---- ---- kg H2SO4 equiv./t ---- 1019.9 kg H2SO4 equiv./t 12082

EA029-G: Retained Acidity (QCLot: 1278378)

EA029: HCl Extractable Sulfur (20Be) ---- 0.02 % S <0.020 86.40.027 % S 13070

ED042T: Total Sulfur by LECO (QCLot: 1284041)

ED042T: Sulfur - Total as S (LECO) ---- 0.01 % <0.01 1081.66 % 13070

EN60: ASLP Leaching Procedure (QCLot: 1271257)

EN60a: Final pH ---- 0.1 pH Unit 2.9 -------- --------

EP003TC: Total Carbon (TC) in Soil (QCLot: 1284040)

EP003TC: Total Carbon TC 0.02 % <0.02 89.30.11 % 13070

Sub-Matrix: WATER Method Blank (MB)

Report




EA005P: pH by PC Titrator (QCLot: 1275494)

EA005-P: pH Value ---- ---- pH Unit ---- 1004 pH Unit 10298

---- 1007 pH Unit 10298

EA005P: pH by PC Titrator (QCLot: 1279423)

EA005-P: pH Value ---- ---- pH Unit ---- 99.84 pH Unit 10298

---- 99.77 pH Unit 10298

EA010P: Conductivity by PC Titrator (QCLot: 1275495)

EA010-P: Electrical Conductivity @ 25°C ---- 1 µS/cm <1 100221 µS/cm 10791

<1 98.412890 µS/cm 10791

EA010P: Conductivity by PC Titrator (QCLot: 1279424)

EA010-P: Electrical Conductivity @ 25°C ---- 1 µS/cm <1 10112890 µS/cm 10791

ED093C: Leachable Major Cations (QCLot: 1278508)

ED093C: Magnesium 7439-95-4 1 mg/L <1 -------- --------

ED093C: Sodium 7440-23-5 1 mg/L <1 -------- --------

ED093C: Leachable Major Cations (QCLot: 1278515)

ED093C: Magnesium 7439-95-4 1 mg/L <1 -------- --------

ED093C: Sodium 7440-23-5 1 mg/L # 34 -------- --------

ED093W: Water Leachable Major Cations (QCLot: 1278538)

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Report




ED093W: Water Leachable Major Cations (QCLot: 1278538) - continued

ED093W: Magnesium 7439-95-4 1 mg/L <1 -------- --------

ED093W: Sodium 7440-23-5 1 mg/L <1 -------- --------

EG005C: Leachable Metals by ICPAES (QCLot: 1278509)

EG005C: Aluminium 7429-90-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1011 mg/L 12389

EG005C: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.05 mg/L <0.05 -------- --------

EG005C: Boron 7440-42-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.05 mg/L <0.05 1000.5 mg/L 12088

EG005C: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1001 mg/L 11586

EG005C: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1011 mg/L 11687

EG005C: Copper 7440-50-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1021 mg/L 11787

EG005C: Iron 7439-89-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Lead 7439-92-1 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1041 mg/L 11785

EG005C: Manganese 7439-96-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1041 mg/L 11783

EG005C: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.1 mg/L <0.1 98.61 mg/L 11690

EG005C: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.05 mg/L <0.05 -------- --------

EG005C: Strontium 7440-24-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Tin 7440-31-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1011 mg/L 11288

EG005C: Zinc 7440-66-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1021 mg/L 12287

EG005C: Molybdenum 7439-98-7 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.05 mg/L <0.05 -------- --------

EG005C: Sulfur 7704-34-9 1 mg/L <1.0 -------- --------

EG005C: Leachable Metals by ICPAES (QCLot: 1278516)

EG005C: Aluminium 7429-90-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.1 mg/L <0.1 96.31 mg/L 12389

EG005C: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.05 mg/L <0.05 -------- --------

EG005C: Boron 7440-42-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.05 mg/L <0.05 1020.5 mg/L 12088

EG005C: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1021 mg/L 11586

EG005C: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1031 mg/L 11687

EG005C: Copper 7440-50-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1031 mg/L 11787

EG005C: Iron 7439-89-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Lead 7439-92-1 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1031 mg/L 11785

EG005C: Manganese 7439-96-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 97.61 mg/L 11783

EG005C: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.1 mg/L <0.1 97.61 mg/L 11690

EG005C: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.05 mg/L <0.05 -------- --------

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Report




EG005C: Leachable Metals by ICPAES (QCLot: 1278516) - continued

EG005C: Strontium 7440-24-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Tin 7440-31-5 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1001 mg/L 11288

EG005C: Zinc 7440-66-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1021 mg/L 12287

EG005C: Molybdenum 7439-98-7 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005C: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.05 mg/L <0.05 -------- --------

EG005C: Sulfur 7704-34-9 1 mg/L <1.0 -------- --------

EG005W: Water Leachable Metals by ICPAES (QCLot: 1278535)

EG005W: Aluminium 7429-90-5 0.1 mg/L <0.10 -------- --------

EG005W: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 -------- --------

EG005W: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 99.01 mg/L 11973

EG005W: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.01 mg/L <0.01 -------- --------

EG005W: Boron 7440-42-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005W: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.005 mg/L <0.005 1020.5 mg/L 11187

EG005W: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1021 mg/L 11288

EG005W: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1031 mg/L 11486

EG005W: Copper 7440-50-8 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1041 mg/L 11587

EG005W: Iron 7439-89-6 0.05 mg/L <0.05 -------- --------

EG005W: Lead 7439-92-1 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1071 mg/L 11383

EG005W: Manganese 7439-96-5 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1041 mg/L 12076

EG005W: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1011 mg/L 11385

EG005W: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 -------- --------

EG005W: Strontium 7440-24-6 0.1 mg/L <0.1 -------- --------

EG005W: Tin 7440-31-5 0.01 mg/L <0.01 -------- --------

EG005W: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1021 mg/L 11387

EG005W: Zinc 7440-66-6 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1041 mg/L 11184

EG005W: Molybdenum 7439-98-7 0.01 mg/L <0.01 -------- --------

EG020C: Leachable Metals by ICPMS (QCLot: 1278510)

EG020A-C: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.005 mg/L <0.005 97.60.1 mg/L 11387

EG020A-C: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 96.20.1 mg/L 11887

EG020A-C: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.001 mg/L <0.001 96.70.1 mg/L 10987

EG020A-C: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.01 mg/L <0.01 95.50.1 mg/L 11989

EG020A-C: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.01 mg/L <0.01 97.00.1 mg/L 11686

EG020A-C: Copper 7440-50-8 0.01 mg/L <0.01 98.20.2 mg/L 11983

EG020A-C: Lithium 7439-93-2 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020A-C: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 98.80.1 mg/L 11285

EG020A-C: Lead 7439-92-1 0.01 mg/L <0.01 97.50.1 mg/L 11088

EG020A-C: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1080.1 mg/L 10884

EG020A-C: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 97.20.1 mg/L 11079

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EG020C: Leachable Metals by ICPMS (QCLot: 1278510) - continued

EG020A-C: Tin 7440-31-5 0.01 mg/L <0.01 96.90.1 mg/L 12287

EG020A-C: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1010.1 mg/L 11285

EG020A-C: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 91.30.1 mg/L 11580


EG020B-C: Caesium 7440-46-2 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-C: Rubidium 7440-17-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-C: Thorium 7440-29-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-C: Uranium 7440-61-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------


EG020A-C: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.005 mg/L <0.005 1010.1 mg/L 11387

EG020A-C: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 95.90.1 mg/L 11887

EG020A-C: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.001 mg/L <0.001 99.00.1 mg/L 10987

EG020A-C: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.01 mg/L <0.01 96.10.1 mg/L 11989

EG020A-C: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.01 mg/L <0.01 97.20.1 mg/L 11686

EG020A-C: Copper 7440-50-8 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1010.2 mg/L 11983

EG020A-C: Lithium 7439-93-2 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020A-C: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1000.1 mg/L 11285

EG020A-C: Lead 7439-92-1 0.01 mg/L <0.01 95.90.1 mg/L 11088

EG020A-C: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 1080.1 mg/L 10884

EG020A-C: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 95.90.1 mg/L 11079

EG020A-C: Tin 7440-31-5 0.01 mg/L <0.01 97.40.1 mg/L 12287

EG020A-C: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.01 mg/L <0.01 99.00.1 mg/L 11285

EG020A-C: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 93.40.1 mg/L 11580


EG020B-C: Caesium 7440-46-2 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-C: Rubidium 7440-17-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-C: Thorium 7440-29-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-C: Uranium 7440-61-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------


EG020E-C: Tantalum 7440-25-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------


EG020E-C: Tantalum 7440-25-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020W: Water Leachable Metals by ICP-MS (QCLot: 1278536)

EG020A-W: Antimony 7440-36-0 0.001 mg/L <0.001 1070.1 mg/L 10791

EG020A-W: Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.001 mg/L <0.001 99.20.1 mg/L 11186

EG020A-W: Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 95.90.1 mg/L 11584

EG020A-W: Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.0001 mg/L <0.0001 99.40.1 mg/L 10888

EG020A-W: Chromium 7440-47-3 0.001 mg/L <0.001 99.30.1 mg/L 11288

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EG020W: Water Leachable Metals by ICP-MS (QCLot: 1278536) - continued

EG020A-W: Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.001 mg/L <0.001 97.70.1 mg/L 11590

EG020A-W: Copper 7440-50-8 0.001 mg/L <0.001 1010.2 mg/L 11586

EG020A-W: Lead 7439-92-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 99.00.1 mg/L 11389

EG020A-W: Lithium 7439-93-2 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020A-W: Nickel 7440-02-0 0.001 mg/L <0.001 1030.1 mg/L 11288

EG020A-W: Selenium 7782-49-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 96.80.1 mg/L 11780

EG020A-W: Thallium 7440-28-0 0.001 mg/L <0.001 1020.1 mg/L 11589

EG020A-W: Tin 7440-31-5 0.001 mg/L <0.001 96.60.1 mg/L 11587

EG020A-W: Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.01 mg/L <0.01 93.70.1 mg/L 11384


EG020B-W: Caesium 7440-46-2 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-W: Rubidium 7440-17-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-W: Thorium 7440-29-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG020B-W: Uranium 7440-61-1 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------


EG020E-W: Tantalum 7440-25-7 0.001 mg/L <0.001 -------- --------

EG035C: Leachable Mercury by FIMS (QCLot: 1284187)

EG035C: Mercury 7439-97-6 0.0001 mg/L <0.0001 97.30.01 mg/L 11784

EG035W: Water Leachable Mercury by FIMS (QCLot: 1284186)

EG035W: Mercury 7439-97-6 0.0001 mg/L <0.0001 96.00.01 mg/L 11783

EK040P: Fluoride by PC Titrator (QCLot: 1275493)

EK040P: Fluoride 16984-48-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 96.00.5 mg/L 11780


EK040P: Fluoride 16984-48-8 0.1 mg/L <0.1 1060.5 mg/L 11780

Matrix Spike (MS) ReportThe quality control term Matrix Spike (MS) refers to an intralaboratory split sample spiked with a representative set of target analytes. The purpose of this QC parameter is to monitor potential matrix effects on

analyte recoveries. Static Recovery Limits as per laboratory Data Quality Objectives (DQOs). Ideal recovery ranges stated may be waived in the event of sample matrix interference.

Sub-Matrix: WATER Matrix Spike (MS) Report

SpikeRecovery(%) Recovery Limits (%)Spike

HighLowMSConcentrationLaboratory sample ID Client sample ID Method: Compound CAS Number

EG035C: Leachable Mercury by FIMS (QCLot: 1284187)

P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump P80 / Depth Not Supplied

ASLP pH2.9 Leach

EB1724257-002 7439-97-6EG035C: Mercury 93.00.01 mg/L 13070


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Sub-Matrix: WATER Matrix Spike (MS) Report

SpikeRecovery(%) Recovery Limits (%)Spike

HighLowMSConcentrationLaboratory sample ID Client sample ID Method: Compound CAS Number

EK040P: Fluoride by PC Titrator (QCLot: 1275493) - continued

P17110006 / Pod 2 - Lump P80 / Depth Not Supplied

ASLP pH2.9 Leach

EB1724257-002 16984-48-8EK040P: Fluoride 85.05 mg/L 13070


Anonymous EB1725140-001 16984-48-8EK040P: Fluoride 98.05 mg/L 13070

wodgina lithium project process streams … · mineral resources limited wodgina project process...

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