WOMAN PARTICIPATION & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

Rosa Vivien Ratnawati

Director General for Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste & Toxic Subtances Management

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTRY

REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Bali , September 13th 2018

Sustainable Energy : SDGs & President’s Commitment INTRODUCTION: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

ENERGY SOVEREIGNITY

AGENDA

ENERGY INDEPENDENCY & SECURITY

Principles of Fairness, Sustainability and Environmental Insight

President’s Nawacita

UU No. 30/2007 Energy

PP No. 79/2014 National Energy

Policy (NEP)

“ENERGY INDEPENDENCY & SECURITY”

Crude Oil

Coal Renewable Energy (RE)

Natural gas

*Source: Renewable Energy Statistics 2016

34%

24%

34%

8%

2016*

20%

24%

25%

31%

2050

25%

22% 30%

23%

2025

(Sustainable) Energy Policy In Indonesia

INTRODUCTION: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

Gender Issue on Sustainable Energy Development in Indonesia

• Poor women in rural areas of developing countries generally have a more difficult time compared to men,due to their traditional socio--cultural roles.

• They often spend long hours collecting fuel wood and carrying it back home over long distances.

• The time and labour expended in this way exhausts them and limits their ability to engage in other productive and income--generating activities.

• Their health suffers from hauling heavy loads of fuel and water, and from cooking over smoky fires.

• Their opportunities for education and income generation are limited by lack of modern energy services.

• their families and communities are likely to remain trapped in poverty.

GENDER ISSUES ON ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

“Encouraging WOMEN to be treated equally in access for clean and affordable energy is a must!!”

Condition of Indonesian Forest and The People

• Forest Area in Indonesia is 120.7 million ha (63.09% of land area) with high biodiversity • Indonesia's natural resources are a significant capital for improving the welfare of people and society,

especially in the provision of Renewable Energy (RE) • A total of ± 25,863 villages are in and around the forest area, with a population classified as poor,

10.2 million people (36.73% of the total population of Indonesia) • At present, more than 40 percent of households in Indonesia or around 25 million households still use

biomass as the main fuel for cooking in rural areas, including Java.

INTRODUCTION: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

Scope of MoEF Authority on Energy Development

• As a provider of space for Renewable Energy development :

1. Forest Product Utilization Permit on production forest state area

2. Forest Area Leasehold License for Non-Forestry Activities (including new and renewable energy development)

• Research and Development of forestry products & environmental services to support sustainable energy development (As Supporting Element)

AGENDA STRATEGY

ENERGY SECURITY

Increase the Area of the utilization of production forest for biomass covering 100,000 ha

Increase the utilization of water energy from the conservation area for a minimum of 50 units of mini / micro hydropower plants

Increase the number of partnerships utilizing geothermal tank in a conservation area of at least 5 units

Increase utilization of waste & B3 waste for electrical energy

Strategic Plan of MoEF on Energy Sector

MoEF PROGRAM ON RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

Biomass, Biofuel and Waste Projection Up to 2050

2015

2016

2017

2018 2019

20rb ha

40rb ha

60rb ha

80rb ha 100rb ha

Realization of utilization area for Bionergy until June 2018 covering an area of 21,858 Ha (34 IUPHHK-HT) 21.86% of the target of 100,000 Ha

Type of Renewable Energy

2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Biomass & Biofuell (incl. palm oil)

0.002 2.15 6.12 11.61 12.70 15.72 23.56 29.45

Waste / Household & Industry waste

2.43 2.53 3.08 3.72 7.80 12.75 13.54 23.73

TOTAL 2.43 4.68 9.20 15.33 20.50 28.47 37.10 53.18

40% of the total for biomass energy**)

0.97 1.87 3.68 6.13 8.20 11.39 14.84 21.27

60% from biomass for wood pellet / chips, etc.

0.58 1.12 2.21 3.68 4.91 6.82 8.90 12.74

Biomass Energy

Growth from the

forest (%)

- 21.38 16.22 11.09 5.57 6.48 5.08 7.19

*) 1 MTOE = 11,62 tWh; and 1 kWh = 0.212 kg (wood pellet). **) Assumption: 40% of the total biomass & biofuels and waste / waste biomass chips, etc.

Sumber : MoEMR, 2013 (diolah)

Million Tones

Energy Plantation Forest Development Target

MoEF PROGRAM ON RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

Indonesia Solid Waste Management State

65.088.257,71

65.999.493,32

66.923.486,23

67.860.415,03

68.810.460,84

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Projection of SW Generation SW Composition

Source: Program Adipura, 2013

Source: BPS & MoEF, 2015

429.254,81

470.544,10

507.738,17

2011 2012 2013

Trend of Plastic Waste Generation in Several Big Cities (m3)

SW Management State (%)

Landfilled 69%

Buried (traditionally) 10%

Composted and recycled 7.5%

Burned (openly) 5%

Un-managed 8.5%

Source: Program Adipura , 2013

POTENCY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS RESOURCE

NO. Composition

Amount (tons) Usage Types %

1 Compostable organic

60 38.400.000 Compost, Biogas, Heat/Electricity

2 Plastic 14 8.960.000 Raw material, Heat/Electricity

3 Paper 9 5.760.000 Raw material

4 Metal 4,3 2.752.000 Raw material

5 Rubber 5,5 3.520.000 Refuse derived fuel

6 Textile 3,5 2.240.000 Raw material

7 Glass 1,7 1.088.000 Raw material

8 Others 2,4 1.536.000 Others

9

POLICY TRANSFORMATION (UU NO. 18/2008, PP NO. 81/2012 & PERPRES 97/2017)

• WASTE JUST POLLUTANT LOADS

• NO WASTE REDUCTION

• NO WASTE TO RESOURCE

• NO RESOURCE EFFICIENCY

• FULL VIRGIN RESOURCE EXTRACTION

• LINIER ECONOMY

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SHIFTING THE PARADIGM

END OF PIPE SOLUTION 3R & EPR CIRCULAR ECONOMY

• REDUCE WASTE AS POLLUTANT LOADS

• REDUCTION AT SOURCE

• WASTE TO RESOURCE

• RESOURCE EFFICIENCY

• LIMIT VIRGIN RESOURCE EXTRACTION

• PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

• LESS WASTE BY DESIGN

• MAKE WASTE A NEW LIFE AS LONG AS POSSIBLE

• SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES (SDG GOAL NO 11)

• RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION & PRODUCTION (SDG GOAL NO 12)

Before law Law implementation Advance implementation

Avoid & reduce waste

Raw material Business opportunity

Clean & livable cities

Alternative energy

Future investment

Flooding prevention

Mainstream issue

Waste = Solutions

Compost

New Paradigm of Our Waste Management

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (Law No. 18 Year 2008)

Key Factors: 1. Government both central and local are responsble to ensure SWM

impementation is carried out well in environmentally sound management 2. Each individual and producer oblige to reduce their waste

WASTE MINIMISATION: 1. AVOIDANCE & PREVENTION 2. RECYLING AT SOURCE 3. REUSE AT SOURCE

WASTE HANDLING: 1. SEGREGATION 2. COLLECTION 3. TRANSPORTATION 4. TREATMENT (composting, recyling, energy

recovery) 5. FINAL PROCESSING (at landfill)

NATIONAL POLICY AND STRATEGY ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TARGET 2017–2025*

Indicator 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

SW generation estimation (million ton) 65.8 66.5 67.1 67.8 68.5 69.2 69.9 70.6 70.8

SW reducing target (million ton)

9.80 (15%)

12 (18%)

13.4 (20%)

14 (22%)

16.4 (24%)

17.99 (26%)

18.9 (27%)

19.7 (28%)

20.9 (30%)

SW handling target (million ton)

47.3 (72%)

48.5 (73%)

50.3 (75%)

50.8 (75%)

50.7 (74%)

50.5 (73%)

50.3 (72%)

50.1 (71%)

49.9 (70%)

* Stated on Presidential Regulation No. 97/2017 concerning National Policy and Strategy on Solid Waste Management

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MEASUREMENT TARGET

1. DERCREASE WASTE GENERATION PER CAPITA

2. DECREASE WASTE GENERATION AT SOURCE

3. DECREASE WASTE TO LANDFILL

4. DECREASE WASTE TO ENVIRONMENT

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30% WASTE REDUCTION BY 2025

70% WASTE HANDLING BY 2025

1. INCREASE WASTE TO RECYCLE AND WASTE TO RECOVER AS ENERGY

2. DECREASE WASTE TO LANDFILL

3. DECREASE WASTE TO ENVIRONMENT

WOMEN’S ROLE ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FROM WASTE

Compostable organic waste

(68.3% fraction) is amount 44.9

million tons

42.5% of compostable organic waste

generates from household is amount 19.1 million tons

Convert to biogas using bio-digester

technology at household or community-based scale

Women Groups

Utilise biogas for cooking

Operate and maintain bio-digester facility

Note: • Total amount of solid waste generation a year 65.8 million tons (2017) • Fraction of organic waste (68.3%) and household source (42.5%) based on SIPSN (National Information System of

SWM) at www.sipsn.menlhk.go.id

Waste to Energy : from palm shell waste to biogas

Source: Center for research and development of forest products

WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION ON MoEF ENERGY PROGRAM

Biomass Reactor : simple applied tecnology

Capacity : 10 ton/batch or 20 ton/month

Abandon waste palm shell and cultivation mushroom’s

house

Biogas for household : access energy for

woman

Pilot Program 2017 –

MoEF and Lampung University

at Jatidatar Village, Lampung

No Benefits Amount

1 Energy Equal to 2 m3/ton/day = 0,9 kg LPG/ton/day = 4,5 kWh /ton/day

2 Waste utilization 20 ton/month

3 GHG reduction + 2.395 m3 CH4/year

4 Saving from gas utility Rp. 150.000/month

5 Additional income from mushroom cultivation

Rp.38.000/kg (harvest: 2-3 ton/house) around Rp. 100 million/3 months

4 Additional benefits Compost and liquid fertilizer

National Energy Security Program Waste reduction + 20 ton/month, environmental friendly for methane capture Energy alternatives on producing gas and/or electrification Energy independence for household in remote area Food security: palm shell waste converted to mushroom cultivation

Additional benefits for woman : Easy access to energy, reducing firewood, clean indoor air pollution, provide healthier life for family : decrease in abandon waste, provide mushroom for food, additional income from selling mushroom, project act as “dissemination information center” for others woman group.

2018’s projects : 6 locations Sumatera : Kab. Pelalawan, Kab. Belitung TImur, Kab. Deli Serdang, Kalimantan : Kab. Katingan, Kab. Kotabaru, Sulawesi : Kab. Mamuju Utara

Bioethanol Development (Case Study: Boalemo FMU) • Boalemo Regency has abundant palm sugar potential and generally

the palm sugar juice produced is used as raw material for palm wine

• Another benefit of sugar palm is that it can be processed into bioethanol.

• Bioethanol is an alternative fuel substitute for fossil fuels such as kerosine (kerosene), premium and pertamax

• The Forestry Research and Development Center has developed bioethanol production from Aren by involving 2 forest farmer groups, namely KTH Aren advanced Bersama and KTH aren business with members involved as many as 50 people (@ 25 people).

• On the application on the household stove, 1 liter bioethanol mix can be used for 6 hours continuously and has a performance equivalent to gas 3 kg (Rp. 20,000 - Rp. 30,000)

• Women have an important role in the development of bioethanol, namely in the processing (cooking) of Bioethanol

Source: Center for research and development of forest products

WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION ON MoEF ENERGY PROGRAM

Key Point for Gender Mainstreaming in Sustainable Energy Access

CLOSING

• Encourage access, participation, control of women and men in every stage of the program cycle, especially in planning for sustainable energy

• Lesson Learn : Involving women start from planning process, mentoring planning programs and activities according to community needs

• Triggering movement of energy saving and reducing wastes

• Sampah rumah tangga merupakan 70 % dari jumlah timbulan sampah, sehingga mengendalikan perilaku sejak dari rumah merupakan hal yang penting, dan untuk itu perempuan sangat berperan.

• Melibatkan perempuan dalam hal pengelolaan sampah merupakan salah satu cara Terbaik dalam pengendalian sampah.

• Innovation on renewable energy Utilizing available and easy-obtained resources

• Network Development, collaboration with various parties related to synchronization of programs both government, industrial actors, communities, NGOs and CSOs related to energy conservation and diversification programs.

• Develop Planning & Gender Responsive Budgeting in the Energy Sector at the Central and Regional levels

• Monitoring dan Evaluation

THANK YOU..