women empowerment case studies
TRANSCRIPT
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Case Studies of Womens Empowerment
Activities at Grass Root Level
Indonesia National Family Planning Population Board (BKKBN), May 2010
Muhammad Dawam
How Can We Improve Women Income?
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Buying foods
or pills for
birth control.?
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Indonesia family norm: NKKBS (Small familysize and prosperity)
Prosperity through productive economy
activities The are 30 percent poor families in
Indonesia (34 million, Central Statistics
Board, 2008) Most of poor family planning acceptors
have no income generating activities.
INTRODUCTION
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What Does this Mean for Indonesia
Policy ?
Needs of these women are so
great that the present, women
empowerment program should be
strengthened from central
government.
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1976 Income Generating Project focused onFamily Planning Performance (RegionalApproach)
1979 Family Planning Group Acceptors (UPPKA)1996 Family Welfare Group (UPPKS)
More support from Central and LocalGovernment Budget, International Donor
Agencies such as UNFPA, USAID, etc.;Private Sectors/Companies1997 2003 Family Welfare Fund Foundation -
(YDSM)
CENTRALIZATION PERIOD:
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2006 2009: Social assistance Rp. 5 million per
Income Generating Group2010 Household Industry Credit from Rp. 5 25
million (KRISTA) per group by MortgageCompany (accessed in 19 provinces)
Current other supports from: Financial Institution(State/private Banks, Local GovernmentBudgets, Foundation, Companies)
DECENTRALIZATION PERIODE:
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THE GOAL OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY:
TO INCREASE FAMILY EMPOWERMENT
[GOVERNMENT WORKING PLAN 2009]
PLAN OF ACTION:
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM
THE LEGAL ASPECT
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Women empowerment program through income
generating activities purposes:
1. New family planning acceptors contribution
(low contraceptive prevalence rate regions)2. Family planning acceptor supervision (high
contraceptive prevalence rate regions).
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FAMILY ECONOMY EMPOWERMENT MODEL
FATHER MOTHER
CHILDREN
FAMILY
SOCIAL
Environment
NaturalResources
Economic
Resources
Productive Economy Business
Empowerment
MG Ana Budi Rahayu,
Bina Swadaya Website, 2008
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INCOME
GENERATING
PROMOTIONS
ACHIEVEMENT
MOTIVA
TION
TRAINING
ACCESS TO:
INFORMATI
ON &
SERVICES
FAMILIESINCOME
GENERA
TING
WOMEN EMPOWERNMENT PROGRAM
[Letter NO.332/HK.010/F3/2008, Income Generating Group
Guidance BKKBN, 2008]
PARTNERS:
RELATED SECTORS
FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
ASSOCIATION
PRIVATE
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UPPKS MANAGEMENT
Human resources (training, technical assistance,
internship, study tour).
Partnership (human resources, product, capital,
business management, marketing).
Networking (parties or individual supports).
Product development (SNI/Indonesia National
Standard).
Group facilitation to access more capital. Marketing facilitation through join market,
promotion on local/national events.
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WHY DO WE CARE OF INCOME GENERATING
GROUP (UPPKS) ?
Beyond Family Planning As a media to
motivate reproductive age couples and to
keep the continuation of contraceptive users
The impact: to increase family stage started
from Pre Prosperous Family Prosperous
Family (PF) stage 1 PF stage 2 PF stage 3PF stage 3 plus
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HOW DO INCOME GENERATING GROUP
ACTIVITIES WORK?
Local Family Planning Board motivates, facilitate(funds, training), and developing the local human skilland natural resources.
Partnership with sectors concern.
Supervising along with local sectors
Managed by Family Planning Field Workers (in thevillage level) operational, monitoring andevaluation.
As a learning process at the family level
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TRADITIONAL BUSINESS
Harvesting
Processing
Packaging
Selling
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INCOME GENERATING GROUP (UPPKS):
CYCLIS MODEL
PLAN OFACTION
PROCESSING
PACKAGINGMARKETING
COSTBENEFITS
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INCOME GENERATING GROUP (UPPKS):
HIERARCHICAL MODEL
GROUPLEADERS
INDIVIDUAL BEAUTICIAN
INDIVIDUAL STAPLE FOOD
INDIVIDUAL HANDICRAFT
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY BUSINESS
50
34
16
Age Groups
41 Plus
31-40
30 Below
Source: Indonesia MiddleDevelopment Plan Survey, 2008
Total of 5.4
thousand
families
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY BUSINESS
Source: Indonesia Middle
Development Plan Survey, 2008
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY BUSINESS
Source: Indonesia MiddleDevelopment Plan Survey, 2008
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CURRENT PROFILE OF INDONESIA
INCOME GENERATING GROUP (UPPKS)[The Percentage of Group Levels]
Source: Family Economy Directorate website,UPPKS Baseline, May 2010
Total of: 65
thousand
groups
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CURRENT PROFILE OF INDONESIA
INCOME GENERATING GROUP (UPPKS)
[The Percentage Type of Businesses]
Total of: 65
thousand
groupsSource: Family Economy Directorate website,UPPKS Baseline, May 2010
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CURRENT PROFILE OF INDONESIA
INCOME GENERATING GROUP (UPPKS)[The Percentage of Current family Planning Acceptors]
Total of: 1.2
million
membersSource: Family Economy Directorate website,UPPKS Baseline, May 2010
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THE CASE STUDY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Title: Factors Affecting on Credits Installment Problems, 2000
[Management Aspect]
Results: Lack of business motivation
Wrong type of business (not market oriented) Did not have entrepreneurship behaviorWithout skill (traditional) Unqualified product
Locations: West Java and Lampung Provinces
Recommendations: Achievement motivation training intervention. Provide appropriate technological tools/machinery. Saving habit.
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Recommendations: Advocacy and facilitation to develop soft loan from the
local funding sources (BRI, Cooperation, Companies).
Provide technical assistance on group management(making proposal, access to local financial institutions).
THE CASE STUDY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Title: Income Generating Group Development, 2002
[Management Aspect]
Locations: West Java, Cental Java, Bali Provinces
Results: The end of Prosperous Family Credit (YDSM) MOU
Many business uncertainty continuing. The new credits scheme inappropriate for the poor.
Lack of coordination with partners (sectors and orfinancial institutions).
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THE CASE STUDY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Title: The Impact Of Family Welfare Credit, 2003
[Management Aspect]
Locations: West Sumatera and Yogyakarta Provinces
Results: Province program Managers lack of supervision on
economic productive techniques (paid more attentions
on credit management revolving funds, reporting). Limited managerial and technical training to Family
Planning Field Workers and Village CommunityInstitutions
Lack of community leaders and local partners
participations.
Recommendations: Province propose capacity building on management and
technical training to program managers. Provide technical guidance on economic productive up to
village level.
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Group activities continuations:
Existing supervision
Providing technical support
Group Leaders pioneering (Transparencies, building
trust, closeness).
Group product continuations:
Self motivations
Entrepreneurship Capital (internal capital collection a plus)
Technical skills
Products quality (output)
One Group Pilot Project in a sub district policy.
THE CASE STUDY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Title: The Evaluation on Income Generating Group (UPPKS)
Performance, 2008 [Management Aspect]
Locations: Central Java, South Sulawesi, and BangkaBelitung Provinces
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Results: Various strategies implementation among districts
(approach: community, and family level).
The activities tend to be income generating project itself.
Family planning group activities were not integratedyet.
THE CASE STUDY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Title: Income Generating Group (UPPKS) Reposition, 2009
[Management Aspect]
Locations: Papua, South Sulawesi, and North SulawesiProvinces
Recommendations:Back to beyond family planning through:
Focusing on the affected target (reproductive ageacceptors)
Developing integrated family planning group activities
across related components in all managerial levels
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OPERATIONAL RESEARCH ON INCOME GENERATING GROUP
MODEL INTERVENTION
Building a dream
Capability and self reliance
A succeeded entrepreneur (exposure)
Choosing business type (market observation)
Increasing quantity and quality of the products
Marketing
Budget management
Group management Business supervision
Products skills (practice)
Integrated family planning activities and services
DEVELOPED IN 1998 REPLICATED IN: 2000, 2008 AND 2009
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LESSON LEARNED
BASED ON THE WOMEN EMPOWERMENT CASE
STUDIES:
Indonesia NFPCB/BKKBN:
During three decades most of Income GeneratingGroup are at basic level.
The intensity of information and commitment to
access the local capital sources needed by BKKBNinstitution at districts (BRI, PT Pegadaian, etc).
Provincial supervision strengthen the womenempowerment program at district level.
Districts BKKBN commitment and support keep
the program continuation. The Family Planning Field Workers hold a key
position to maintain the group development andquality.
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LESSON LEARNED
BASED ON THE WOMEN EMPOWERMENT CASE
STUDIES:
Income Generating Group (UPPKS):
The group should be managed professionally
The group Cyclic Model are recommended (managable:
organization dynamic, administrative and finance, product).
Group achievement motivation training is a prerequisite. The group initiative on internal saving guarantee the group life
and development:
principal deposit
compulsory saving
voluntary savingIslamic day saving
recreational saving
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LESSON LEARNED
BASED ON THE WOMEN EMPOWERMENT CASE
STUDIES FOUND THAT:
Women empowerment contribution/ outcomes:
Decision making on the economic activities
More women get involved in the productiveeconomy activities
Family expenditures support (e.g.: schoolexpenses, extra meals, charity, etc.)
Social status impact (invitation for the UPPKSleader champion to meet The President)
Basic family health contribution
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LESSON LEARNED FROM THE WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT CASE STUDIES
Succeeded indicators: the increase number of
members, groups, types of products, group
level.
Recruitment level: should be focused on
reproductive age group (20-35 years old), and
not the beginner entrepreneurs.
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Please remember
that these women
need our help to
have more
empowerment.
Let us act now.
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Reposition/strengthen the Women EmpowermentProgram with more coordination Between Head of
BKKBN and Ministry of Trade and Industry.
Changing mind set to distribute more local
operational budgetary (Specific Allocation Budget).
Ensuring that the 65,000.00 groups meet the
capitals they need through the central government
commitments (Executive and Legislative). Stronger commitment and support to Districts
BKKBN.
What Needs to be Done:
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Estimating Cost for Capital Support
By the year 2011:
65,000.00 groups x $ 500.00 US=
$ 32,500,000.00 U.S.A
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NEEDED MORE CAPITALS SOURCES
ALTERNATIVES:
Local budgets (districts/municipalities)Finance institutions: banks, mortgages
Association for Family Planning Income Generating
Groups
Private: companies, charity board (YDSM)
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