Women with small Women with small children in Russia: types children in Russia: types of employment and labor of employment and labor

market behavior market behavior strategiesstrategies

Anna Sukhova Anna Sukhova E-mail: E-mail: anna_sukhova@inbox.ruanna_sukhova@inbox.ru

State University – Higher School of EconomicsMoscow, Russia

The Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics

23nd Annual Meeting, Madrid, SpainJune 23-25, 2011

Structure of Structure of presentationpresentation

BackgroundAim and objectivesObject and subjectDatabasesPreliminary results

* The research is conducted under the project “Women after childbearing in the Russian labor market” financed by the grant of HSE Science Foundation 2011-2012. The project head – T. Karabchuk.

BackgroundBackground

Woman

maternity

employment

child

?

• Paid and unpaid parental leave

• Discrimination by employers

• Situation with childcare services

Part time or full time

Self-employment or Employee Permanent, fixed-

term, or temporary contract

Regularity of work

The aim:The aim:To find and describe types of employment for women with small children and to define their determinants.

ObjectivesObjectives:: ◦To find types of employment for To find types of employment for women with children aged 0-1,5 years; women with children aged 0-1,5 years; 1,5-3 years; 4-6 years; 7-13 years and 1,5-3 years; 4-6 years; 7-13 years and for women without children.for women without children.◦To make typology of women’ strategies To make typology of women’ strategies on labor market according to the types on labor market according to the types of employmentof employment◦To reveal factors that influence on type To reveal factors that influence on type of strategy on the labor market that a of strategy on the labor market that a women chose after child birthwomen chose after child birth

The aim and The aim and objectivesobjectives

◦ Object Object –– women with children under women with children under 14 in 2000-2009 years. 14 in 2000-2009 years.

◦ The simple excludes pensioners, The simple excludes pensioners, invalids, because their demographic invalids, because their demographic and labor behavior could and labor behavior could significantly vary from other women.significantly vary from other women.

◦ Extra focus on women with children Extra focus on women with children under 7.under 7.

◦ SubjectSubject –– types of employment types of employment among women with small children.among women with small children.

Subject and objectSubject and object

DatabasesDatabases 1) Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS)

Years: Years: 1994-20101994-2010Sample ~ 12 000 households each yearSample ~ 12 000 households each yearPanel dataPanel dataRepresentative for RussiaRepresentative for RussiaThe survey is held in Russia by HSEThe survey is held in Russia by HSE

2) Parents and children, men and women in family and society (RiDMiZh or Rus GGS)

Years: Years: 2004, 20072004, 2007Sample ~ 11 000 households each waveSample ~ 11 000 households each waveRepresentative for RussiaRepresentative for RussiaRespondents from 18 until 84 yearsRespondents from 18 until 84 yearsThe survey is held in Russia by the The survey is held in Russia by the Independent Institute for Social Policy (IISP)Independent Institute for Social Policy (IISP)

MethodologyMethodology

Preliminary resultsPreliminary resultsWomen employment by number of Women employment by number of

childrenchildren

Source: RusGGS-2007

Women employment by age of Women employment by age of childrenchildren

Age of child Employed Unemployed

1 child in HH

Under 1,5 9% 91%

1,5 – 3 years 55% 45%

4-6 years 83% 17%

7-13 years 83% 17%

Total 74% 26%

2> children in HH

1 child under 1,5 ++ 1 preschool child

12% 88%

1 child under 1,5 ++ at least 1 school child

5% 95%

Only preschool children

42% 58%

Preschool + + school children

62% 38%

Only school children

72% 28%

Total 57% 43%

Full-time or part-time Full-time or part-time workwork

Number and age of children

Share of part-time employees

0 children 5.7%1 child 4.5%

3 and less years 6,1%4-6 years 5,2%7-13 years 3.6%Total for women with 1 child

100.0%

2 children 10.8%3 and more children 6.3%

Source: RusGGS-2007

Type of employmentType of employment

Number and age of

children

Paid employee in state

organization

Paid employee in

private compan

y

 Self-

employed or private

entrepreneur

 Work

without pay in a family enterprise or farmer Total

0 children 83% 13% 3% 1% 100%1 child 81% 14% 5% 0% 100%

3 and less years

75% 19% 6% 0% 100%

4-6 years

84% 11% 5% 0% 100%

7-13 years

81% 15% 4% 0% 100%

2 and more children

81% 11% 8% 0% 100%

Source: RusGGS-2007

Other characteristics of Other characteristics of workworkNumber of children

Work full or partly at home

0 children 3,2%1child 2,9%2 and more children

6,5%

Number and age of children

 Supervision or co-ordination the work of any

personnel

0 children 22%1 child 17%

3 and less years 5%4-6 years 16%7-13 years 20%

2 children 18%3 and more children

0%

Type of work contractType of work contract

Number of

childrenPerma-

nentFixed-time

Tempo-rary

No written contrac

t Total0 84% 9% 1% 6% 100%1 85% 10% 1% 5% 100%

3 and less years

81% 9% 0% 10% 100%

4-6 years

84% 11% 1% 4% 100%

7-13 years

86% 9% 1% 4% 100%

2 and more

87% 8% 1% 4% 100%

Next stepsNext stepsUsing RLMS database for panel analysis

that allows to observe women’ employment before and after the childbirth

Building the typology of strategies of women with small children in the labor market

Defining the determinants of every labor market behavior strategy

Developing of recommendations for Russian social and labor market policy by a part of women with small children

Thank youThank you!!