women work participation and empowerment through...

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1 7 1 T N E M R E W O P M E D N A N O I T A P I C I T R A P K R O W N E M O W G N I K A M N O I S I C E D H G U O R H T e s y l a n a o t e d a m n e e b s a h t p m e t t a n a r e t p a h c s i h t n I e h t k r o w n e m o w d e h T . g n i k a m n o i s i c e d h g u o r h t t n e m r e w o p m e d n a n o i t a p i c i t r a p s l a u d i v i d n i t n e r e f f i m e f o s e i g o l o d o h t e m t n e r e f f i d d e s u e v a h o a R a n h s i r k a h d a R . t n e m r e w o p 1 ) 1 0 0 2 ( h T . t n e m r e w o p m e f o l e d o m r a l u g n a i r t a d e t s e g g u s s i d u t s y e t a c i d n i s t a h t e h t s r o t c a f f o y t e i r a v e d i w a s e s s a p m o c n e t n e m r e w o p m e d n a l a c i t i l o p , c i m o n o c e t n e s e r p e h T . l a i c o s r e t p a h c i w o l l o f e h t e s y l a n a o t t p m e t t a n a s e k a m : s e v i t c e j b o g n . 1 a o T s y l a n e m e h t r e w o p m e n o i t a p i c i t r a p k r o w n e m o w h c i h w o t t n e t x e e h t n o i s i c e d h g u o r h t - . g n i k a m . 2 v e h t t u o d n i f o T t n e r e f f i d n e e w t e b e m o c n i y l h t n o m n i n o i t a i r a g f o s p u o r s r e k r o w n e m o w . 3 a o T s y l a n e e h t n i y l i m a F s d r a w o t n o i t u b i r t n o c r e k r o w n e m o w : e m o c n i n o i t a p i c i t r a p r i e h t n o d e s a b y l n i a m s i n e m o w f o t n e m r e w o p m e c i m o n o c E , e m o c n i f o n o i t u b i r t s i d d n a g n i s i a r o t d r a g e r h t i w s s e c o r p g n i k a m n o i s i c e d n e m o w g n i r e w o p m e f o s t r o f f e e r i t n e e h T . s l e v e l l l a t a e r u t i d n e p x e d n a s t n e m t s e v n i m e h t p l e h o t e r a y r e v e n i d n a s l e v e l l l a t a g n i k a m n o i s i c e d n i s t h g i r r i e h t e s i c r e x e o t . y t e i c o s e h t n i s r e n t r a p l a u q e s a s d l o h e s u o h e h t e d i s t u o d n a n i h t i w h t o b , e r e h p s 1 , t n e m r e w o p m E s n e m o W f o l e d o M a l a r e K , o a R a n h s i r K a j d a R e r a f l e W l a i c o S , 7 4 . l o V , 5 3 . p p , 1 0 0 2 , 1 1 . o N - . 1 4

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Page 1: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

171

TNEMREWOPME DNA NOITAPICITRAP KROW NEMOW

GNIKAM NOISICED HGUORHT

esylana ot edam neeb sah tpmetta na retpahc siht nI eht krow nemow

d ehT .gnikam noisiced hguorht tnemrewopme dna noitapicitrap slaudividni tnereffi

me fo seigolodohtem tnereffid desu evah oaR anhsirkahdaR .tnemrewop 1 )1002(

hT .tnemrewopme fo ledom ralugnairt a detseggus si duts y etacidni s taht eht

srotcaf fo yteirav ediw a sessapmocne tnemrewopme – dna lacitilop ,cimonoce

tneserp ehT .laicos retpahc iwollof eht esylana ot tpmetta na sekam :sevitcejbo gn

.1 a oT sylan e meht rewopme noitapicitrap krow nemow hcihw ot tnetxe eht

noisiced hguorht - .gnikam

.2 v eht tuo dnif oT tnereffid neewteb emocni ylhtnom ni noitaira g fo spuor

srekrow nemow

.3 a oT sylan e eht ni ylimaF sdrawot noitubirtnoc rekrow nemow :emoc ni noitapicitrap rieht no desab ylniam si nemow fo tnemrewopme cimonocE

,emocni fo noitubirtsid dna gnisiar ot drager htiw ssecorp gnikam noisiced

nemow gnirewopme fo stroffe eritne ehT .slevel lla ta erutidnepxe dna stnemtsevni

meht pleh ot era yreve ni dna slevel lla ta gnikam noisiced ni sthgir rieht esicrexe ot

.yteicos eht ni srentrap lauqe sa sdlohesuoh eht edistuo dna nihtiw htob ,erehps

1 ,”tnemrewopmE s’nemoW fo ledoM alareK“ ,oaR anhsirK ajdaR erafleW laicoS ,74.loV ,

53.pp ,1002 ,11.oN - .14

Page 2: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

271

teg yeht taht erusne dna nrae ot nemow fo yticapac eht ecnahne ot no era stroffE

lortnoc dna ot ssecca .stessa ytinummoc/ylimaf lla fo pihsrenwo/

5 1. KROW EMARF LACITYLANA EHT

smret ni derusaem neeb sah yduts tneserp eht ni nemow fo tnemrewopme ehT

fo sisab eht no deifissalc neeb sah hcihw yticapac gnikam noisiced rieht fo yB fles

)tnednopser eht yb( , yltnioj yB dna srebmem ylimaf / esuops yB esehT . eerht stcepsa

rof elbacilppa era enin noisiced eht gnirusaem rof deifitnedi era hcihw selbairav

era selbairav deifitnedi ehT .nemow fo rewop gnikam ,reerac lanoisseforp )i(

)ii( taraperp tegdub ylimaf eht fo noi i( , )ii fo gniloohcs nerdlihc ( , iv ) fo reerac

)v( ,nerdlihc enicidem dna htlaeh ( , vi seitivitca erusiel ) ( , v ii emoh fo esahcrup )

secnailppa ( , iv ii dna srehto ot stfig yawa gnivig ) (ix sesnopser ehT .sdeen lanosrep )

niatbo neeb evah ni stnapicitrap krow nemow elpmas eht morf de eerht rof stcepsa

oT .derocs neeb evah elbairav hcae rof devresbo sesnopser ehT .elbairav hcae

,tnapicitrap krow namow a fo erocs tnemrewopme latot eht eruces eerht era stniop

“ rof nevig yB fles )stnednopser( ,” 2 “ rof stniop srebmem ylimaf / esuops yB ”

eno tniop si nevig rof “ yltnioj yB ”. a fo erocs tnemrewopme latot eht suhT

lla fo serocs eht pu gnidda yb deniatbo si tnednopser 9 .selbairav

Page 3: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

371

htehw enimaxe ot tuo deirrac saw AVONA yaw enO ni gnikrow nemow re

.tnemrewopme ni noitairav tnacifingis desuac evah srotces tnereffid

.2.5 GNIKAM NOISICED HGUORHT TNEMREWOPME FO SISYLANA yb deyojne rewop gnikam noisiced eht esylana ot stpmetta noitces sihT

an selbairav eht no stnapicitrap krow nemow ylem ,reerac lanoisseforp )i(

fo reerac )vi( ,nerdlihc fo gniloohcs )iii( ,tegdub ylimaf eht fo noitaraperp )ii(

emoh fo esahcrup )iiv( ,seitivitca erusiel )iv( ,enicidem dna htlaeh )v( ,nerdlihc

to ot stfig yawa gnivig )iiiv( ,secnailppa .sdeen lanosrep )xi( dna sreh

1.2.5 reeraC lanoisseforP

ehT reerac lanoisseforp fo erutuf eht senimreted hcihw rotcaf tnatropmi a si

.ylimaf eht si reerac lanoisseforp eht ,oS gnirusaem rof rotcaf tnatropmi na

.5 elbaT .nemow fo tnemrewopme 1 ihxe ylraelc ot gnitaler nekat noisiced eht stib

.reerac lanoisseforp

Page 4: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

471

1.5 ELBAT

REERAC LANOISSEFORP NO GNIKAM NOISICED

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

.1 )stnednopseR( fleS 522

( 00.57 ) 576

381 ( 00.16 )

945

.2 srebmem ylimaF/ esuopS 35

1( 07.7 ) 601

85 (1 .9 03 )

611

.3 yltnioJ 22

( 03.7 ) 22

95 ( 07.91 )

95

latoT 003

)001( 308

003 )001(

427

.latot ot egatnecrep era stekcarb ni serugiF

morf derrefni si tI T elba 5 ylraen taht 1. 57 c rep ni gnikrow nemow eht fo tne

dna rotces cilbup rep 00.16 gnitaler snoisiced tnednepedni ekat rotces etavirp ni tnec

eht ot .reerac lanoisseforp fo noitceles ssel dnuof saw gnikam noisiced tnednepednI

tnioJ .rotces cilbup ot derapmoc nehw rotces etavirp ni yb nekat erew snoissucsid

07.91 fo esac eht ni seilimaf fo tnec rep etavirp saw egatnecrep rieht elihw rotces

03.7 tnec rep cilbup ni .rotces esuopS saw noisiced gnikat enola rebmem ylimaf ro

03.91 ni tnec rep etavirp 1 dna rotces 7. 07 ni tnec rep cilbup si ti ,suhT .rotces

latot eht morf derrefni erocs snoisiced ekat dluoc nemow gnikrow fo ytirojam taht

Page 5: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

571

ot gnitaler yltnednepedni rotces etavirp dna cilbup eht htob ni reerac lanoisseforp

.snoitazinagro

.2.5 2. :gnitegduB ylimaF

efer ereh gnitegdub ylimaF dna ytud ,desahcrup eb ot smeti suoirav eht ot sr

fo smret eht ni noitairav ,meti hcae no tneps neeb ot yenom fo tnuoma eht

no stnapicitrap krow nemow fo gnikam noisiced ehT .ekil eht dna noitpmusnoc

elbaT ni detneserp si tegdub ylimaf eht fo noitaraperp 5.2

ELBAT 5.2

TEGDUB YLIMAF EHT FO NOITARAPERP NO GNIKAM NOISICED

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

.1 )stnednopseR( fleS 901

( 03.63 ) 723

87 ( 62 )00.

432

.2 m ylimaF/ esuopS srebme 221

( 07.04 ) 442

441 ( 00.84 )

882

.3 yltnioJ 96

( 00.32 ) 96

87 ( 00.62 )

87

latoT 003

)001( 046

003 )001(

006

.latot ot egatnecrep era stekcarb ni serugiF

Page 6: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

671

si tI dnuof morf T elba 5.2 ylraen taht 84 ni gnikrow nemow eht fo tnec rep

etavirp rotces dna 07.04 ni tnec rep cilbup ylimaf eht ot gnitaler snoisiced ekat rotces

tegdub srebmem ylimaf/esuops yb . ni ssel dnuof saw gnikam noisiced tnednepednI

yb nekat erew snoissucsid tnioJ .rotces cilbup ot derapmoc nehw rotces etavirp 00.62

maf fo tnec rep fo esac eht ni seili etavirp saw egatnecrep rieht elihw rotces 00.32 rep

ni tnec cilbup latot eht morf derrefni si ti ,suhT .rotces erocs gnikrow fo ytirojam taht

tegdub ylimaf ot gnitaler yltnednepedni snoisiced ekat dluoc nemow cilbup ni ylno

gro rotces .snoitazina

3.2.5 gniloohcS . nerdlihC fo

.nosrep a fo erutuf eht senimreted hcihw rotcaf laicurc a si noitacudE

gnirusaem rof rotcaf tnatropmi na era nerdlihc fo noitacude gninrecnoc snoisiceD

elbaT .nemow fo tnemrewopme 5.3 iced eht stibihxe ylraelc ot gnitaler nekat nois

.nerdlihc fo noitacude

Page 7: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

771

ELBAT 3.5

NO GNIKAM NOISICED GNILOOHCS NERDLIHC FO

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

deirramnU /nerdlihc oN 68 )07.82( 821

( )07.24

.1 )stnednopseR( fleS 121 ( 03.04 ) 363 18

( 72 )00. 342

.2 srebmem ylimaF/ esuopS 73 ( 21 . 03 ) 47 83

( 7.21 )0 67

.3 yltnioJ 65 ( 07.81 ) 65 35

( 07.71 ) 35

latoT 003 )001( 394 003

)001( 273

t tneserper stekcarb ni serugiF - .eulav

T elba laever 3.5 s taht 03.04 dna tnec rep 00.72 ni nemow fo tnec rep cilbup

etavirp dna rotces s ot gnitaler yltnednepedni snoisiced ekat ylevitcepser fo gniloohcs

eht ediced yltnioj ohw nemow fo segatnecrep ehT .ylimaf rieht ni nerdlihc noitacude

bup ni nerdlihc rieht fo si rotces etavirp dna cil 0781 dna 07.71 ehT .ylevitcepser

fo egatnecrep esuops saw tcepser siht ni snoisiced gnikat srebmem ylimaf dna 03.21

dna 07.21 dootsrednu si ti suhT .ylevitcepser rotces etavirp dna cilbup fo esac eht ni

ocs latot fo sisab eht no noitacude eht ediced srotces htob ni nemow eht taht eulav er

.yltnednepedni nerdlihc rieht fo

Page 8: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

871

4.2.5 reeraC . nerdlihC fo

nerdlihc fo reerac ehT a si lativ .nosrep a fo erutuf eht senimreted hcihw rotcaf

gninrecnoc snoisiceD reerac eht na era nerdlihc gnirusaem rof rotcaf tnatropmi

.5 elbaT .nemow fo tnemrewopme 4 ot gnitaler nekat noisiced eht stibihxe ylraelc

.nerdlihc fo noitacude

.5 ELBAT 4

NO GNIKAM NOISICED REERAC NERDLIHC FO

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

atoT lerocS

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

nerdlihc oN deirramnU/ 68

)07.82(

821 )07.24(

.1 )stnednopseR( fleS 67

( 3.52 )0 822

04 ( 3.31 )0

021

.2 srebmem ylimaF/ esuopS 73

)03.21( 47

74 1( 5 )07.

49

.3 yltnioJ 101

( 33 )07. 101

58 ( 3.82 )0

58

latoT 003

1( )00 304

003 )001(

992

t tneserper stekcarb ni serugiF - .eulav si tI derrefni morf T elba .4.5 taht 03.52 dna tnec rep 03.31 nemow fo tnec rep

ot gnitaler yltnednepedni snoisiced ekat ylevitcepser rotces etavirp dna cilbup ni eht

fo reerac ht ni nerdlihc eht ediced yltnioj ohw nemow fo segatnecrep ehT .ylimaf rie

Page 9: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

971

fo reerac era rotces etavirp dna cilbup ni nerdlihc tnec rep 07.33 dna tnec rep 03.82

fo egatnecrep ehT .ylevitcepser esuops siht ni snoisiced gnikat srebmem ylimaf dna

saw tcepser 03.21 dna .51 07 rotces etavirp dna cilbup fo esac eht ni s .ylevitcepser

srotces htob ni nemow eht taht eulav erocs latot fo sisab eht no dootsrednu si ti suhT

eht ediced reerac nerdlihc rieht fo .yltnioj

5.2.5 enicideM dna htlaeH

ot trap tnatropmi na evah nemoW ehT .htlaeh ’srebmem ylimaf reh retfa kool

ni dehsinruf era senicidem dna htlaeh no nemow fo gnikam noisiced fo sliated

elbaT 5.5.

ELBAT 5.5

ENICIDEM DNA HTLAEH NO GNIKAM NOISICED

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP fo rebmuN

R stnednopse latoT

erocS fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

.1 )stnednopseR( fleS 01 8 .63( 0 )0 423 78

2( 9 )00. 162

.2 srebmem ylimaF/ esuopS 1 71 ( 0.93 )0 432 1 81

( 3.93 )0 632

.3 yltnioJ 57 2( 5 )00. 57 59

( 07.13 ) 59

latoT 003 )001( 336 003

)001( 295

erugiF t tneserper stekcarb ni s - .eulav

T elba setacidni ylraelc 5.5 taht 63 cilbup ni gnikrow nemow eht fo tnec rep

tuoba dna rotces 92 gnidrager snoisiced tnednepedni ekat rotces etavirp ni tnec rep

om dnuof saw gnikam noisiced tnednepednI .enicidem dna htlaeh ni er cilbup rotces

ot derapmoc nehw etavirp yb nekat erew snoisiced tnioJ .rotces 00.52 fo tnec rep

Page 10: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

081

saw egatnecrep rieht elihw rotces cilbup fo esac eht ni seilimaf 07.13 etavirp ni

.rotces esuopS saw noisiced gnikat enola rebmem ylimaf ro 00.93 nec rep cilbup ni t

dna rotces 03.93 taht erocs latot eht morf raelc si ti ,suhT .rotces etavirp ni tnec rep

snoisiced ekat dluoc nemow gnikrow fo ytirojam srebmem ylimaf ro esuops yb

.enicidem dna htlaeh rieht gnidrager

6.2.5 erusieL . seitivitcA

erusiel ehT ehT .efil ruo fo rotcaf tnatropmi rehtona era seilimaf ni seitivitca

elbaT ni nevig era seitivitca erusiel no gnikam noisiced .6.5

ELBAT 6.5

SEITIVITCA ERUSIEL NO GNIKAM NOISICED

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

.1 )stnednopseR( fleS 132 )00.77( 396 871

)03.95( 435

.2 srebmem ylimaF/ esuopS 02 )07.6( 04 57

)00.52( 051

.3 yltnioJ 94 )03.61( 94 74

)07.51( 74

latoT 003 )001( 287 003

)001( 137

ep era stekcarb ni serugiF latot ot egatnecr

elbaT 5.6 taht swohs 77 . 00 dna tnec rep 03.95 cilbup ni nemow fo tnec rep

erusiel gnidrager yltnednepedni snoisiced ekat ylevitcepser rotces etavirp dna

,rotces etavirp htiw derapmoc si rotces cilbup nehW .ylimaf rieht ni seitivitca

edni fo segatnecrep ehT .rotces cilbup ni erom dnuof saw gnikam noisiced tnednep

Page 11: WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19469/10/10_chapter 5.pdfhave used di ff erent methodolog ies of empo we rm ent. Radh

181

era srotces etavirp dna cilbup ni seitivitca erusiel eht ediced yltnioj ohw nemow

03.61 dna 07.51 fo egatnecrep ehT .ylevitcepser esuops gnikat srebmem ylimaf ro

iht ni snoisiced si drager s 07.6 dna 00.52 rotces etavirp dna cilbup fo esac eht ni

gnikrow taht eulav erocs latot fo sisab eht no devresbo si ti suhT .ylevitcepser

.srotces etavirp dna cilbup htob ni seitivitca erusiel eht ediced nemow

cnailppA emoH fo esahcruP .7.2.5 se

ehT eht fo eno si secnailppa emoh fo esahcrup .efil ruo fo rotcaf tnatropmi

no gnikam noisiced ehT secnailppa emoh fo esahcrup era nwohs .7.5 elbaT ni

ELBAT 5.7

SECNAILPPA EMOH FO ESAHCRUP NO GNIKAM NOISICED

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

.1 )stnednopseR( fleS 721 ( 3.24 )0 183 49

( 13 )03. 282

.2 srebmem ylimaF/ esuopS 88 ( 3.92 )0 671 621

( 24 )00. 252

.3 yltnioJ 58 ( .82 4 )0 58 08

( 7.62 )0 08

latoT 003 )001( 246 003

)001( 416

latot ot egatnecrep era stekcarb ni serugiF

si tI dootsrednu eht morf T elba 7.5 taht 03.24 dna rotces cilbup ni tnec rep

03.13 no secnailppa emoh esahcrup ot noitisop a ni erew rotces etavirp ni tnec rep

erew snoisiced tnioJ .noisiced nwo rieht yb nekat 04.82 cilbup fo esac eht ni tnec rep

dna rotces 07.62 .rotces etavirp ni tnec rep esuopS gnikat enola rebmem ylimaf ro

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281

saw ecnailppa emoh ot gnitar noisiced 03.92 dna tnec rep 00.24 cilbup ni tnec rep

efni si tI .ylevitcepser rotces etavirp dna taht sisylana eht morf derr tnednepedni

tnanimod eb ot dnuof saw noisiced srebmem ylimaf ro esuops dna rotces cilbup ni

rotces etavirp ni noisiced yduts eht ni secnailppa emoh fo esahcrup eht gnidrager

.aera

8.2.5 stfiG yawa gniviG

tros emos si erehT fo srebmem sA .stfig gniviecer dna gnivig ni erusaelp fo

yadhtrib ,gniddew ekil snoisacco ynam no srehto ot stfig evig ot evah ew ,yteicos eht

llew a si tI .ekil eht dna - pihsdneirf eht sehcirne ycilop ekat dna evig taht tcaf nwonk

a pleh lautum ,ynomrah ni noitatimil a ecaf nemow tuB .elpoep gnoma ekil eht dn

eht tuohtiw snoisacco tsom no snoisiced tnednepedni ekat tonnac yehT .tcepser siht

ot tnatiseh era nemow ,snoisacco ynam nO .seilimaf rieht ni nem eht fo tnesnoc

eht ot eud snoitcnuf laicos dnetta elbaT .stneserp fo kcal 5.8 emos stneserp

.srehto ot stfig yawa gnivig no gnikam noisiced fo stluser gnitseretni

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381

ELBAT 5.8

SREHTO OT STFIG YAWA GNIVIG NO GNIKAM NOISICED

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

.1 )stnednopseR( fleS 1 68

(6 .2 0 )0 855

921 ( 00.34 )

783

.2 srebmem ylimaF/ esuopS 55

( 03.81 ) 011

49 ( 3.13 )0

881

.3 yltnioJ 95

( 7.91 )0 95

77 2( .5 )07

77

latoT 003

)001( 727

003 )001(

256

p era stekcarb ni serugiF latot ot egatnecre si tI detciped elbaT eht morf 5.8 taht 00.26 rotces cilbup ni nemow fo tnec rep

4 dna 00.3 gnidrocca ,srehto ot stfig evig dna esahcrup dluoc rotces etavirp ni tnec rep

.noisiced nwo rieht ot 07.91 dna tnec rep 07.52 nemow fo tnec rep dna cilbup ni

devresbo si tI .yltnioj snoisiced eht koot yeht taht detroper ylevitcepser rotces etavirp

dluow yeht ,yenom dah yeht fi taht dias evah nemow ynam taht yevrus eht gnirud

.srehto rof stfig yub ot elba eb osla

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481

9.2.5 sdeeN lanosreP

d ehT ni detneserp era nemow fo sdeen lanosrep no gnikam noisiced fo sliate

elbaT 5.9 .

ELBAT 5.9

SDEEN LANOSREP NO GNIKAM NOISICED

.IS.oN nekaT noisiceD laniF

cilbuP etavirP fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

fo rebmuNstnednopseR

latoTerocS

.1 opseR( fleS )stnedn 762 ( 00.98 ) 108 012

( 00.07 ) 036

.2 srebmem ylimaF/ esuopS -- -- 95 ( 07.91 ) 811

.3 yltnioJ 33 1( 0.1 )0 33 13

( 03.01 ) 13

latoT 003 )001( 438 003

)001( 977

latot ot egatnecrep era stekcarb ni serugiF

elbaT 5.9 taht stibihxe 00.98 fo tnec rep dna rotces cilbup ni gnikrow nemow

00.07 noisiced gnikat rotces etavirp ni gnikrow tnec rep flesreh yb rieht gnidrager

nehw rotces etavirp ni ssel saw eulav erocs fo egatnecrep ehT .sdeen lanosrep

.nemow fo gnikam noisiced rotces cilbup ot derapmoc 00.11 nemow fo tnec rep

dna rotces cilbup ni gnikrow 03.01 koot rotces etavirp ni gnikrow nemow fo tnec rep

.yltnioj snoisiced lanosrep rieht no noisiced ’srebmem ylimaf ro esuops fo esac nI

tnec rep 07.91 ,sdeen rotces etavirp ni enola snoisiced rieht dah . hT eb yam ti su

nemow fo snoisiced deen lanosrep fo ytirojam taht eulav erocs eht morf derrefni

.yltnednepedni nekat eb dluoc rekrow

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581

5. 01.2 AVONA yaW enO fo sisylanA

desuac evah srotces tnereffid ni gnikrow nemow rehtehw niatrecsa ot redro nI

tnacifingis .tuo deirrac saw tset AVONA yaw eno ,serocs tnemrewopme ni noitairav

ni nevig era stnapicitrap krow nemow rof AVONA yaw eno fo stluser detupmoc ehT

elbaT 5. 01 .

ELBAT 5. 01

SEROCS TNEMREWOPME FO STLUSER TSET AVONA YAW ENO

STNAPICITRAP KROW NEMOW GNOMA I N ECIVRES ROTCES S

ecruoS fo seergeD modeerF

muS latoT serauqS fo

naeM erauqS

F – eulav F 50.0

spuorg neewteB 1 6 68.135 68.1356 *29.41 00.3

spuorg nihtiW 5 79 6 29.2515 31.901

latoT 5 99 87.48617

.level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingiS *

stluser ehT elbaT ni detneserp 5. 01 tnacifingis a saw ereht taht delaever

nemow rotces etavirp dna cilbup neewteb serocs tnemrewopme ni noitairav

fo tnemrewopme eht taht dedulcnoc eb yam ti suhT .aera yduts eht ni seeyolpme

gnoma srotces tnereffid htiw deirav nemow .srekrow nemow

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681

.3.5 TNEREFFID NEEWTEB EMOCNI YLHTNOM NI NOITAIRAV

SREKROW NEMOW FO SPUORG

ylhtnom ni noitairav eht enimaxe ot edam neeb sah tpmetta na ,noitces siht nI

,rotces etavirp dna cilbup neewteb srekrow nemow fo emocni ,gniknab

tacinummocelet .latsop dna noi dna yletarapes deilppa saw AVONA yaw eno siht roF

elbaT ni detneserp era stluser eht 5 1. 1 , 5 1. 2 dna 5. 31 .

ELBAT 5 1. 1

ENO - GNOMA EMOCNI YLHTNOM FO STLUSER TSET AVONA YAW

ROTCES ETAVIRP DNA CILBUP NI SREKROW NEMOW

fo ecruoSnoitairaV

latoT muSserauqS fo

fo seergeDmodeerF

muS naeMserauqS fo

F- oitar F elbaT 50.0

neewteBspuorg

027984 1 027984 *68.6 48.3

nihtiW puorg

4 0421721 5 89 54.51096

latoT 06906714 5 99

.level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingiS *

fo stluser ehT T elba 5. 11 delaever eht ni noitairav tnacifingis a saw ereht taht

ti ,ecneH .srotces etavirp dna cilbup neewteb srekrow nemow fo emocni ylhtnom

gnoma rotces rof yltnacifingis deirav emocni ylhtnom eht taht dedulcnoc eb yam

.srekrow nemow

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781

eno fo stluser ehT - f tset AVONA yaw ni srekrow nemow ro ,gniknab

rotces cilbup rednu latsop dna noitacinummocelet elbaT ni detneserp era 5. 21 .

ELBAT 5 1. 2

ENO - GNOMA EMOCNI YLHTNOM FO STLUSER TSET AVONA YAW

NI SREKROW NEMOW DNA NOITACINUMMOCELET ,GNIKNAB

LATSOP ROTCES CILBUP REDNU

fo ecruoS noitairaV

muS latoTserauqS fo

fo seergeDmodeerF

muS naeMserauqS fo

F- eulav F elbaT 50.0

neewteBspuorg

3 06849 2 034791 *02.6 48.3

nihtiW puorg

1 0137520 2 79 04.63543

latoT 07125601 992

.level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingiS *

rf delaever si tI elbaT mo 5 1. 2 eht ni noitairav tnacifingis a saw ereht taht

neewteb emocni ylhtnom fo latsop dna noitacinummocelet ,gniknab nemow

ylhtnom eht taht dedulcnoc eb yam ni ,ecneH .rotces cilbup ni gnikrow seeyolpme

neewteb yltnacifingis deirav emocni ,gniknab .latsop dna noitacinummocelet

elbaT 5 1. 3 eno fo stluser eht stibihxe - ni gnikrow nemow rof tset AVONA yaw

rednu secivres latsop dna noitacinummocelet ,gniknab .rotces etavirp

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881

31.5 ELBAT

ENO - GNOMA EMOCNI YLHTNOM FO STLUSER TSET AVONA YAW

I SREKROW NEMOW DNA NOITACINUMMOCELET ,GNIKNAB N

ROTCES ETAVIRP REDNU LATSOP

fo ecruoSnoitairaV

muS latoTserauqS fo

fo seergeDmodeerF

muS naeMserauqS fo

F- eulav F elbaT 50.0

neewteBspuorg

3 64 32 0 2 511371 1. 86 48.3

nihtiW puorg

9 37 52 12 792 04.96723

latoT 87001 247 992

.level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingiS *

si tI dnuof elbaT morf 5 1. 3 taht on saw ereht eht ni noitairav tnacifingis

neewteb emocni ylhtnom fo secivres latsop dna noitacinummocelet ,gniknab nemow

ni gnikrow seeyolpme etavirp yam ni ,ecneH .rotces ylhtnom eht taht dedulcnoc eb

emocni yrav ton seod neewteb yltnacifingis ,gniknab yleman srotces ecivres eerht

.rotces etavirp rednu secivres latsop dna noitacinummocelet

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981

.4.5 SDRAWOT NOITUBIRTNOC REKROW NEMOW FO SISYLANA :EMOCNI YLIMAF

ssa ot redro nI eht ,emocni ylimaf ot srekrow nemow fo noitubirtnoc eht sse

gniwollof :deilppa si sisylana noisserger elpitlum

Y goL = 0 + 1 X gol 1 + 2 X gol 2 u +

,erehW

Y )seepur( ni emocni ylimaf latoT =

X1 )seepur ni( srekrow nemow fo sgninraE =

X2 ninraE = )seepur ni( sesuops rieht fo g

U emocni ylimaf latot fo noitairav denialpxenu ro mret rorrE = .selbairav tuo tfel eht htiw detaicossa

0 , 1 dna 2 .detamitse eb ot sretemarap eht era

p krow nemow rof yletarapes detamitse saw ledom evoba ehT eht fo stnapicitra

era stluser detamitse ehT .serauqs tsael fo dohtem eht yb srotces etavirp dna cilbup

elbaT ni detneserp 5 1. 4 dna 5 1. 5.

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091

ELBAT 5 1. 4

NI SREKROW NEMOW ROF STLUSER NOISSERGER DETAMITSE

ROTCES CILBUP

elbairaV gniknaB tacinummoceleT noi latsoP

tpecretnI 2123.1 6157.1 6184.1

X1 *7190.0 )2410.3(

*2180.0 )1729.2(

*6680.0 )2796.3(

X2 *8390.0 )2796.3(

*9970.0 )1710.4(

*1580.0 )1741.3(

R2 6108.0 3677.0 2197.0

F – eulav 47.231 27.69 17.811

fo .oN snoitavresbo

001 001 001

serugiF t tneserper stekcarb ni - seulav .level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingis yllacitsitats era stneiciffeoc eht taht setacidnI *

elbaT morf devresbo eb dluoc tI 5 1. dedulcni selbairav tnednepedni eht taht 4

rof ledom eht ni dnu latsop dna noitacinummocelet ,gniknab re evah rotces cilbup

fo esac eht nI .emocni ylimaf latot ni snoitairav tnec rep 08 ot 77 detacidni gniknab ,

oc eht - elpitlum fo tneiciffe snoitanimreted R( 2 tnec rep 61.08 gnitacidni 6108.0 saw )

oc noisserger ehT .emocni latot ni noitairav - tneiciffe v fo fo sgninrae yleman selbaira

tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingis yllacitsitats erew sgninrae ’sesuops rieht dna srekrow nemow

yb emocni ylimaf latot eht esaercni dluoc selbairav eseht ni esaercni tinu enO .level

.ylevitcepser tnec rep 8390.0 dna tnec rep 7190.0

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191

I fo esac eht n ,noitacinummocelet ni srekrow nemow tnednepedni owt

ehT .emocni ylimaf latot fo tnec rep 36.77 rof elbisnopser yltnioj era selbairav

oc - yllacitsitats erew sesuops rieht dna srekrow nemow fo sgninrae fo stneiciffe

5 ta tnacifingis yam selbairav eseht ni esaercni tinu eno taht seilpmi tI .level tnec rep

.emocni ylimaf latot ni esaercni tnec rep 9970.0 dna tnec rep 2180.0 ot dael

nI secivres latsop R , 2 yb denialpxe era snoitairav tnec rep 21.97 taht setacidni

tnednepedni owt eht erew selbairav eht htoB .ledom eht ni dedulcni selbairav

eseht fo tinu lanoitidda na taht snaem tI .level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingis yllacitsitats

tnec rep 1580.0 dna tnec rep 6680.0 yb emocni ylimaf latot esaercni dluoc selbairav

lav F ehT .ylevitcepser yllacitsitats si ledom noisserger detamitse taht setacidni eu

.sesac eerht ni tnec rep eno ta tnacifingis

elbaT 5 1. 5 rof snoitauqe noisserger fo seulav detamitse eht swohs ,gniknab

rednu secivres latsop dna noitacinummocelet .rotces etavirp

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291

ELBAT 5 1. 5

NI SREKROW NEMOW ROF STLUSER NOISSERGER DETAMITSE

ROTCES ETAVIRP

elbairaV gniknaB noitacinummoceleT latsoP

tpecretnI 6170.1 7423.1 3781.1

X1 *4560.0 )1326.4(

*7950.0 )2697.3(

*7160.0 )4321.4(

X2 *3270.0 )1676.5(

*7860.0 )4129.4(

*8960.0 ( )1601.5

R2 9657.0 9417.0 1737.0

F – eulav 61.831 47.801 63.121

fo .oN snoitavresbo

001 001 001

t tneserper stekcarb ni serugiF - seulav oc eht taht setacidnI * - .level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingis yllacitsitats era stneciffe

elbaT 5 1. 5 taht slaever fo esac eht ni gniknab eht lla ,srotces etavirp rednu

tnec rep 96.57 tuoba nialpxe yltnioj ledom noisserger eht ni dedulcni selbairav

oc noisserger ehT .emocni ylimaf latot ni snoitairav - tneiciffe yleman selbairav fo

sgninrae dna srekrow nemow fo sgninrae yllacitsitats erew sesuops rieht fo

selbairav eseht ni tinu noitidda na taht setacidni tI .level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingis

tnec rep 3270.0 dna tnec rep 4560.0 yb emocni ylimaf latot esaercni dluoc

.ylevitcepser

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391

fo esac eht nI noitacinummocelet 2R , av rep 94.17 gnitacidni 9417.0 saw eul

oc ehT .emocni ylimaf latot ni noitairav tnec - srekrow nemow fo sgninrae fo tneiciffe

tI .level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingis yllacitsitats erew sesuops rieht fo sgninrae dna

selbairav eseht ni esaercni tinu eno taht snaem yam tceffa 7860.0 dna tnec rep 7950.0

.emocni ylimaf latot ni esaercni tnec rep

nI ecivres latsop 2R , tnedneped eht ni snoitairav tnec rep 17.37 taht setacidni

yleman selbairav ehT .selbairav yrotanalpxe eht lla yb denialpxe era elbairav

ow fo sgninrae yllacitsitats erew sesuops rieht fo sgninrae dna srekrow nem

,selbairav eseht ni esaercni tinu eno rof taht seilpmi tI .level tnec rep 5 ta tnacifingis

tnec rep 8960.0 dna tnec rep 7160.0 yb desaercni eb dluoc emocni ylimaf latot

v F rep sA .ylevitcepser ot dnuof si dettif ledom noisserger eht ,2 selbat ni nevig eula

.sesac eerht ni level tnecrep eno ta tnacifingis eb

5.5 YRAMMUS

I eht morf dedulcnoc eb yam t evoba nemow fo noitubirtnoc eht taht sisylana

inrae eht naht erom si emocni ylimaf sdrawot srekrow .sesuops rieht fo sgn

etubirtnoc srekrow nemow fo sgninrae eht ,eroferehT erom .emocni ylimaf sdrawot