wood education presentation - tboake.com · wood education presentation wood construction, ......
TRANSCRIPT
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood Education Presentation
Wood Construction, and
Structural Wood Products and their various Applications
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood as a Material
• preferred building material for residential construction in North America
• New engineered wood products (EWP) and Code changes have increased share of commercial market
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood is Renewable
• Over 600 million seedlings are planted in Canada each year
• The volume of trees in Canada’s productive forests increased by 3.8% in the last 15 years (1981-95)
Why Use Wood?
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood is Sustainable
Why Use Wood?
The rate of growth in Canada’s commercial forests is equivalent to:
• 50,354 houses a day• 2,098 houses an hour• 35 houses a minute
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood is Environmentally Friendly
Why Use Wood?
Wood Steel Concrete
Manufacturing
ENERGY USE
Energy Use(GJ x 108)
75.5
4
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood is Environmentally Friendly
Why Use Wood?
Manufacturing
GREENHOUSE GAS
Wood Steel Concrete
Equivalent CO2
(Tonnes)
10501300
750
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood is Environmentally Friendly
Why Use Wood?
Wood Steel Concrete
WATER POLLUTION
Index Valuex 108
165
1 5
Manufacturing
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood is Environmentally Friendly
Why Use Wood?
Wood Steel Concrete
RESOURCE EXTRACTION
Index Value x 105
60
3530
Manufacturing
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood is Thermally Efficient
Why Use Wood?
Wood R-Value = 1.5/inSteel R-Value = .0024/in
Wood keeps the heat in
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood is Thermally Efficient
Why Use Wood?
02468
1012141618
2x4 - R12 2x6 - R20
WoodSteel
Effective R-Value
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Consists of:• dimension lumber• specialty lumber• timber
Structural Lumber
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Canadian Lumber is manufactured according to NLGA Standard Grading Rules:
• approved by the Canadian Lumber Standards Accreditation Board • approved by the American Lumber Standard Board of Review
Structural Lumber - Grading
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Structural Lumber - Grading
Example Dimension Lumber Grade Stamp
Grading Agency -Canadian Lumbermen’s Association
Assigned Grade
Mill designation
Species Group
Moisture Content
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Machine Stress Rated (MSR)• lumber which is evaluated mechanically
& visuallyFeatures:-more predictable properties-higher strengths than visually graded lumber
Specialty Lumber
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Fingerjoined Lumber• dimension lumber into which fingerjoined
profiles have been machined and end-glued together
Features:-longer spans
Specialty Lumber
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Engineered Wood Products
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Engineered Wood Products
An Engineered Wood Product (EWP) is a product that has gone through a process to
provide better or more predictable properties.
•longer spans•greater load carrying capacity•more design flexibility
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Engineered Wood Products
Plywood Oriented Strandboard (OSB)
GlulamParallel Strand Lumber (PSL)
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)
I-Joists / Open-Web JoistsTrusses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Plywood
Thin veneers glued together oriented at cross grain. •structural panels use waterproof phenol-formaldehyde resin glue certified for exterior use
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Plywood - Features
can be treatedcan be used in exposed exterior applications
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Plywood - Sizes
commonly available in sheets 1220mm (4’) by 2440mm (8’) longavailable in thicknesses of 7.5mm(9/32”) to 31.5mm(1-7/32”) unsandedavailable in thicknesses of 6mm(1/4”) to 30mm(1-3/16”) sandedother sizes custom manufactured
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Plywood - Uses
Uses•floor sheathing & underlayment•wall sheathing•roof sheathing
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Plywood - Specialty Uses
Specialty Uses•preserved wood foundations•concrete formwork•plywood Box Beams•stress-skin panels
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Plywood - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Oriented Strandboard
•Successive layers of 80mm (3 1/8”) strands aligned at 90o to each other•use waterproof phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive or equivalent binder and wax for adhesion
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Oriented Strandboard - Features
high shear value (commonly used for webstock for I-joists)not recommended for exposed exterior applications
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Oriented Strandboard - Sizes
most common panel size is 1220mm x 2440mm (4’ x 8’)thicknesses are available from 6mm (1/4”) to 28.5mm(1-1/8”)custom sizes may be specially ordered
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Oriented Strandboard - Uses
Uses•wall sheathing•floor sheathing•roof sheathing
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Oriented Strandboard - Specialty Uses
Specialty Usesconcrete formworksidingstructural insulated panelsI-joist webs
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Oriented Strandboard - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Oriented Strandboard - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Oriented Strandboard - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam
•dimension (lamstock) lumber glued together under controlled conditions•pieces are end jointed or butted and arranged in horizontal layers•uses special grade (lamstock) lumber with a maximum MC = 15%
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam -Features
•produces large members, many shapes & sizes•can be curved and tapered•suitable for exterior & interior applications•industrial, commercial or quality finish•uses waterproof adhesives for end jointing and face bonding
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam - Sizes
available in lengths up to 40m (130’) however, limited by transportation restrictions
standard finished widths range from 80mm (3”) to 365mm (14-1/4”)
standard depths range from 114mm (4 1/2”) to 2128mm (7’) or more
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam - Uses
Columns, beams, headers and girderscurved members loaded in combined bending and compressionused where structure of building is left exposed for architectural featuresheavy trusses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Glulam - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Parallel Strand Lumber
High strength composite lumber product manufactured by gluing strands (~ 3mm x 13mm x 2.4m) of wood together under pressure.
•Manufactured from douglas fir or southern pine
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Parallel Strand Lumber - Features
•consistent properties•resistant to seasoning stresses•high load carrying capabilities•well suited to applications where appearance is important
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Parallel Strand Lumber - Sizes
•length usually limited to 20m (66’) due to transportation constraints•beams sold in thicknesses of 45mm - 178mm (1 3/4”-7”)•can be sawn to any dimension•multitude of cross-sections
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Parallel Strand Lumber - Uses
•beams & columns (post & beam construction) •beams, headers & lintels (light frame construction)•heavy timber•trusses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Parallel Strand Lumber - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Parallel Strand Lumber - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Parallel Strand Lumber - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Veneer Lumber
Type of structural composite lumber consisting of wood veneers coated with waterproof adhesives glued together and oriented in the same direction.
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Veneer Lumber - Features
•strong when edge-loaded as a beam & when face loaded as a plank•dimensionally stable•high strength•high reliability, lower variability
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Veneer Lumber -Sizes
•available in lengths up to 24.4m (80’)•manufactured in thicknesses from 19mm to 89mm (3/4”-3 1/2”)•common LVL beam depths are 241mm to 476mm (9 1/2”-18 3/4”)•easily cut to length at site
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Veneer Lumber -Uses
•as flange member for prefab. wood I-joists•well suited to applications where open web steel joists (OWSJ) & light steel beams may be considered•beams & headers•scaffold planking
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Veneer Lumber - New Uses
New Applications
•columns•wall studs•trusses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Veneer Lumber - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Strand Lumber
Consists of long strands (~300mm) oriented in a parallel direction laminated together with an isocyanurate-based adhesive.
•Manufactured from aspen
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Strand Lumber - Features
•uniform and consistent properties•dimensional stability•manufactured to a consistent moisture content and uniform dimensions
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Strand Lumber - Sizes
•studs available in lengths up to 22 feet•studs generally available in 2” x 4” or 2” x 6” •rim boards generally 1 1/4” wide •rim boards usually available in depths of 9 1/2” to 16”
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Strand Lumber - Uses
•tall wall studs•rim boards
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Strand Lumber - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Laminated Strand Lumber - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood I-Joists
Manufactured by gluing solid sawn lumber, LVL or MSR flanges to a plywood or OSB web.
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood I-Joists - Features
•dimensionally stable, lightweight member•uniform stiffness, strength •known engineering properties•use exterior rated waterproof adhesives
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood I-Joists - Sizes
•length limited by transportation to 20m (66’)•common depths range from 241mm to 508mm (9 1/2”-20”)•common flange widths vary from 45mm to 89mm (1 3/4”-3 1/2”)•web thickness usually varies from 9.5mm to 12.7mm (3/8”-1/2”)•sizes can be specially ordered
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood I-Joists - Uses
•floor and roof joists•economical alternative to OWSJ•well suited for longer span joist & rafter applications
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood I-Joists - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood I-Joists - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Open Webbed Joists
Metal plate connected, glued or metal webbed trusses used for floor or roof joists.
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Open Webbed Joists
Many manufacturers
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses
Structural frame relying on a triangular arrangement of webs and chords to transfer loads to reaction points.
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses
There are two categories of trusses:
1. Light Frame Trusses (metal plate connected)2. Heavy Timber Trusses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Light Frame
•made from dimension lumber of various sizes •chords and webs connected by the use of toothed galvanized steel connector plateshydraulically pressed into precut lumber
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Heavy Timber
•made from timbers or from manufactured wood products (i.e. glulam, PSL)•members connected using bolts & plates, split rings, and special brackets & hangars
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Features
•unlimited shape & size•economy•ease of fabrication•fast delivery•simplified erection procedures•all trusses are custom designed•flexibility in layout & longspans
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Sizes
•shapes and size restricted only by manufacturing capabilities, shipping limitations & handling considerations
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Uses
•floor systems•roof systems
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Trusses - Uses
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Engineered Wood Products
Summary •engineered products with consistent properties - strength, MC, dimension•proprietary products except panels and glulam•long span capabilities•economical alternative to steel and concrete systems•engineering support from manufacturers
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Two basic types:
1. Light-frame2. Post & Beam
Wood Construction
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
The use of closely spaced members of dimension lumber size combined with sheathing to form the structural elements of the building.
Two basic methods:
Wood Construction - Light Frame
A.) Platform ConstructionB.) Balloon Construction
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Platform Construction:
Consists of a floor platform upon which the walls are built. The second storey floor is then built on top of the first floor walls.
Wood Construction - Light Frame
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Balloon Construction:Wall members continue past the floors. The joists are then suspended from the completed wall frames.
Wood Construction - Light Frame
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood Construction - Light Frame
Single-family Residential
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood Construction - Light Frame
Multi-family Residential
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood Construction - Light Frame
Commercial
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
The use of large, widely spaced members to provide structural support.
Wood Construction - Post & Beam
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood Construction - Post & Beam
Single-family Residential
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Wood Construction - Post & Beam
Commercial
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
• Use DRY LUMBER when possible• facilitate shedding of water• protect edge and end grain• allow access for air drying
Architectural Considerations
Wood and moisture
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Architectural Considerations
Lateral Design - earthquakes & wind
Light-Frame• sheathing and framing together resist lateral loads- shearwalls
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Architectural Considerations
Lateral Design - earthquakes & wind
Post & Beam•columns and beams support vertical loads and diagonal bracing or other support is required to resist lateral loads
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Canadian Conseil Wood canadienCouncil du bois
Architectural Considerations
Fire Resistance
• Heavy Timber has inherent fire resistance• Light frame uses GWB to achieve 45 min
to 2 hour FRR