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King Street Village Summary Report 2012

City of SydneyTown Hall House456 Kent StreetSydney NSW 2000

Figure 1: King Street Village Location Map

King Street Village

Introduction

The City of Sydney undertakes its comprehensive Floor Space and Employment Survey (FES) every five years to coincide with the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Census of Population and Housing. The latest FES is the second to encompass those areas amalgamated into the City of Sydney from the former South Sydney and Leichhardt Councils in 2004, and allows the City of Sydney to investigate and report on changes in workforce, businesses and floor space across Surveys.

The FES collects data on all businesses, floor space uses and employment numbers for every building or property within the City of Sydney local government area (LGA). It provides a snapshot of the built form, land uses and economic activity of the City of Sydney every five years. The field data captured for the current Survey was undertaken during 2012.

The data collection phase of the FES involves field surveyors visiting every business in the City of Sydney to determine what industry the business is in, how many workers are in each business, and the floor space use of each business through visual inspection and the use of existing floor space. Information for various capacity measures such as quantity of seating, parking, rooms and units are also collected. Residential uses are only surveyed from the street and validated by checking existing floor plans. The data is entered into a Geographic Information System (GIS) database to allow 2- and 3-dimensional mapping, analysis and reporting.

The data is used by both internal and external stakeholders as a basis for strategic planning, policy formulation, business development and forecasting.

King Street Village is located in the south western part of the LGA and shares its boundary with Marrickville Council. The area includes parts of the suburbs of Camperdown, Newtown, Erskineville and Alexandria. It is bounded by Parramatta Road to the north, Euston Road and Campbell Road to the south and King Street and Church Street to the west (see Figure 1).

King Street Village is characterised by a diverse mix of land uses. The retail heart of the village area is concentrated along King Street, stretching from the south of Darlington to Sydney Park in South Newtown. Residential pockets are dispersed throughout the village area. Terrace houses and Victorian cottages continue to characterise the eastern half of the village in Erskineville and Newtown. Multi-unit developments built in the last ten years are located in the southern half of the village area opposite Sydney Park. King Street Village is also home to Sydney’s two key health and educational institutions, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred (RPA) Hospital. The continued expansion of these two major institutions plays an important role in driving growth in both employment and floor space in King Street Village, as seen in the most recent FES.

The 2012 FES collected data from 4,516 sites in the Village, including 803 business premises. The total internal floor space surveyed was 2,179,114 m², an increase of 3.5% from the previous Survey. A further 1,642,543 m² of external area (including parks, backyards, balconies, pools etc.) were also included in the data.

1 / King Street Village FES Report

Figure 2 below shows the extent of King Street Village, looking north. Residential uses are shown in dark red, and dominate the central section of the Village, whilst business uses are shown in light brown and are primarily located along King Street on the western border, and two major areas in the north (Sydney University and RPA) and the south (Ashmore Estate Industrial Area).

Figure 2. King Street Village looking north.

In 2007, the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS) Estimated Resident population (ERP) indicated 18,037 residents living in King Street Village. By 2011, the ERP for King Street Village had risen to 19,514, representing an increase of 8.2% over five years. The proportion of the City of Sydney’s residents in King Street Village remained consistent, representing around 11% of the total LGA population in 2007 and 2011. By 2031, King Street Village is expected to accommodate over 27,696 residents, representing a 42% increase from 2011. 1 The resident population of King Street Village was housed in 10,791 dwellings at the time of the Survey. Around 43% of dwelling stock located in King Street Village comprises of units in multi-storey flats (either converted or purpose-built) whilst nearly a third (32.7%) comprises of terrace houses/villas. There was a small expansion in new dwelling stock, with a further 346 dwellings counted, an increase of 3.3% between the two Surveys. It is anticipated that future expansion of residential stock in King Street Village will be largely driven by the redevelopment of the 17 hectare Ashmore Precinct site.2

Employment in King Street Village has increased by over a third (34.3%) between the Surveys, from 13,081 in 2007 to 17,572 in 2012. Full-time employment increased by 43.9% whilst part-time employment increased by 15.8%. Meanwhile, the average number of workers per business increased from 17.6 to 21.9 over the same period.

1City of Sydney Population Forecasts, Research performed by .id Consulting Pty Ltd. Available at: http://forecast2.id.com.au/Default.aspx?id=148&pg=5000 2 City of Sydney, Residential Monitor December 2012. Available at: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/142514/Issue-no.-49-December-2012.pdf


http://forecast2.id.com.au/Default.aspx?id=148&pg=5000

Whilst the number of internal parking spaces in King Street Village increased by 3.3%, external parking spaces, on the other hand, fell by 2.8% between 2007 and 2012. Overall, there was a 0.5% net increase of total parking spaces between the two Surveys.

King Street Village also experienced an expansion in visitor accommodation stock with hotel rooms increasing by 34.8% between the two surveys. Furthermore, 55 new serviced apartments units located on one site were completed in King Street Village since the last survey.

The key totals for the 2007 and 2012 Surveys are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Key Totals for King Street Village, 2007-2012Category 2007 2012 Chang

e%

ChangeGeneral

Sites Surveyed 4,499 4,516 17 0.4%Buildings Surveyed 4,380 4,401 21 0.5%Businesses Surveyed 744 803 59 7.9%

Areas

Internal Floor Area (m²) 2,106,118

2,179,114 72,995 3.5%

External Area (m²) 1,644,337

1,642,543 -1,794 -0.1%

Total Surveyed Area (m²) 3,750,455

3,821,656 71,201 1.9%

EmploymentFull-time Employment 8,645 12,436 3,791 43.9%Part-time Employment 4,436 5,136 700 15.8%Total Employment 13,081 17,572 4,491 34.3%

ResidentialNumber of Dwellings 10,445 10,791 346 3.3%Buildings with Dwellings 3,954 3,958 4 0.1%Population 18,037 19,514 1,477 8.2%Occupancy Rate 1.73 1.81 - -

Tenant ParkingInternal Parking Spaces 5,083 5,252 169 3.3%External Parking Spaces 4,402 4,278 -124 -2.8%Total Parking Spaces 9,485 9,530 45 0.5%

Visitor AccommodationHotel Accommodation (Rooms) 198 267 69 34.8%Serviced Apartments (Units) 0 55 55 NABackpacker Accommodation (Beds) 52 144 92 176.9%


Industry Classification

The FES codes each business establishment based on a modified Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) – 2006. ANZSIC classifies the primary activity of a business into 16 ‘Divisions’ and then into 506 4-digit ‘Industries’. The Survey has further expanded these into 644 unique business uses. This allows for more detailed analysis of business, employment and floor space uses.

The 644 Industry Codes have been re-categorised into a ‘City-Based Industry Sector’ Classification based on the method used by the City of Greater London. This classification better reflects the mix of uses within the business community of city centres such as the City of Sydney. There are nineteen ‘business’ related industry divisions, and a further five ‘non-business’ related industry divisions within the City-Based Industry Sector Classification. This allows for an in-depth analysis of industry groupings such as Creative Industries, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Tourist, Cultural and Leisure.

Table 2 following shows the breakdown by City-Based Industry of employment, businesses and (business) floor space for King Street Village in 2012. During the Survey, data was collected on 803 businesses; there were 17,572 workers counted; and businesses occupied 877,212m² of internal floor space.

The predominant industries in terms of employment and floor space in King Street Village were represented by the Higher Education and Research and Health sectors. These two sectors combined accounted for over half (54.1%) of the business floor area located in King Street Village in 2012. The Higher Education and Research sector was the largest employer, providing 6,735 jobs and occupying a third (32.9%) of business floor area in King Street Village. The Health sector followed, providing 3,441 jobs in 2012 and occupying just over a fifth (21.2%) of total business floor area in King Street Village.

Whilst the Health and Higher Education and Research sectors dominated jobs and business floor space use in King Street Village, these two industries continue to remain heavily concentrated in the hands of a small number of businesses. In terms of business numbers, the Food and Drink sector still remains the leader in 2012, representing 22.8% of all businesses in King Street Village. This was followed by Retail and Personal Services accounting for 18.2% of all businesses in 2012. Apart from Health and Higher Education and Research, the industry sectors employing more than 700 workers in King Street Village are Professional and Business Services (1,549), Food and Drink (1,078), Retail and Personal Services (770), Creative Industries (767) and Tourist, Cultural and Leisure (741). These five sectors combined represent 27.9% of the King Street Village workforce.

Tables 3, 5 and 6 (following) show the changes in the number of businesses, employment and business floor space use by each of the City-Based Industry Sectors between 2007 and 2012.

Business Establishments

Between 2007 and 2012, the number of businesses in King Street Village increased by 7.9%, from 744 to 803 businesses. The largest increase to business numbers occurred in the Food and Drink sector, with an additional 23 business establishments followed by Tourist, Culture and Leisure sector with an additional 18 business establishments compared to 2007.

Of the 744 businesses located in the Village in 2007, 576 were still operating in the same location in 2012. Industry sectors which experienced the highest turnover of businesses were Retail and Personal Services with 47 businesses ceasing or moving operations followed by Food and Drink with 36 businesses ceasing or moving operations. Despite the high turnover in Food and Drink, this sector still experienced a 14.4% increase in establishments since 2007. This trend may indicate the competitive nature of the Food and Drink sector in the village which is dominated by the concentration of restaurants and cafes along King Street Village where businesses are either


ceasing operation or moving out yet being replaced by new businesses which continue to operate in the same sector.


Table 2. Overview of City-Based Industry Sectors, King Street Village, 2012

City-Based Industry Sector Businesses

% of Total Businesses

Employment

% of Total Employment

Business Floor Area

% Business

Floor AreaCommunity 20 2.5% 212 1.2% 27,498 3.1%Creative Industries 49 6.1% 767 4.4% 44,787 5.1%Finance and Financial Services 8 1.0% 58 0.3% 1,930 0.2%Food and Drink 183 22.8% 1,078 6.1% 32,049 3.7%Government 8 1.0% 195 1.1% 9,053 1.0%Health 52 6.5% 3,441 19.6% 185,932 21.2%Higher Education and Research 76 9.5% 6,735 38.3% 288,854 32.9%ICT 16 2.0% 102 0.6% 12,668 1.4%Life Science (Bio-tech) 7 0.9% 37 0.2% 1,045 0.1%Manufacturing 12 1.5% 324 1.8% 19,185 2.2%Motor Vehicle 15 1.9% 85 0.5% 5,408 0.6%Natural Resource-Based Industries 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%Other* 0 0.0% 214 1.2% 0 0.0%Professional and Business Services 38 4.7% 1,549 8.8% 34,780 4.0%Property Development and Operation 30 3.7% 211 1.2% 6,026 0.7%Retail and Personal Services 146 18.2% 770 4.4% 36,401 4.1%Social Capital 48 6.0% 373 2.1% 21,426 2.4%Tourist, Cultural and Leisure 56 7.0% 741 4.2% 51,312 5.8%Transport and Logistics 38 4.7% 671 3.8% 92,939 10.6%Utilities 1 0.1% 9 0.1% 5,920 0.7%Total 803 100.0% 17,572 100.0% 877,212 100.0%


*’Other’ industry sector data may include nil businesses, nil employment and/or nil business floor area. This is explained by: the inclusion of non-private households which employ staff, such as student accommodation and aged care facilities; and, workers counted in common areas of multi-tenanted buildings who are not directly linked to a business establishment.

Table 3. Business Mix By City-Based Industry Sectors, King Street Village, 2007-2012

City-Based Industry Sector 2007

% of 2007 Businesses

2012

% of 2012 Businesses

Change2007-2012

% Change 2007-2012

Community 21 2.8% 20 2.5% -1 -4.8%Creative Industries 43 5.8% 49 6.1% 6 14.0%Finance and Financial Services 10 1.3% 8 1.0% -2 -20.0%Food and Drink 160 21.5% 183 22.8% 23 14.4%Government 11 1.5% 8 1.0% -3 -27.3%Health 48 6.5% 52 6.5% 4 8.3%Higher Education and Research 76 10.2% 76 9.5% 0 0.0%ICT 10 1.3% 16 2.0% 6 60.0%Life Science (Bio-tech) 7 0.9% 7 0.9% 0 0.0%Manufacturing 23 3.1% 12 1.5% -11 -47.8%Motor Vehicle 18 2.4% 15 1.9% -3 -16.7%Natural Resource-Based Industries 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 NAOther 1 0.1% 0 0.0% -1 -100.0%Professional and Business Services 29 3.9% 38 4.7% 9 31.0%Property Development and Operation 20 2.7% 30 3.7% 10 50.0%Retail and Personal Services 143 19.2% 146 18.2% 3 2.1%Social Capital 39 5.2% 48 6.0% 9 23.1%Tourist, Cultural and Leisure 38 5.1% 56 7.0% 18 47.4%Transport and Logistics 44 5.9% 38 4.7% -6 -13.6%Utilities 3 0.4% 1 0.1% -2 -66.7%Total 744 100.0% 803 100.0% 59 7.9%


Table 4. Recent and Established Businesses By City-Based Industry Sectors, King Street Village, 2012

City-Based Industry Sector Established(Pre-2008)

Commenced2008-2012

% Established

Community 20 0 100.0%Creative Industries 32 17 65.3%Finance and Financial Services 7 1 87.5%Food and Drink 124 59 67.8%Government 6 2 75.0%Health 41 11 78.8%Higher Education and Research 72 4 94.7%ICT 5 11 31.3%Life Science (Bio-tech) 6 1 85.7%Manufacturing 10 2 83.3%Motor Vehicle 10 5 66.7%Natural Resource-Based Industries 0 0 NAOther 0 0 NAProfessional and Business Services 27 11 71.1%Property Development and Operation 17 13 56.7%Retail and Personal Services 96 50 65.8%Social Capital 32 16 66.7%Tourist, Cultural and Leisure 37 19 66.1%Transport and Logistics 33 5 86.8%Utilities 1 0 100.0%Total 576 227 71.7%

Figures 3a and 3b show the percentage share of the top six City-Based Industry Sectors in 2007 and 2012. Food and Drink remains the predominant industry in terms of the number of businesses and share of business establishments, with share marginally increasing from 21.5% to 22.8%. Retail and Personal Services retained its position across the two survey periods in second spot, with business share falling slightly from 19.2% to 18.2%. Transport and Logistics fell from fifth to seventh place in 2012, and now represents only 4.7% of total business establishments. In contrast, the Tourist, Cultural and Leisure sector has jumped from seventh to fourth place, accounting for 7% of total business establishments in King Street Village. With around 20% of residents in King Street Village attending either university or TAFE and 45% of the population aged between 20-39 years3, it is not surprising to see the growth in the Tourist, Cultural and Leisure sector where a relatively young population is contributing to the demand for goods and services in this sector.

3 Based on Census 2011 and Estimated Resident Population data prepared by ID Consulting using ABS data.



Figure 3a. Percentage Share of Top Six Industry Sectors, 2007

Figure 3b. Percentage Share of Top Six Industry Sectors, 2012

Employment

In the period between the Surveys, employment in King Street Village increased by over a third or 34.3%. In 2012, there were 17,572 workers counted across eighteen industry sectors. Fourteen sectors experienced employment growth in King Street Village. The Health sector had the most significant impact on King Street Village employment, contributing 1,992 additional workers to the area since the last survey. Professional Services followed, providing 984 additional workers whilst Higher Education and Research provided a smaller addition of 682 workers since 2007. The smaller growth of 11.3% of workers in Higher Education and Research, may suggest that cuts to university funding over recent years has impacted staffing levels at major institutions such as the University of Sydney located in King Street Village. Despite the Health sector experiencing only a small increase to overall business numbers, the large increase in employment numbers is mainly driven by the expansion of the RPA Hospital workforce, jumping by over 1,900 workers since the last survey.

Table 5 (following) shows the breakdown of employment by City Based Industry Sector for 2007 and 2012, with the percentage share of each sector and the change between Surveys. Professional and Business Services and ICT had the largest percentage increases to their workforce over a five year period. The Creative Industries sector also performed strongly, adding 237 additional workers in 2012 and representing the fourth largest contributor of additional workers to King Street Village since 2007. The growth of jobs in Creative Industries coinciding with Health and Higher Education and Research could also be an indication of the growing synergies taking place across the three sectors.

In 2012, businesses in King Street Village employed 21.9 workers on average across all sectors. Higher Education and Research had the highest average workers per establishment with 88.6 followed by Health with 66.2 workers per business. Retail and Personal Services and Life Sciences (Bio-Tech), on the other hand, had the fewest workers per business, both sectors averaging 5.3 workers in 2012. The average number of workers per establishment in 2007 was 17.6.

The increase in the average number of workers in 2012 is largely driven by the Health and Professional and Business Service sectors. These two sectors have both experienced significant growth in their worker numbers with relatively smaller increases to absolute business numbers. The average number of workers in Health more than doubled from 30.2 to 66.2 and for Professional and Business Services from 19.5 to 40.8 workers between the two survey periods.

The following figures (4a and 4b) illustrate the proportion of employment across the top six industry sectors in 2007 and 2012 respectively. The Higher Education and Research industry sector had the highest proportion of employment in both 2007 and 2012, although its share decreased over the period, from 46.3 % to 38.3%.

The Health sector continued to be the second highest employer in both Surveys, with its percentage share increasing from 11.1% in 2007 to 19.6% in 2012.

Professional and Business Services and ICT were the only other sectors which at least doubled their percentage share of employment over the two periods, increasing from 4.3% to 8.8% and 0.3% to 0.6% respectively.

Creative Industries also increased its total employment share, increasing from 4.1% to 4.4% and moving into the top six industry sectors for the first time in 2012. On the other hand, Transport and Logistics fell from fourth position in 2007 to eight position in 2012, with employment share falling from 5.6% to 3.8%.


Table 5. Employment By City-Based Industry Sectors, King Street Village, 2007-2012

City-Based Industry Sector 2007 % of 2007 Employment 2012 % of 2012

EmploymentChange

2007-2012% Change 2007-2012

Community 187 1.4% 212 1.2% 25 13.4%Creative Industries 530 4.1% 767 4.4% 237 44.7%Finance and Financial Services 87 0.7% 58 0.3% -29 -33.3%Food and Drink 896 6.8% 1,078 6.1% 182 20.3%Government 187 1.4% 195 1.1% 8 4.3%Health 1,449 11.1% 3,441 19.6% 1,992 137.5%Higher Education and Research 6,053 46.3% 6,735 38.3% 682 11.3%ICT 38 0.3% 102 0.6% 64 168.4%Life Science (Bio-tech) 28 0.2% 37 0.2% 9 32.1%Manufacturing 364 2.8% 324 1.8% -40 -11.0%Motor Vehicle 84 0.6% 85 0.5% 1 1.2%Natural Resource-Based Industries 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 NAOther 238 1.8% 214 1.2% -24 -10.1%Professional and Business Services 565 4.3% 1,549 8.8% 984 174.2%Property Development and Operation 175 1.3% 211 1.2% 36 20.6%Retail and Personal Services 573 4.4% 770 4.4% 197 34.4%Social Capital 261 2.0% 373 2.1% 112 42.9%Tourist, Cultural and Leisure 565 4.3% 741 4.2% 176 31.2%Transport and Logistics 738 5.6% 671 3.8% -67 -9.1%Utilities 63 0.5% 9 0.1% -54 -85.7%

Total 13,081 100.0% 17,57

2 100.0% 4,491 34.3%



Figure 4a. Percentage Share of Top Six Industry Sectors, 2007

Figure 4b. Percentage Share of Top Six Industry Sectors, 2012

The following figures (5 and 6) show the distribution of employment by block in 2012 and the change in employment numbers by block between 2007 and 2012 respectively.

The largest concentration of employment occurs in the northern half of King Street Village which coincides with the University of Sydney and RPA Hospital and to the south coinciding with the Ashmore Precinct. It is important to note the southernmost block which contains 606 workers is mainly concentrated within a small pocket located on the eastern fringe of Sydney Park which actually occupies the vast majority of this block in terms of geographic area.


Figure 5. Total Employment by Block, 2012

Figure 6 below shows that the largest absolute change to employment numbers since 2007 has also occurred in the northern half of King Street Village and Ashmore Precinct whilst the southernmost block, despite accommodating a workforce greater than 500 in 2012 has lost nearly 60 workers since 2007.

Looking ahead, it is expected that the spatial distribution of employment in King Street Village will become further concentrated in the North as areas such as Ashmore Precinct will convert to residential use.


Figure 6. Total Employment Change by Block, 2007 to 2012

Floor Area

The 2012 FES measured nearly 2.2 million square metres of internal floor space in King Street Village. Additionally, data was collected on 1.64 million square metres of external space, including parks, car parks, terraces and balconies. The measurements for the floor space uses were collected by creating spatial entities for each non-contiguous space, and attributing relevant attribute data such as employment numbers, capacity and vacancy to each. Every individual space is held in a Geographic Information System (GIS) database, and is related to the business that uses it. The GIS calculates the areas automatically, and allows 2-D and 3-D rendering of the data.

The internal floor areas by City-Based Industry for 2007 and 2012 are shown in Table 6 above. The Higher Education and Research sector occupies the largest amount of internal business floor area in King Street Village, representing 288,854m² of floor space. This sector accounts for a third (32.9%) of all internal business floor area in King Street Village. Health is the second largest occupier, utilising 185,932 m² of floor space, accounting for over a fifth (21.2%) of total internal business floor area in the village.

Despite its declining share of total employment in 2012, Transport and Logistics, has maintained its position as accounting for the third largest share of internal business floor area at 10.6%. However, there is further evidence of the continued contraction of the Transport and Logistics sector in King Street Village, with internal floor space declining by 13.6% or just over 14,600 m² between the two surveys.

Other industries which have experienced large declines in their respective internal floor space are Manufacturing (loss of 3,840m² or -16.7%), Property Development and Operation (-2,347 or -28%) and Community (-1,607 or -5.5%).

The Higher Education and Research sector had the highest increase to floor area, with an additional 44,741m² and representing an increase of 18.3% between the two surveys. The ICT sector experienced the highest growth rate, with internal floor space increasing by over three and half times from 2,791 m² in 2007 to 12,668 m² in 2012. Overall, there was a net increase to business floor space of 52,700m² or 6.4% change between 2007 and 2012.

King Street Village has experienced a 2.4% increase to its residential floor area over a five year period, increasing from 927,005 m² to 948, 956 m² in 2012. A further 346 new dwellings were added to the existing stock in King Street Village area over the same period.


Table 6. Internal Floor Area By City-Based Industry Sectors, King Street Village, 2007-2012

City-Based Industry Sector 2007m²

% of 2007 Floor Space

2012m²

% of 2012 Floor Space

Change2007-2012

% Change 2007-2012

Community 29,104 3.5% 27,498 3.1% -1,607 -5.5%Creative Industries 41,166 5.0% 44,787 5.1% 3,621 8.8%Finance and Financial Services 2,668 0.3% 1,930 0.2% -738 -27.7%Food and Drink 29,825 3.6% 32,049 3.7% 2,223 7.5%Government 9,158 1.1% 9,053 1.0% -105 -1.1%Health 181,196 22.0% 185,932 21.2% 4,736 2.6%Higher Education and Research 244,113 29.6% 288,854 32.9% 44,741 18.3%ICT 2,791 0.3% 12,668 1.4% 9,878 353.9%Life Science (Bio-tech) 1,029 0.1% 1,045 0.1% 16 1.6%Manufacturing 23,025 2.8% 19,185 2.2% -3,840 -16.7%Motor Vehicle 6,981 0.8% 5,408 0.6% -1,572 -22.5%Natural Resource-Based Industries 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 NAProfessional and Business Services 32,247 3.9% 34,780 4.0% 2,533 7.9%Property Development and Operation 8,373 1.0% 6,026 0.7% -2,347 -28.0%Retail and Personal Services 37,903 4.6% 36,401 4.1% -1,501 -4.0%Social Capital 17,634 2.1% 21,426 2.4% 3,792 21.5%Tourist, Cultural and Leisure 42,162 5.1% 51,312 5.8% 9,150 21.7%Transport and Logistics 107,553 13.0% 92,939 10.6% -14,614 -13.6%Utilities 7,586 0.9% 5,920 0.7% -1,665 -22.0%Total Business Floor Area 824,513 100.0% 877,212 100.0% 52,700 6.4%

Private Households 977,399 46.4% 1,013,034 46.5% 35,635 3.6%Non-Private Households 87,843 4.2% 82,812 3.8% -5,031 -5.7%Other 108,514 5.2% 119,048 5.5% 10,534 9.7%Redevelopment 14,240 0.7% 10,636 0.5% -3,604 -25.3%Vacant 93,610 4.4% 76,372 3.5% -17,238 -18.4%Total Businesses Floor Area 824,513 39.1% 877,212 40.3% 52,700 6.4%Total Floor Area 2,106,118 100.0% 2,179,114 100.0% 72,995 3.5%



Figure 7a. Percentage Share of Top Six Industry Sectors by Floor Area, 2007

Figure 7b. Percentage Share of Top Six Industry Sectors by Floor Area, 2012

Figures 7a and 7b show the percentage share of business floor area for the top six industries in 2007 and 2012 respectively. In 2007 and 2012, Higher Education and Research had the highest share of floor space, representing 29.6% in 2007 and increasing to a larger share of 32.9% in 2012.

The top two industry sectors, Higher Education and Research and Health continue to dominate business floor area in King Street Village, taking up more than half of the available space. In 2007 the two industries had a 51.6% share of total business floor area, which grew to 54.1% in 2012.

The largest drops to floor space areas were in Transport and Logistics (loss of 14,614 m² and Manufacturing (loss of 3,840 m²) between 2007 and 2012. It is expected that floor space shares in Transport and Logistics and Manufacturing are expected to fall further over the coming years with the transformation of Ashmore Precinct into mainly residential use. Floor space growth is expected to continue in the Health and Higher Education and Research sectors with a number of projects determined or in the planning pipeline including the redevelopment of the North West Precinct of RPA Hospital expected to contribute over 13,200m² of gross floor area, the development of Centre for Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease and the Australian Institute of Nanoscience Science Research and Education Facility.

In 2012, the average business size is 1,092.4 m² across all sectors and space use. The Food and Drink sector had the lowest average space use at 175.1m² whilst the Utilities had the largest at 5,920m², owing to the operation of one single business in this sector.

Figure 8 below geographically depicts the distribution of internal floor area by block for King Street Village in 2012. Internal floor area again is dominated in the northern half of King Street Village coinciding with the RPA Hospital and the University of Sydney. In addition, the highest levels of floor space use are also located in the high density residential area opposite Sydney Park and the adjoining Ashmore Industrial Estate. The lowest areas of internal floor space are located in areas characterised by low density residential areas in central King Street Village where terrace houses and semi-detached cottages dominate the landscape.


Figure 8. Total Internal Floor Space by Block, 2012

Space Use

The City of Sydney Floor Space and Employment Survey collects data in three levels, from individual ‘Space Units’ (space uses), which belong to ‘Establishments’, which are located in ‘Buildings’. The FES data classifies all floor area within the LGA according to the way in which the space is used. Each space use is assigned a code, which is categorised according to fourteen different space use divisions. Space use codes are also used to record employment, seating capacities, dwelling and room numbers and parking spaces. These space uses can then be related to the industry use of each establishment, and the location of each building. In 2012, there were 28,864 internal and 12, 616 external individual space units recorded in King Street Village. This represents a 14.3% increase in the number of records collected compared to the 2007 Survey.

Table 7 indicates the internal floor area by Space Use Division within King Street Village in 2007 and 2012. In terms of absolute area, the largest increase occurred in Office space, where an additional 34, 569m² of space was added since 2007. This was followed by Residential, adding 21,951m² of space and Parking contributing a further 20,121 m² of space, primarily driven by a corresponding expansion of residential space.

The largest loss of space between 2007 and 2012 occurred in the Community Space Use division, declining by nearly 30,000 m² over his period. Despite this significant decrease in community space, employment dedicated to this space use increased almost fivefold between 2007 and 2012, from 382 to 1,835 (see Table 8). This was the second largest increase to employment across a given space use after Office space, which increased by 2,359 workers over the same period.

Table 8 shows the total employment by Space Use Division for King Street Village in both 2007 and 2012. Those Space Uses with no employment (or minor employment) have been aggregated into the Other category.

The majority of employment in King Street Village is located in Office space uses, comprising 72% of all employment with 12,656 workers. The Community Space Use Division holds the second highest number of workers with 1,835 or 10.4% of the total employment. These two space divisions also have the largest increases to worker numbers over the five year period. Despite the contraction of internal floor area across the Shop/Showroom, Industrial, Community and Transport space use categories between the two surveys, the number of workers dedicated to each of these spaces uses has either remained stable or increased over the same period.

The FES collects a number of capacity measures that are related to different types of space uses. The capacities are recorded for each individual space record. Table 9 following shows the capacity of restaurant seating, café seating, and meeting room / boardroom seating aggregated across the Village for 2007 and 2012.

In the five year period from 2007 to 2012, there was a 48.3% increase in the number of meeting room/board room seating. The number of restaurant seats increased by 12.1% from 4,044 in 2007 to 4,534 in 2012. During the same period, the number of restaurants increased from 62 to 79 (27.4% increase). In contrast, the number of café / lounge seats declined marginally by 66 seats or 5.8%, despite a net increase of 3 café establishments, from 36 to 39.


Table 7. Internal Floor Area by Space Use Division, King Street Village, 2007-2012

Space Use Division 2007m²

% Floor Area 2007

2012m²

% Floor Area 2012

Change 2007-2012

% Change 2007-2012

Office 337,220 16.0% 371,789 17.1% 34,569 10.3%Shop/Showroom 41,284 2.0% 33,080 1.5% -8,204 -19.9%Residential 927,005 44.0% 948,956 43.5% 21,951 2.4%Storage 108,551 5.2% 116,944 5.4% 8,394 7.7%Industrial 53,953 2.6% 49,615 2.3% -4,338 -8.0%Visitor Accommodation 9,184 0.4% 11,083 0.5% 1,898 20.7%Entertainment/Leisure 34,753 1.7% 46,078 2.1% 11,324 32.6%Restaurant/Eating 31,474 1.5% 34,247 1.6% 2,773 8.8%Community 158,641 7.5% 128,760 5.9% -29,881 -18.8%Utilities 4,064 0.2% 4,951 0.2% 887 21.8%Parking 198,039 9.4% 218,160 10.0% 20,121 10.2%Transport 7,094 0.3% 7,063 0.3% -31 -0.4%Common Area 157,975 7.5% 169,353 7.8% 11,378 7.2%Other 36,881 1.8% 39,034 1.8% 2,153 5.8%Total 2,106,118 100.0% 2,179,114 100.0% 72,995 3.5%


Table 8. Employment Mix by Space Use Division, King Street Village, 2007-2012

Space Use Division 2007 % Employment 2007 2012 % Employment

2012Change

2007-2012% Change 2007-2012

Office 10,297 78.7% 12,656 72.0% 2,359 22.9%Shop/Showroom 745 5.7% 848 4.8% 103 13.8%Storage 110 0.8% 276 1.6% 166 150.9%Industrial 417 3.2% 531 3.0% 114 27.3%Entertainment/Leisure 25 0.2% 100 0.6% 75 300.0%Restaurant/Eating 1,096 8.4% 1,285 7.3% 189 17.2%Community 382 2.9% 1,835 10.4% 1,453 380.4%Utilities 6 0.0% 11 0.1% 5 83.3%Transport 3 0.0% 13 0.1% 10 333.3%Other 0 0.0% 17 0.1% 17 NATotal 13,081 100.0% 17,572 100.0% 4,491 34.3%

Table 9. Selected Capacity Measures, King Street Village, 2007-2012

Capacity Measure 2007 2012 Change 2007-2012

% Change 2007-2012

Restaurant Seating 4,044 4,534 490 12.1%Cafe/Coffee Lounge Seating 1,138 1,072 -66 -5.8%Meeting Room/Board Room Seating 1,701 2,523 822 48.3%


Work Space Ratios

Work space ratios (WSRs) are an indication of the average number of square metres within which employees work for a particular industry. The ratio is determined by dividing the internal floor area (in square metres) of a categorised space grouping by the total number of employees recorded for that grouping. Ratios can be determined using the Industry Divisions, Space Use Divisions, Office space uses and Occupied Office space uses, where the floor area is divided by total employees. The ratios for each category can be used for projecting the anticipated working population of new developments, and to determine how space uses are managed over time.

Table 10 (following) shows the industry-wide WSRs for King Street Village in 2007 and 2012. In any given industry division, where the WSR for 2012 is less than that of 2007, there has been an intensification of employment to space use for that industry. This means that a percentage of the growth of employment of any given area or industry may come from more intensive use of space, rather than solely from the take-up of new development space.

Overall, the average WSR for King Street Village fell from 64.2 in 2007 to 50.5 in 2012. By comparison, the overall WSR for the LGA was 41.5 in 2007 and 37.9 in 2012. The most intensive use of work space occurs in the Professional and Business Services, with 22.5m² for every worker, falling from 57.1m² per worker when compared to 2007. Other industries with relatively low WSRs are Life Sciences (28.3m² /worker), Property Development and Operation (28.6m² /worker) and Food and Drink (29.7m² /worker). The relatively low WSR in the Food and Drink sector can be explained by the presence of eating establishments which have large numbers of kitchen and wait staff working within relatively small spaces. Transport and Logistics and Utilities continue the trend of industries which typically have higher WSRs, occupying relatively large amounts of floor space yet only employing small number of workers. The average WSR across all industry sectors for King Street Village was 23m² greater than the LGA average in 2007 (64.2 compared to 41.5). In 2012 this difference fell to only 13m² (50.5 in King Street Village compared to 37.9 for the LGA).

Similar to trends being observed in other village areas such as Green Square and City South, it is evident that King Street Village is also experiencing greater intensification of workspaces across different industries.

The following table (Table 11) shows the WSRs for the nine main employment generating space use divisions. Space Use Divisions with minor employment levels have not been included; hence the totals for the table do not match the corresponding Village totals (for floor space and employment).

Restaurant/Eating space again had the lowest WSR in 2012, with 26.7m² per worker, falling marginally from 28.7m² in 2007. Office space use retains its position as having the second lowest WSR over the two survey periods, falling from 32.7m² in 2007 to 29.4m² in 2012. Entertainment/Leisure had the biggest change to its WSR, falling from 1,390.1m² per worker to 460.8m² per worker.

Between the two surveys, there has been a greater shift towards workers occupying partitioned office space. Employment in partitioned office space increased by nearly a third (32.0%) or 1,355 workers since 2007. In contrast, employment in open plan offices increased by only 6% or 349 workers. Table 12 shows that the average WSR for partitioned and open plan office spaces is 13.4m² per worker. The 2012 Survey also collected the capacity of partitioned and open-plan offices and vacant office space to determine the maximum intensity of uses for these two office types. If all Office space was fully occupied at the current average work space ratio, there could be additional 1,050 workers in King Street Village (Table 13).


Table 10. Work Space Ratios by City-Based Industry Division, King Street Village, 2007-20122007 2012

City Based Industry Sector Internal Area Employment WSR Internal

Area Employment WSR

Community 29,104 187 155.6 27,498 212 129.7Creative Industries 41,166 530 77.7 44,787 767 58.4Finance and Financial Services 2,668 87 30.7 1,930 58 33.3Food and Drink 29,825 896 33.3 32,049 1,078 29.7Government 9,158 187 49.0 9,053 195 46.4Health 181,196 1,449 125.0 185,932 3,441 54.0Higher Education and Research 244,113 6,053 40.3 288,854 6,735 42.9ICT 2,791 38 73.4 12,668 102 124.2Life Science (Bio-tech) 1,029 28 36.8 1,045 37 28.3Manufacturing 23,025 364 63.3 19,185 324 59.2Motor Vehicle 6,981 84 83.1 5,408 85 63.6Natural Resource-Based Industries 0 0 NA 0 0 NAProfessional and Business Services 32,247 565 57.1 34,780 1,549 22.5Property Development and Operation 8,373 175 47.8 6,026 211 28.6Retail and Personal Services 37,903 573 66.1 36,401 770 47.3Social Capital 17,634 261 67.6 21,426 373 57.4Tourist, Cultural and Leisure 42,162 565 74.6 51,312 741 69.2Transport and Logistics 107,553 738 145.7 92,939 671 138.5Utilities 7,586 63 120.4 5,920 9 657.8Total 824,513 12,843 64.2 877,212 17,358 50.5

Table 11. Work Space Ratios by Space Use Division, King Street Village, 2007-2012


2007 2012

Space Use Division Internal Area Employment WSR Internal

Area Employment WSR

Office 337,220 10,297 32.7 371,789 12,656 29.4Shop/Showroom 41,284 745 55.4 33,080 848 39.0Storage 108,551 110 986.8 116,944 276 423.7Industrial 53,953 417 129.4 49,615 531 93.4Entertainment/Leisure 34,753 25 1,390.1 46,078 100 460.8Restaurant/Eating 31,474 1,096 28.7 34,247 1,285 26.7Community 158,641 382 415.3 128,760 1,835 70.2Utilities 4,064 6 677.3 4,951 11 450.1Transport 7,094 3 2,364.7 7,063 13 543.3Total 777,034 13,081 59.4 792,528 17,555 45.1

Table 12. Work Space Ratios by Office Space Use, King Street Village, 2007-20122007 2012

Office Type Internal Area Employment WSR Internal

Area Employment WSR

Partitioned Office 62,312 4,236 14.7 69,712 5,591 12.5Open Plan Office 97,117 5,531 17.6 83,926 5,880 14.3Total 159,429 9,767 16.3 153,638 11,471 13.4


Table 13. Potential Maximum Capacity Work Space Ratios by Office Space Use, King Street Village, 2012

2012

Office Type Internal Area Employment Capacity WSR

Partitioned Office 69,712 5,712 12.2Open Plan Office 83,926 6,157 13.6Vacant Office 16,840 652 25.8Total 170,477 12,521 13.6

Occupied Office Employment (Actual) 11,471Additional Office Employment Capacity 1,050

Conclusion

Despite a relatively small jump of 3.5% in internal floor area over 5 years, King Street Village has experienced a 34% increase in employment since the last survey in 2007. This translates to an additional 4,491 workers expanding the workforce to a total of 17,572 in 2012. This suggests the continued intensification of workspaces in King Street Village which is a trend also being observed across the other village areas which make up the City of Sydney. The expansion in employment has been primarily driven by the Health, Higher Education and Research and Professional and Business Services sectors which have contributed to over 80% of additional jobs generated since 2007. The Food and Drink sector continues to retain its number one position in 2012 as having the most number of businesses in King Street Village. Whilst Food and Drink sector had the largest absolute growth in business numbers since 2007, it experienced a fairly moderate increase to employment and internal floor area of 20.3% and 7.5% respectively.

Encouraging trends have also been witnessed in less traditional areas such as Creative Industries which has increased its share of businesses, employment and floor space in King Street Village since 2007. The contraction of the Manufacturing and Transport and Logistics sectors continued with both experiencing losses to business floor areas and worker numbers over a five year period.

Over a five year period, residential stock in King Street Village has increased by 346 dwellings or 3.3% since 2007. Whilst growth of new dwellings is considered to be relatively small when comparing to areas such as Green Square and City South Village, the redevelopment of Ashmore Precinct will create a major boost to new dwelling stock in King Street Village over the next 5 years.

The Residential sector also continued to be the largest occupier of internal floor area by space use in King Street Village, occupying 43.5% of internal space, growing by 2.4% since 2007. Going forward, it is expected this sector will continue to maintain the highest share of space use fuelled by new dwelling stock coming on board from the Ashmore Precinct project.


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