wordorder & inversion

8/11/2019 WordOrder & Inversion

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Word Order & Inversion

Types of Sentences

1 Simple Sentences

Pattern: Subject + Verb + (Object/ Others) = SV(O)

Subject (noun) Verb (tense) Object (noun)/ Others (complement/adverbials)

e.g. he !at bo" over there is m" !riend.

2 Compound Sentences

Pattern: SV(O) + #oordinate #onjunction + SV(O)

Subject Verb Object #oordinate #onjunction Subject Verb

e.g. $e is called Peter and he is smiling.

%ote & 'n intransitive verb does not need an object.

& ' compound sentence consists o! to or more simple sentences hich are combined

b" means o! coordinate conjunctions (and but or either or neither nor).

3 Complex Sentences

Pattern: SV(O) + Subordinate #onjunction + SV(O)

Subject Verb Object/Others Subordinate #onjunction Subject Verb Object/Others

e.g. Peter li*es to sing hen he !eels !ree.

%ote & ' comple sentence consists o! a principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses

hich are combined b" means o! subordinate conjunctions.

& Subordinate clauses include noun clauses adjective (relative) clauses and adverb clauses.

& Subordinate conjunctions: e.g. hen hile be!ore a!ter until because since as although

i! so that that ho hich ,,

iv. Multiple Sentences

Pattern: SV(O) + Subordinate #onjunction + SV(O) + #oordinate #onjunction + SV(O)

Subject Verb Object/ Others Subordinate/#oordinate #onjunction

Peter li*es to sing hen

he !eels !ree but

he does not sing ver" ell.

%ote & ' multiple sentence is a combination o! compound and comple sentences.


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Inversion

-nversion means the verb is placed be!ore the subject !or emphasis. -t occurs:

A. in uestions.

e.g. 're "ou hungr"

hat have "ou done to solve the problem

%ote: %o inversion hen the 0uestion ord is the subject.

e.g. ho invented the computer

!. in uestion t"#s.

e.g. $e loves her ver" much doesn1t he

he" cried didn1t the"

C. "fter $so% neiter'nor% "s(.

e.g. $e is polite and so is his brother.

'nn as not at home and neither/nor as 2en.

$is colleagues respected him as did his boss.

). in excl"m"tion.

e.g. $ere comes m" aunt3

here goes the tai3

%ote: %o inversion hen the subject is a pronoun.

e.g. $ere he comes3

*. "fter "dver+s of pl"ce'direction.

e.g. On top o! the mountain lies a !arm.

'a" ran the thie!3

,. "fter ver+s of reportin#.

e.g. 4 #an "ou !ind it5 as*ed 6avid.

4- have never seen it5 said $elen.

-. in $tere +e( structure.

e.g. here ere three students in the classroom.

here must be some misunderstanding.

. in emp"tic sentences /it " ne#"tive /ord or ide".

e.g. 7. %ever have - heard such a strange stor".

= - have never heard such a strange stor".

8. Seldom do the" visit us.

= he" seldom visit us.

9. ittle did she suspect that she as cheated.

= She little suspected that she as cheated.

;. onda" did he return the camera to me.

= $e did not return the camera to me until >onda".


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?. %ohere can "ou bu" such cheap jeans.

= @ou cannot bu" such cheap jeans at an"here.

A. %o sooner had he arrived than he called us.

= 's soon as he had arrived he called us.

B. $ardl"/Scarcel" had he returned !rom the journe" hen he !ell ill.

= 's soon as he had returned !rom the journe" he !ell ill.

C. Dnder no circumstances ill - give a" to his demands.

= - ill not give a" to his demands under an" circumstances.

7E. -n no a" can the" help "ou.

= he" cannot help "ou in an" a".

77. 't no time as - aare o! hat as happening.

= - as at no time aare o! hat as happening.

78. On no account ill she !orgive him.

= She ill not !orgive him on an" account.

I. in "dver+i"l expressions pl"ced "t te +e#innin#.

e.g. 7. O!ten have - heard that corruption doesn1t pa".

= - have o!ten heard that corruption doesn1t pa".

8. ice has he been arned to *eep aa" !rom drugs.

= $e has been arned tice to *eep aa" !rom drugs.

9. So desperate as their situation that the" decided to sell their house.

= heir situation as so desperate that the" decided to sell their house.

;. Onl" a!ter a hot debate did the" agree to compromise.

= he" agreed to compromise onl" a!ter a hot debate.

. %ot onl" as he the producer but he as also the director o! the !ilm.

= $e as not onl" the producer but also the director o! the !ilm.

0ote -nversion also occurs in other epressions li*e:

Only "fter/"rds' l"ter' yesterd"y' l"st /ee'

Only if Only /en Only "fter 0ot since

4. /it $Sould% Were% "d( in condition"ls /en $If( is omitted.

"pe 7: Should "ou see him tell him to call me.

= -! "ou should see him tell him to call me.

"pe 8: ere - "ou - ould cancel m" appointment.

= -! - ere "ou - ould cancel m" appointment.

"pe 9: $ad he *non he ould have solved the problem.

= -! he had *non he ould have solved the problem.


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*xercise C


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*xercise *


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7E. Seldom have - done such a di!!icult eercise.

*xercise C

7. he sun as shining and gentle breeJes ere bloing.

8. he ship as sailing !or three ee*s.

9. -t as hal!a" to its destination&%e @or*.

;. he passengers ere relaing on dec* hen suddenl" the" heard a loud bang.

. he" all jumped up ran to the edge o! the boat and loo*ed over the side.

?. o their horror the" sa a terrible scene.

A. he" had hit some hard object hich had torn a hole in the side o! the ship.

B. ater as pouring into the steamship at an alarming speed.

C. Gortunatel" another ship arrived hal! an hour later.

7E. -t as just in time to save ever"one on board.

*xercise )

7. She as*ed me hat m" decision as.

8. Onl" b" constant practice can e improve our Knglish.

9. $ere come our guests3

;. O!ten have e heard that smo*ing is haJardous to health.

. Dnder no circumstances should "ou do it.

?. $ad - been there - ould have scolded him !or his dirt" tric*.

A. Onl" i! "ou invite her ill she come to "our part".

B. Hane hasn1t returned our calls and neither has il".

C. $ardl" had - arrived home hen it began to rain.

7E. On no account should "ou be absent.

*xercise *

7. %ever have - met such a ridiculous man3

8. - have seldom seen a better !ootball pla"er.

9. Onl" last ee* did she !ind a job.

;. She is not onl" beauti!ul but also rich.

. e ill not begin our lunch meeting until >r. #han is here.?. Onl" a!ter "ou !inish the job ill e pa" "ou.

A. @ou ill pass the eam onl" i! "ou stud" hard.

B. Onl" once be!ore did e have such a arm inter.

C. Dnder no circumstances ould - bu" those pirated #6s.

7E Out !le the bird hen - opened the cage door.

wordorder & inversion

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