words formed from vowels and consonants only · 2016-08-07 · - there are not many tamil words...

Tamil Lesson # 1 - Vocabulary

Words formed from Vowels and Consonants Only

- There are not many Tamil words that can be formed merely from the Tamil vowels and consonants. Almost all words includesyllable letters. These syllable letters will be introduced, one set at a time, in Lessons 2 -8.- If a noun has an irregular plural form, this is indicated in the vocabulary list. Lesson 5 will explain how to form plurals.

Tamil Word Phonetics Meaning

1. Mz; awN male (noun)

2. Mk; awm yes

3. Ms; awL person

plural - Ml;fs;

4. ,y; eal non-existence; death

(seldom stands alone, a component of many Tamil words)

5. < ee fly; bee

plural - <f;fs;

6. <u; eer nit

7. ck; oom your (singular, for a peer)

8. cs; ooL the inside, the interior; be, exist


9. cd; oon your (singular, common)

10. Cu; ooor native place, home (i.e. where you’re from)

11. vs; œL sesame

12. vd; en my (abbreviated form of vd;Dila)

13. Vu; ér plough

14. Vd; én why?

May 24, 2005

Tamil Lesson # 2 - Vocabulary - m and M words

uh - a - aw words

- It is helpful to be able to recognize the roots of a word. For this reason, the vocabulary lists will usually put words that arerelated together, with the root word, which is the shorter word, coming first, and the derivative words following it, in smallertype.- When there is are masculine and feminine forms of the same English word, they will be put side by side, with the masculineform on the left, and the feminine form, on the right in smaller print. Typically, the feminine form will end with an “ea” sound.- When there are various spellings of the same word, they will also be put side by side, with one in large type and the others insmaller type.- In a Tamil word with long and short vowels, the syllables with the long vowel sounds are stressed. These long syllables will beunderlined in the phonetics in all words with more than one syllable.- There is a break in the pronunciation after a consonant (a letter with a dot). To indicate this, in the phonetics, an additional dashwill be put between a syllable ending in a consonant and the following syllable.- In a Tamil word with no long vowel (there are many of them) a slight stress will be put on the first syllable.


1. mf;fh mf;fhs; uk -- kaw sister (older)

2. mz;zd; uN -- Nan brother (older)

plural - mz;zd;fs;

3. mg;gh up -- paw father, dad

4. mk;kh um -- maw mother, mom

5. may; uh - yal neighbourhood

5.1 maytd; uh - ya - luh - van neighbour

5.2 mayhd; uh - ya - lawn neighbour

5.3 mayfj;jhu; uh - ya - luh - huth -- thawr neighbour

6. murd; a - ruh - san king

7. my;y al -- luh not

7.1 my;yth al -- luh - vaw is it not? n’est-ce pas?

8. mtu; uh - var he, she (respectful)

9. mtu;fs; uh - var -- huL they (masculine or feminine)

(sometimes means “their” - mtu;fSila)

10. mts; uh - vuL she (common)

11. mtd; uh - van he (common)

11.1 mtdtd; uh - va - nuh - van each one, every one

12. Mz;ltu; awN -- Duh - var lord

13. Myak; aw - luh - yum temple

14. Mdhy; aw - nawl but

15. cq;fs; oong -- guL your (plural or respectful singular)

(abbreviated form of cq;fSila)

16. vtu; vtd;> vts;; eh - var who? (respectful form & 2 common forms)

17. vd;d en -- nuh what?

May 15, 2006



18. xl;lfk; oT -- Tuh - hum camel

19. fl;llk; fl;blk; kuT -- Tuh - Dum building

20. fy; plural - fw;fs; kal stone

21. fs;sd; kuL -- Lan thief, robber

21.1 fs;s kuL -- Luh forged, false, counterfeit

22. rf;fuk; suk -- ka - rum wheel

23. rkhjhdk; sum - maw - thaw - num peace

24. rhkhd; saw - mawn article, commodity, thing

25. jq;fk; thung -- gum gold

26. ez;gu; ez;gp ñuN -- bar friend (male/female)

27. ey;y ñal -- luh good

28. ehq;fs; ñawng -- guL we

29. ehlh ñaw - Daw ribbon

30. ehk; ñawm we (inclusive)

31. eha; ñawyy dog

32. ehd; ñawn I

33. gf;fk; puk -- kum page; side

34. glk; puh - Dum picture; film

35. gl;lzk; puT -- Tuh - Num town

36. gl;lak; puT -- Tuh - yum sword

37. gz;lk; puN - Dum thing; article; substance

38. gy pa - luh many (usually an adjective, can be a noun for things)

39. ghfk; paw - hum portion, part, share

40. ghf; pawk bag; briefcase; suitcase

41. ghlk; paw - Dum lesson

42. kf;fs; muk -- kuL people, humans

43. kz;lgk; muN -- Duh - bum meeting hall or shed open on one side

44. kd;wk; man -- DRum meeting place; assembly hall

45 khztd; khztp maw - Nuh - van student (male, female)

46. ahu; yawr who?

47. trdk; vuh - sa - num verse; sentence

48. tzf;fk; vuh - Nuk -- kum hello (a respectful greeting); reverence

49. thy; plural - thy;fs; vawl tail

50. thdk; vaw - num sky, heaven

December 4, 2014

Tamil Lesson # 3 - Vocabulary - , and < words

ih - ea - ee words

- Notice the e;j combination in re;jpud;. There are two soft “n”s in Tamil, d; and e;. The difference in pronunciation is

very slight. d; is formed by touching the tongue to the ridge just above the teeth. e; is formed by touching the tongue to the

teeth. j; is also formed by touching the tongue to the teeth. Thus, when a soft “n” sound precedes a “th” sound in Tamil, it is

the letter, e;> that is used. This is a convenient thing, as both sounds can be formed in the same location in the mouth, on the

teeth.


1. mfuhjp uh - ha - raw - thea dictionary

2. mbf;fb uh - Deak -- kuh - Dea often, again and again

3. mjpfhuk; uh - thea - haw - rum chapter; power, authority

4. murp a - ruh - sea queen

5. Mrpupau; aw - sea - rea - yar teacher, schoolmaster; author

6. Mzp aw - Nea nail

7. Mjp aw - thea beginning

8. Mtp aw - vea spirit

9. ,ae;jpuk; ih - yuñ -- thea - rum machine

10. ,uhl;rjd; ih - rawT -- chuh - than giant

11. cyfk; cyF oo - luh - hum world

11.1 cyfg;gpufhukhd oo-luh-hup-pea-ruh-haw-ruh-maw-nuh worldly, secular

12. vg;gb ep -- puh - Dea how? (requires a liaison consonant)

13. Vzp œ - Nea ladder

14. Vup é - rea lake

15. xsp o - Lea light, lustre, brilliance

16. fbfhuk; kuh - Dea - haw - rum clock

17. fbjk; kuh - Dea - thum letter

18. fk;gp kum -- bea wire, thin wire (of metal)

19. fhupak; kaw - rea - yum thing, matter, concern

20. rq;fPjk; sung -- gee - thum music; psalm

21. rj;jpak; suth -- thea - yum truth

22. re;jpud; suñ -- thea - ran moon

23. rthup suh - vaw - rea ride (in a vehicle or on an animal)

24. rhl;rp sawT -- chea witness

24.1 rhl;rpak; sawT -- chea - yum evidence, testimony

25. rhup saw - rea excursion, jaunt, stroll, ride, drive

August 22, 2009



26. rhtp saw - vea key

27. rpq;fk; sing -- gum lion

28. jb thuh - Dea rod

29. jPu;f;fjuprp theerk -- kuh - tha - rea - sea prophet

29.1 jPu;f;fjuprd theerk -- kuh - tha - rea - sa - nuh prophetic

29.2 jPu;f;fjuprdk; theerk -- kuh - tha - rea - sa - num prophecy

30. efuk; efu; ñuh - ha - rum city

30.1 efuthrp ñuh - ha - ruh - vaw - sea resident

31. el;rj;jpuk; ñuT -- chuth -- thea - rum star

32. eup ña - rea fox

33. ed;wp ñan -- DRea thanks

34. ehfupfk; ehfhPfk; ñaw - ha - rea - hum civilization

35. epyk; ñih - lum floor; land; the earth

36. eP ñee you (singular, common)

37. ePq;fs;; ñeeng -- guL you (plural or respectful singular)

38. ePu; ñeer you (for a peer) ; water

39. gjp puh - thea master; husband; chief, sovereign; God; abode

40. ge;jp gj;jp ghuh puñ -- thea paragraph

41. ghj;jpuk; pawth -- thea - rum vessel (cup, pot, plate); fitness, worthiness

41.1 ghj;jpukhd pawth -- thea - ruh - maw - nuh worthy, deserving

42. gpj;jhd; pith -- thawn button

43. gpugQ;rk; pih - ruh - bugn - jum universe

44. kzp muh - Nea bell; hour; jewel, gemstone

45. kuk; ma - rum wood; tree

45.1 kuj;jhyhfpa ma - ruth -- thaw - law - hea - yuh wooden

46. kdpjd; ma - nea - than man, human

plural - kdpju;> kdpju;fs;

46.1 kdpj ma - nea - thuh human (adjective)

46.2 kdpjtu;f;fk; ma - nea - thuh - vark -- kum mankind, humanity

47. kpd;dy; min -- nal lightning

48. yhr;rp lawch -- chea drawer

49. tpf;fpufk; vik -- kea - ruh - hum idol, image

50. tPjp vee - thea street

May 28, 2012

Tamil Lesson # 4 - Vocabulary - c and C words

oo - ooo words


1. mJ uh - thø that, it (a pronoun, referring to something distant)

2. me;j uñ -- thuh that, those (a adjectives, takes a liaison consonant)

3. mYty; a - loo - val business

3.1 mYtyfk; a - loo - va - luh - hum office

4. mw;Gjk; uT -- poo - thum miracle

4.1 mw;Gjkhd mw;Gjfukhd uT -- poo - thuh - maw - nuh marvellous, wonderful, miraculous

5. Mrhupad; aw - saw - rea - yan priest, spiritual leader

5.1 Mrhupaf;$l;lk; aw - saw - rea - yuk -- koooT – Tum priesthood

6. ,lJ ih - Duh - thö left (opposite of “right”); on the left

7. ,J ih - thö this, it (a pronoun, referring to something near)

8. ,e;j iñ -- thuh this, these (an adjective, takes a liaison consonant)

9. ,Uk;G ih - room -- bö iron

10. ,tu; ,td;> ,ts; ih - var this person

11. ,sturd; ,sturp ih - Luh - va - ruh - san prince / princess

12. ,d;Dk; in -- noom still, yet (i.e. at this time)

13. cJ oo - thö that (a pronoun, referring to something that you have)

14. czT oo - Nuh - vö food

15. cUf;F oo - rook -- kö steel

16. Crp ooo - sea needle

17. vJ eh - thö which? (a pronoun)

18. ve;j eñ -- thuh which? (an adjective, takes a liaison consonant) (when the following

noun has an “oom” ending, it means “whatever” or “whosoever)

19. xU o - rö a, one, any (before a word beginning with a syllable letter usually)

19.1 Xu; ôr a, one, any (before a word beginning with a vowel)

20. xd;W on -- DRö one, one thing, anything

20.1 xd;whf xd;wha; on - DRaw - huh together, altogether (takes a liaison consonant)

20.2 xd;whd on - DRaw - nuh the one (an adjective)

21. flTs; plural - flTl;fs kuh - Duh - vooL God

22. fapW kuh - yea - Rö rope, string

23. fhL (accusative - fhl;il) kaw - dö forest, jungle

24. fpuhkk; kih - raw - mum village

24.1 Ff;fpuhkk; kook -- kea - raw - mum tiny village, hamlet

25. fpoq;F kœ - Ļung -- gö yam

26. Fr;rp kooch -- chea stick

27. Fz;^rp kooN -- Dooo - sea pin

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 4 - Vocabulary - Page 2


28. Fuq;F koo - rung -- gö monkey

29. FU koo - rö priest, teacher

30. FUtp koo - roo - vea bird (for small birds)

31. Foha; koo - Ļawyy pipe

32. $L kooo - Dö nest

33. $z;L koooN -- Dö cage

34. rj;JU plural - rj;JUf;fs; suth -- thoo - rö enemy, adversary

35. rpwF sœ - Ruh - hö wing; fin

36. rPl;L seeT -- Tö ticket

36.1. gw;Wr;rPl;L puT -- TRooch - cheeT -- Tö receipt, ticket

37. rPg;G seep -- pö comb

38. Rfk; soo - hum health; happiness, pleasure

39. #upad; sooo - rea - yan sun

40. jl;L thuT -- Tö plate (any type of plate or disc); knock, rap

41. jPT thee - vö island

42. Jzp thoo - Nea piece; piece of cloth, rag

43. Jz;L thooN -- Dö piece, bit, fragment; small note, receipt

44. JUk;G thoo - room - bö straw, splinter, sliver

45. J}z; thooN pillar, column

46. gR plural - gRf;fs; puh - sö cow

47. ge;J puñ -- thö ball, globe

48. gupR pa - rea - sö gift; prize; reward

49. Gjpa poo - thea - yuh new, fresh (no liaison)

50. Gj;jfk; pooth -- thuh - hum book

51. G+ plural - G+f;fs; pooo flower

52. G+kp pooo - mea earth (the planet)

53. kpf kpfTk; mih - huh very, very much, abundantly (liaison required)

54. Kj;J mooth -- thö pearl

55. tyJ va - luh - thö right (opposite of “left”); on the right

56. tpUJ vih - roo - thö trophy

November 2, 2004

Tamil Lesson # 5 - Vocabulary - v and V words

5a - colour

eh - é words

- The prefix m is often used to refer to distant things.

- The prefix , is often used to refer to things that are close.

- The prefix v is often used for question words

- Here are some examples:

Pronouns: he, she mtd;> mts;> mtu;who? vtu;?

Demonstrative adjectives: that me;j this ,e;jwhich? ve;j?

Demonstrative pronouns: that mJ this ,Jwhich? vJ? what? vd;d?

Adverbs: there mq;Nf here ,q;Nfwhere? vq;Nf?


1. mq;Nf mq;F ung -- gé there

1.1 mq;Fkpq;Fk; ung -- goo - meang -- goom around, here and there

2. ,q;Nf ,q;F ing -- gé here

3. vq;Nf eng -- gé where?

4. Nfyp ké - lea joke

5. rpNefpjd; rpNefpjp sih - né - hea - than friend (male/female)

6. nrUg;G seh - roop -- pö slipper, shoe

7. nrk;G sem -- bö copper

8. njg;gk; thep -- pum raft

9. njU theh - rö street

10. Njrk; thé - sum country, land, nation

11. neUg;G ñeh - roop -- pö fire

12. ngl;b peT -- Tea box

13. ngz; pœN female, girl, woman

13.1 ngz;kzp pœN – muh - Nea lady

14. ngau; Ngu; peh - yar name; person

15. ngd;rpy; pen -- seal pencil

16. Nga; péyy evil spirit, demon

17. kzg;ngz; muh - Nup -- pœN bride

18. kzkfd; muh - Nuh - muh - han bridegroom

19. nkOF mœ - Ļoo - hö wax

19.1 nkOFjpup mœ - Ļoo - hoo - thea - rea candle

July 11, 2005



20. Nkfk; mé - hum cloud

21. NkYk; mé - loom moreover, besides; more (adverb)

21.1 Nkyjpf mé - luh - thea - huh additional

21.2 NkYkhd mé - loo - maw - nuh more (adjective)

22. tuNtw;G va - ruh - vœT -- pö reception, welcome

23. ntspNa vœ - Lea - yé outside

24. Ntyp vé - lea fence, hedge

Tamil Vocabulary 5a - Colour


1. MuQ;R epwk; aw - rugn - joo ñœ - Rum orange

2. Cjh ooo - thaw purple (liaison required)

3. fyu;y ka - lar - luh coloured

4. fWg;G fUg;G kuh - Roop – pö black (liaison required)

4.1 fUk;g;gyif ka - roomp - ba - luh - heiy blackboard

5. rhk;gy; sawm -- bal ash (noun)

5.1 rhk;gy; epwk; sawm -- bal ñœ - Rum gray, ashen (adjective)

6. rptg;G sih - vup -- pö red (liaison required)

7. epwk; ñœ - Rum colour

8. ePy ePyk; g;@ ñee - luh blue (liaison required)

9. gRikahd puh - soo - meiy - yaw - nuh fresh, green

10. gr;ir puch -- cheiy green

11. gOg;G epwk; puh - Ļoop - poo ñœ - Rum golden colour

12. gpq;f; pingk pink

13. gpwTz; pih - Ruh -vooN (brown) brown

14. kQ;ry; mugn -- jal yellow

15. tz;zk; vuN -- Num colour; way, manner

15.1 tz;zkpf;f vuN -- Nuh - meak -- kuh colourful

16. nts;is vœL -- Leiy white (liaison required)

17. ntz; vœN white, pure, bright

17.1 ntz;fyk; vœN -- ga - lum bronze

17.2 ntz;gyif vœN – pa - luh - heiy whiteboard

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 6 - Vocabulary - x and X words

6a - fhud; words 6b - Ms; & Msu; Words

ô words

- Nouns referring to male persons often end with the letter d;;.- Some examples that we have seen thus far are:

he mtd; son kfd;elder brother mz;zd; king murd;man kdpjd; husband fztd;

- Nouns referring to female persons often end with the letter s;.- Some examples that we have seen thus far are:

she mts; daughter kfs;elder sister mf;fhs; Mary kupahs;;

- When a “person” noun has a male and a female version, the noun referring to a female often ends with an “ea” syllable letter.Some examples of that we have seen thus far are:

queen murpprincess ,sturp

However, there are a number of other “people” nouns ending in “ea” that are not feminine.


1. ,Njh! ih - thô look! (exclamation); here is, here are

1.1 mNjh! uh - thô look! (exclamation); there is, there are

2 . ,g;nghOJ ,g;NghJ ip -- po - Ļoo - thö now

3. cNyhfk; oo - lô - hum metal

4. nfhQ;rk; kogn -- jum small quantity, a little, some (i.e. a portion of)

5. nfhk;G kom -- bö horn

6. Nfh kô king, emperor

7. Nfhl;ghL kôT - paw - Dö doctrine, theory

8. Nfhj;jpuk; kôth - thea -rum tribe

9. NfhGuk; kô - boo - rum tower, fortress

10. Nfhapy; kô -yeal temple

11 Nfhy; kôl rod, stick, staff

12. Nfhsk; kô - Lum sphere, ball, globe

13. nrhj;J soth -- thö property, estate

14. njhlf;fk; tho - Duk -- kum beginning, origin

15. njhlu; njhlu;r;rp tho - Dar series, succession

16. Njhl;lk; thôT -- Tum garden

17. Njhw;wk; thôT -- TRum appearance

18 Nehl;Lg;Gj;jfk; ñôT -- Toop -- pooth – thuh - hum notebook

19. guNyhfk; pa - ruh - lô - hum heaven

19.1 guNyhf pa - ruh - lô - huh heavenly

August 22, 2009



20. ngha; poyy lie, falsehood

20.1 ngha;g;gul;L poyyp -- puh - rooT -- Tö falsehood

20.2 ngha;ad; poyy -- yan liar

21. nghUs; plural - nghUl;fs; po - rooL thing, object; matter, subject; meaning, sense; substance

21.1 vupnghUs; eh - rea - po - rooL fuel

22. Nghj;jpy; ghl;by; pôth -- theal (bottle) bottle

23. nkhop mo - Ļea language; word, saying; expression

24. NubNah ré - Dea - yô radio

Tamil Vocabulary 6a - fhud; words

- Many Tamil people nouns end with the suffix fhud;> which means “doer” or “possessor”. Here are some examples:


1. Copaf;fhud; ooo - Ļea - yuk -- kaw - ran servant

2. filf;fhud; kuh - deiyk -- kaw - ran shopkeeper

3. frhg;Gf;fhud; kuh - sawp -- pook -- kaw - ran butcher

4. nfhiyfhud; ko - leiy - kaw - ran murderer

5. rikaw;fhud;; suh - meiy - yuT -- kaw - ran cook

rikay;fhud;

6. nrhe;jf;fhud; soñ -- thuk -- kaw - ran owner, proprietor

7. ijaw;fhud;; thii - yuT -- kaw - ran tailor

8. Njhl;lf;fhud;; thôT-- Tuk -- kaw - ran gardener

9. gzf;fhud; puh - Nuk -- kaw -ran rich man

10. gpr;irf;fhud;; pich -- cheiyk -- kaw - ran beggar

11. tPl;Lf;fhud; veeT-- Took -- kaw - ran householder

12. Ntiyf;fhud; vé - leiyk -- kaw - ran worker

13. NtTfhud; vé - voo - kaw - ran spy

Tamil Vocabulary 6b - Ms;; and Msu; words

- Many Tamil people nouns end with the suffix Ms; (or Msu;) which means “person”. Here are some examples:


1. Mjuthsu; aw - tha - ruh - vaw - Lar supporter

2. Ngr;rhsu; péch -- chaw - Lar speaker

3. Ntiyahs; vé - leiy - yawL worker, employee

3.1 Ntiyahsd; vé - leiy - yaw - Lan worker, employee

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 7 - Vocabulary - I and xs words

ii - ow words / possessive adjectives

- This lesson has introduced two new vowel sounds. The “ ii ” sound is very common in Tamil, but the “ou” sound is rare. One

example is given in the vocabulary of this lesson, the Tamil word for a bat, which is ntsthy;.- There might seem to be a measure of ambiguity here, as one could well imagine that there would be 4 letters of this word,

namely, nt> s> th> and y;. In fact, there are only 3, nts> th> and y;. There are in fact, no words in Tamil where a

word with an “eh” syllable letter is followed by the syllable letter s.


1. mbik uh - Dea - meiy slave

2. mjDila uh - tha - noo - Deiy - yuh its (referring to something distant)

3. muz;kid a - ruN -- ma - neiy palace

4. mtUila mtu;> mtuJ uh - va - roo - Deiy - yuh his, her (respectful)

5. mtu;fSila mtu;fs; uh - var -- huh - Loo - Deiy - yuh their

6. mtSila mts;> mtsJ uh - vuh - Loo - Deiy - yuh her (common)

7. mtw;wpDila uh - vuT -- Trea - noo - Deiy - yuh their (when referring to animals or things)

8. mtDila mtd;> mtdJ uh - va - noo - Deiy - yuh his (adjective, common)

9. mit mitfs; uh - veiy those, they (a pronoun for animals or things that are distant)

10. ,jDila ih - tha - noo - Deiy - yuh its (referring to something near)

11. ,y;iy il -- leiy no, not

12. ,it ,itfs; ih - veiy these, they (a pronoun for animals or things that are near)

13. cq;fSila cq;fs; oong -- guh - Loo - Deiy - yuh your (plural or respectful singular)

14. cil oo - Deiy clothes; possessions, wealth

14.1. cilatu; oo - Deiy - yuh - var owner, possessor, one who possesses (takes accusative case)

15. ck;Kila ck;> ckJ oom -- moo - Deiy - yuh your (singular, peer)

16. cd;Dila cd;> cdJ oon -- noo - Deiy - yuh your (singular, common)

17. vq;fSila vq;fs; vkJ eng -- guh - Loo - Deiy - yuh our

18. vd;Dila vd;> vdJ en -- noo - Deiy - yuh my

19. fl;Liu kuT -- Too - reiy essay, article

20. $il kooo - Deiy basket

21. ifjp kii - thea prisoner, captive

22. rpiw sœ - Reiy prison

22.1 rpiwr;rhiy sœ - Reiych – chaw - leiy prison

23. rPiy see - leiy cloth

24. Nrid sé - neiy army

November 24, 2014



25. jq;fSila jq;fs; thung -- guh - Loo - Deiy - yuh their (when the subject of the clause is the same “they”)

26. jlit thuh - Duh - veiy a time, turn (as in “once” or “twice”)

27. jk;Kila jk; jkJ thum -- moo - Deiy - yuh His (referring to God, or an exalted person, if the same is the subject of the

clause); their (when the subject of the clause is the same “they”)

28. jd;Dila jd; jdJ thun -- noo - Deiy - yuh his, her, its (when the subject is “he”, “she”, or “it” )

29. jpir thih - seiy direction

30. ek;Kila ek; ekJ ñum -- moo - Deiy - yuh our (inclusive)

31. gj;jpupif puth -- thea - rea - heiy magazine

32. gyif pa - luh - heiy board

33. gs;sp puL -- Lea school

33.1 gs;spf;$lk; puL -- Leak -- kooo - dum schoolroom; seminary, academy

34. ghlrhiy paw - Duh - saw - leiy school

35. ghij paw - theiy path, way

36. G+id pooo - neiy cat

37. Ngid pé - neiy pen

38. ig pii bag; purse

39. igad; plural - igad;fs; pii - yan boy

40. nghk;ik pom -- meiy toy, doll

41. nghWik po - Roo - meiy patience, endurance

42. ke;ij muñ - theiy flock, herd

43. kiy ma - leiy mountain

44. kio muh - Ļeiy rain

45. ik mii ink

46. ahUila yaw - roo - Deiy - yuh whose? (adjective)

47. ahit vit yaw - veiy which ones? (referring to things)

48. ahid yaw - neiy elephant

49. tFg;G vuh - hoop -- pö class; division, section

49.1 tFg;giw vuh - hoop -- puh - Reiy classroom

50. tiy va - leiy net

51. thrid vaw - sa - neiy smell, fragrance, scent

52. thu;j;ij vawrth -- theiy word

53. tpil vih - Deiy answer, reply

54. ntsthy; vow - vawl bat (i.e. the flying creature)

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 8 - Vocabulary - Words with Sanskrit letters 8a - Motion Verbs (intransitive)

words with Sanskrit letters / verbs- This lessons contains many words with Sanskrit letters. In some books and dictionaries these words are now spelled with Tamilletters only, and the pronunciation is often adjusted accordingly, so that the distinctive sound of these letters, the “j” sound or the“sh” sound, are no longer used.- When an English word has been adopted into Tamil, even though it is spelled in Tamil letters which make for a pronunciationthat is different from the English, it is usually pronounced as close to the English pronunciation as the Tamil speaker can manage.Therefore, for such words, an English pronunciation will also be placed next to the Tamil phonetics in the vocabulary.- When a verb is listed on a vocabulary list, it is found in its simplest form, which is the common imperative. On the next line,the principal parts of the verb are given. From these all Tamil tenses for that particular verb can be deduced. The first of the fourprincipal parts given is the infinitive. The second is the ending for the first person singular present tense. The third is the endingfor the first person singular past tense. The fourth is the ending for the first person singular future tense.


1. mg;Ngh];jyu; up -- pôss -- thuh - lar apostle

2. f\;lk; kush -- Dum difficulty, trouble, hardship

2.1 f\;lg;gL kush -- Dup – puh - Dö work hard, toil; try hard (combo verb)

3. rdk; [dk; sa - num people (the plural form means “people” or “peoples”)

3.1 [dhjpgjp ja - naw - thea - buh - thea president, head of state

4. rhjp [hjp saw - thea tribe, race, caste

5. rpU\;b rpUl;b sih - roosh -- Dea create

rpU\;bf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

5.1 rpU\;bfu; rpUl;bfu; sih - roosh -- Dea - har creator

5.2 rpU\;b rpUl;b sih - roosh -- Dea creation (a created thing or a created being)

5.3 rpU\;bg;G sih - roosh -- Deap -- pö creation

6. rP\d; rPld; see - shan disciple

7. ];jphP ssthih - ree woman, female

8. [hb jaw - Dea jar

9. n[gk; jeh - bum prayer

9.1 n[gk; gz;Z jeh - bum puN-- Nö pray (combo verb)

9.2 n[gp jeh - bea pray (takes an “eadum” suffix for “to”)

n[gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10. e\;lk; ñush -- Dum loss

11. g]; bus bus

12. gz;Z puN -- Nö cause, produce, effect

gz;z> fpNwd;> gz;zpNdd;> Ntd;

13. gujP]; pa - ruh - theess paradise

14. ghi\ paw - sheiy language

15. G];jfk; pooss -- thuh -- bum book

16. G\;gk; poosh -- bum blossom, flower

17. nghf;fp\k; pok - kea - shum treasure

18. kD\d; muh - noo - shan man

18.1 kD\p muh - noo - shea woman

19. tp\k; vih - shum poison

20. tp\ak; vih - shuh - yum matter; fact; case, affair; item, thing

April 27, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 8a - Motion Verbs (intransitive)


1. ,lW ih - Duh - Rö stumble, trip

,lw> fpNwd;> ,lwpNdd;> Ntd;

2. cl;fhu; cl;fhU ooT -- kawr sit, sit down

cl;fhu> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;;;

3. vO œ - Ļö rise, get up

vo> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

3.1 vOe;jpU œ - Ļooñ -- thea - rö stand up

vOe;jpUf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4. VW œ - Rö climb, rise, ascend; get in; get on, mount; ride

Vw> fpNwd;> VwpNdd;> Ntd; (intransitive, do not use the acusative case, say instead “climb on” )

5. XL ô - Dö run

Xl> fpNwd;> XbNdd;> Ntd;;;

5.1 Xbg;Ngh ô - Deap -- pô run away

Xbg;Nghf> fpNwd;> Xbg;NghNdd;> Ntd;

6. Fjp koo - thea jump, leap

Fjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

6.1 Fjpiu koo - thea - reiy horse

7. jq;F thung -- gö stay, remain

jq;f> fpNwd;> jq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

8. jto; jtO thuh - vuĻ crawl (as an infant or a reptile etc.)

jto> fpNwd> e;Njd;> Ntd;

9. el ñuh - Duh walk; behave; happen

elf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

9.1 elj;J ñuh - Duth -- thö lead (a child, a horse etc.); manage, conduct; treat

elj;j> fpNwd;> elj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

9.2 ele;Jnfhs; ele;Jnfhs;S ñuh - Duñ -- thoo - hôL treat, behave towards (with “eadum” suffix)(double verb)

ele;Jnfhs;s> fpNwd> ..nfhz;Nld;> Ntd;

9.3 ele;JNgh ñuh - Duñ -- thoo - bô walk along (double verb)

ele;JNghf> fpNwd;> ..NghNdd> Ntd;

10. epy; ñil stand; wait; stop

epw;f> fpNwd;> epd;Nwd;> epw;Ngd;

11. ePe;J ñeeñ -- thö swim

ePe;j> fpNwd;> ePe;jpNdd;> Ntd;;;

12. gLgl> fpNwd;> gl;Nld;> Ntd; (pers. endings) puh - Dö come into existence, occur, happen, appear, seem;

put up with, endure

gl> fpwJ> gl;lJ> gLk; (impers. endings) ;set (sun, moon); be caught (an animal)

12.1 Vw;gL oœT - puh - Dö occur, happen, prevail, come to be

Vw;gl> fpwJ> Vw;gl;lJ> Vw;gLk;;

13. gw puh - Ruh fly, hasten (intransitive verb, impersonal)

gwf;f> f;fpwJ> e;jJ> f;Fk;

14. tpO vœ - Ļö fall

tpo> fpNwd> e;Njd;> Ntd;

15. tpisahL vœ - leiy - yaw - Dö play, frolic

tpisahl> fpNwd;> tpisahbNdd;> Ntd;;;

June 20, 2015


9a - Building blocks for adjectives 9b - Size & Shape 9c - Furniture


1. Cl;L oooT -- Tö instill, infuse; impart; saturate; feed

Cl;l> fpNwd;> Cl;bNdd;> Ntd;

2. jh thaw produce, create; supply, provide, give (in general)

ju> jUfpNwd; je;Njd;> jUNtd; (sometimes a nominative object verb)

3. J}z;L thoooN -- Dö stir up (a fire); incite, motivate, impel (transitive)

J}z;l> fpNwd;> J}z;bNdd;> Ntd;;

3.1 J}z;Ljy; thooN – Doo - thal motivation

Tamil Vocabulary - 9b - Size & Shape


1. mfyk; uh - ha - lum width

1.1 mfykhd uh - ha - luh - maw - nuh wide, broad

2. msT uh - Luh - vö measure, proportion, size, magnitude

2.1 xusT o - ruh - Luh - vö a measure, a little, a trifle

3. Mok; aw - Ļum depth; profundity

3.1 Mokw;w aw - Ļuh - muT -- TRuh shallow (liaison required)

3.2 Mokhd aw - Ļuh - maw - nuh deep

3.3 MO Mo; aw - Ļö be deep; sink; be immersed

mo> fpwJ> Mo;e;jJ> MOk;;

3.4 Mo;e;j awĻñ -- thuh deep (i.e. far down)

4. ,Lf;fk; ih - Dook -- kum closeness; narrowness

4.1 ,Lf;fkhd ih - Dook -- kuh - maw - nuh close; narrow

5. cau; caU oo - yar rise, become high, ascend; be eminent

cau> fpNwd;> cau;e;Njd;> Ntd;;

5.1 cauk; oo - ya - rum height, altitude (noun)

5.2 caukhd cau;thd oo - ya - ruh - maw - nuh high, tall

5.3 cau;j;J oo - yarth -- thö lift up, elevate, exalt

cau;j;j> fpNwd;> cau;j;jpNdd;> Ntd;;

5.4 cau;tha; cau;thf oo - yar - vawyy highly

6. cd;djk; oon -- nuh - thum height, loftiness, elevation

6.1 cd;djkhd cd;dj oon -- nuh - thuh - maw - nuh high, lofty

7. xLf;fk; o - Dook -- kum narrowness

7.1 xLf;fkhd o - Dook -- kuh - maw - nuh narrow

8. xy;ypahd ol -- lea - yaw - nuh thin, slender, slim

9. Fl;il kooT -- Teiy shortness; pond; small piece of cloth

9.1 fl;il kuT -- Teiy short (with reference to height, liaison required)

9.2 fl;ilahd kuT -- Teiy - yaw - nuh short

9.3 Fl;ilahd kooT -- Teiy - yaw - nuh short

December 28, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 9b - Size & Shape (continued)

10. Fs;sk; kooL - Lum shortness in stature

10.1 Fs;sd; Fs;sp kooL - Lan short man / short woman

11. FWfpd FWfpa koo - Roo - hea - nuh narrow, short

12. nfhO ko - Ļö become fat, be plump

nfhOf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

12.1 nfhOj;j ko - Ļooth – thuh fat, plump

13. rg;ig sup -- peiy flat

13.1 rg;igahd sup -- peiy - yaw - nuh flat

14. rpW sœ - Roo small, little; inferior, deficient (no liaison)

14.1 rpwpJ sœ - Rea - thö a little, a little bit (substantive)

14.2 rpwpa sœ - Rea - yuh small (no liaison)

14.3 rpWghd;ik sœ - Roo - pawn -- meiy some, the minority (pronoun)

14.4 rpW Gj;jfk; sœ - Roo pooth -- thuh - hum small book, booklet, brochure

14.5 rpWkp rpWtp sœh - Roo - mea girl, lass

14.6 rpWtd; sœ - Roo - van lad, youngster

15. rpd;d sin -- nuh small, little (liaison required)

15.1 rpd;dk; sin -- num mark, sign, token, logo; minuteness

16. jl;il; thuT -- Teiy flatness; evenness; stubble

16.1 jl;ilahd thuT – Teiy - yaw - nuh flat, even

17. ePz;l ñœN -- Duh long

18. ePsk; ñœ - Lum length, distance; duration in time

18.1 ePs ñœ - Luh long (liaison required)

18.2 ePskhd ñœ - Luh - maw - nuh long

19. ngUk; peh - room great

19.1 jw;ngUik Ngrpa thuT – peh - roo - meiy pé - sea - yuh boastful

19.2 jw;ngUik NgR thuT – peh - roo - meiy pé - soo boast (combo verb)

19.3 ngupJk; peh - rea - thoom greatly

19.4 ngupa peh - rea - yuh big, large, great (no liaison)

19.5 ngupatd; peh - rea - yuh - van grown-up, adult, big person

19.6 ngU peh - rö grow large; become plentiful, become numerous

ngUf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

19.7 ngUik peh - roo - meiy greatness, fame, eminence; pride

19.8 ngUik nfhs; peh - roo - meiy kol takes pride (in); is proud (of) (use locative suffix)(double verb)

19.9 ngUikAs;s peh - roo - meiy - yooL -- Luh proud, arrogant

19.10 ngUikab peh - roo - meiy - yuh - Dea boast (combo verb)

19.11 ngUk;ghyuhd peh - room -- baw - luh - raw - nuh most (an adjective)

19.12 ngUk;ghyhd peh - room -- baw - law - nuh most (an adjective)

19.13 ngUk;ghYk; peh - room -- baw - loom mostly, generally, usually (meaning “almost all)

19.14 ngUk;ghd;ikau; peh - room - bawn -- meiy - yar majority

19.15 ngUk;ghd;ikahd peh - room -- bawn -- meiy - yaw - nuh most (i.e. the majority of) (adjective)

19.16 ngUk;ghd;ikNahu; peh - room -- bawn -- meiy - yôr majority

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 9b - Size & Shape (continued)

20. nky;ypa mel -- lea - yuh thin (not thick)

21. tl;lk; vuT -- Tum circle

21.1 tl;lkhd vuT -- Tuh - maw - nuh circular, round

Tamil Vocabulary - 9c - Furniture


1. Mrdk; aw - sa - num seat (anything to sit on)

2. Mb aw - Dea mirror

3. fl;by; kuT -- Teal cot, small bed

4. fjpiu kuh - thea - reiy chair

5. Nrhgh sô - baw sofa

6. nlyptp\d; Deh - lea - vea - shan television

7. jl;LKl;L thuT – Too - mooT– Tö furniture, goods; luggage; apparatus, utensils

8. jiyaiz tha - leiy - yuh - Neiy pillow

9. jpiur;rPiy thih - reiych - chee - leiy curtain

10. njhl;by; thoT – teal crib, cradle

11. njhiyf;fhl;rp btp tho - leiyk -- kawT -- chea television

12. ehw;fhyp ñawT - kaw - lea chair

13. gLf;if puh - Dook -- keiy bed

14. nkj;ij meth -- theiy quilt, cushion

15. Nkir Nki[ mé - seiy table, item of furniture

16. thq;F vawng - gö bench

17. tpsf;F vœ - Luk -- kö lamp

April 17, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 10

10a - Excellence & Importance 10b - Weight & Difficulty


1. mjprak; uh - thea - suh - yum wonder, miracle, marvel; excellence

1.1 mjprakhd uh - thea - suh - yuh - maw - nuh wonderful, excellent

2. mw;gkhd uT -- puh - maw - nuh meager, scanty, insignificant

3. ,yl;rpa ih - luT -- chea - yuh ideal (requires liaison)

3.1 ,yl;rpak; ih - luT -- chea - yum goal

4. cr;rk; ooch -- chum maximum; excellence; altitude

4.1 cr;r ooch -- chuh maximum, ultimate

4.2 cr;rf;fl;lkhd ooch -- chuk -- kuT – Tuh - maw - nuh maximum, ultimate

4.3 cr;rp ooch -- chea summit, peak; crown (head); zenith; midday

5. fPu;j;jp keerth - thea fame, celebrity, renown, reputation

5.1 mgfPu;j;jpAs;s uh - buh - heerth -- yooL -- Luh infamous, notorious

5.2 ew;fPu;j;jpAs;s keerth -- thea renowned, well spoken of

6. fpahjp kea - yaw - thea praise; fame, celebrity; excellence

7. nfsutk; kow - ruh - vum honour, dignity

7.1 nfsutkhd kow - ruh - vuh - maw - nuh honourable

8. rpyhf;fpak; sih - lawk -- kea - yum privilege; excellence

9. ehkk; ñaw - mum fame, reputation; name (especially of a deity)

10. gLj;J puh - Dooth -- thö cause (combines with nouns to make verbs)

GLj;j> fpNwd;> gLj;jpNdd;> Ntd;;;

11. gu pa - ruh pre-eminent, excellent; heavenly; foreign

11.1 guk pa - ruh - muh excellent; heavenly, divine

11.2 guth pa - ruh - vaw greatness, importance

11.3 guthapy;iy pa - ruh - vaw - yeal -- leiy not great; not important (doesn’t matter)

12. gpujhd gpujhdkhd pih - ruh - thaw - nuh main, principal, chief (adjective)

13. G+uzk; pooo - ruh - Num fullness, plenitude, perfection

13.1 mG+uzk; uh - booo - ruh - Num imperfection

13.2 G+uzkhd pooo - ruh - Nuh - maw - nuh perfect

13.3 gupG+uzkhd gupG+uz pa- rea - booo - ruh - Nuh - maw - nuh perfect (the “pa-rea” suffix adds intensity)

13.4 G+uzg;gLj;J pooo - ruh - Nup - puh - Dooth – thö perfect, make perfect (combo verb)

14. G+u;tk; pooor - vum priority, precedence; antiquity

15. kfh muh - haw great, high, exalted; most

15.1 kfj;jhd muh - huth -- thaw - nuh great, marvellous, wonderful

15.2 kfpik muh - hea - meiy glory, grandeur, majesty

15.3 kfpikg;gLj;J muh - hea - meiyp -- puh - Dooth – thö glorify, magnify, praise (combo verb)

16. kh maw great

16.1 khngUk; maw - beh - room great, magnificent

July 11, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 10a - Excellence & Importance (continued)

17. kjp muh - thea esteem, respect, valuekjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

17.1 kjpj;JzU muh - theath -- thoo - Na - rö realize, recognize, appreciate (double verb)

17.2 kjpg;gpL muh - theap - pea - Dö evaluatekjpg;gpl> fpNwd;> kjpg;gpl;Nld;> Ntd;;;

17.3 kjpg;gPL muh - theap -- pee - Dö estimation, valuation

17.4 kjpg;gPLfs; kjpg;Gfs; muh - theap -- pee - Doo - huL values

17.5 kjpg;G muh - theap -- pö value; esteem, respect, honour (“respect for”, use kPJ)

17.6 kjpg;Gtha;e;j ngUkjpg;Gtha;e;j muh - theap - poo - vawyñ -- thuh precious, valuable

17.7 kjpg;Gs;s kjpg;Gkpf;f muh - theap - pooL – Luh precious, valuable

18. Kf;fpak; mook -- kea - yum what is important; superiority, eminence

18.1 Kf;fpa mook -- kea - yuh important

18.2 Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mook -- kea - yuth -- thoo - vum importance

18.3 Kf;fpakhf> Kf;fpakha; mook -- kea - yuh - maw - huh chiefly, especially

18.4 Kf;fpakhd mook -- kea - yuh - maw - nuh important

19. Kjy; moo - thal first, beginning (noun); first (adjective)

beginning with (postposition, complement in nomin. case)

19.1 Kjy;Kjy; Kjd; Kjy; moo - thal -- moo - thal for the very first time, at the very first

19.2 Kjyhtjhf moo - tha - law -vuh - thaw - huh firstly, in the first place

19.3 Kjyplk; moo - tha - lea - Dum priority, first place

20. Kd;Dupik moon -- noo - rea - meiy priority

21. tpNr\k; vih - sé - shum specialty, peculiarity, distinction; excellence

21.1 tpNr\ vih - sé - shuh special

21.2 tpNr\khd tpNr\pj;j vih - sé - shuh - maw - nuh special

21.3 tpNr\kha; vih - sé - shuh - mawyy especially

21.4 tpNr\p vih - sé - shea make special, make prominenttpNr\pf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

June 22, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 10b - Weight & Difficulty


1. Mf;F awk -- kö cause to be, create, make

Mf;f> fpNwd;> Mf;fpNdd; Ntd;;; (a component in many verbs)

2. ,yF ih - luh - hö lightness, minuteness; ease, easiness

2.1 ,yFthd ih - luh - hoo - vaw - nuh light; easy

2.2 ,yFthf;F ih - luh - hoo - vawk -- kö make easy, facilitate (combo verb)

3. vsp œ - Lea easy (to get, to acquire, to do)

3.1 vspjpy; œ - Lea - theal easily

4. fbdk; kuh - Dea - num hardness, firmness; harshness; difficulty

4.1 fbdkhd kuh - Dea - nuh - maw - nuh hard, firm; difficult

5. fdk; ka - num weight; honour

5.1 fd ka - nuh be heavy, become heavy, be abundant

fdf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

5.2 fdg;gLj;J ka - nup -- puh - dooth -- thö bring honour to (combo verb)

5.3 fdkhd ka - nuh - maw - nuh heavy

5.4 fdk;gz;Z ka - num -- buN -- Nö honour, esteem, respect (combo verb)

6. rpf;F sik -- kö become complicated, be ensnared; ensnare, hook

rpf;f> fpNwd;> rpf;fpNdd;> Ntd;;

6.1 rpf;fyw;w sik -- kuh - luT -- Truh uncomplicated, simple

6.2 rpf;fyhd sik -- kuh - law - nuh complex, intricate

7. rPu;J}f;F seer -- thoook -- kö weigh (with a balance or in the mind) ; consider

rPu;J}f;f> fpNwd;> rPu;J}f;fpNdd;> Ntd;;

7.1 rPu;J}f;fpg; ghu; seer – thoook – keep pawr reason on (with accusative case)

8. Rygk; soo - luh - bum easiness, facility (of acquisition, of attainment); trifle

8.1 Rygkhd soo - luh - buh - maw - nuh easy (to acquire, to attain)

9. epW ñih - Rö weigh, balance (anything)

epWf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

10. gST gS puh - Loo - vö heaviness; weight

10.1 gSthd puh - Loo - vaw - nuh heavy

11. ghuk; paw - rum weight, burden, load, obligation

11.1 ghur;Rik paw - ruch - choo - meiy heavy load, great responsibility

11.2 ghukhd paw - ruh - maw - nuh heavy

11.3 ghuk;gupak; paw - rum -- ba - rea - yum tradition

11.4 ghutz;b paw - ruh - vuN -- Dea wagon

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 11 - Vocabulary - First List of Transitive Verbs


1. mq;fPfup mq;fpfup ung -- gee - ha - rea approve, accept, welcome

mq;fPfupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 mq;fPfhuk; ung -- gee haw - rum approval

2. MrPu;tjp aw - seer – vuh - thea bless

Mrpj;tjpf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.1 MrPu;thjk; Mrp aw - seer -- vaw - thum blessing, benediction

3. ,o œ - Ļuh lose, forfeit

,of;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

4. ,O œ - Ļö pull, draw, tug, drag

,Of;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

5. cij oo - theiy kick

cijf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6. Cw;W oooT -- Trö pour, spill, let flow

Cw;w> fpNwd;> Cw;wpNdd; Ntd;

7. vL eh - Dö take

vLf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

8. vwp œ - Rea throw, fling, emit

vwpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;;;

9. Vw;W œT -- TRö lift up; put upon; put, put in

Vw;w> fpNwd;> Vw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

10. xJf;F o - thook -- kö put aside, set aside, put away, expel

xJf;f> fpNwd;> xJf;fpdd;> Ntd;

11. fhl;L kawT – Tö show (usually takes an “eadum” suffix for the dative case)

fhl;l> fpNwd;> fhl;bNdd;> Ntd;;;

11.1 fhl;rp kawT - chea view, sight

12. nfhs; nfhs;S koL take or receive (with the hand); contain; have, comprise

nfhs;s> fpNwd> nfhz;Nld;> Ntd; (rarely stands on its own, used with past participle of other verbs)

13. re;jp suñ -- thea meet; visit

re;jpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

14. rhj;J sawth -- thö close (door etc.)

rhj;j> fpNwd;> rhj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

15. rhu;e;jpU sawrñ -- thea - rö rely on, depend upon

rhu;e;jpUf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

16. jFjpahF thuh - hoo - thea - yaw - hö deserve, merit (combo verb)

17. js;S thuL -- Lö push, shove, move; reject

js;s> fpNwd;> js;spNdd;> Ntd;;;

18. jhq;F thawng -- gö support; protect; bear, carry

jhq;f> fpNwd;> jhq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

19. jpw thœ - Ruh open; unlock; reveal, disclose

jpwf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

19.1 jpwTNfhy; thœ - Ruh - voo - hôl key

20. Jil thoo - Deiy wipe, wipe off; scrub, scour

Jilf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

June 21, 2015

Lesson 11 Vocabulary - Transitive Verbs (continued)

20.1 Jilg;gk; thoo - Deiyp -- pum duster; broom; mop

21. J}f;F thoook -- kö lift, hoist; weigh, balance

J}f;;f> fpNwd;> Jf;fpNdd;> Ntd;;;

21.1 J}f;fpf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S thook -- keak -- koL carry off, carry away (double verb)

22. NjL thé - Dö seek, search for, look for

Njl> fpNwd;> NjbNdd;> Ntd;;;

23. ij thii sew, stitch

ijf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

23.1 ijaw;fhud; thii - yuT -- kaw - ran tailor

24. epWj;J ñœ - Rooth – thö stop, cause to cease; set up, establish

epWj;j> fpNwd;> epWj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

25. gpurq;fp pih - ruh - sung -- gea preach, proclaim

gpurq;fpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

26. gpd;gw;W pin - buT - TRö follow, imitate, pursue (i.e. accept and apply, copy)

gpd;gw;w> fpNwd;> gpd;gw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

26.1 gpd;gw;wp el ghu;j;J el pin - buT - Tree ñuh - Duh copy, imitate (double verb)

27. nghWf;F po - Rook -- kö pick up here and there, glean

nghWf;f> fpNwd;> nghWf;fpNdd;> Nts;

27.1 nghWf;fp vL po - Rook -- kea eh - Dö pick up (double verb)

28. Nghl;LtpL pôT -- Too - vih - Dö drop; lose; throw (double verb)

Nghl;Ltpl> fpNwd;> ...tpl;Nld;> Ntd;

29. Nghw;W pôT -- TRö appreciate, treat with regard; praise

Nghw;w> fpNwd;> Nghw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

29.1 neQ;rhu Nghw;W ñegn -- jaw - ruh pôT -- TRö cherish

neQ;rhu Nghw;w> fpNwd;> Nghw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

30. kb muh - Dea fold, bend

kbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

30.1 klf;F muh - Duk -- kö bend, fold

klf;f> fpNwd;> klf;fpNdd;> Ntd;;;

31. kw muh - Ruh forget

kwf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

31.1. kwe;J Ngh muh - Ruñ -- thoo pô forget (double verb)

kwe;J Nghf> fpNwd;> NghNdd; (NghapNdd;)> Ntd;

31.2 kwe;JtpL muh - Ruñ -- thoo - vea - Dö forget (double verb)

kwe;Jtpl> fpNwd;> ...tpl;Nld;> Ntd;

32. kd;dp man -- nea forgive

kd;dpf;;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

32.1 kd;dpj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S man -- neath -- thook -- koL excuse, pardon (double verb)

32.2 kd;dpg;G man -- neap -- pö forgiveness

33. tpy; vil sell

tpw;f> tpw;fpNwd;> tpw;Nwd;> tpw;Ngd;;;

34. ntl;L veT -- Tö cut

ntl;l> fpNwd;> ntl;bNdd;> Ntd;;;

April 20, 2015


12a - Seeing: fz;> ghu; etc. 12b - Family


1. fz; kuN eye

1.1 fz;fhzp kuN -- gaw - Nea overseer

1.2 fz;lil kuN -- Duh - Deiy find, come to acquire (double verb)

fz;lila> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;;;

1.3 fz;lwp kuN -- Duh - Rea find out, come to know (double verb)

fz;lwpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;;;

1.4 fz;bg;ghf kuN -- Deap - paw - huh clearly, pointedly, plainly

1.5 fz;Lnfhs; ..nfhs;S kuN -- Doo -- koL find (double verb)

1.6 fz;Lgpb kuN -- Doo - pea - Dea find, discover; invent (double verb)

fz;Lgpbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

1.7 fz;Lgpbg;G kuN -- Doo - pea - Deap – poo find, discovery; invention

1.8 fz;nlL kuN -- Deh - Dö find (a thing) (double verb)

1.9 fz;ghu;it kuN -- pawr - veiy eyesight

1.10 fhzf;$lhj kaw - Nuk -- kooo - Daw - thuh invisible

1.11 fhzg;gL kaw - Nup -- puh - Dö appear, be seen, be perceived (combo verb)

1.12 fhz; kawN see, view, behold, perceive; experience

fhz> fhz;fpNwd;> fz;Nld;> fhz;Ngd;

1.13 fhz;gp kawN -- bea show, exhibit, highlight

fhz;gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

2. juprp thuh - rea - sea see, behold; perceive

juprpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

2.1 mjuprdkhd uh - thuh - rea - sa - nuh - maw - nuh invisible

3. Nehf;F ñôk -- kö look, look at, behold, view, survey; intend

Nehf;f> fpNwd;> Nehf;fpNdd;> Ntd;;;

3.1 vjpu;Nehf;F eh - thear -- ñôk -- kö anticipate, look forward to (combo verb)

3.2 cs;Nehf;fk; ooL - ñôk -- kum motive

3.3 Nehf;fk; Nehf;F ñôk -- kum purpose, intention, aim; look, view, gaze

3.4 Nehf;Fepiy ñôk -- koo - ñih- leiy perspective, viewpoint

4. ghu; pawr see, look at

ghu;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;; (a component of many other verbs)

4.1 cl;ghu;it ooT -- pawr -- veiy insight

4.2 ghu;j;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S pawrth -- thook -- koL care for; see to it that (with an infinitive) (double verb)

4.3 ghu;it pawr -- veiy sight, vision; appearance

4.4 ghu;itahsu;fs; pawr -- veiy - yaw - Lar - huL audience

4.5 ghu;itapL pawr -- veiy - yea - Dö have a look at (lit. bestow a glance at)(combo verb)

4.6 Nkw;ghu;itapL mœT -- pawr -- veiy - yea - Dö oversee, supervise (combo verb)

Nkw;ghu;itapl> fpNwd;> ..apl;Nld;> Ntd;;;

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 12b - Family


1. mf;fh mf;fhs; uk -- kaw sister (older)

plurals - mf;fhfs;> mf;fhs;fs;

2. mz;zd; plural - mz;zd;fs; uN -- Nan brother (older)

3. mg;gh up -- paw father, dad

4. mk;kh um -- maw mother, mom

4.1 mk;khs; um -- mawL mother, lady

5. cwtpdu; oo - Ruh - vea - nar relative, kinsman

6. Iah ii - yaw father, master (respectful term for any older male)

7. fztd;; kuh - Nuh - van husband

8. FLk;gk;; koo - Doom -- bum family

8.1 FLk;gj;jhu;; koo - Doom -- buth – thawr family members

9. Fkhud; koo - maw - ran son (more respectful)

9.1 Fkhuj;jp koo - maw - ruth -- thea daughter (more respectful)

10. Foe;ij koo - Ļuñ -- theiy child

11. rNfhjud; suh - hô - tha - ran brother

11.1 rNfhjup suh - hô - tha - rea sister

11.2 rNfhjuj;Jtk; suh - hô - tha - ruth -- thoo - vum brotherhood

12. re;jjp suñ -- thuh - thea son; offspring, posterity, lineage, descendant

13. jfg;gd; thuh - hup -- pan father (more respectful)

14. jq;if thung -- geiy sister (younger)

15. je;ij thuñ ---theiy (his, her, or their) own father

16. jk;gjpfs; thum -- buh - thea - huL married couple

17. jk;gp thum -- bea brother (younger)

18. jhj;jh thawth -- thaw grandfather

18.1 jhj;jhghl;bkhu; thawth -- thaw - pawt -- tea - mawr grandparents

19. jha; thawyy mother

19.1 jha;jfg;gd;khu; thawyy -- thuh - hup -- pan -- mawr parents (mother,father)

20. ghl;ld; pawT -- Tan grandfather

20.1 nfhs;Sg;ghl;ld; koL -- Loop -- pawT -- Tan great grandfather

20.2 ghl;ldhu; pawT -- Ta - nawr grandfather

21. ghl;b pawT -- Tea grandmother

21.1 nfhs;Sg;ghl;b koL -- Loop -- pawT -- Tea great grandmother

21.2 ghl;bahu; pawT -- Tea - yawr grandmother

22. ghg;gh pawp -- paw little child, doll

23. gpjh pih - thaw father (very respectful)

24. gps;is pœL -- Leiy child

24.1 ngz;gps;is pœN -- pœL -- Leiy girl

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 12b - Family (continued)

25. Gj;jud; pooth - tha -ran son

26. GU\d; poo - roo - shan husband, man

27. G+l;ld; poooT -- Tan great grandfather

27.1 G+l;lg;gps;is poooT -- Tup -- pœL -- Leiy great grandchild

28. ngw;Nwhu; ngw;whu; peT -- TRôr parent, parents

29. Ngud; pé -- ran grandson

29.1 nfhs;Sg;Ngj;jp koL -- Loop -- péth -- thea great granddaughter

29.2 nfhs;SgNgud; koL -- Loop -- pé - ran great grandson

29.3 Ngj;jp pé -- thea granddaughter

29.4 Ngug;gps;is pé -- rup -- piL -- Leiy grandchildren

30. kfd; plural - kfd;fs; muh - han son

30.1 kfs; plural - kfs;fs; muh - huL daughter

30.2 kUkfs; ma - roo - muh - huL daughter-in-law; niece

30.3 kUkfd; ma - roo - muh - han son-in-law; nephew

31. kidtp ma - neiy - vea wife

32. khkh maw - maw uncle; father-in-law

32.1 khkdhu; maw - ma - nawr uncle; father-in-law

32.2 khkp maw - mea aunt; mother-in-law

32.3 khkpahu; maw - mea - yawr aunt; mother-in-law

33. ikj;Jdd; miith -- thoo - nan brother-in-law

33.1 ikj;Jdp miith -- thoo - nea sister-in-law

August 22, 2009


13a - Linking Verbs 13b - Nominative object verbs 13c - Coming & Going


1. MF aw - hö become, come to be, be; happen; be completed

Mf> fpNwd;> MfpNdd; (MapNdd;> MNdd;)> Mntd; (a linking verb)

2. ,U ih - rö be, exist; live; sit (a linking verb)

,Uf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 13b - Nominative Object Verbs

1. mDg;G a - noop -- pö send (a nominative object verb)

mDg;g> fpNwd;> mDg;gpNdd;> Ntd;

2. vOJ œ - Ļoo - thö write (a nominative object verb)

vOj> fpNwd;> vOjpNdd;> Ntd;

2.1 vOJgtd; vOj;jhsu; œ - Ļoo - thoo - buh - van writer

3. fl;L kuT -- Tö build, fabricate; wear; tie, bind (transitive - nom. object verb)

fl;l> fpNwd;> fl;bNdd;> Ntd; harden, congeal; form (intransitive meanings)

3.1 fl;Ljy; kuT -- Too - thal construction, fabrication

4. Fb koo - Dea drink (a nominative object verb)

Fbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

5. nfhL ko - Dö give (a nominative object verb)

nfhLf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; (a component of many other verbs)

6. rik suh - meiy cook (a transitive verb & a nominative object verb)

rikf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7. rhg;gpL sawp -- pea - Dö eat (a nominative object verb)

rhg;gl> fpNwd;> rhg;gplNdd;> Ntd;

8. gb puh - Dea study, learn; read (a nominative object verb)

gbf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9. ghL paw - Dö sing (a nominative object verb)

ghl> fpNwd;> ghbNdd;> Ntd;

9.1 ghly; paw - Dal song; poem

9.2 ghl;L pawT -- Tö singing; song

10. ngW peh - Rö obtain, get, attain; give birth to, bring forth

ngw> fpNwd;> ngw;Nwd;> Ntd; (a nominative object verb)

11. NghL pô - Dö put, place, thrown down (with the accusative case)

Nghl> fpNwd;> Nghl;Nld;> Ntd; put on; wear (a nominative object verb)

12. tiu va - reiy draw, delineate (a nominative object verb)

tiua> fpNwd;> tiue;Njd;> Ntd;

12.1 tiuaiw va - reiy - yuh - Reiy limitation, restriction; definition

13. thq;F vawng -- gö buy, purchase (a nom. object verb); take, accept, receive

thq;f> fpNwd;> thq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

13.1 thq;fpf;nfhs; vawng –geak – kôL accept

14. thrp vaw - sea read; play (a musical instruent) (a nominative object verb)

thrpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

14.1 thrpfu; vaw - sea - har reader

14.2 thrpg;G vaw - seap – pö reading

March 28, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 13c - Coming and Going


1. fpsk;G kœ - Lum -- bö set out, leave (intransitive)

fpsk;g> fpNwd;> fpdk;gpNdd;> Ntd;

2. iftpL kii -vih - Dö forsake, desert, abandon (combo verb)

3. nry; nry;Y sel go, flow; be suitable

nry;y> fpNwd;> nrd;Nwd;> Ntd;

4. ePq;F ñeeng -- gö leave, separate from, abandon, be liberated from

ePq;f> fpNwd;> ePq;fpNdd;;> Ntd;

5. gpuNtrp pih - ruh - vé - sea enter (intransitive, use with a postposition)

gpuNtrpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6. Gwk; poo - Rum outside, exterior; side; back, backside

6.1 Gwg;gL poo - Rup -- puh - Dö depart, set out

Gwg;gl> fpNwd;> Gwg;gl;Nld;> Ntd;;;

7. Ngh pô go

Nghf> fpNwd;> NghNdd; (NghapNdd;)> Ntd; (a component of many other verbs)

7.1 Nghf;F pôk – kö cause to go; dispel, clear away; remove; destroy

Nghf;f> fpNwd;> Nghf;fpNdd;> Ntd;;;

7.2 Ngha;r; re;jp pôyych -- chuñ – thea visit (i.e. go and meet) (double verb)

7.2 Ngha;r; Nru; pôyych -- chér come to, reach (double verb)

Ngha;r; Nru> NrUfpNwd;> Nru;e;Njd;> NrUNtd;;;

7.3 Ngha;g; ghu; pôyyp -- pawr visit (i.e. go and see) (double verb)

7.4 Ngha; tpL pôyy vih - Dö leave, go away (double verb)

Ngha; tpl> fpNwd;> tpl;Nld;> Ntd;;;

7.5 Nghd pô - nuh last, previous

7.6 Nghdfhyk; pô - nuh - kaw - lum time past; past tense

8. th vaw come

tu> tUfpNwd; (thNwd;)> te;Njd;> tUNtd; (a component of many other verbs)

8.1 te;J re;jp vuñ -- thoo suñ -- thea visit (double verb)

8.2 te;J Nru; vuñ -- thoo sér arrive, come to, reach (double verb)

te;J Nru> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;;;

8.3 tUif va - roo - heiy coming

9. tpL vih - Dö send away, dismiss; reject

tpLf;;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9.1 tpL vih - Dö release, set free, liberate; leave, forsake; cease

tpl> fpNwd;> tpl;Nld;> Ntd;

9.2 tpLjiy vih - Doo - tha - leiy deliverance, release, freedom

9.3 tpLtp vih - Doo - vea release, set free, liberate

tpLtpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10. tpul;L vih - ruT -- Tö expel, drive away

tpul;l> fpNwd;> tpul;bNdd;;> Ntd;

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 13c - Coming and Going

11. tpyF vih - luh - hö withdraw, draw away, recede from; dismiss, discard

tpyf> fpNwd> tpyfpNdd;> Ntd;

11.1 tpyfp vih - luh - hea off, away from (postposition with the accusative case)

11.2 tpyfpg; Ngh vih - luh - heap pô go away (double verb)

11.3 tpyfpapU vih - luh - hea - yea - rö abstain (double verb)

August 22,, 2009


14a - Virtue


1. mlf;fk; uh - Duk -- kum modesty; concealment

1.1 mlf;fkhd uh - Duk -- kuh - maw - nuh modest

1.2 mlf;fKs;s uh - Duk -- kuh - mooL -- Luh modest

1.3 mlf;fk; nra; uh - Duk -- kum sehyy bury

2. md;G an -- bö love

2.1 md;gw;w an – buT -- TRuh unloving, unkind (with liaison)

3. ,r;iralf;fk; ich -- chi - yuh - duk -- kum self-control

4. ,uf;fk; ih - ruk -- kum mercy, compassion, pity

4.1 ,uf;fKs;s ih - ruk -- kuh - mooL -- Luh merciful, compassionate

5. cz;ik ooN -- meiy truth, fact; honesty, faithfulness; true

5.1 cz;ikj;jtwhik ooN -- meiyth -- thuh - vuh - Raw - meiy loyalty

5.2 cz;ikj;jtwhikAs;s ooN -- meiyth -- thuh - vuh - Raw - meiy - yooL -- Luh loyal

5.3 cz;ikg;gw;WWjp gw;WWjp ooN -- meiyp -- puT -- TRoo - Roo - thea loyalty

5.4 cz;ikg;gw;WWjpAs;s ooN -- meiyp -- puT -- TRoo - Roo - thea - yooL – Luh loyal

5.5 cz;ikahf ooN -- meiy - yaw - huh really, truly, in fact

5.6 cz;ikahd ooN -- meiy - yaw - nuh true. genuine

5.7 cz;ikapy; ooN -- meiy - yeal really, truly, in fact

5.8 cz;ikAs;s ooN -- meiy - yooL -- Luh faithful

6. cj;jkk; cj;jkj;jd;ik ooth -- thuh - mum virtue, excellence, integrity

7. fUiz ka - roo - Neiy compassion, mercy

8. fw;G kuT -- poo chastity, virtue

8.1 fw;Gs;s kuT -- pooL -- Luh chaste, virtuous

9. fpUig kih - roo - beiy mercy, compassion, benevolence

9.1 fpUigAs;s kih - roo - beiy - yooL -- Luh merciful, compassionate, benevolent

10. Fzk; koo - Num quality, attribute; virtue, healthfulness; nature, disposition

10.1 Fzkhd koo - Nuh - maw - nuh kind hearted, good natured, generous

10.2 FzKs;s koo - Nuh - mooL -- Luh kind hearted, good natured, generous

11. rhe;jk; sawñ -- thum mildness, meekness, calmness, composure

11.1 rhe;jkhd sawñ - thuh - maw - nuh mild, meek, calm

12. jaT thuh - yuh - vö kindness, favour, mercy, clemency

12.1 jathd thuh - yuh - vaw - nuh kind

12.2 jaT nra;J thuh - yuh - voo seh -- thö please

12.3 jaTs;s thuh - yuh - vooL -- Luh kind

13. jahsk; thuh - yaw - Lum generosity

13.1 jahskhd thuh - yaw - Luh - maw - nuh generous

14. jhuhsk; thaw - raw - Lum generosity, magnamity

14.1 jhuhs thaw - raw - Luh generous, magnaminous

March 21, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 14a - Virtue (continued)


15. eyk; ña -- lum goodness, virtue; welfare; advantage

15.1 eyd; ña - lan welfare, good, profit, benefit, advantage

15.2 ey;y ey;yjhd ñal -- luh good

15.3 ey;y RfKs;s ñal -- luh soo - huh - mooL – Luh healthy

15.4 ey;yha; ñal -- lawyy well (adverb, liaison required)

15.5 ey;tuT ñal -- va - ruh - vö welcome, hearty reception

15.6 ed;F ñan -- gö well (adverb, liaison required)

15.7 ed;ik ñan -- meiy goodness, virtue, welfare, utility, benefit

15.8 ed;ikf;fhd ñan -- meiyk -- kaw - nuh good, beneficial, profitable

15.9 ed;ikail ñan -- meiy -yuh - Deiy benefit (combo verb)

ed;ikaila> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;;

15.10 ed;wha; ed;whf ñan -- DRawyy fine, well, beautifully (adverb, requires liaison consonant)

15.11 ed;wp ñan -- DRea thanks

15.12 ed;wp nrYj;J ñan -- DRea seh looth -- thö give thanks (‘koo’ suffix) (combo verb)

ed;wp nrYj;j> fpNwd;> ..jp;Ndd;> Ntd;

15.13 ed;wp njuptp ñan -- DRea theh - rea - vea thank (combo verb)

ed;wp njuptpf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;;

15.14 ed;wpaw;w ñan -- DRea - yuT - TRuh unthankful, ungrateful

15.15 ed;wpAzu;T ñan -- DRea - yoo - Nar - vö gratitude, appreciation

15.16 ed;wpAs;s ñan -- DRea - yooL – Luh thankful, grateful

16. ep[khf ep[khfNt ñih - juh - maw - huh actually, really

17. ePjp ñee - thea justice, righteousness, morality

17.1 ePjpkhd; ñee - thea - mawn righteous one

17.2 ePjpahd ePjpAs;s ñee - thea - yaw - nuh just, righteous

18. Neu; ñér straightness; rightness; honesty

18.1 Neubahf ñé - ruh - dea - yaw - huh directly

18.2 Neu; Neuhd ñér straight; upright, honest

18.3 Neu;j;jpahd ñérth -- thea - yaw - nuh neat

18.4 Neu;ik ñér -- meiy honesty

18.5 Neu;ikahd ñér -- meiy - yaw - nuh straight; upright, honest

18.6 Neu;ik tha;e;j ñér -- meiy vawyyñ -- thuh sincere

19. gupRj;jk; pa - rea - sooth -- thum purity; holiness, sanctity

19.1 gupRj;j pa - rea - sooth -- thuh holy (no liaison)

19.2 gupRj;jkhf;F pa - rea - sooth -- thuh - mawk -- koo make holy, sanctify

19.3 gupRj;jkhd pa - rea - sooth -- thuh - maw- nuh holy, sacred

19.4 gupRj;ju; pa - rea - sooth -- thar holy one(s), innocent one(s)

April 30, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 14a - Virtue (continued)


20. nghW po - Rö bear, sustain; bear with, exercise forbearance

nghWf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

20.1 nghWg;G po - Roop -- pö responsibility; burden

20.2 nghWik po - Roo - meiy patience

20.3 nghWikAs;s po - Roo - meiy - yooL -- Luh patient, enduring

21. nka; mehyy truth, sincerity (noun); true (adjective - with liaison)

21.1 nka;ahf nka;ahfNt mehyy – yaw - huh truly, really, indeed

March 21, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 15 - Vocabulary Verb Pairs - transitive and intransitive


1. mlf;F uh - Duk -- kö subdue, reduce, contain, deposit (transitive verb)

mlf;f> fpNwd;> f;fpNdd;> Ntd;

1.1 mlq;fpa uh - Dung -- gea - yuh containing, including (adjective)

1.2 mlq;F uh - Dung -- gö be subdued, be reduced, be incorporated (intransitive)

mlq;f> fpNwd;> fpNdd;> Ntd;

2. mil uh - Deiy shut, close; enclose, block up (transitive verb)

milf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.1 mil uh - Deiy reach, arrive at (accusative case, destination must be specified)

mila> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;; get, obtain, acquire (accusative) ; take refuge (intransitive)

mila> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak; be closed, be blocked up (intransitive)

3. mir uh - seiy move, stir, shake, agitate, wave (transitive)

mirpf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 mir uh - seiy move, stir, tremble, quiver (intransitive)

mirpa> fpNwd> e;Njd;> Ntd;

4. ML aw - Dö shake, vibrate, move (intransitive verb)

Ml> fpNwd> MbNdd;> Ntd;

4.1 Ml;lk; awT -- Tum vibration, rocking; game; dance

4.2 Ml;L awT - Tö shake, agitate, move (transitive verb)

Ml;l> fpNwd;> Ml;bNdd;> Ntd; (for referring to people)

Ml;l> fpwJ> Ml;bdJ> Ml;Lk; (for referring to animals or things)

5. ,b ih - Dea beat, demolish (transitive meanings) (nominative object verb)

,bf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; beat, throb, palpitate (intransitive meanings)

5.1 ,b ih - Dea be demolished, be broken (intransitive verb)

,ba> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

5.2 ,b ih - Dea stroke, blow; thunderbolt, loud noise

6. cil oo - Deiy break, burst (transitive verb)

cilf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 cil oo - Deiy burst, be fractured, be burst open (intransitive verb)

cila> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

7. fpop kœh - Ļea rip, tear, split, divide (transitive verb)

fpopf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7.1 fpop kœh - Ļea rip, tear, split, divide (intransitive verb)

fpopa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

8. Fdp koo - nea bend, curve (transitive verb)

Fdpf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8.1 Fdp koo - nea stoop, bend down, crouch, curve (intransitive verb)

Fdpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

8.2 jiyFdp tha - leiy - koo - nea bow the head (combo verb)

9. jtpu; thuh - vear put away, remove, discontinue (transitive verb)

jtpu;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9.1 jtpu; jtpU thuh - vear abstain, refrain from; shun, avoid

jtpu> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd; (transitive & intransitive)

August 16, 2015



10. jho; thawĻ let down, press down (transitive)

jho;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10.1 jho; thawĻ be low, become low, sink, decline (intransitive)

jho> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

11. jpup thih - rea twist, turn (transitive)

jpupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

11.1 jpup thih - rea ramble, wander; turn, whirl; be twisted (intransitive)

jpupa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

12. njhq;F thong -- goo hang, be suspended (intransitive verb)

njhq;f> fpNwd> njhq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

12.1 njhq;ftpL thong -- guh - vea - Dö suspend, hang from above (transitive verb) (combo verb)

13. njhL tho - Dö join, connect, attach (transitive verb)

njhLf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

13.1 njhL tho - Dö touch, handle (transitive meanings)

njhl> fpwd; l;Nld;> Ntd; be joined, be connected (intransitive meanings)

14. njhiy tho - leiy lose (transitive verb)

njhiyf;;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

14.1 njhiy tho - leiy be lost, be defeated (intransitive verb)

njhiya> fpwJ> e;jJ> njhiyAk;s

15. epkpU epkpu; ñih - mea - rö become straight; stand upright; be lofty (intransitive)

epkpu> fpNwd;> epkpu;e;Njd;> Ntd;

15.1 epkpu;j;J ñih - mearth – thö straighten, set upright (transitive verb)

epkpu;j;j fpNwd;> epkpu;jjp;Ndd;> Ntd;

16. gpup pih - rea separate, divide, sever (transitive verb)

gpupf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

16.1 gpup pih - rea part from, diverge, become separated (intransitive verb)

gpupa> fpwJ> e;jJ> gpupAk;

16.2 gpuptpid pih - rea -vea - neiy separation, division, schism

17. tsu; vuh - Lar grow, raise, cultivate (transitive verb)

tsu;f;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; (attend to while growing, whether a child, an animal or food)

17.1 tsU tsu; vuh - Luh - rö grow, increase (intransitive verb)

tsu> fpNwd> tsu;e;Njd;> Ntd;

17.2 tsu;e;J th vuh - Larñ -- thö vaw grow up (intransitive) (double verb)

18. tis vuh - Leiy bend, cause to bend (transitive verb)

tisf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

18.1 tis vuh - Leiy bend; surround, encircle (intransitive verb)

tisa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 16 - Vocabulary - Dative Case16a - Speaking 16b - Asking


1. ciu oo - reiy word, utterance, speech

1.1 ciu oo - reiy speak, tell; explain; rub or grate into a powder

ciuf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.2 ciuahly; oo - reiy - yaw - Dal conversation

1.3 ciuahL oo - reiy - yaw - Dö speak, converse (takes the ,lk; suffix for dative)

ciuahl> fpNwd> ciuahbNdd;> Ntd;

1.4 Kd;Diu moon -- noo - reiy preface, introduction (noun)

2. vd; en say, tell (used for quotations) ; name, call

vd;d> vd;fpNwd;> vd;Nwd;> vd;Ngd;

3. fij kuh - theiy converse, chat, talk, speak

fijf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 fl;Lf;fij kuT -- Took -- kuh - theiy fable, fiction

3.2 fij kuh - theiy story, narrative

4. Fwp koo - Rea refer to, denote, designate; foretell (by astrology etc.)

Fwpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4.1 Fwpg;ghd koo - Reap -- paw - nuh specific

4.2 Fwpg;gpL koo - Reap -- pea - Dö mention, specify

Fwpg;gpl> fpNwd;> Fwpg;gpl;;Nld;> Ntd;

4.3 Fwpg;gpl;l koo - Reap -- peaT -- Tuh particular, certain

4.4 Fwpg;gpl;lj;jf;f koo - Reap -- peaT -- Tuth -- thuk -- kuh remarkable

4.5 Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;L koo - Reap -- peaT -- Took kawT -- Tö point to (double verb)

4.6 Fwpg;G koo - Reap -- pö comment, remark; observation; point

5. $W kooo - Rö cry aloud; proclaim, declare

$w> fpNwd;> $wpNdd;> Ntd;

6. nrhy; plural - nrhw;fs; sol word; saying

6.1 nrhy; nrhy;Y sol say, tell, state (“eadum” suffix preferable for dative)

nrhy;y> fpNwd;> nrhd;Ndd;> Ntd;past parrticiple - nrhy;yp

6.2 mOj;jpr; nrhy; nrhy;Y uh - Ļooth -- teach sol emphasize, stress (double verb)

6.3 Fwpg;ghfr; nrhy; nrhy;Y koo - Reap -- paw - huch sol imply (combo verb)

6.4 ngha;r; nrhy; nrhy;Y poyych -- sol lie (verb)

6.5 nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; sol -- lup -- pô - nawl in fact (lit. “if it is going to be said”)

6.6 nrhy;yNtz;Lkhdhy; sol -- luh - vœN -- duh - maw - nawl in fact (lit. “if it is must be said”)

6.7 nrhy;yhjjhf;F sol -- law - thuh - thawk -- kö nullify, annul (combo verb)

6.8 nrhy;ypf;nfhL nrhy;ypj; jh sol -- leak -- kô - Dö teach (especially one on one teaching) (double verb)

(a nom. object verb; takes the dative case for person taught)

7. J}J thooo - thö message; embassy; envoy; pebble

7.1 J}jd; thooo - than messenger; angel; emissary, ambassador

8. gjpy; puh - theal reply

8.1 gjpysp puh - thea - luh - Lea answer, give an answer ( “koo” suffix for “to”) (combo verb)

8.2 gjpy; $W puh - theal kooo - Rö answer, say in reply (combo verb)

8.3 gjpy; nfhL puh - theal kô - Dö reply (takes a “koo” suffix for “to”) (combo verb)

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 16a - Speaking (continued)

9 NgR pé - sö talk, converse, speak

Ngr> fpNwd;> NgrpNdd;> Ntd;;; (usually takes an “eadum” suffix for the dative case)

(may also be completed with “oodun”, as in “speak with someone”)

9.1 Ngr;R plural - Ngr;Rf;fs; péch - chö talk, discourse

9.2 Ngr;Rj;njhlu;G péch - chooth – tho - dar - bö communication

9.3 cuf;fg;NgR oo - ruk -- kup -- pé - sö speak loudly (usually takes the “eadum” suffix for dative case)

(combo verb)

10. thf;F vawk -- kö word; promise

10.1 thf;Ff;nfhL vawk -- kook -- ko - Dö promise, pledge (combo verb)

10.2 thf;Fj;jj;jk; vawk -- kooth -- thuth - thum promise

10.3 thf;FWjp msp vawk -- koo - Roo - thea uh - Lea promise (combo verb)

thf;FWjp mspf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10.4 thf;FWjp nfhL vawk -- koo - Roo - thea ko - Dö promise (combo verb)

11. tptup vih - va - rea describe, explain, relate

tptupf;;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

11.1 tptuzk; vih - va - ruh - Num definition, description, explanation

11.2 tptuk; vih - va - rum detail, circumstance

11.3 tptupg;G vih - va - reap -- pö description, explanation, relating in detail

Tamil Vocabulary 16b - Asking


1. Nfs; kœL listen, listen to, hear (something audible, accusative case)

Nfl;f> Nfl;fpNwd;> Nfl;Nld;> Nfl;Ngd; ask (“eadum” suffix for the dative case) ; ask for (accusative)

1.1 Nfl;lwp kéT -- Tuh - Rea find out (i.e. hear and know) (double verb)

Nfl;lwpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

1.2 Nfl;Lf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S kéT -- Took -- koL ask, question, request (double verb)

1.3 Nfl;L el kéT -- Too ñuh - Duh listen (double verb)

1.4 Nfl;gtu; kéT - puh - var listener

1.5 Nfs;tp kœL -- vea question

1.6 Nfs;tpg;gL kœL -- veap - puh - Dö hear (a report); learn ( by hearing) (combo verb)

2. Ntz;L vœN -- Dö want, desire, need

Ntz;l> fpNwd;> Ntz;bNdd;> Ntd;

August 14, 2014

Tamil Lesson # 17 - Vocabulary - Locative Suffix

17a - Residence 17a - Around the Kitchen 17b - Around the House


1. ,wq;F ih - Rung -- gö descend; disembark; encamp

,Wq;f> fpNwd;> ,wq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

2. Fb koo - Dea home, habitation; household

2.1 Fbkf;fs; koo - Dea - muk – kuL residents, inhabitants

2.2 FbapU koo - Dea - yea - rö reside, dwell, inhabit

FbapUf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3. rQ;rup sugn -- cha - rea sojourn, inhabit; frequent, associate with

rQ;rupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4. ghisak; ghsak; paw - Leiy - yum camp, encampment; country, district

4.1 ghisak; ,wq;F paw - Leiy - yum ih - Rung -- gö camp, encamp (combo verb)

ghisak; ,Wq;f> fpNwd;> ,wq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

5. Gfy;; poo - hal refuge, haven, asylum

5.1 Gfyplk; poo - ha - lea - dum refuge, haven, asylum

6. trp vuh - sea live, reside, dwell

trpf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 trpg;gplk; vuh - seap -- pea - Dum dwelling

6.2 trpg;Nghu; vuh - seap -- pôr dwellers, inhabitants

7. thrk; vaw - sum abode, dwelling place

7.1 thr];jyk; vaw - suss -- tha - lum abode, dwelling place, house

7.2 thrk; nra; vaw - sum sehyy dwell (combo verb)

thrk; nra;a> fpNwd;> Njd;> Ntd;

8. tho; thO vawĻ live, reside; prosper

tho> fpNwd> e;Njd;> Ntd;

8.1 tho;f;if tho;ehs; vawĻk – keiy life, lifetime

9. tpLjp vih - doo - thea hotel; lodging place

10. tpyhrk; vih - law - sum address (especially- superscription of a letter)

Tamil Vocabulary 17b - Around the Kitchen


1. mfg;ig uh - hup -- peiy ladle

2. mLg;G uh - Doop -- pö oven

3. mykhup a - luh - maw - rea cupboard

4. fj;jp kuth -- thea knife

5. fg; kup cup

6. fuz;b ka - ruN -- Dea spoon

7. fpsh]; kœ - Lawss (glass) glass (for drinking)

8. Nfhg;ig kôp -- peiy plate (for eating)

9. rl;b suT -- Tea pan

10. Nrh];ghd; sôss -- pawn saucepan

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 17b - Around the Kitchen (continued)

11. ghid paw - neiy pot, vessel

12. Kl;fuz;b mooT -- ka - ruN -- Dea fork

Tamil Vocabulary 17c - Around the House


1. mbj;jsk; uh - Death -- thuh - Lum basement

2. miw uh - Reiy room

3. cf;fpuhzk; ook -- kea - raw - Num pantry

4. cilg; ngl;b oo - Deiyp peT -- Tea wardrobe

5. cg;gupif oop -- pa - rea - heiy attic, upper storey

6. fjT kuh - thuh - vö door

7. fpzW kœ - Nuh - Rö well (noun)

8. $lk; kooo - Dum parlour, living room

9. $iu kooo - reiy roof (a sloping roof)

10. nfhl;lif koT -- Tuh - heiy shed

11. rikayiw Frpdp suh - meiy - ya - luh - Reiy kitchen

12. rPypq; see - leang ceiling

13. Rtu; soo - var wall

14. [d;dy; jan -- nal window

15. jho;thuk; thawĻ -- vaw - rum eaves

16. njhl;b thoT -- Tea reservoir, receptacle, trough, manger

16.1 Fg;igj; njhl;b koop -- peiyth thoT -- Tea garbage bin, dustbin

17. epiyf;fhy; ñih - leiyk – kawl doorpost, door frame

18. gliy puh - Duh - leiy gate

19. gbf;fl;L puh - Deak -- kuT -- Tö staircase

20. gLf;if miw puh - Dook -- keiy uh - Reiy bedroom

21. GFthapy; poo - hoo - vaw -yeal entrance

22. Ng];nkd;l; béss -- menT basement

23. khb maw - Dea terrace, storey

24. Kw;wk; mooT -- TRum yard, courtyard

25. Nky;tPL mél -- vee - Dö upstairs apartment

26. tz;bf; nfhl;lif vuN -- Deak koT -- Tuh - heiy garage

27. thry; vaw - sal gate, gateway, entrance

28. thapy; vaw -yeal entrance

29. tPL vee - Dö house

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 18 - Vocabulary18a - Possession 18b - Beauty 18c - Speed 18d - Again


1. cs; ooL be, exist

cNsd; or cs;Nsd; - I exist etc. (most forms of this verb are only used in poetry)

cz;L (3rd person singular, commonly used for all persons, singular & plural)

cs;sJ (3rd person singular, also used sometimes)

cs;sd (3rd person plural, also used sometimes)

cs;s (relative participle, meaning “existing”, “which exists”, “real”)

1.1 cz;Lgz;Z ooN -- Doo - puN -- Nö bring into existence, make (combo verb)

1.2 cs;s ooL – Luh possessing, having (with nominative case)

1.3 cs;sJ ooL – Luh - thö the truth, that which exists

1.4 cs;std; ooL – Luh - van one who possesses, a proprietor; a rich man

1.5 cs;@u; ooL -- Looor one’s own town; one’s own country; local

Tamil Vocabulary 18b - Beauty


1. myq;fhuk; a - lung -- gaw - rum ornament, decoration

1.1 myq;fup a - lung -- ga - rea adorn, decorate, embellish

myq;fupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. moF uh - Ļuh - hö beauty, comeliness, elegance

2.1 mofd; uh - Ļuh - han handsome man

2.2 mofhf;F uh - Ļuh - hawk -- kö cause to be beautiful, beautify, make pretty (combo verb)

2.3 mofhd uh - Ļuh - haw - nuh beautiful, handsome

2.4 mofp uh - Ļuh - hea beautiful woman

2.5 mofpa uh - Ļuh - hea - yuh beautiful, handsome

3. rpw sœ - Ruh be... elegant, beautiful, eminent, excellent

rpwf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 rpwe;j sœ - Ruñ -- thuh elegant, beautiful, eminent, excellent

3.2 rpwg;ghd sœ - Rup -- paw - nuh special, excellent, preeminent

3.3 rpwg;gp sœ - Rup -- pea adorn, beautify, magnify; make prominent

rpwg;gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.4 rpwg;gpj;Jf; fhl;L sœ - Rup -- peath – thook kawT – Tö illustrate, illustrate (show by example) (double verb)

3.5 rpwg;G sœ - Rup -- pö excellence, preeminence

4. tpfhuk; vih - haw - rum ugliness

4.1 tpfhukhd vih - haw - ruh - maw - nuh ugly

5. tbT tbtk; vuh - Dea - vö beauty

5.1 tbthd vuh - Dea - vaw - nuh beautiful

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 18c - Speed


1. mtruk; uh - vuh - sa - rum haste, hurry, urgency

1.1 mtru uh - vuh - sa - ruh urgent

2. cld; oo - Dan at once, immediately

2.1 cldbahf oo - Da - nuh - Dea - yaw - huh instantly, immediately, readily

2.2 cldbahd oo - Da - nuh - Dea - yaw - nuh instant, immediate

2.3 clNd oo - Da - né at once, immediately

3. rbjp suh - Dea - thea suddenness, abruptness, unexpectedness

3.1 rbjpahd suh - Dea - thea - yaw - nuh sudden, abrupt, unexpected

4. rPf;fpuk; seek -- kea - rum haste, speed; dispatch, expeditiousness

4.1 rPf;fpuj;jpy; seek -- kea - ruth -- theal soon, shortly, in a hurry

5. jpBnud jpBnud;W thea - Dee - reh - nuh suddenly, abruptly

6. Jupjk; thoo - rea - thum haste, speed, swiftness

6.1 Jupjkhd thoo - rea - thuh - maw - nuh quick, swift, fleeting

7. gbg;gbahf puh - Deap -- puh - dea - yaw - huh gradually

8. nkJ meh - thö softness, gentleness; slowness; dullness (of an edge)

8.1 nkJthf nkJtha; meh - thoo - vaw - huh slowly; gently

9. tpiu vih - reiy rush, hasten, hurry; be eager

tiua> fpNwd> e;Njd;> Ntd;

9.1 tpiutpy; vih - reiy - veal soon

9.2 tpiuT vih - reiy - vö swiftness, dispatch

10. Ntfk; vé - hum swiftness, velocity, speed

10.1 Ntfkhf vé - huh - maw - huh quickly, fast

Vocabulary 18d - Again


1. jpUg;G thih - roop -- pö turn, cause to turn (transitive verb)

jpUg;g> fpNwd> jpUg;gpNdd;> Ntd;

1.1 jpUk;gj; jpUk;g thih - room -- buth thih - room - buh over and over again

1.1 jpUk;gTk; thih - room -- buh - voom again

1.2 jpUg;gpf; nfhL thih - roop -- peak ko - Dö return, give back (double verb)

1.3 jpUk;gpg; Ngh thih - room -- beep pô return, go back (double verb)

1.4 jpUk;gp th thih - room -- bea vaw return, come back (double verb)

1.5 jpUk;G thih - room -- bö turn, turn back, return (intransitive verb)

jpUk;g> fpNwd> jpUk;gpNdd;> Ntd;

December 31, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 18d - Again

2. kW muh - Rö other, another, next beyond

2.1 kWgb nrhy; nrhy;Y muh - Roo - buh - Dea sol say again, repeat (combo verb)

2.2 kWgbAk; muh - Roo - buh - Dea- yoom again, once again

2.3 kWgbAkhf muh - Roo - buh - Dea- yoo - maw - huh again, once again

2.4 kWghu;it nra; muh - Roo - pawr - veiy sehyy review (combo verb)

kWghu;it nra;a> fpNwd;> Njd;> Ntd;

2.5 kWgpwg;G muh - Roo - pea - Rup -- pö rebirth, reincarnation

3. kPz;Lk; kPz;L mœN -- Doom further, again

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 19 - Vocabulary - imperative

19a - nra; verbs 19b - nfhs; verbs


1. mwpf;if uh - Reak -- keiy report, account

1.1 mwpf;if nra; uh - Reak -- keiy sehyy report, make a report (combo verb)

2. cjtp oo - thuh - vea aid, help, assistance

2.1 cjtp nra; oo - thuh - vea sehyy help, assist (its completing noun takes a “koo” suffix) (combo verb)

3. fz;ldk; fz;lid kuN -- Da - num refutation, rejection

3.1 fz;ldk; nra; kuN -- Da - num sehyy condemn (combo verb)

4. nfhiy ko - leiy murder, assassination

4.1 nfhiy nra; ko - leiy sehyy execute

4.2 jw;nfhiy thuT – ko - leiy suicide

5. rpghupR sih - baw - rea - sö recommendation

5.1 rpghupR nra; sih - baw - rea - soo sehyy recommend (combo verb)

6. Rj;jk; sooth – thum cleanliness

6.1 Rj;jk; nra; sooth -- thum sehyy clean, make clean (combo verb)

7. nra; sehyy do, make, achieve (a nominative object verb)

nra;a> fpNwd;> Njd;> Ntd;

7.1 nray; seh - yal deed, act, action

7.2 nrayw;w seh - ya - luT – TRuh inactive

7.3 nra;jp seyy -- thea news, message, communication, information; action, deed

7.4 nra;JnfhL seyy -- thoo - ko - dö do, make (for another) (double verb)

9. epj;jpiu ñith -- thea - reiy sleep, drowsiness

9.1 epj;jpiu nra; ñith -- thea - reiy sehyy sleep (combo verb)

10. gjpT puh - thea - vö registration; record

10.1 gjpT nra; puh - thea - vö sehyy register, record, put in writing (combo verb)

11. gazk; puh - yuh - Num journey (noun)

11.1 gazk; nra; puh - yuh - Num sehyy journey, travel (combo verb)

12. ghrhq;F paw - sawng -- gö pretense, dissimulation, hypocrisy

12.1 ghrhq;F nra; paw - sawng -- gö sehyy pretend (combo verb)

13. gpuahzk; pih - ruh - yaw - Num travel (noun)

13.1 gpuahzk; nra; pih - ruh - yaw - Num sehyy travel (combo verb)

14. gpuhj;jdk; gpuhj;jid pih - rawth -- tha - num prayer, supplication

14.2 gpuhj;jid nra; pih - rawth - tha - neiy sehyy pray, supplicate (combo verb)

15. khw;wPL mawT -- TRee -- Dö replacement

15.1 khw;wPL nra; mawT - TRee - Dö sehyy replace (combo verb)

July 27, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 19a - nra; verbs (continued)

16. Kaw;rp moo - yuT -- chea effort, exertion; diligence

16.1 Kaw;rp nra; moo - yuT -- chea sehyy try, make an attempt, strive (combo verb)

17 . Ntiy vé - leiy work, task

17.1 Ntiyf;fhud; vé - leiyk -- kaw - ran worker

17.2 Ntiy nra; vé - leiy sehyy work (combo verb)

17.3 Ntiyahd vé - leiy - yaw - nuh busy

17.4 NtiyAs;s vé - leiy - yooL -- Luh busy

Tamil Vocabulary 19b - nfhs; Verbs

- A verb that is a component part of many combo verbs is nfhs;.- On its own, the verb, nfhs;> means “take with the hand” or “receive with the hand”. However, this verb seldom stands

alone. It is almost always used in a combination with the past participle of another verb. It is the meaning of the other verb thatis dominant.

- The addition of the nfhs; suffix may add the thought of continuity, that the action described is not a one time thing, but is

taking place over time.- It may also add the thought that the agent for the action described is receiving the benefits of the action. Thus, it is often used

when there is a reflexive pronoun (himself, myself etc.) used in the sentence. This nfhs; suffix can be added to many, many

verbs, too many to list.

- In the vocabulary of this lesson are included several common verbs that are seldom seen without the nfhs; suffix:


1. nfhs; nfhs;S koL take or receive (with the hand); contain; have, comprise

nfhs;s> fpNwd> nfhz;Nld;> Ntd; (rarely stands on its own, used with past participle of other verbs)

1.1. vz;zpf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S eN – Neak -- koL imagine, conceive (double verb)

1.2. Vw;Wf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S œT -- TRook -- koL take, accept, lay hold of (double verb)

1.3 xj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S oth -- thook -- koL acknowledge, admit, accept (double verb)

1.4 fw;Wf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S kuT -- TRook -- koL learn (double verb)

1.5 fw;Wj;njupe;Jnfhs; ..nfhs;S kuT -- Trooth - theh - reañ -- thoo koL learn (double verb)

1.6 nfhz;L nry; koN -- Dö sel take away, take along (lit. “take and go”) (double verb)

1.7 nfhz;L Ngh koN -- Dö pô take away, take along (lit. “take and go”) (double verb)

1.8 nfhz;L th koN -- Dö vaw bring (double verb)

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 19b - nfhs; Verbs (continued)

- There are also some verbs that are commonly used, but which can also be used with a nfhs; suffix, with a somewhat modified

meaning. The nfhs; suffix is added to the past participle, with liaison usually, but not if there is a e;j combination in the past

participle. Here are some examples:

1. nfhs; nfhs;S koL take or receive (with the hand); contain; have, comprisenfhs;s> fpNwd> nfhz;Nld;> Ntd; (rarely stands on its own, used with past participle of other verbs)

1.1 fz;Lnfhs; ..nfhs;S kuN -- Doo -- koL find (double verb)

1.2 fye;Jnfhs; ..nfhs;S ka - luñ - thoo - koL participate, take part; attend (,y; suffix) (double verb)

1.3 Nfl;Lf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S kéT -- Took -- koL ask, question (double verb)

1.4 jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S thup -- peath -- thook -- koL escape (double verb)

1.5 njupe;Jnfhs; ..nfhs;S theh - reañ – thoo - koL choose, select; know, understand (double verb)

1.6 ele;Jnfhs; ..nfhs;S ñuh - Duñ -- thoo - koL treat, behave towards (double verb)

1.7 gq;nfLj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S pung -- geh - Dooth -- thook -- koL participate (double verb)

1.8 ghu;j;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S pawrth -- thook -- koL see to it that (with an infinitive) (double verb)

1.9 Gupe;Jnfhs; ..nfhs;S poo - reañ -- thoo - koL understand (double verb)

1.10 ngw;Wf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S pœT -- TRook -- koL receive, get, take what is given (double verb)

1.11 kd;dpj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S man -- neath -- thook -- koL excuse, pardon (double verb)

1.12 itj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S viith -- thook -- koL keep for oneself, suppose (double verb)

- The nfhs; suffix may also be combined with a noun to produce a combo verb. Here are some examples of these combination

verbs:

1. nfhs; nfhs;S koL take or receive (with the hand); contain; have, comprisenfhs;s> fpNwd> nfhz;Nld;> Ntd; (rarely stands on its own, used with past participle of other verbs)

1.1 mu;j;jq;nfhs; ..nfhs;S arth – thung -- goL mean, signify (combo verb)

1.2 md;Gnfhs; ..nfhs;S an -- boo - koL love, feel affection for (combo verb)

(“eal” suffix on its complement, or “ean” + Nky; )

1.3 xg;Gf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S op -- pook -- koL accept, recognize; agree (combo verb)

1.4 ftiynfhs; ..nfhs;S kuh - va - leiy - koL be anxious (combo verb)

1.5 iff;;nfhs; ..nfhs;S kiik -- koL keep (law), observe (day) practise (precepts) (combo verb)

1.6 [ak; nfhs; ..nfhs;S juh - yum koL gain victory, conquer (combo verb)

1.7 gq;Fnfhs; ..nfhs;S pung -- goo - koL share (combo verb)

1.8 gpupaq;nfhs; ..nfhs;S pih - rea - yung -- goL be pleased (combo verb)

1.9 Nkw;nfhs; ..nfhs;S mœt -- koL undertake; mount; surpass (combo verb)

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 20 - Vocabulary 20a - 1st List of Time Words


1. mjpfhiyapy; uh - thea - kaw - leiy - yeal early in the morning

2. me;jp xsp uñ -- thea o - Lea twilight

3. md;W ehsd;W an -- DRö that day, then

3.1 md;whlf an -- DRaw - duh - huh daily (adjective)

3.2 md;whlk; an -- DRaw - dum daily, from day to day

4. Mz;L awN – Dö year

5. ,uT ,uh ih - ruh - vö night

5.1 ,uhg;gfy; ih - rawp -- puh - hal night and day

6. ,iyAjpu; (fhyk;) ih - leiy - yoo - thear kaw - lum autumn

7. ,d;W in -- DRö today

7.1 ,d;iwf;F in -- DReiyk -- kö today

7.2 ,d;iwa in -- DReiy - yuh today’s (adjective)

8. ,sNtdpw; fhyk; œ - Luh - vé - neatT kaw - lum springtime

9. vd;W en – DRö what day? when?

9.1 vd;Wk; vd;Wkhf en – DRoom every day, always, forever

9.2 vd;nwd;Wk; vd;nwd;Wkhf en – DRen -- DRoom forever

9.3 vd;iwf;fhtJ en -- DReiyk -- kaw - vuh - thö ever

9.4 vd;iwf;Fk; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; en – DReiyk - koom forever

10. Vw;nfdNt œT -- keh - nuh - vé already, previously, beforehand

11. Xa;T ehs; ôyy -- vö ñawL holiday, rest day. sabbath

12. fhyk; kaw - lum season, time; tense (in grammar)

12.1 fhyg;Nghf;fpy; kaw - lup -- poak – keal in time

13. fhiy kaw - leiy morning

14. fpoik kœ - Ļuh - meiy day (of the week)

15. Fspu;fhyk; Fspu; fhyk; koo - Lear kaw - lum the cool season, winter

16. Nfhil (fhyk;) kô - Deiy kaw - lum summer

17. rjh suh - thaw continual, perpetual; always, forever

17.1 rjh fhyKk; suh - thaw kaw - luh - moom repeatedly, perpetually; always, forever

18. rhaq;fhyk; saw - yung -- gaw - lum early evening (just before sunset)

19. RUf;fk; soo - rook -- kum brevity; abbreviation, epitome

19.1 RUf;fkhd soo - rook -- kuh - maw - nuh brief, short, abbreviated

20. jw;fhyk; thuT -- kaw - lum present time, modern period

21. jhkjk; thaw - muh - thum lingering, delay

21.1 jhkjkhd thaw - muh - thuh - maw - nuh late

22. jpdk; thih - num day, day-time; daily

22.1 jpde;NjhWk; thih - nuñ -- thô - Room every day, daily

22.2 jpdKk; thih - nuh - moom daily

22.3 mDjpdKk; a - noo - thea - nuh - moom day by day, every day

23. Njjp jpfjp thé - thea date (of the month)

24. eLg;gfy; ñuh - Doop -- puh - hal midday, noon

25. es;spuT ñuL -- Lea - ruh - vö midnight

26. ehl;fhl;b ñawT-- kawT-- Tea calendarAugust 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 20 - Vocabulary 20a - Time words (continued)


27. ehs; ñawL day

27.1 ehis ñaw - Leiy tomorrow

27.2 ehisf;F ñaw - Leiyk – kö tomorrow

27.3 ehs;NjhWk; ñawL - thô - Room daily

28. epj;jpak; ñith -- thea - yum eternity (noun); constantly, perpetually (adverb)

28.1 epj;jpa ñith -- thea - yuh everlasting, eternal

29. epkp\k; epkplk; ñih - mea - shum minute

30. E}w;whz;L ñoooT -- TRawN -- Dö century

31. Neuk; ñé - rum time, while (period of time)

32. New;W ñœ -- TRö yesterday

33. gfy; puh - hal day (of 24 hours)

33.1 gfy; xsp puh - hal o - Lea daylight

33.2 gfw;fhyk; puh - huT -- kaw - lum daytime

33.3 gfw;nghOJ puh - huT -- po - Ļoo - thö daytime

34. gQ;rhq;fk; pugn -- jawng -- gum calendar

35. gpe;J piñ -- thö be late, linger, delay; go behindgpe;j> fpNwd;> gpe;jpNdd;> Ntd;

35.1 gpe;jptpl;l gpe;jpd piñ -- thea - veaT -- Tuh late

36. gpw;gfy; pœT -- puh - hal afternoon

37. nghOJ po - Ļoo - thö time; portion of time; opportunity

37.1 mg;nghOJ up -- po - Ļoo - thö at that time

37.2 ,g;nghOJ ,g;NghJ ip -- po - Ļoo - thö now

37.3 vg;nghOJ ep -- po - Ļoo - thö when?

37.4 vg;nghOJk; vg;NghJk; ep -- po - Ļoo - thoom always (when negated, it means “never”)

37.5 xUNghJk; NghJk; o - roo - pô - thoom never (there must also be an accompanying negation word)

37.6 jw;NghJ thuT -- pô - thö presently

37.7 nghOJ NghJ po - Ļoo - thö when, while (a conjunction, requires a relative participle)

37.8 nghOnjy;yhk; Nghnjy;yhk; po - Ļoo - thel -- lawm whenever (a conjunction, requires a relative participle)

38. kzp kdpNeuk; kdpj;jpahyk; muh - Nea hour

39. kj;jpahdk; kjpak; muth -- thea - yaw - num noon, midday

40. khjk;; maw - thum month

41. khup fhyk; maw - rea kaw - lum the rainy season

42. khiy maw - leiy evening

43. tre;j (fhyk;) vuh - suñ -- thuh kaw - lum spring

44. tUf;fhyk; tUq;fhyk; va - rook -- kaw - lum future (noun)

44.1 tUf;fhy tUq;fhy va - rook -- kaw - luh coming, future (adjective)

45. tU\k; tUlk; va - roo - shum year

45.1 tUlhe;ju va - roo - Dawñ – tha - ruh annual

46. thuk; vaw - rum week

47. tpbay; vih - Dea - yal daybreak, dawn

47.1 tpbaw;fhiy vih - Dea - yuT -- kaw - leiy daybreak, dawn

48. tpdhb vih - naw - Dea second (one 60th of a minute)

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 21 - Vocabulary21a - Animals 21b - Sea Creatures


1. mzpy; uh - Neal squirrel

2. ML aw - Dö sheep, goat, or like animal

2.1 Ml;Lf; Fl;b awT -- Took kooT -- Tea lamb

2.2. nrk;kwp ML nrk;kwpahL sem -- muh - Rea aw - Dö sheep

2.3 nts;shL vœL -- Law - Dö goat

3. Mik aw - meiy tortoise (land turtle)

4. vUJ eh - roo - thö bull

5. vyp eh - lea rat

6. xl;lfk; oT -- Tuh - hum camel

7. xl;ilr; (xl;lfr;) rptpq;fp oT -- Teiych chih - veang -- gea giraffe

8. Xeha; ô - ñawyy wolf

9. fub ka - ruh - Dea bear

10. fOij kuh - Ļoo - theiy donkey

11. fd;W kan -- DRö calf, colt (or the young of a camel, buffalo, deer etc.)

12. fhis kaw - Leiy steer, young bullock

13. Fjpiu koo - thea - reiy horse

14. Fuq;F koo - rung -- gö monkey

15. ru;g;gk; sarp -- pum snake, serpent

16. rpq;fk; sing -- gum lion

16.1 ghyrpq;fk; paw - luh - sing -- gum lion cub

17. rpWj;ijg; Gyp sœ - Rooth - theiyp poo - lea leopard, panther

18. eup ña - rea fox

19. eha; ñawyy dog

20. ePu; ahid ñeer yaw - neiy hippopotamus

21. gR plural - gRf;fs; puh - sö cow

22. gd;wp pan -- DRea pig

23. ghk;G pawm -- bö snake

24. gpuhzp pih - raw - Nea living creature (especially, an animal)

24.1 fhl;Lg;gpuhzp kawT – Toop – pea - raw - Nea wild animal

24.2 nry;yg;gpuhzp nry;ykpUfk; sel -- lup – pea - raw - Nea pet (animal)

24.3 tPl;Lg;gpuhzp veeT – Toop – pea - raw - Nea domestic animal

25. Gyp poo - lea tiger

26. G+id pooo - neiy cat

27. kdpjf; Fuq;F ma - nea - thuk koo - rung -- gö gorilla

28. khL maw - Dö cow, bull (male or female cattle)

29. khd; mawn deer

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 21a - Vocabulary - Animals


30. kpUfk; mih - roo - hum animal

31. Kl;gd;wp Ks;sk;gd;wp mooT -- pan -- DRea porcupine

32. Kjiy moo - tha - leiy crocodile

33. Kay; moo - yal rabbit, hare

34. ahid yaw - neiy elephant

35. tupf;Fjpiu va - reak -- koo - thea - reiy zebra

36. thypy;yhf; Fuq;F vaw - leal -- lawk koo - rung -- gö ape

37. tpyq;F vih - lung -- gö animal, beast; fetters

38. ntsthy; vou - vawl bat (i.e. the flying creature)

Vocabulary 21b - Sea Creatures

1. ,why; ih - Rawl shrimp, prawn

2. fly; Mik kuh - Dal aw - meiy sea turtle

3. fly; [Ptp kuh - Dal jee - vea sea creature

4. fly; ez;L kuh - Dal ñuN – Dö lobster

5. fztha; kuh - Nuh - vawyy cuttle fish

6. rpg;gp sip -- pea shell-fish, oyster

7. RwhkPd; soo - Raw - meen shark

8. lhy;/gpd; Dawl - fean dolphin

9. jpkpq;fpyk; jpkpq;fyk; thih - meang -- gea - lum whale

10. ez;L ñuN – Dö crab

11. kr;rk; much -- chum fish

12. kPd; meen fish

October 20, 2008


22a - Feelings 22b - Feeling Good 22c - Feeling Bad 22d - Upset Feelings


1. mDjhgk; a - noo - thaw - bum sympathy

1.1 mDjhgkhd a - noo - thaw - buh - maw - nuh sympathetic

1.2 mDjhgkpf;f a - noo - thaw - buh - meak -- kuh sympathetic

1.3 mDjhgKs;s a - noo - thaw - buh - mooL -- Luh sympathetic

2. mDgtk; a - noo - buh - vum experience

2.1 mDgtp a - noo - buh - vea experience; feel; undergo; enjoy

mDgtpf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

3. Mj;kh Mj;Jkh awth -- maw soul, sentient being; life

4. czu; czU oo - Nar feel, discern

czu> fpNwd;> czu;e;Njd;> Ntd;

4.1 czu;r;rp oo - Narch - chea feeling, perception, consciousness; emotion

4.2 czu;T oo - Nar - vö feeling, perception, consciousness

4.3 czu;Ts;s oo - Nar - vooL – Luh sensitive

4.4 gFj;Jzu;T puh - hooth – thoo - Nar - vö discernment

5. cW oo - Rö exist; feel, experience; happen, befall

cw> fpNwd;> cw;Nwd;;> Ntd; (often appended to other verbs)

6. Gyd; Gyk; poo - lan sense (e.g. 5 senses); sensation, perception

Tamil Vocabulary 22b - Feeling Good


1. Mde;jk; aw - nuñ - thum joy, delight, happiness

1.1 Mde;jp aw - nuñ - thea be glad, rejoice

Mde;jpf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

2. ,d;gk; in -- bum pleasure, delight

2.1 ,d;ge;jUk; in -- buñ -- tha - room enjoyable

2.2 ,d;gkhd in -- buh - maw - nuh happy

3. cy;yhrk; ool – law - sum pleasure, joy; gaiety, merriment

4. fsp kuh - Lea joy, gladness, delight

4.1 fsp kuh - Lea exult, rejoice, be joyful

rpupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

4.2 fsp$u; fsp$U kuh - Lea - hoor rejoice, exult

5. re;Njh\k; suñ – thô - shum happiness, pleasure

5.1 re;Njh\g;gL suñ -- thô - shup -- puh -Dö be pleased, be happy, be delighted (combo verb)

5.2 re;Njh\khd re;Njh\ suñ -- thô -shuh - maw- nuh happy, joyous

5.3 re;Njh\Ks;s suñ -- thô -shuh - mooL -- Luh happy, joyous

6. rpup sih - rea laugh

rpupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

6.1 rpupg;G sih - reap – pö laughter, laugh

January 20, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 22b - Feeling Good (continued)

5. jpUg;jp thih - roop -- thea satisfaction

5.1 jpUg;jpfukhd thih - roop -- thea - ha - ruh - maw - nuh satisfactory, satisfying

5.2 jpUg;jpahF thih - roop -- thea - yaw - kö be satisfied (combo verb)

5.3 jpUg;jpahf;F thih - roop -- thea - yawk -- kö satisfy (combo verb)

5.4 jpUg;jpAs;s jpUg;jpahd thih - roop -- thea - yooL – Luh satisfied (use “eal” suffix for “with”); satisfying

6. kfpo; kfpO muh - heaĻ rejoice, delight, exult

kfpo> fpNwd;> kfpo;e;Njd;> Ntd;

6.1 mDgtpj;J kfpo; a - noo - buh - veath - thö muh - heaĻ enjoy (double verb)

6.2 kfpo;r;rp muh - heaĻch -- chea joy, delight, great pleasure, enjoyment

6.3 kfpo;r;rp mil muh - heaĻch -- chea uh - Deiy find pleasure (enjoy), be pleased (combo verb)

6.4 kfpo;r;rpahd kfpo;r;rpAs;s muh - heaĻch -- chea - yaw - nuh joyful, happy

6.5 kfpo;tp muh - heaĻ -- vea delight, rejoice, make happy

kfpo;tpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

December 17, 2006

Tamil Vocabulary 22c - Feeling Bad


1. myW a - luh - Rö cry out (in grief or pain)

myw> fpNwd;> mywpNdd;> Ntd;

1.1 myWjy; a - luh - Roo - thal outcry (from grief or pain)

2. mO uh - Ļö weep, cry

mo> fpNwd;> Njd;> Ntd;;;

3. Vq;F éng -- gö weep, cry; feel regret; long for, yearn (“koo”suffix)

Vq;f> fpNwd;> Vq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

4. fz;zPu; kuN -- Neer tear

5. Jf;fk; thook -- kum sorrow, affliction, grief, sadness

5.1 Jf;ffukhd thook -- kuh - ha - ruh - maw - nuh sad, sorrowful

6. Jauk; thoo - ya - rum sorrow, grief, sadness, trouble

7. gPb pee - dea afflict (give pain to)

gPbf;f> f;fpwJ> gPbj;jJ> gPbf;Fk;

8. Gyk;G poo - lum -- bö lament

Gyk;g> fpNwd> Gyk;gp;Njd;> Ntd;

9. tprdk; vih - sa - num sorrow

9.1 tprdfukhd vih - sa - nuh - ha - ruh - maw - nuh sad, sorrowful

9.2 tprdfukha; vih - sa - nuh - ha - ruh - mawyy sadly, unfortunately

9.3 tprdg;gL vih - sa - nup -- puh -Dö feel sorry, be sorry (combo verb)

10. ntl;fk; veT -- kum shame; bashfulness

10.1 ntl;ff;NfL veT -- kuk -- ké- Dö shamelessness

10.2 ntl;fKs;s veT -- kuh - mooL – Luh ashamed; bashful

11. Ntjid thjid vé - tha - neiy pain, distress

Tamil Vocabulary 22d - Upset Feelings


1. Nfhgk; kô - bum anger

1.1 Nfhgkil kô - buh - muh - Deiy get angry, become angry (combo verb)

1.2 Nfhgkhd kô - buh - maw - nuh angry

1.3 NfhgKs;s kô - buh - mooL -- Luh angry

1.4 Nfhg%s; kô - buh - moooL be hot with anger, be enraged

Nfhg%s> fpNwd;> Nfhg%z;Nld;> Ntd;

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 23 - From

23a - Teaching & Learning 23b - Arts & Education 23c - Literature


1. Mrpupau; aw - sea - rea - yar teacher, schoolmaster; author

1.1 Nguhrpupau; pé - raw - sea - rea - yar professor

2. cgNjrk; oo - buh - thé - sum spiritual teaching, doctrine

3. cghj;jpahau; oo - bawth - thea - yaw - yar teacher, schoolmaster

3.1 cghj;jpahapdp cghj;jpdp oo - bawth - thea - yaw - yea - nea teacher, schoolmaster (female)

4. fy; kal learn, study

fw;f> fw;fpNwd> fw;Nwd;> fw;Ngd;

4.1 fy;tp kal - vea education, learning, study

4.2 fy;tpkhd; kal - vea - mawn scholar

4.3 fw;gid kuT - pa - neiy learning; command, commandment; imagination; fancy

4.4 fw;gid nra;J ghu; kuT - pa - neiy sehyy – thoo pawr imagine, picture, fancy (double verb)

4.5 fw;gp kuT - pea instruct, teach (takes dative suffix, ‘koo’); make, create

fw;gpf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4.6 fw;gpj;jy; kuT -- peath -- thal teaching, instructing

4.7 fw;wwp kuT - TRuh - Rea learn (combo verb)

fw;wwpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

4.8 fw;Wf;nfhL kuT -- TRook -- ko - Dö teach (double verb)

4.9 fw;Wf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S kuT -- TRook -- koL learn (double verb)

4.10 fw;Wj;njupe;Jnfhs; ..nfhs;S kuT -- Trooth - theh - reañ -- thoo koL learn (double verb)

5. RUf;F soo - rook -- kö reduce, shrink; abridge; epitomize; summarize

RUf;f> fpNwd> RUf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

5.1 RUf;fk; soo - rook - kum abridgement, abbreviation; summary; brevity; contraction

5.2 RUf;fp vOJ soo - rook -- keak eh - Ļoo - thö summarize (in writing) (double verb)

5.3 RUf;fpf; $W soo - rook -- keak kooo - Rö summarize (in speaking) (double verb)

5.4 RUf;fpr; nrhy; soo - rook -- keach chol epitomize, say in a few words (double verb)

6. nrhy;ypf;nfhL nrhy;ypj; jh sol -- leak -- ko - Dö teach (especially one on one teaching) (double verb)

(a nom. object verb; takes the dative case for the person taught)

7. NjW thé - Rö be (become) proficient, accomplished, mature

Njw> fpNwd> NjwpNdd;> Ntd;

7.1 Njwpdtd; thé - Rea - nuh - van man of experience, a man well versed

8. epGzd; ñih - boo - Nan learned man, expert

9. ep&gp ñih - rooo - bea prove, demonstrate

ep&gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9.1 ep&gzk; ñih - rooo - buh - Num proof, demonstration

9.2 ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;L ñih - rooo - beath -- thook kawT -- Tö prove (double verb)

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 23a - Teaching & Learning (continued)

10. gb puh - Dea study, learn; read (a nominative object verb)

gbf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10.1 gbg;gp puh - Deap -- pea teach,, instruct, educate

gbg;gpf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; (dative case with “koo” for the ones taught)

10.2 gbg;G puh - Deap -- pö study

11. gl;ld; puT -- Tan learned man, bard, poet

11.1 gl;ljhup puT -- Tuh - thaw - rea graduate (person holding a degree)

12. gjp puh - thea impress, imprint, engrave

gjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

12.1 gjpait puh - thea - yuh - veiy inculcate

gjpaitf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

13. Nghjp pô - thea teach, instruct

Nghjpf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

13.1 Nghjfu; pô - thuh - har teacher

13.2 Nghjid pô - thuh - neiy teaching, instruction, advice

14. khzhf;fd; maw - Nawk -- kan pupil

15. thj;jpahu;; vawth - thea - yawr teacher

Tamil Vocabulary 23b - Arts & Education


1. ,yf;fpak; ih - luk -- kea - yum literature

2. Xtpak; ô - vea - yum picture, painting, portrait; statue

3. rupij sa - rea - theiy biography, history

3.1 rupj;jpu sa - reath -- thea - ruh historical, biographical

3.2 rupj;jpuk; sa - reath -- thea - rum history, story, biography

4. rpw;gk; siT - pum sculpture

5. nrJf;F seh - thook -- kö carve, chisel, hew

nrJf;f> fpNwd;> nrJf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

6. eb ñuh - Dea dance, act (on the stage)

ebf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;;Ngd;

6.1 eldkhL ñuh - Da - nuh - maw - Dö dance (combo verb)

6.2 eldk; ñuh - Da - num dancing

7. ehlfk; ñaw - Duh - hum drama, play

7.1 ehl;bak; ñawT -- Tea - yum dance, acting, dramatic arts

8. Nkil mé - Deiy stage, platform

June 22, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 23c - Literature


1. mr;rb uch -- chuh - Dea printmr;rbf;;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 mr;rplg;gL uch -- chee - Dup -- puh - Dö print (combo verb)

1.2 mr;R uch -- chö stamp, print, impression

2. fij kuh - theiy story, tale, anecdote

2.1 fijghj;jpuk; kuh - theiy - pawth -- thea - rum character in a story

3. ftp kuh - vea poet

3.1 ftpQu; kuh - vea - gnar poet

3.2 ftpQupd; fiy kuh - vea - gnuh - rean ka - leiy poetry (i.e. the art of a poet)

3.3 ftpij kuh - vea - theiy poem

3.4 fhtpak; kaw - vea - yum epic poem; poetry (i.e. poems)

4. rpw;NwL siT -- Tré - Dö brochure

5. RUs; soo - rooL scroll

6. #oikT sooo - Ļuh - meiy - vö context

7. nra;jpj;jhs; epA+];Ngg;gu; sehyy -- theath -- thawL newspaper

8. nrhy;yu;j;jkhd sol - larth – thuh - maw - nuh literal

9. efy; nuh - hal copy, transcription, reproduction

9.1 efnyL nuh - huh - leh - Dö copy, transcribe (combo verb)

10. E}y; nhoool thread, yarn, plumb line; treatise, book; science

10.1 E}yhrpupau; nhooo - law - sea - rea - yar author

11. gpuRuk; pih - ruh - soo - rum publication, notification

12. gpujp pih - ruh - thea copy, transcript, duplicate, substitute, deputy

12.1 Jz;Lg;gpujp thooN – Doop - pea - ruh - thea tract

12.2 gpujp vOJ pih - ruh - thea œ - Ļoo - thö copy, transcribe (combo verb)

13. tpz;zg;gk; vœN -- Nup -- pum application, written request

13.1 tpz;zg;gp vœN -- Nup -- pea apply in writing, petition, supplicate

14. ntspaPL vœ - Lea - yee - Dö publication, edition

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 24 - And24a - Each, Every, All 24b - Amounts


1. me;je;j uñ -- thuñ -- thuh each (distributively)

2. mtutUila uh - va - ra - va -roo - Deiy - yuh their (when the subject referred back to is “everyone”)

3. vy;yh el - law all, whole, entire (requires an “oom” suffix)

3.1 vy;yhk; el -- lawm all (pronoun), all things, everything

3.2 vy;yhUk; vy;NyhUk; el -- law - room all (pronoun), all persons, everyone

4. xt;nthU ov - vo - rö each, every (no liaison) (requires an “oom” suffix)

4.1 xt;nthUtUk; ov -- vo - roo - va - room each one, every one (referring to persons)

4.2 xt;nthd;Wk; ov -- von - DRoom each one, every one (referring to things); everything

5. rfy suh - ha - luh all, entire (no liaison) (requires an “oom” suffix)

5.1 rfyk; suh - ha - lum the whole, all (a noun)

6. ru;t sar - vuh all, entire (no liaison) (requires an “oom” suffix)

6.1 ru;tk; rUtk; sar - vum the whole, all, universality

6.2 ru;tNyhfk; rUtNyhfk; sar -- va - lô - hum universe, all worlds

6.3 ru;tty;yikAs;s sar - vuh - val - luh - meiy - yooL -- Luh almighty, all-powerful

7. KO moo - Ļö whole, complete (liaison required) (requires an “oom” suffix)

7.1 KOF moo - Ļoo - hö bathe (oneself)

KOf> fpNwd;> KOfpNdd;> Ntd;

7.2 KOf;f moo - Ļook -- kuh completely, entirely

7.3 KOf;fhl;L moo - Ļook -- kawT -- Tö baptize, bathe (another) (combo verb)

7.4 KOf;fhl;Ljy; moo - Ļook -- kawT -- Too - thal baptism

7.5 KOik moo - Ļoo - meiy completeness, perfection, thoroughness

7.6 KOikahf moo - Ļoo - meiy - yaw - huh completely, fully

7.7 KOikahd moo - Ļoo - meiy - yaw - nuh complete, full

7.8 KOtjpYk; KOtJk; moo - Ļoo - vuh - thea - loom throughout; in its entirety (postposition,- nom. case for its noun)

7.9 KOtJk; KOtJkhf moo - Ļoo - vuh - thoom entirely (adverb)

7.10 %o;F moooĻ - hö submerge; be submerged; bathe; sink

%o;f> f;fpNwd;> %o;fpNdd;;> Ntd;

8. Kw;W mooT - TRrö be completed; ripen, become mature;

Kw;w> fpNwd;> Kw;wpNdd;> Ntd; become solid; blockade

8.1 Kw;wpYk; Kw;wpYkhf mooT -- TRea - loom fully, entirely

Tamil Vocabulary 24b - Amounts


1. mjpfk; uh - thea - hum much, more, plenty, abundance

1.1 mjpf uh - thea - huh much; more; too much (requires liaison)

1.2 mjpfg;gbahd uh - thea - hup – puh - Dea - yaw - nuh additional, supplementary, extra, more

1.3 mjpfg;gLj;J uh - thea - hup – puh - Dooth -- thoo add to, enhance, promote; aggravate

1.4 mjpfkjpfkhf uh - thea - huh - muh - thea - huh - maw - huh more and more

December 28, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 24b - Amounts (continued)

1.5 mjpfkhf mjpfkha; uh - thea - huh - maw - huh much; more; greatly (adverb)

1.6 mjpfkhd uh - thea - huh - maw - nuh much; more; too much, too many

1.7 ,d;Dkjpf in – noo - muh - thea - huh more, still more

2. mj;jid uth -- thuh - neiy that much, that many; so much, so many

2.1 ,j;jid uth -- thuh - neiy this much, this many; so much, so many

2.2 vj;jid eth -- thuh - neiy how many?

3. mNef mNdf uh - ñé - huh many

4. msT uh - Luh - vö measure, bounds, magnitude, size, proportion

4.1 NgusT pé - ruh - Luh - vö a large measure, a great proportion

5. Vuhsk; é - raw - Lum plenty, abundance

5.1 Vuhskhd é - raw - Luh - maw - nuh plentiful, abundant, lots of

6. Vwf;Fiwa œ - Ruk -- koo - Reiy - yuh almost, nearly, approximately

7. fzk; kuh - Num particle, trifle; moment of time

7.1 fzNeuk; kuh - Nuh - ñé - rum instant of time, moment

8. rw;W suT -- TRö just, a little, somewhat (takes a liaison consonant)

9. rpy sih - luh a few, some, several (i.e. more than one)(adj. - no liaison)

9.1 rpyu; sih - lar a few people, some, several (i.e. more than one)(noun)

10. Rkhu; soo - mawr approximately

11. nrhw;gk; soT -- pum a little bit, a trifle

11.1 nrhw;g soT – puh a little, a trifle of (adjective)

12. jpus; thih - ruL much, abundant (adj.) ball, circle; cluster, multitude

13. epiwa ñœ - Reiy - yuh plentifully, a lot (an adverb)

14. gy pa - luh many (usually an adjective - no liaison; can be a noun for things)

14.1 gyu; pa - lar many people

15. G+up pooo - rea abundance

15.1 G+up pooo - rea rejoice, be cheerful, be satisfied; be robust, thrive

G+upf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; be full, be plump (as animals, fruits)

16. NghJ pô - thö be enough, be sufficient

Nghj> NghJfpwJ> Nghe;jJ> NghJk; (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case)

16.1 Nghjpa pô - thea - yuh enough, sufficient, adequate

16.2 NghJkhd pô - thoo - maw - nuh enough, sufficient, adequate

17. kl;lk; muT -- Tum measure; limit; evenness, flatness

17.1 mJkl;Lky;y uh - thoo - muT -- Too - mal -- luh not only that

17.2 kl;by; muT -- Teal about, approximately (postposition, with nominative case)

17.3 kl;Lf;FkPwpa kl;Lf;FkPwp muT -- Took -- koo mœ - Rea - yuh too much (adjective/adverb)

17.4 kl;Lg;gL muT -- Toop -- puh - Dö be measured, be limited (combo verb)

17.5 kl;Lky;yhky; muT -- Too - mal -- law - mal not only

17.6 kl;LkPwpa muT -- Too - mœ - Rea - yuh extreme

17.7 kl;Lk;; muT -- Toom as far as, until; only (postposition, with nominative case)

July 13, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 24b - Amounts (continued)

18. khj;jpuk; mawth -- thea - rum quantity, measure (noun); only, merely (adverb)

19. kpf mih - huh very, very much, abundantly (requires liaison)

19.1 kpfTk; mih - huh - voom very, very much, abundantly

19.2 kpF mih - hö increase; be superior; be left over; be arrogant

kpf> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;;

19.3 kpF mih - hö augment, cause to increase; surpass

kpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

19.4 kpFjpahf mih - hoo - thea - yaw - huh abundantly

19.5 kpFjpahd mih - hoo - thea - yaw - huh abundant

19.6 kpFe;j mih - hooñ -- thuh much; great

20. nuhk;g nuhk;gTk; rom -- buh very (liaison required)

21. tsk; vuh - Lum abundance, fullness; productivity; wealth

21.1 mt;tsT uv - vuh - Luh - vö that much, that many, so much

21.2 ,t;tsT iv - vuh - Luh - vö this much, this many, so many

21.3 vt;tstha; ev -- vuh - Luh - vawyy how much! (meaning “so much”)

21.4 vt;tsT ev -- vuh - Luh - vö how much? how...! how much...!

21.5 tsik vuh - Luh - meiy copiousness; prosperity, wealth

22. tuk;G va - rum -- bö limit, boundary, extent

23. ntF veh - hö much, many; very

24. ntWk; vœ - Room mere, bare (feet)

24.1 ntWkhd vœ - Roo - maw - nuh mere

24.2 ntWnkd ntWkNd vœ - Roo - me - nuh merely, simply, just

April 22, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 25 - Or25a - Or 25b - Human Body 25c - Human Person


1. my;yJ al -- luh - thö or, if not

Tamil Vocabulary 25b - Human Body


1. miu a - reiy waist, loins; half

2. ,Lg;G ih - Doop – pö hip, waist

3. ,uj;jk; ih - ruth -- thum blood

4. ,Ujak; ,jak; ih - roo - thuh - yum heart

5. ,iug;ig ih - reiyp -- peiy stomach

6. cly; clk;G oo - dal body (man or beast)

7. cjL oo - thuh - dö lip; brim

8. cs;sq;if ooL -- Lung - geiy palm of the hand

9. vYk;G eh - loom -- bö bone

10. fz; kuN eye

11. fghyk; kuh - baw - lum skull

12. fU ka - rö foetus, embryo; yoke

12.1 fUg;ig ka - roop -- peiy womb

12.2 fUtk; fu;g;gk; ka - roo - vum embryo; womb

13. fOj;J kuh - Ļooth -- thö neck

14. fd;dk; kan - num cheek; an instrument for breaking into houses

15. fhJ kaw - thö ear

16. fhy; kawl leg; quarter (one fourth)

17. fhy;tpuy; kawl - vea - ral toe

18. Fjp koo - thea heel (of foot, shoe)

19. Fuy; koo - ral voice

20. if kii hand; arm

20.1 ifKl;b kii - mooT – Tea fist; closed hand

21. iftpuy; kii - vea - ral finger

22. rhPuk; suh - ree - rum living human body, body

23. Rthrg;ig soo - vaw - sup -- peiy lung

24. nrtp seh - vea ear; hearing; audience

25. nrhz;L soN -- Dö lip; beak, bill

26. jir thuh - seiy flesh; muscle

27. jiy tha - leiy head

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 25b - Human Body (continued)

28. jhil thaw - deiy cheek

29. njhil tho - deiy thigh

30. Njhy; thôl skin

31. efk; ñuh - hum finger nail, toe nail

32. eh ehf;F ehT ñaw tongue

33. ehrp ñaw - sea nostril

34. ehb ñaw - dea chin; blood vessel

35. new;wp ñeT -- TRea forehead

36. gy; plural - gw;fs; pal tooth

37. ghjk; paw - thum foot

38. G[k; poo - jum arm

39. Gak; poo - yum shoulder

40. GUtk; poo - roo - vum eyebrow

41. kb muh - Dea lap, bosom

42. kapu; muh - year hair

43. khu;G mawr – boo chest

44. kPir mee - seiy mustache

45. Kfk; moo - hum face

46. Kb moo - Dea hair

47. KJF moo - thoo - hö back (of the body)

48. KJnfYk;G moo - thoo - heh - loom -- bö backbone, spine

49. Koq;fhy; moo - Ļung - gawl knee

49.1 Koq;fhw;gbapL moo - Ļung - gawT – puh - dea - yea - Dö kneel, kneel down (combo verb)

50. Koq;if moo - Ļung - geiy elbow

51. %f;F moook -- kö nose

52. %is mooo - Leiy brain

53. tapW va - yea - Rö abdomen, belly

54. tha; vawyy mouth

55. tpyh vih - law side (of the body)

55.1 tpyh vYk;G vih - law eh - loom -- bö rib

September 6, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 25c - Human Person


1. MSik aw - Loo - meiy personality

2. cs;sk; ooL -- Lum mind; heart

3. rpj;jk; sith -- thum will, volition, resolve; established truth

4. rpw;wpd;gk; siT -- TRean -- bum sensual pleasures

5. Rghtk; soo - baw - vum natural disposition, personality, character; genuineness

6. Rthrk; soo - vaw - sum breath, breathing

6.1 Rthrp soo - vaw - sea breathe, respire

Rthrpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7. eif ñuh - heiy smile; laughter; splendid article of jewelry

7.1 eifr;Rit ñuh - heiych -- choo - veiy humour

8. epk;kjp ñim -- muh - thea peace of mind

9. neQ;R ñegn -- jö mind, heart; thought, reason; will

10. Nehf;fk; ñôk -- kum purpose, intention, aim; look, view, gaze

10.1 cs;Nehf;fk; ooL - ñôk -- kum motive

11. ghYwT paw - loo - Ruh - vö sex (i.e. sexual relations)

11.1 ghypd paw - lea - nuh sexual

12. khdpl maw - nea - duh human

13. %r;R moooch - chö respiration, breath

April 6, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 26- Vocabulary - postpositions

26a - location and direction


1. mf uh - huh inner, interior (requires a liaison consonant)

1.1 mfk; uh - hum inside, interior; inner self (mind & heart)

2. mL uh - Dö approach, be near to (with the accusative case)

mLf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; belong (to); pertain (to); be fit (for) (with dative case)

2.1 mLj;j mLj;Js;s uh - Dooth -- thuh next, adjacent, following

2.2 mLj;jg;gbahf uh - Dooth -- thup -- puh - Dea - yaw - huh next (adverb) (“as the next step”)

2.3 mLj;jhw;Nghy; uh - Dooth -- thawT – pôl very near, right next to

3. mz;ik uN -- meiy nearness, vicinity

4. mg;ghy; up -- pawl beyond (postposition, takes a “koo” suffix for on its noun)

5. mUF uh - roo - hö nearness

5.1 mUfpy; uh - roo - heal near (postposition, its noun takes a “koo” suffix or an “ean” suffix)

6. mZF uh - Noo - hö draw near, approach

mZf> fpNwd;> mZfpNdd;> Ntd;

7. ,lk; ih - Dum place, location, site; room

8. ,ilapy; ,ilNa ih - Deiy - yeal between (postposition, takes a “koo” suffix on its noun)

9. cs; ooL the inside, the interior; be, exist


9.1 cs;Ns ooL -- Lœ inside, into (adverb, or a postposition with a “koo” or an “ean” suffix)

10. CNl ooo -- dé through (from one side to the other)

(postposition, takes an “ean” suffix)(usually joined to make one word)

10.1 Clhf ooo -- daw - huh through (postposition, nominative case)

11. Xuk; ô - rum edge, margin, border, side

11.1 Xuj;jpy; ô - ruth -- theal beside, on the edge of (postposition, with “koo” or “ean” suffix)

12. fl kuh - Duh jump, leap over; pass, pass through, traverse;

flf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd; pass by (time, clouds etc.)

12.1 fle;J kuh - Duñ -- thö across, through (postposition, takes the accusative case)

12.2 fle;J nry; kuh - Duñ -- thö sel pass, pass by (combo verb)

12.3 fle;j kuh - Duñ -- thuh last

13. fpl;L kiT -- Tö approach, be near, be attainable

fpl;l> fpNwd;> fpl;bNdd;> Ntd;

13.1 fpl;l kiT -- Tuh nearby, close by (adverb) (koo or ean suffix)

14. fpof;F kœ - Ļuk -- kö east

15. fPo; kœĻ place below (noun)

below (postposition, its noun takes a “koo” suffix or an “ean” suffix)

15.1 fPNo kœ - Ļé below, under (postposition, takes a “koo” suffix or an “ean” suffix)

15.2 fPo; kœĻ lower

16. nfhz;L koN -- Dö by (i.e. by means of ) (posposition with the accusative case)

17. re;epjp re;epjhdk; suñ -- ñea - thea nearness, proximity

July 13, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 26a (continued)

18. rkPgk; suh - mee - bum nearness, proximity, vicinity

18.1 rkPgj;jpa rkPg suh - mee - buth -- thea - yuh near, adjacent, recent (adjective)

18.2 rkPgj;jpy; suh - mee - buth -- theal recently

19. Rw;wp sooT -- Tree around (postposition, takes the accusative case)

19.1 Rw;wpYk; sooT -- Tree - loom around (postposition, takes the accusative case)

20. ];jyk; jyk; sstha - lum place, site; position, location; space, room

21. ];jhdk; jhdk; ssthaw - num place, position; situation, station; gift, donation

22. Jiw thoo - Reiy place, location; harbour; passage, thoroughfare

23. J}uk; thooo - rum distance

23.1 J}u thooo - ruh distant, far

23.2 J}uj;jpy; thooo - ruth -- theal far, distant, far away (postposition, takes “ea-lea-rooñthoo” suffix)

24. njd; then southern

24.1 njw;F thœT -- kö south

25. eL eLT ñuh - dö middle, centre; uprightness, equity

26. neUf;fk; ñeh - rook -- kum closeness; tightness; crowding

26.1 neUf;F ñeh - rook -- kö crowd or throng around; press, squeeze (transitive verb)

neUf;f> fpNwd;> neUf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

26.2 neUq;fpa neUf;fkhd ñeh - roong -- gea - yuh close, near

26.3 neUq;fp th ñeh - roong - gea vaw come close, approach (use with “eadum” suffix) (double verb)

26.4 neUq;F ñeh - roong -- gö approach, draw close, be close (intrans. verb, ‘eadum’ suffix)

neUq;f> fpNwd;> neUq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

27. Nehf;fp ñôk -- kea towards, in the direction of (postposition, accusative case)

28. gf;fk; puk -- kum side; page

28.1 gf;fj;jpy; puk -- kuth -- theal beside (postposition, its noun takes a “koo” suffix or an “ean” suffix)

28.2 gl;rk; puT -- chum side, party; kindness

28.3 gl;rghjk; puT -- chuh - paw - thum partiality

29. gpuNjrk; pea - ruh - thé - sum place, location; foreign country

30. gpd; pin back (as opposed to front)

30.1 gpd;tUk; pin - va - room subsequent, following (i.e. comes afterwards )

30.2 gpd;dhy; gpd;Nd pin -- nawl in back of, behind, after (postposition, “koo” or “ean” suffix)

30.3 gpd;du; pin – nar subsequently, afterwards

31. Gw poo - Ruh outer, exterior, back; foreign (requires a liaison consonant)

31.1 Gwk; poo - Rum outside, exterior; back, backside

31.2 Gwk;ghd poo - Rum outer, exterior; back

32. kj;jp muth -- thea middle, central point

32.1 kj;jpa muth -- thea - yuh middle (adjective)

32.2 kj;jpapy; muth -- thea - yeal amid, in the middle of, among (with genitive or dative case)

32.3 kj;jpapYk; muth -- thea - yea - loom despite, notwithstanding (postposition with an “ean” suffix)

33. kPJ kPJs;s mee - thö over, above; on, upon (postposition - nom. case or “ean” suffix)

34. Kd;; moon front

34.1 Kd;dhy; Kd;Nd moon -- nawl in front of, before (postposition, “koo” or “ean” suffix)

34.2 Kd;dpiy moon -- nea - leiy presence

July 13, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 26a (continued)

35. %yk; mooo - lum cause, means, instrumentality

35.1 %ykhf %yk; mooo - luh - maw - huh by means of (postposition, complement in the nom. or gen. case)

35.2 %ykha; mooo - luh - mawyy by means of, through (liaison) postposition, “ean” or “koo” suffix)

36. Nky; mél upper side, surface (noun)

36.1 NkNy mé - lé above (adverb)

36.2 Nky; NkNy mél up, upon, above (postpos., ‘koo’ or ‘ean’ suffix, nom. for pronouns)

36.3 Nky; Nkw; mél upper (adjective)

36.4 Nkw;fj;jpa Nkiy mœT -- kuth -- thea - yuh western

36.5 Nkw;F mœT -- kö west

36.6 Nkw;gug;G mœT -- pa - rup -- pö surface

37. ikak; mii - yum middle, centre

38. tlf;F vuh - Duk -- kö north

39. top vuh - Ļea way, path

39.1 topfhl;L vuh - Ļea - hawT -- Tool guide, show the way (combo verb)

39.2 topahf topaha;> topNa vuh - Ļea - yaw - huh through, along (from one end or side to the other)

(postpostion with the nominative or genitive case)

40. tiu va - reiy up to, til, until (postposition, complement in the nominative case)

40.1 ,Jtiu ih - thoo - va - reiy until now

41. thapyhf vaw - yea - law - huh through, by means of (postposition, takes nominative case)

42. tpl;L viT - Tö off, away from (postposition, takes the accusative case)

42.1 tpl;Lr; nry; viT - Tooch chel leave, abandon (double verb)

42.2 tpl;Lg; Ngh viT - Toop pô leave, depart from, go away from (double verb)

42.3 tpl;LtpL viT - Too - vea - Dö relinquish, resign, give up; let go; leave (double verb)

43. tpspk;G vih - Leam -- bö border, edge, brink

43.1 tpspk;gpy; vih - Leam -- beal beside, on the edge of (postposition with “koo” or “ean” suffix)

44. ntsp vœ - Lea outside, exterior; open space (field, sky etc.)

44.1 ntspNa vœ - Lea - yé outside (adverb)

44.2 ntspNa vœ - Lea - yé outside (postposition, with a “koo” or “ean” suffix on its noun)

44.3 ntspf;fhl;L vœ - Leak – kawT - Tö exhibit, manifest (combo verb)

July 13, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 27 - Vocabulary -

27a - Knowing and Understanding 27b - Intelligence & Wisdom 27c - Research


1. mu;j;jk; mUj;jk; arth -- thum meaning, import, significance

1.1 mu;j;jq;nfhs; ..nfhs;S arth – thung -- goL mean, signify (combo verb)

1.2 mu;j;jg;gLj;J arth -- thup -- puh - Dooth -- thö mean, signify (combo verb)

2. mwp uh - Rea know, understand, comprehend

mwpa> mwpfpNwd;> mwpe;Njd;> mwpNtd; (usually used with the perfect tenses)

2.1 mwpFwp uh - Rea - hoo - Rea mark, sign, indication

2.2 mwpf;if uh - Reak -- keiy report, account

2.3 mwpe;Jnfhs; nfhs;S uh - Reañ -- thoo - hoL know, understand, come to know (double verb)

(use with gw;wp )

2.4 mwpKfg;gLj;J uh - Rea - moo - hup – puh - dooth – thö introduce

2.5 mwpKfk; uh - Rea - moo - hum acquaintance (with persons usually, rather than things)

2.6 mwpKfkhF uh - Rea - moo - huh - maw - hö become acquainted (combo verb)

(use the “eadum” suffix for “with” )

2.7 mwpahik uh - Rea - yaw - meiy ignorance

2.8 mwptp uh - Rea - vea tell, inform, make known

mwptpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.9 mwptpj;jy; uh - Rea - veath -- thal notification

2.10 mwptpg;ghsd; uh - Rea - veap -- paw - Lan proclaimer, one who makes known

2.11 mwptpg;G uh - Rea - veap -- pö notice, announcement

2.12 mwpT uh - Rea - vö knowledge

2.13 mwpTiu uh - Rea - voo - reiy guideline, instruction

2.14 mwpTs;s uh - Rea - vooL -- Luh wise, learned, knowledgeable

2.15 mwpnthsp uh - Rea - vo - Lea enlightenment

2.16 Kd;dwptp moon -- nuh - Rea - vea predict, foretell (combo verb)

3. fpufp kih - ruh - hea grasp, embrace; apprehend, perceive, ascertain

fpufpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 fpufpj;Jf;nfhs; nfhs;S kih - ruh - heath - thook – koL grasp, comprehend, understand (double verb)

4. njup theh - rea know (be known)

njupa> njupfpwJ> njupe;jJ> njupAk; (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case)

4.1 njupe;Jnfhs; nfhs;S theh - reañ -- thoo - koL choose, select; know, understand (double verb)

4.2 njupe;njL theh - reañ -- theh - Dö choose, select (double verb)

4.3 njuptp theh - rea - vea tell, inform, explain, express (dative case persons informed)

njuptpf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;;

5. Gup poo - rea understand (be understood)

Gupa> GupfpwJ> Gupe;jJ> GupAk; (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case)

5.1 Gupe;Jnfhs; ..nfhs;S poo - reañ -- thoo - koL understand (double verb)

5.2 Gupe;Jnfhs;Sjy; poo - reañ -- thoo - koL – Loo - thal understanding

6. kiy ma - leiy be confused

kiyf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 kiyj;Jg; Ngh muh - lith -- thoop pô get confused (double verb)

6.2 kiyg;G muh - leiyp -- pö confusion (of mind)

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 27a - Knowing and Understanding (continued)

7. tpsf;F vœ - Luk -- kö lamp

7.1 tpsf;fk; vih - Luk -- kum elucidation, explanation, interpretation

7.2 tpsf;F vœ - Luk -- kö polish; illustrate; make clear; describe

tpsf;f> fpNwd> tpsf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

7.3 tpsq;F vœ - Lung -- gö understand (be understood, be clear, be known)

tpsq;f> fpwJ> tpsq;fpdJ> tpsq;Fk; (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case)

Tamil Vocabulary 27b - Intelligence & Wisdom


1. mgj;jk; uh - buth -- thum nonsense, absurdity, falsehood

1.2 mgj;jkhd uh - buth -- thuh - maw - nuh absurd

2. $u; $U kooor be sharp, be keen, be clever

$u> fpwJ> $u;e;jJ> $Uk;

2.1 $u;e;Jghu; kooorñ -- thoo - bawr look closely, look intently (double verb)

2.2 $u;ik kooor - meiy keenness, sharpness, acuteness

3. Qhdk; gnaw - num wisdom; intellect

3.1 Qhdkhd gnaw - nuh - maw - nuh wise

3.2 QhdKs;s gnaw - nuh - mooL -- Luh wise

4. Gj;jp pooth -- thea intellect, understanding, reason

4.1 Gj;jpf;$u;ik pooth -- theak -- kooor - meiy intelligence

4.2 Gj;jpf;$u;ikAs;s pooth -- theak -- kooor --- meiy - yooL -- Luh intelligent

4.3 Gj;jprhyp Gj;jpkhd; pooth -- thea - saw - lea skillful and wise man

4.4 Gj;jprhypahd pooth -- thea -- saw --- lea - yaw -- nuh intelligent

4.5 Gj;jpAs;s pooth -- thea - yuL -- Luh intelligent

5. Gyik poo - luh - meiy erudition, scholarly knowledge

6. Kl;lhs; mooT -- TawL dunce, simpleton

6.1 Kl;lhs;jdkhd mooT -- TawL - tha - nuh - maw - nuh foolish, stupid

6.2 Kl;lhs;jdk; mooT -- TawL - tha - num foolishness, stupidity

7. tpNtfk; vih - vé - hum intelligence, cleverness, discernment

7.1 tpNtfkhd vih - vé - huh - maw - nuh intelligent, wise

7.2 tpNtfKs;s vih - vé - huh - mooL -- Luh intelligent, wise

7.3 tpNtfp vih - vé - hea discern, discriminate, comprehend

tpNtfpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7.4 tpNtfp vih - vé - hea intelligent person, clever person

March 28, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 27c - Research


1. mj;jhl;rp uth -- thawT - chea proof, evidence; testimony

2. Ma;T awyy - vö investigation, study

3. Muha; aw - rawyy investigate, explore, examineMuha> fpNwd> e;Njd;> Ntd;

3.1 Muha;r;rp aw - rawyych - chea research, investigation

3.2 Muha;e;Jg; ghu; aw - rawyyñ -- thoop pawr examine, verify (double verb)

4. vL eh - Dö takevLf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

4.1 vLj;Jf; $W eh - dooth -- thook kooo - Rö quote, cite (double verb)

4.2 vLj;Jg; ghu; eh - dooth -- thoop pawr look up (in a book or dictionary) (double verb)

5. ehL ñaw - Dö seek, pursue; investigateehl> fpNwd;> ehbNdd;> Ntd;

6. Nkw;nfhs; mœT - koL quotation

6.1 Nkw;nfhshf nrhy; mœT - kô - Law - huh sol quote (in speaking) (combo verb)

6.2 Nkw;nfhs; vLj;njOJ mœT - koL eh - Dooth -- theh - Ļoo - thö quote (in writing) (combo verb)

6.3 Nkw;nfhs; fhl;L mœT - koL kawT – Tö quote (combo verb)

7. tprhup vih - saw - rea examine, investigate; inquire abouttprhupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7.1 tprhuiz vih - saw - ruh - Neiy trial, investigation

August 2, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 28- Vocabulary - can, could28a - Possibility & Power 28b - Qualities & Abilities


1. mNefkhf mNefkha; uh - ñé - huh - maw - huh probably, most probably, likely

2. Mw;wy; awT -- TRal power, strength; prowess, ability

2.1 Mw;wy;kpf;f awT -- TRal -- mik -- kuh powerful

3. cuk; oo - rum strength; force; hardness; firmness

3.1 cuf;fg;NgR oo - ruk -- kup -- pé - sö speak loudly (usually takes the “eadum” suffix for the dative case)

cuf;fg;Ngr> fpNwd;> NgrpNdd;> Ntd;;;

3.2 cuj;j oo - ruth -- thuh strong, violent, powerful, firm

3.3 cuT oo - ruh - vö strength; force; hardness; firmness

4. cWjp oo - Roo - thea firmness, solidity, stability; power, energy

4.1 cWjpahd oo - Roo - thea - yaw - nuh firm, solid, strong

4.2 cWjpg;gLj;J oo - Roo - theap – puh - dooth - thö confirm, establish, corroborate (combo verb)

4.3 cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs; oo - Roo - theap -- puh - dooth - theak – koL make sure (combo verb)

5. $l kooo - Duh also; even; together with; even more; more

5.1 $lk; kooo -- Dum parlour, living room

5.2 $lhj kooo -- Daw - thuh impossible

5.4 $b kooo -- Dea together (requires a liaison consonant)

5.5 $ba kooo -- Dea - yuh possible, able

5.6 $L kooo - Dö join, unite, gather (intransitive)

$l> fpNwd;> $bNdd;> Ntd;

$l> fpwJ> $bdJ> $Lk; can, be possible, be able (subject takes an instrumental suffix)

5.7 $Ljyhf kooo -- Doo - thuh - law - huh in addition

5.8 $Ljyhd kooo -- Doo - thuh - law - nuh additional

5.9 $l;lk; koooT -- Tum meeting, collection (of persons, animals, or things)

5.10 $l;lhsp koooT -- Taw - Lea associate, companion, partner, colleague

5.11 $l;bf; nfhz;L Ngh koooT -- Teak koN -- Doo pô take along, take along (with) (double verb)

5.12 $l;bf; nfhz;L th koooT -- Teak koN -- Doo vaw bring along, bring along (with) (double verb)

5.13 $l;L koooT -- Tö join, unite, combine; collect together, add (transitive)

$l;l> fpNwd;> $l;bNdd;> Ntd; (for “add to” use the suffix “ô-doo” on the complement noun)

5.14 $l;LwT koooT -- Too - Ruh - vö fellowship; friendship

5.15 $l;LwT nfhs; nfhs;S koooT -- Too - Ruh - vö kol associate (combo verb)

5.16 [df;$l;lk; ja -nuk -- koooT -- Tum crowd of people

6. rf;jp suk -- thea power, strength, energy

7. rhj;jpak; sawth -- thea -yum possibility

7.1 rhj;jpakhd sawth -- thea -yuh - maw - nuh possible

8. nry;thf;F sel -- vawk -- kö influence

8.1 nry;thf;F nrYj;J sel -- vawk -- kö seh - looth -- thö influence (combo verb)

nry;thf;F nrYj;j> fpNwd;> ..jp;Ndd;> Ntd;

8.2 nry;thf;Fkpf;f sel -- vawk -- koo - meak -- kuh influential

9. ];jpuk; jpuk; ssthea - rum firmness, stability, solidity

10. elf;ff;$ba ñuh - Duk -- kuk -- kooo -- Dea - yuh possible

10.1 elf;ff;$bahj ñuh - Duk -- kuk -- kooo -- Dea - yaw - thuh impossible

September 10, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 28a - Possibility & Power (continued)

11. gyk; ngyk;> ngyd; pa - lum strength, power

11.1 gy pa - luh be strong, become strong

gyf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd

11.2 gyg;gL pa - lup -- puh - Dö grow strong (combo verb)

11.3 gyg;gLj;J pa - lup -- puh - Dooth -- thö strengthen, make strong (combo verb)

11.4 gykw;w pa - luh - muT -- TRuh weak, feeble (liaison required)

11.5 gykhd pa - luh - maw - nuh strong, firm

11.6 gyKs;s pa - luh - mooL -- Luh strong, firm

11.7 gytPdkil pa - luh - vee - nuh - muh - Deiy weaken, undermine (combo verb)

11.8 gytPdkhd gytPdKs;s pa - luh - vee - nuh - maw - nuh weak

11.9 gytPdk; gyfPdk; pa - luh - vee - num weakness

12. Kb moo - dea be able, be possible, canKba> fpwJ> e;jJ> KbAk;

Kba> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> KbNtd; (trans.) tie with a knot, fasten; (intrans.) be finished

12.1 Kb moo - dea finish, conclude, accomplish (transitive verb)

Kbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;N;jd;> g;Ngd;

12.2 Kbtil moo - dea - vuh - deiy result, end in, turn outKbtila> fpNwd;> e;N;jd;> Ntd;

13. ty; ty;y val powerful

13.1 tY va -- lö strong, powerful (adjective); strength (noun)

13.2 tYik va -- loo - meiy strength, power, force

13.3 tYT+l;L va - loo - voooT -- Tö strengthen, infuse with strength

tYT+l;l> fpNwd;> ..l;bNdd;> Ntd;

13.4 ty;yik val -- luh - meiy power

13.5 ty;yiktha;e;j val -- luh - meiy - vawyyñ - thuh powerful

13.6 ty;Yeu; val -- loo - ñar able person, scholar

13.7 tw;G vuT -- pö firmness, strength

13.8 tw;GWj;J vuT -- poo - Rooth -- thö compel, force, insist; strengthen

tw;GWj;j> fpNwd;> tw;GWj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

14. typ va - lea strength, power, force; throbbing pain, spasm

14.1 typ typa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd; va - lea intransitive: be excited, be stimulated; transitive: force

14.2 typik va - lea - meiy strength, power, force; hardness

14.3 typikkpf;f va - lea - meiy - meek – kuh forceful, emphatic

February 11, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 28b - Qualities & Abilities


1. ,ay; ih - yal natural property or quality

1.1 ,ay;ghd ih - yal -- baw - nuh natural; inherent

1.2 ,ay;G ih - yal -- boo nature; character; attribute

1.3 ,aw;if ih - yuT -- keiy nature; natural quality; natural ability

1.4 ,aw;ifahd ih - yuT -- keiy - yaw - nuh natural (i.e. pertaining to nature)

2. Fzk; koo - Num quality, attribute; virtue, healthfulness; nature, disposition

3. juk; tha - rum excellence, fitness, quality; turn, time

3.1 juhjuk; tha - raw - tha - rum rank, distinction, qualities; standard

4. jd;ik than -- meiy nature, essence, property, characteristic

5. jpwik jpwd; thih - Ruh - meiy skill, ability

5.1 jpwikrhypahd thih - Ruh - meiy - saw - lea - yaw - nuh skillful

5.2 jpwikahd thih - Ruh - meiy - yaw - nuh skillful

5.3 jpwikAs;s thih - Ruh - meiy - yooL -- Luh skillful

6. gz;G puN -- bö quality, characteristic

6.1 gz;gpay;G puN -- bea - yal -- bö personality

7. ghd;ik pawn -- meiy quality, property; class, portion

June 17, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 29- Vocabulary - may, might / let, permit, allow29a - Permission 29b - Right and Wrong 29c - Law & Morality


1. mDkjp uh - noo - muh -- thea allow, permitmDkjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 mDkjp uh - noo - muh -- thea approval, permission, assent

2. ,lq;nfhL ih - Dung -- go - Dö give place, yield, allow, permit (combo verb)

3. ,lksp ih - Duh - muh - Lea allow, permit (grant a place) (takes a “koo” suffix) (combo verb)

,lkspf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4. cj;juT ooth -- tha - ruh - vö permission, authorization

Tamil Vocabulary 29b - Right & Wrong


1. fiw kuh - Reiy rust, spot, stain; blemish; fault, defect

1.1 fiwgbahd kuh - Reiy - puh - dea - yaw - nuh rusted, spotted, stained; blemished; defective

2. Fiw koo - Reiy deficiency, imperfection

2.1 Fiw koo - Reiy diminish, lessen; be wanting, lack, be deficient

Fiwa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

2.2 FiwghL koo - Reiy - paw - Dö deficiency, shortage, lack

2.3 FiwAs;s FiwTs;s koo - Reiy - yooL – Luh deficient, imperfect

2.4 Fiwthd koo - Reiy - vaw - nuh defective, imperfect

2.5 FiwT koo - Reiy - vö deficiency, imperfection; lack; poverty

2.5 FiwTgL koo - Reiy - vö lack, be deficient (with ‘eal’ suffix) (combo verb)

3. Fw;wk; kooT -- TRum fault, blemish, defect; crime

3.1 Fw;wr;nray; kooT -- TRuch - cheh - yal crime

3.2 Fw;wQ;rhl;L Fw;wk;rhl;L kooT -- TRugn -- jawT - Tö blame, accuse, impugn; ascribe to (combo verb) (with kPJ)

3.3 Fw;wg;gLj;J kooT -- TRup -- puh - Dooth – thö blame (combo verb)

3.4 Fw;wkw;w kooT -- TRuh - muT -- Truh blameless, innocent

3.5 Fw;wKs;s kooT -- TRuh - mooL -- Luh blameworthy, guilty

4. rup sa - rea slope; propriety, straightness, exactness

4.1 rup sa - rea right, right! all right!

4.2 rupg;ghu; sa - reap -- pawr check, verify (combo verb)

4.3 rupahd sa - rea - yaw - nuh right, correct, proper

4.4 rupT sa - rea - vö slope

5. rhl;L sawT -- Tö assign to, ascribe to; accuse, impugnrhl;l> fpNwd;> rhl;bNdd;> Ntd;

6. rPu;jpUj;J seer -- thea - rooth -- thö correct, rectify, reformrPu;jpUj;j> fpNwd;> jpNdd;> Ntd;

7. nrk;ik sem -- meiy straightness; exactness; uprightness

7.1 nrk;ikahd sem -- meiy - yaw - nuh upright

8. jg;G thup -- pö fault; error; misdeed; falsehood; escape, flight

8.1 jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S thup -- peath -- thook -- koL escape (double verb)

April 19, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 29b - Right & Wrong (continued)

8.2 jg;G thup -- pö miss, fail; deviate, go wrong; escape, get free, slip awayjg;g> fpNwd;> jg;gpNdd;> Ntd;;;

8.3 jg;ggpg;gpuhak; thup -- puh - beap -- pea - raw - yum prejudice

8.4 jg;ngz;zk; thup -- pœN -- Num prejudice

9. jtW thuh - vuh - Rö slip, false step, mistake, misdemeanour

9.1 jtwhky; thuh - vuh - raw - mal regularly

9.2 jtwhd thuh - vuh - raw - nuh wrong, incorrect, mistaken

9.3 jtwpg;Ngh thuh - vuh - reap -- pô err, transgress, miss (double verb)

9.4 jtW thuh - vuh - Rö slip, trip; miss, fail, err, strayjtw> fpNwd> jTwpNdd;> Ntd;

9.5 jtW nra; thuh - vuh - rö sehyy err, make a mistake (combo verb)

10. jpUj;jk; thih - rooth -- thum correction, amendment; precision

10.1 jpUj;jkhd thih - rooth – thuh - maw - nuh correct, accurate

10.2 jpUj;J thih - rooth – thö correct, amend, rectifyjpUj;j> fpNwd> jpUj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

11. epahak; ñih - yaw - yum justice, equity, fairness; morality; law; logic

11.1 epahae;jPu; ñih - yaw - yuñ – theer judge, decide a caseepahae;jPu;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd

11.2 epahakhd ñih - yaw - yuh - maw - nuh just, fair; reasonable, logical

12. ePjp ñee - thea justice, righteousness, morality

12.1 mePjp mePjk; uh - ñee - thea injustice

12.2 mePjpkhd; uh - ñee - thea - mawn unrighteous one

12.3 mePjpAs;s mePjpahd uh - ñee - thea - yooL -- Luh unrighteous

12.4 ePjpgjp ñee - thea - puh - thea judge

12.5 ePjpkd;wk; ñee - thea - man - DRum court, tribunal

13. gpio pœ - Ļeiy mistake, error, fault, crime

Tamil Vocabulary 29c - Law & Morality


1. flik kuh - Duh - meiy duty, obligation, responsibility

1.1 rlikAzur;rp kuh - Duh - meiy - yoo - Narch –chea sense of duty

1.2 rlikAzur;rpAs;s kuh - Duh - meiy - yoo - Narch –chea - yooL – Luh conscientious

2. fl;lis kuT -- Tuh - Leiy law, precept; order, command

3. rl;lk; suT -- Tum rule, order, law, regulation

3.1 rl;l suT -- Tuh legal

4. epakk; ñih - yuh - mum principle, moral precept

5. kPW mœ - Rö go beyond, infringe on; break, violate (a law)

kPw> fpNwd;> kPwpNdd;> Ntd;

6. gpukhzk; pih - ruh - maw - Num measure; criterion, law

April 19, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 30- Vocabulary

30a - Liking & Wanting 30b - Making 30c - Keeping, it words


1. Mir aw - seiy wish, desire

1.1 Mirg;gL aw - seiyp -- puh - Dö desire, long for (combo verb) (with a ‘koo’ suffix)

1.2 Nguhir pé - raw - seiy greed, avarice

2. Mty; aw - val longing, yearning, wish; craving; eagerness

2.1 Nguhty; pé - raw - val ambition

3. ,r;rp ich – chea desire, wish, crave, covet

,r;rpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

3.1 ,r;ir ich – cheiy wish, intense desire; covetousness, lust

4. Vq;F éng -- gö long for, yearn (use “koo” suffix); weep, wail; regret

Vq;f> fpNwd;> Vq;fpNdd;> Ntd;;

5. ehl;lk; ñawT -- Tum desire, aim

6. gpb pih - Dea hold; contain; catch, seize (transitive verb)

gpbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

6.1 jpwe;J gpb thih - Ruñ - thö pih - Dea hold open (double verb)

6.2 gpb pih - Dea like (be agreeable, be pleasing)

gpbf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> gpbf;Fk;; (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case)

6.3 gpbj;jkhd pih - Death -- thuh - maw - nuh favourite

7. gpupak; pih - rea - yum that which is desired; fondness, desire

7.1 gpupaq;nfhs; ...nfhs;S pih - rea - yung -- goL be pleased (for “be pleased with”, use the “eal” suffix)

7.2 gpupag;gL pih - rea - yup -- puh - Dö be pleased (for “be pleased with” use an “eal” suffix)

7.3 gpupag;gLj;J pih - rea - yup -- puh - Dooth – thö be pleasing, please (with accusative case) (combo verb)

7.4 gpupaky;yhj pih - rea - yuh - mal -- law - thuh displeasing

7.5 gpupakhd pih - rea - yuh - maw - nuh pleasing, affectionate

7.6 gpupaKs;s pih - rea - yuh - mooL -- Luh pleasing, affectionate; fond of

8. thQ;ir vawgn -- jeiy desire, longing

8.1 thQ;rp vawgn -- jee long for, wish

thQ;rpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9. tpUg;gk; tpUg;G vih - roop -- pum desire, liking

9.1 tpUg;gkpy;yhj vih - roop -- puh - meal -- law - thuh unpleasant

9.2 tpUk;G vih - room -- bö want, wish, desire, long for; like

tpUk;g> fpNwd;> tpUk;gpNdd;> Ntd;

June 19, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 30b - Making


1. mik uh - meiy create, produce; compose; accomplish;

mikf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; constitute, make up

2. Mf;F awk -- kö cause to be, create, make

Mf;f> fpNwd;> Mf;fpNdd; Ntd;;; (a component in many verbs)

3. ,aw;W ih - yuT -- TRö create, compose; perform, do

,aw;w> fpNwd;> ,aw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

4. cz;lh ooN -- Daw come to be, happen, occur; originate, be conceived

cz;lhf fpwJ> dJ (apw;W)> cz;lhFk;

4.1 cz;lhf;F ooN -- Dawk -- kö make, cause, produce, form (double verb)

4.2 cz;Lgz;Z ooN -- Doo - puN -- Nö bring into existence, make (double verb)

5. cUtk; oo - roo - vum shape, form; image, idol

5.1 cUthf;F oo - roo - vawk -- kö shape, form; produce; invent (combo verb)

6. cWj;J oo - Rooth -- thö cause to be, cause, originate; cause irritation

cWj;j> fpNwd;> cWj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

7. cw;gj;jp ooT -- puth-- thea production, manufacture; birth

7.1 cw;gj;jp nra; ooT – puth – thea sehyy produce, manufacture (combo verb)

8. vLj;Jf;fl;L eh-Dooth-thook-kuT-Too fabricate, invent (combo verb)

9. epiy ñih - leiy become established; be permanent, persevere

epiyf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> f;Fk;

9.1 epiyepy; ñih - leiy - ñil stand firm (combo verb)

9.2 epiyepWj;J ñih - leiy - ñœ - Rooth -- thö set up, establish; restore (combo verb)

10. gil puh - Deiy make, create, form

gilf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10.1 gilg;ghsu; puh - Deiyp -- paw - Lar creator

10.2 gilg;G puh - Deiyp -- pö creation

11. Gup poo - rea do, make; exercise

Gupa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

Tamil Vocabulary 30c - Keeping, it words


1. it vii put, place; keep; have

itf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

1.1 vOjp it eh - Ļoo - thea vî put in writing, write (transitive) (combo verb)

1.2 gLf;f it puh - Dook -- kuh vî put down, lay down (transitive) (combo verb)

1.3 itj;jpU viith -- thea - rö keep, retain; have

itj;jpUf;f> f;fpNwd> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.4 itj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S viith -- thook -- koL keep for oneself, suppose (double verb)

May 17, 2015


31a - kdk; words 31b - Kiw words, manner, way 31c - Foods


1. kdk; ma - num mind; desire; intention; memory

1.1 kd ma - nuh willing

1.2 kdf;fyf;fk; ma - nuk -- ka - luk -- kum worry, agitation, anxiety

1.3 kdrhl;rp kdr;rhl;rp ma - nuh -- sawT -- chea conscience

1.4 kdr;Nrhu;T ma - nuch -- chôr - vö discouragement

1.5 kd];jhgg;gL ma - nuss -- thaw - bup -- puh - Dö regret (combo verb)

1.6 kdJ ma - nuh - thö mind, will; intention, purpose

1.7 kdj;jsu;T ma - nuth -- thuh - Lar - vö discouragement

1.8 kdj;jho;ik ma - nuth -- thawĻ - meiy humility

1.9 kdj;jho;ikahd ma - nuth -- thawĻ -- meiy - yaw - nuh humble

1.10 kdj;jho;ikAs;s ma - nuth -- thawĻ -- meiy - yooL -- Luh humble

1.11 kdj;Njhw;wk; ma - nuth -- thôT -- TRum perspective

1.12 kdepiy ma - nuh - ñih - leiy attitude, state of mind

1.13 kde;jpUk;gpa ma - nuñ -- thea - room -- bea - yuh repentant (combo verb)

1.14 kde;jpUk;G ma - nuñ - thea - room - bö repent, be repentant

kde;jpUk;g> fpNwd> .gpNdd;> Ntd;

1.15 kde;jpUk;Gjy; ma - nuñ -- thea - room -- boo - thal repentance

1.16 kdg;ghlk; nra; ma - nup -- paw - Dum sehyy memorize (combo verb)

1.17 kdg;ghd;ik ma - nup -- pawn - meiy disposition, attitude, inclination

1.18 kdKs;s ma - nuh - mooL -- Luh willing

1.19 kdKwpT ma - nuh - moo -- Rea - vö despair, depression, discouragement

1.20 kdk; %o;fp ,U ma - num moooĻ-- hea ih - rö be engrossed, be busy, be preoccupied (combo verb)

1.21 kdtpUg;gKs;s ma - nuh - vea - roop – puh - mooL -- Luh willing

December 29, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 31b - Kiw words + manner, way


1. MW aw - Rö six; river; way, path, mode, manner

1.1 mt;thW uv -- vaw - Rö in that way

1.2 ,t;thW ,t;thwhf iv -- vaw - Rö in this way

2. gb puh - Dea manner; method; way

2.1 mg;gb up -- puh - Dea in that way

2.2 mg;gbAk; up -- puh - Dea - yoom still, even so

2.3 mg;gbnad;why; up -- puh - Dea - yen – drawl if so

2.4 ,g;gb ip -- puh - Dea thus, in this manner

3. gpufhuk; pih - ruh - haw - rum manner, way (noun); according to (postposition “ean” suffix)

as (a conjunction completed with a relative participle)

4. khu;f;fk; mawrk -- kum road, path, way; conduct, behaviour

5. Kiw moo - Reiy manner; method; procedure; morals; time (i.e. occasion)

6. tUkhW va - roo - maw - Rö manner, way

6.1 gpd;tUkhW pin -- va - roo - maw - Rö then, accordingly, afterwards in this way, as follows etc.

7. tpjk; vih - thum manner, way; sort, kind

7.1 mt;tpjk; uv -- vea - thum that way, in that manner, like that

7.2 ,t;tpjkhd iv -- vea - thuh - maw - nuh suchlike, like this

7.3 ,t;tpjk; iv -- vea - thum as, in this manner, like this

7.4 vt;tpjk; ev -- vea - thum how? (i.e. in what manner? in what way?)

7.5 vd;d tpjkhf en -- nuh vea - thuh - maw - huh how? (i.e. in what manner? in what way?)

7.6 tpjkhd vea - thuh - maw - nuh kinds of, sorts of (adjective)

Tamil Vocabulary 31c - Food


1. mg;gk; up -- pum cakes, bread, pastry

2. Mfhuk; aw - haw - rum sustenance, food

3. ,bag;gk; ih - Dea - yup -- pum noodle pancakes

4. ,iwr;rp ih - Reiych -- chea meat

5. ,dpg;Gg; gz;lq;fs; ih - neap – poop puN – dung - guL sweets (i.e. sweet things)

6. czT oo - Nuh - vö food

September 12, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 31c - Food


7. CWfha; ooo - Roo - kawyy pickle

8. vz;nza; eN -- Nehyy oil

9. vs; œL sesame

10. fLF kuh - Doo - hö mustard

11. fl;b kuT -- Tea hardened piece (of anything); sugar candy

12. fhb kaw - Dea vinegar

13. Fok;G koo - Ļum -- bö sauce, thick liquid; gruel; mixture; mud

14. nfhl;il koT -- Teiy nut

15. NfhJik kô - thoo - meiy wheat

15.2 thw;NfhJik vawT -- kô - thoo - meiy barley

16. rl;zp rl;dp suT -- Nea (chutney) sauce

17. rg;ghj;jp sup -- pawth -- thea chupatty (flat, thin cake of unleavened bread)

18. rhf;fpNyl;L rhf;Nyl; sawk -- kea - léT -- Tö chocolate

19. #g;G sooop -- pö soup

20. japu; thuh - year yoghurt

21. jhdpak; thaw - nea - yum grain

22. Njd; thén honey

23. nea; ñehyy melted butter, oil

24. gl;lu; puT -- Tar butter

25. gzpahuk; puh - Nea - yaw - rum sweet cakes

26. gyfhuk; pa - luh - haw - rum pasty, pie, cookie

27. ghzp paw - Nea syrup; style

28. ghz; pawN bread

29. ghark; paw - yuh - sum a Tamil dessert (made from rice boiled in milk)

30. ghw;fhl;b fP]; pawT -- kawT -- Tea cheese

31. gpl;L piT -- Tö rice flour with coconut

32. Ngh[dk; Nghrdk; pô - ja - num food

33. khkprk; khk;rk; maw - mea - sum flesh, meat

34. khT maw - vö flour

35. kpl;lha; kpl;lhap miT – Tawy candy, confectionery

36. Kl;il mooT -- Teiy egg

37. nuhl;b roT -- Tea roasted flat loaf

February 5, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 32- Vocabulary - about

32a - about 32b - Interest and Concern


1. Fwpj;J koo - Reath -- thö about, regarding, in reference to

(postposition, takes the accusative case)

1.1 Fwpj;jjpy; koo - Reath -- thuh - theal as for, as regards (postposition, nominative case)

2. rk;ge;jk; sum - buñ -- thum connection, relationship

2.1 rk;ge;jg;gL sum -- buñ -- thup - puh - dö concern, involve, be related, be connected

2.2 rk;ge;jkhf rk;ge;jg;gl;l sum -- buñ -- thuh - maw - huh concerning, relating to (postposition, nominative case)

3. gw;wp puT -- TRea about, referring to (postposition, accusative case)

3.1 gw;wpa puT -- Trea - yuh about, referring to (postposition, accusative case)

3.2 gw;wpanjd;d puT -- Trea - yuh - then – nuh what about? (postposition, accusative case)

Tamil Vocabulary 32b - Interest & Concern


1. mf;fiw uk -- kuh - Reiy concern, interest

1.1 mf;fiwnfhs; ..nfhs;S uk -- kuh - Reiy - koL be interested, become interested, get interested

be concerned (combo verb)

1.2 mf;fiwahd uk -- kuh - Reiy - yaw - nuh concerned, interested, caring

1.3 mf;fiwAs;s uk -- kuh - Reiy - yooL – Luh concerned, interested, caring

1.4 mf;fiwAila uk -- kuh - Reiy - yoo - deiy - yuh concerned, interested

1.5 mf;fiwA+l;lf;$ba uk -- kuh - Reiy - yooT -- Tuk -- kooo - Dea - yuh interesting

1.6 mf;fiwA+l;Lk; uk -- kuh - Reiy - yooT – Toom interesting

2. mrl;il uh - suT - Teiy inattention; indifference

2.1 mrl;ilahd uh - suT - Teiy - yaw - nuh inattentive; indifferent

3. mrpuj;ijAs;s uh - sea - ruth -- theiy - yooL -- Luh indifferent

4. mtjhdk; uh - vuh - thaw - num attention, care, carefulness

4.1 mtjhdkhd uh - vuh - thaw - nuh - maw - nuh careful

5. ftu; ftU kuh - var capture, seize, rob; captivate, attract

ftu> fpNwd;> ftu;e;Njd;> Ntd;

5.1 ftu;r;rp kuh - varch -- chea seizure; captivation, attraction

5.2 ftu;r;rpfukhd kuh - varch -- chea - ha - ruh - maw - nuh captivating, fascinating

5.3 ftu;r;rpaw;w kuh - varch -- chea - yuT – Truh plain, unattractive

6. ftiy kuh - va - leiy anxiety, distress, concern

6.1 ftiynfhs; kuh - vuh - leiy - koL be concerned, be anxious, be distressed

ftiynfhs;s> fpNwd;> ftiynfhz;Nld;> Ntd;

6.2 ftiyg;gL kuh - va - leiyp – puh - Dö worry, be anxious (combo verb)

6.3 ftiyapy;iy kuh - vuh - leiy - yeal - leiy no matter

6.4 ftiyaPdkhd kuh - va - leiy – yee - nuh - maw - nuh careless

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 32b - Interest & Concern (continued)

7. ftdp kuh - va - nea notice, observe; attend to

ftdpf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7.1 ftdkhf ftdkha; kuh - va - nuh - maw - huh carefully

7.2 ftdkhd kuh - va - nuh - maw - nuh careful, cautious, watchful

7.3 ftdk; kuh - va - num care, attention

7.4. ftdk; fhg;ghw;W kuh - va - num kawp -- pawT - TRö care for

ftdk; fhg;ghw;w> fpNwd;> wpNdd;> Ntd;

7.5 ftdk; nrYj;J kuh - va - num seh - looth -- thö pay attention (combo verb)

ftdk; nrYj;j> fpNwd;> nrYj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

7.6 ftdpj;J th kuh - va - neath -- thö vaw observe, watch (double verb)

7.7 ftdpg;G kuh - va - neap -- pö attention, care

8. fh kaw take care of, preserve, protect, guard; watch, be vigilant

fhf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8.1 fhj;jpU kawth -- thea - rö wait (use “kaw-huh” suffix for “for”)

fhj;jpUf;f> f;fpNwd; e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8.2 fhj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S kawth -- thook -- koL preserve, keep, maintain (double verb)

9. rhuk; saw - rum flavour, tastefulness; “interestingness”

9.1 rhukw;w saw - ruh - muT -- TRuh inspid, unsavoury; uninteresting, vapid (liaison)

10. guhkup pa - raw - ma - rea manage, take care of, foster, support

guhkupf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10.1 guhkupg;ghsu; pa - raw - ma - reap -- paw - Lar caretaker

11. Gwf;fzp poo - Ruk -- kuh - Nea neglect, disregard, slight, ignore

Gwf;fzpf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

12. NgZ pœ - Nö take care of, treat tenderly, nurture

Ngz> fpNwd;> NgzpNdd;> Ntd;

13. trpfup trPfup vuh - sea - ha - rea entice, fascinate, captivate

trpfupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

March 27, 2015


33a - Trying 33b - Use & Practice 33c - Habit, Custom 33d - if words


1. je;jpuk; thuñ -- thea - rum stratagem, trick

1.1 je;jpukhd thuñ -- thea - ruh - maw - nuh sly, tricky

2. ghLgL mUk;ghLgL paw - Doo - puh - Dö try hard, endeavour

ghLgl> fpNwd;> ghLgl;Nld;;> Ntd;

3. gpuahrk; pih - ruh - yaw - sum effort, exertion

3.1 gpuahrg;gL pih - ruh - yaw - sup -- Dö exert oneself, endeavour, try (combo verb)

4. KaY Kay; moo - ya - lö try, undertake; persevere

Kay> fpNwd;> Kad;Nwd;> Ntd;

4.1 fLKaw;rp nra; kuh - Doo - moo - yuT -- chea sehyy struggle (combo verb)

4.2 Kaw;rp moo - yuT -- chea effort, exertion; diligence

4.3 Kaw;rp nra; moo - yuT -- chea sehyy try, make an attempt, strive (combo verb)

4.4 Kad;W ghu; moo - yan -- DRö pawr try, test (double verb)

5. Nkw;nfhs; ..nfhs;S mœT -- koL mount; surpass; undertake (combo verb)

Tamil Vocabulary 33b - Use and Practice

1. cgNahfp oo - buh - yô - hea use

cgNahfpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 cgNahfKs;s oo - buh - yô - huh - mooL -- Luh useful

1.1 cgNahfk; oo - buh - yô - hum usefulness, suitableness; use, application

2. filg;gpb kuh - Deiyp -- pea - Dea clearly know; bear in mind, hold fast to; practise, apply

filg;gpbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3. jF thuh - hö be suitable, be fit, be worthy, be eligible

jf> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

3.1 jFjp thuh - hoo - thea suitability, fitness; qualification

3.2 jFjpahf;F thuh - hoo - thea - yawk – kö make suitable, make fit, equip (combo verb)

3.3 jFjpAs;s thuh - hoo - thea - yooL – Luh suitable, qualified, worthy

3.4 jFjpiag; ngW thuh - hoo - thea - yeiyp peh - Rö qualifyngw> fpNwd;> ngw;Nwd;> Ntd;

3.5 jf;f thuk -- kuh fit, proper, worthy (at times used as an infinitive suffix)

4. Nju;T thér - vö examination, experience, practice

5. eil ñuh - Deiy walk, gait, pace; style

5.1 eilKiwahd ñuh - Deiy - moo - Reiy - yaw - nuh practical

6. ga puh - yuh produce, yield, bring forth; generategaf;f> f;fpwJ> gae;jJ> gaf;Fk;

6.1 gad; puh - yan fruit of action, result, benefit, advantage

6.2 gaDs;s puh - ya - nooL – Luh useful

6.3 gad;gLj;J puh - yan -- buh - Dooth -- thö use, put to use (combo verb)

February 9, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 33b - Use and Practice (continued)

7. gapy; gapY puh - yeal practise, learn by practicegapy> fpNwd;> gapd;Nwd;> Ntd;

7.1 gapw;rp puh - yeaT- chea practice, training

7.2 gapw;rpahsu; puh - yeaT- chea - yaw - Lar trainer

7.3 gapw;W puh - yeaT- Trö train, instruct, repeat again and againgapw;w> fpNwd;> gwpw;wpd;Nwd;> Ntd;

8. goF puh - Ļuh - hö practise; become acquainted with, associate with

gof> fpNwd;> gofp;Ndd;> Ntd;

9. gpuNahfk; pih - ruh - yô - hum use, application; discharge (of a weapon)

9.1 gpuNahfp pih - ruh - yô - hea discharge, emit; use, apply

gpuNahfpf;f> f;fpNwd;;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9.2 gpuNahrdKs;s pih - ruh - yô - sa - nuh - muL -- Luh useful, beneficial, advantageous

9.3 gpuNah[dkhd pih - ruh - yô - ja - nuh - maw - nuh useful, beneficial, advantageous, helpful

10. nghUj;jk; po - rooth -- thum suitability, appropriateness

10.1 nghUj;jkhd po - rooth - thuh - maw - nuh suitable, appropriate, fitting, pertinent

10.2 nghUj;jpg; gpuNahfp po - rooth - theap pih - ruh - yô - hea apply (double verb - transitive)

10.3 nghUj;J po - rooth -- thö adjust, adapt, cause to agree

nghUj;j> fpNwd;> ..j;jpNdd;> Ntd;

10.4 nghUe;J po - rooñ -- -thö agree, harmonize, apply (intransitive verb)

nghUe;j> fpNwd;> ..e;jpNdd;> Ntd;

11. aju;j;jkhd yuh - tharth -- thuh - maw - nuh realistic

12. tPz; vœN vain, useless, unprofitable

12.1 tPzhf;F vœ - Nawk – kö waste, squander (combo verb)

Tamil Vocabulary 33c - Custom, Habit

1. xOq;fhd o - Ļoong -- gaw - nuh regular, habitual, systematic

2. gof;fk; puh - Ļuk -- kum habit, custom, usage, practice

2.1 gof;fkhd puh - Ļuk -- kuh - maw - nuh familiar

2.2 gof;ftof;fk; puh - Ļuk -- kuh - vuh - Ļuk -- kum custom, practice

3. tz;zk;; vuN -- Num way, manner; colour

3.1 tz;zkha; vuN -- Nuh - mawyy in this (that) way

4. tof;fk; vuh - Ļuk -- kum custom, habit, usage

4.1 tof;fkha; vuh - Ļuk -- kuh - mawyy usually, customarily

4.2 tof;fkhd vuh - Ļuk --kuh - maw - nuh normal, customary

Tamil Vocabulary 33d - if words

1. if kii hand, arm

1.1 ifJz;L kii - thooN -- Dö tract

1.2 ifg;gpb kiip -- pea - Dea handle (noun)

1.3 ifg;gpujp kiip -- pea - ruh - thea handbill

1.4 ifahs; ifahS kii - yawL handle, use (combo verb)

ifahs> fpNwd> ifahz;Nld;> Ntd;

1.5 iftpuy; kii - vea - ral finger

January 5, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 34- Vocabulary - quotations34a - Thinking 34b - Calling & Inviting 34c - Remembering 34d - Believing


1. vz;zk; œN -- Num thought, idea, opinion; purpose, intention

1.1 vz;zpf; nfhs; nfhs;S œN -- Neak koL imagine, conceive (double verb)

1.2 vz;zpg; ghu; œN -- Neap pawr imagine, conceive (double verb)

1.3 vz;Z œN -- Nö think, plan; reckon, count

vz;z> fpNwd;> vz;zpNdd;> Ntd;

2. fUJ ka - roo - thö intend, mean, infer, suppose, imagine; esteem, regard

fUj> fpNwd;> fUjpNdd;> Ntd;;

2.1 fUjp nrhy; ka - roo - thea sol mean (i.e. be sincere about, be serious about) (double verb)

2.2 fUJtij ka - roo - thoo - vuh - theiy respect, regard, esteem

2.3 fUj;J ka - rooth -- thö meaning, import, idea; consideration, attention

2.4 fUj;Jnfhs; ..nfhs;S ka - rooth -- thoo - hoL be inclined to, have a mind for (combo verb)

3. fw;gid nra;J ghu; kuT -- pa - neiy sehyy -- thoo pawr imagine, fancy, picture (double verb)

4. fdT ka - nuh - vö dream, vision

5. rpe;jp siñ -- thea think, consider, meditaterpe;jpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

5.1 rpe;jid siñ -- thuh - neiy thought, consideration, meditation

6. jpahdp thih - yaw - nea meditate, contemplatejpahdpf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 jpahdk; thih - yaw - num meditation, contemplation

7. epid ñih - neiy think, reflect; consider, contemplateepidf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8. ghtid paw - va - neiy imagination, fancy; conception, image

8.1 ghtid nra; paw - va – neiy sehyy imagine, conceive (combo verb)

9. Nahrp yô - sea consider, deliberate, ponderNghrpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

9.1 Nahrid yô - sa - neiy thought, opinion, idea

9.2 Nahrid nra; yô - sa - neiy sehyy wonder, ponder (double verb)

9.3 Nahridkpf;f yô - sa - neiy - meak -- kuh thoughtful

9.4 Nahrpj;Jg; ghu; yô - seath – thoop pawr think (double verb)

Tamil Vocabulary 34b - Calling & Inviting


1. mio uh - Ļeiy invite, summon, call (often used with vd;W )

miof;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 mioj;Jr; nry; nry;Y uh - Ļeiyth -- thooch chel lead, conduct, show the way to (double verb)

1.2 mioj;Jg; Ngh uh - Ļeiyth -- thoop pô take along (double verb)

1.3 mioj;J th uh - Ļeiyth -- thoo vaw bring, lead, conduct (double verb)

1.4 miog;G uh - Ļeiyp -- pö invitation, summons

2. vdg;gl;l eh - nup -- puT -- Tuh called, named

3. ngaupL peh - ya - rea - Dö bestow a name, name (use with vd;W ) (combo verb)

ngaupl> fpNwd;> ngaupl;Nld;> Ntd;

September 22, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 34c - Remembering


1. Qhgfk; gnyaw - buh - hum memory (the faculty, not a remembrance)

1.1 Qhgfg;gLj;J gnyaw - buh - hup -- puh - Dooth -- thö remind (combo verb)

Qhgfg;gLj;j> fpNwd;> gLj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

1.2 Qhgfk; ,U gnyaw - bum ih - rö remember (combo verb) (agent in the dative case)

2. epid ñih - neiy think, reflect; consider, contemplateepidf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;;

2.1 epidg;G+l;L ñih - neiyp -- poooT -- Tö remind, put in mind (combo verb )(takes ‘koo’ suffix)

2.2 epidg;G+l;Ljy; epidg;G+l;b ñih - neiyp -- poooT -- Too - thal reminder

2.3 epidthw;wy; ñih - neiy - vawT -- TRal memory (the faculty)

2.4 epidtpy; it ñih - neiy - veal vii remember, keep in mind (combo verb)

3. epidT epidg;G ñih - neiy - vö remembrance, recollection, memory

3.1 epidT ,U epidg;G ,U ñih - neiy - vö ih - rö remember (combo verb - subject dative, verb impers. endings)

3.2 epidT$u; epidT$U ñih - neiy - voo - hooor remember (implication of being mentally sharp) (combo verb)

3.3 epidT gLj;jpf; nfhs; ñih - neiy - voo puh - Dooth -- theak koLremember, recollect (double verb)

3.4 epidT gLj;jpg; ghu;; ñih - neiy - voo puh - Dooth -- theap pawrrecall, recollect (double verb)

Tamil Vocabulary 34d - Believing


1. nfhs;if k0L -- heiy principle, doctrine, opinion; theory

2. ek;G ñum -- bö believe, believe in; trust, hopeek;g> fpNwd;> ek;gpNdd;> Ntd;

2.1 vjpu;fhy ek;gpf;if eh - thear - haw - luh ñum -- beak -- keiy hope

2.2 ek;gr; nra; ñum -- buch sehyy convince, persuade, cause to believe (combo verb)

2.3 ek;gpf;if ñum -- beak -- keiy hope, belief

2.4 ek;gpf;if nfhs; ñum -- beak -- keiy k0L hope, trust, believe in (combo verb)

2.5 ek;gpf;ifahd ñum -- beak -- keiy - yaw - nuh positive, optimistic, hopeful

2.6 ek;gpf;ifAs;s ñum -- beak -- keiy - yooL -- Luh positive, optimistic, hopeful

2.7 ek;gpf;if it ñum -- beak -- keiy vii believe, have faith (combo verb)

3. tpRthrk; vih - soo - vaw - sum faith

3.1 tpRthrp vih - soo - vaw - sea believe, trust, put faith in

tpRthrpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

January 7, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 35- Vocabulary - verb stems, adjectival clauses35a - Cleanliness 35b - Well-Being, Medicine 35c - Ailments, Handicaps 35d - Hurt, Injury


1. mRrp uh - soo - sea impurity, defilement

2. myk;G a - lum -- bö wash, rinsemyk;g> fpNwd;> myk;gpNdd;> Ntd;;;

3. mOf;fhd uh - Ļook -- kaw - nuh dirty

4. Cj;ij oooth -- theiy dirt, filth (noun); dirty (adjective)

5. fOT kuh - Ļoo - vö wash, wash off, wash away, cleansefOt> fpNwd;> fOtpNdd;> Ntd;

6. Fsp koo - Lea bathe, wash (intransitive)

Fspf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

7. Rj;jk; sooth – thum cleanliness

7.1 Rj;jkhf;F sooth -- thuh - mawk – kö clean, make clean, refine

7.2 Rj;jk; nra; sooth -- thum sehyy clean, make clean

7.3 Rj;jkhd Rj;jKs;s sooth -- thuh - maw - nuh clean

8. nrsf;fpak; sowk -- kea - yum ease, comfort, well-being

8.1 nrsfupakhd sow - huh - rea - yuh - maw - nuh comfortable

9. Jil thoo - Deiy wipe, wipe offJilf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10. Jit thoo - veiy soak, wash (i.e. clothes) (a transitive verb)

Jitf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

11. J}a thooo - yuh pure

11.1 J}a;ik thoooy - meiy purity, cleanliness, holiness

11.2 J}a;ikahd thoooy - meiy - yaw - nuh pure, clean, holy

12. Nja; théyy rub, rub away, polish, scourNja;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 35b - Well-Being / Medicine

1. MNuhf;fpak; aw - rôk -- kea - yum return of health; wholesomeness; soundness

1.1 MNuhf;fpakhd aw - rôk -- kea - yuh - maw - nuh healthy, wholesome, sound

2. MW aw - Rö heal; be appeased, be alleviated (intransitive)

Mw> fpNwd;> MwpNdd;> Ntd;

2.1 MWjy; aw - Roo - thal comfort, consolation

2.2 MWjyhd aw - Roo - tha - law - nuh comforting, consoling

3. Fzk; koo - Num quality, attribute; nature, disposition; virtue, healthfulness

3.1 Fzg;gLj;J koo - Nup -- puh - Dooth -- thö cure, heal, remedy; improve (combo verb)

3.2 Fzkil koo - Nuh - muh - Deiy become well, become healthy, be healed (combo verb)

3.3 Fzkhf;F koo - Nuh -- mawk -- kö cure, heal (combo verb)

4 Rfk; soo - hum health; happiness, pleasure

4.1 Rfg;gLj;J soo - hup -- puh - dooth - thö cure, heal (combo verb)

4.2 Rfkhf;F soo - huh -- mawk -- kö cure, heal (combo verb)

4.3 ey;y RfKs;s na -- luh soo - huh - mooL -- Luh healthy

5. lhf;lu; dawk -- Tar doctor

April 24, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 35b - Well Being / Medicine

6. ijyk; thii - lum oil, unguent; fragrant oil; medicinal oil

7. kUj;Jtk; ma - rooth -- thoo - vum medical science, practice of medicine

7.1 kUj;Jtu; ma - rooth -- thoo - var physician, doctor

7.2 kUe;J ma - rooñ -- thö medicine, medication

8. khj;jpiu mawth -- thea - reiy pill (medicinal)

9. itj;jpau;; viith -- thea - yar doctor

Tamil Vocabulary 35c - Ailments, Handicaps

1. Cik ooo - meiy speechlessness

1.1 Cikahd ooo - meiy - yaw - nuh speechless, mute

2. Cdk; ooo - num defect, lack, deficiency (as of a body member)

3. fhrNeha; kaw - suh - ñôyy tuberculosis

4. fha;r;ry; kawyych -- chal fever

5. FUL koo - roo - Dö blindness; dimness, obscurity

5.1 FUlhd koo - roo - Daw - nuh blind

6. rsp suh - Lea mucus, phlegm; cold, catarrh

6.1 rsp suh - Lea have a cold (impersonal verb- agent in the dative case)

rspf;f> f;fpwJ> j;J> rspf;Fk;

6.2 rspg;gpb suh - Leap – pea - dea catch a cold (combo verb)

7. rpfpr;ir sih - heach -- cheiy medical care, treatment of disease

7.1 mtru rpfpr;ir uh - vuh - sa - ruh sih - heach -- cheiy first aid, emergency care


8.1 nrtplhd seh - vea - Daw - nuh deaf

9. jpkpu;thjk; thih - mear - vaw - thum paralysis

9.1 jpkpu;thjKs;s thih - mear - vaw - thuh - mooL - Luh paralyzed

10. Neh ñô pain; illness; injury; grief

10.1 Neh ñô be hurt; be grieved; feel pain

Nehf (Neht)> NehfpwJ> nehe;jJ> NehFk (NehTk;) (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case, irregular past tense)

10.2 Neha; ñôyy disease, ailment; affliction, pain

10.3 Nehahsp ñô - yaw - Lea sick person, patient

10.4 Nehahspahd ñô - yaw - Lea - yaw - nuh sick, ill

10.5 NehAW ñô - yoo - Rö become sick, experience sickness

NehAw> fpNwd;> NehAw;Nwd;;> Ntd;

10.6 NehAw;Nwhu; ñô - yooT --TRôr the sick, sick ones

10.7 Neha; tha;g;gL ñôy vawyp -- puh - Dö get sick (combo verb)

11. Gw;W Neha; pooT -- TRoo ñôyy cancer

12. kdNeha; ma - nuh - ñôyy mental illness

13. Klk; moo - Dum lameness

13.1 Klkhd moo - Duh - maw - nuh lame

14. tapw;Wtyp tapw;WNeha; vuh - yeaT - TRoo - va - lea stomach ache

August 26, 2010

Tamil Vocabulary 35c - Ailments, Handicaps

15. tUj;jk; va - rooth -- thum sickness, affliction; pain; sorrow

15.1 tUj;jg;gL va - rooth -- thup -- puh - Dö be grieved, feel sorrow, feel sorry (combo verb)

16. thij vaw - theiy affliction, plague; pain, sickness

17. tpahjp vih - yaw - thea disease, sickness

17.1 tpahjpg;gL vih - yaw - theap -- puh - Dö be sick, be ill (use with a perfect tense) (combo verb)

17.2 tpahjpahd tpahjpAs;s vih - yaw - thea - yaw - nuh sick

Tamil Vocabulary 35d - Hurt, Injury

1. fhak; kaw - yum wound; bruise

1.1 fhag;gLj;J kaw - yup -- puh - Dooth -- thö injure, harm (combo verb)

2. Gz; pooN wound; sore

August 26, 2010

Tamil Lesson # 36- Vocabulary - present participles36a - Help, Serve 36b - Respect 36c - Worship


1. Mjup aw - tha - rea support, defend, uphold, nourishMjupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 Mjuthsu; aw - tha - ruh - vaw - Lar supporter

1.2 MjuT aw - thuh - ruh - vö support, help, patronage

2. cjtp oo - thuh - vea aid, help, assistance

2.1 cjtp nra; oo - thuh - vea sehyy help, assist (its noun takes a “koo” suffix) (combo verb)

2.2 cjtpahsd; oo - thuh - vea - yaw - Lan helper

2.3 cjtpahd oo - thuh - vea - yaw - nuh helpful

2.4 cjT oo - thuh - vö help, assist, aid (its completing noun takes a “koo” suffix)

cjt> fpNwd;> cjtpNdd;> Ntd;

3. Copak; ooo - Ļea - yum service, ministry

3.1 Copak; nra; CoaQ; nra; ooo - Ļea - yum sehyy serve, render service (combo verb)

3.2 Copad; Copaf;fhud; ooo - Ļea - yan servant, attendant

4. Vty; é - val services, duties; direction, order

4.1 Vtyhs; é - va - lawL servant, attendant

4.2 Vtw;fhud; é - vuT -- kaw - ran servant, attendant

5. Fbkf;fs; koo - dea - muk -- kuL subjects, servants

6. jhrd; thaw - san servant, slave

7. Jiz thoo - Neiy help, assistance; mate, companion

8. gzp puh - Nea service, work, task, deed; trade, craft

8.1 gzp puh - Nea be low (rank), be submissive, bow, do obeisance

gzpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;;

8.2 gzpahs;; puh - Nea - yawL servant

Tamil Vocabulary 36b - Respect


2. gzp puh - Nea be low (rank), be submissive; bow, do obeisancegzpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

2.1 mbgzp uh - dea - puh - Nea fall at one’s feet; obey, submitmbgzpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

2.2 gzpthd gzpTs;s puh - Nea - vaw - nuh humble, modest

3. kupahij ma - rea - yaw - theiy respect, courtesy

3.1 mtkupahijahd uh - vuh - ma - rea - yaw - theiy - yaw - nuh

disrespectful, discourteous

3.2 kupahijahd ma - rea - yaw - theiy - yaw - nuh respectful, courteous

3.3 kupahijAs;s ma - rea - yaw - theiy - yooL -- Luh respectful, courteous

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 36c - Worship

1. Mrhup aw - saw - rea celebrate, observe; hallow, render worshipMrhfpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 Mrhupg;Gf; $lhuk; aw - saw - reap -- pook kooo - Daw - rum tabernacle

2. Muhjid aw - raw - thuh - neiy worship, veneration, divine service

2.1 Muhjid nra; aw - raw - thuh - neiy sehyy worship, venerate (combo verb)

Muhjis nra;a> fpNwd;> Njd;> Ntd;

3. ,e;J iñ -- thö Hindu

4. xg;G op -- pö likeness, resemblance; suitableness, acceptableness

4.1 xg;gil op -- puh - Deiy charge (to do), entrust, consign (to another’s charge)

xg;gilf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4.1 xg;Gf;nfhL op -- pook -- ko - Dö dedicate, make a dedication, devote (combo verb)

4.1 xg;Gf;nfhLj;jy; op -- pook -- ko - Duth -- thal dedication

4.2 xg;Gf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S op -- pook -- koL accept, recognize; agree

xg;Gf;nfhs;s> fpNwd> ..nfhz;Nld;> Ntd;

5. rpiy sih - leiy stone, rock; stone idol, idol

6. Nrtp sé - vea serve (as a soldier) (God) (a master) (takes accusative)

Nrtpf;;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 Nrit sé - veiy service, worship

6.2 Nrit nra; sé - veiy sehyy serve

7. jpahfk; thih - yaw - hum sacrifice

8. njhO tho - Ļö revere; worshipnjho> fpNwd;> Njd;> Ntd;

9. Njtd; thé - van God

9.1 nja;tPf thehyy - vee - huh divine

9.2 NjtJ}jd; thé - vuh - thooo - than angel

9.3 Njtij thé - vuh - theiy goddess, deity

9.4 Njtgf;jp thé - vuh - puk -- thea godly devotion

9.5 Njtgf;jpAs;s thé - vuh - puk -- thea - yooL -- Luh godly

9.6 Njthyak; thé - vaw luh - yum temple, church, shrine

10. gyp pa - lea sacrifice, offering

10.1 gyp nrYj;J pa - lea seh - looth - thö sacrifice (combo verb)

11. gpuhj;jp pih - rawth -- thea pray, supplicate; vow, promisegpuhj;jpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

11.1 gpuhj;jdk; gpuhj;jid pih - rawth -- thuh - num prayer, supplication

11.2 gpuhj;jid nra; pih - rawth - thuh - neiy sehyy pray, supplicate (combo verb)

12. kjk; muh - thum religion

12.1 kj muh - thuh religious

12.2 kjrka muh - thuh - suh - muh - yuh religious

12.3 kjg;gw;Ws;s muh - thup -- puT -- TrooL -- Luh religious

13. tzf;fj;jhu; vuh - Nuk -- kuth - thawr worshippers

14. tzq;F vuh - Nung -- gö worship, revere; salute, greettzq;f> fpNwd;> tzq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

14.1 jiytzq;F tha - leiy - vuh - Nung -- gö do obeisance to, render homage tojiytzq;f> fpNwd;> fpNdd;> Ntd;

14.2 tzq;Fjy; vuh - Nung -- goo - thal worship

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 36c - Worship (continued)

15. topgL vuh - Ļea - buh - Dö worshiptopgl> fpNwd;> topgl;Nld;> Ntd;

15.1 topgLthu; vuh - Ļea - buh - Doo - vawr worshiper

15.1 topghL vuh - Ļea - baw - Dö reverence, worship, service, religion

16. tpf;fpufk; vik -- kea - ruh - hum idol, image

16.1 tpf;fpufhuhjid vik -- kea - ruh - haw - raw - tha - neiy idolatry

17. Ntjh Ntjd; vé - thaw God

17.1 Ntjk; vé - thum sacred writings, holy books, vedas

August 22, 2006

Tamil Lesson # 37- Vocabulary - infinitives, according to

37a - Step - mb and gb 37b - Agreement & Disagreement 37c - Togetherness


1. mb uh - Dea base, basis; foot (12 inches), step; line of verse

1.1 mbr;RtL uh - Deach -- choo - vuh - Dö footstep

1.2 mbj;jsk; uh - Death -- thuh - Lum basement

1.3 mbg;gil uh - Deap -- puh - deiy foundation, basement; basis

1.4 mbg;gilahd uh - Deap -- puh - Deiy - yaw - nuh basic, fundamental

2. gb puh - Dea step, stair; rung; rank, grade; method; way

2.1 me;jg;gbNa uñ -- thup -- puh - Dea - yé in the same way

2.2 gbf;fl;L puh - Deak -- kuT -- Tö staircase

2.3 gbg;gbahf puh - Deap -- puh - Dea - yaw - huh gradually, progressively, by steps

Tamil Vocabulary 37b - Agreement & Disagreement


1. Ml;Nrgp awT -- ché - bea reject, refute, object to, opposeMl;Nrgpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. Mkhk; aw - mawm yes, alright

3. ,ir ih - seiy combine, join; bind, fasten; hum; play (instrument)

,irf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 ,ir ih - seiy unite, join, harmonize, agree (intransitive verb)

,ira> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

3.2 ,irT ih - seiy - vö union, harmony, agreement; fitness

3.3 ,irthf ih - seiy - vaw - huh in agreement with (postposition, requires a “koo” suffix)

4. ,zq;F ih - Nung -- gö agree, consent; yield, comply with, acquiesce in,zq;f> fpNwd;> ,zq;fpNdd;> Ntd;;

5. Vy; él accept, receive; agree, assent (transitive meanings)

Vw;f> Vw;fpNwd;> Vw;Nwd;> Vw;gd; be suitable, be appropriate (intransitive meanings)

5.1 Vw;fj;jFe;j œT -- kuth -- thuh - hooñ -- thuh acceptable; worthy to be accepted

5.2 Vw;w Vw;g œT -- Truh suitable, fitting, appropriate

5.3 tuNty; va - ruh - vél welcome (combo verb)

5.4 jpUk;g tuNty; thih - room – buh va - ruh - vél welcome back (combo verb)

6. rk;kjk; sum -- muh - thum agreement

6.1 rk;kjg;gLj;J sum -- muh - thup - puh - Dooth - thö persuade, convince

6.2 rk;kjp sum -- muh - thea agree with, consent to, concur with

rk;kjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7. epge;jid ñih - buñ -- tha - neiy condition; agreement, compact; penalty

8. epuhfup ñih - raw - huh - rea refuse, decline; rejectepuhfupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9. kW muh - Rö refuse, deny; disownkWf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

July 13, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 37c - Togetherness


1. mq;fj;jpdu; ung -- guth - thea - nar member (one of a group)

2. ,dk; ih - num race; class, group

2.1 ,dg;ngWik ih - nup -- peh - Roo - meiy pride of race

3. If;fk; If;fpak; iik -- kum union, oneness; fellowship

4. xw;Wik oT - TRoo - meiy union, unison, concord; oneness, sameness

4.1 xw;Wikahd xw;Wikg;gl;l oT - TRoo - meiy - yaw - nuh united

5. fl;L kuT -- Tö knot, tie; bundle, pack fabrication, forgery; plot, conspiracy

5.1 fl;Lg;ghL kuT -- toop -- paw - dö league; restraint, self-restraint; restriction

6. fy ka - luh mix together, blend, minglefyf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 fyg;ghd ka - lup – paw - nuh mixed; diverse

6.2 fyg;gpy;yhj ka - lup – pea - law - thuh unmixed

6.3 fyg;G ka - lup – pö mixture; compound; combination

7. FyhT koo - law - vö mingle, be social, move aboutFyht> fpNwd;> FyhtpNdd;> Ntd;

8. Fog;G koo - Ļup – pö mix; stir up, agitate; jumble; confuseFog;g> fpNwd;> gpNdd;> Ntd;

8.1 Fog;gkhd koo - Ļup - puh - maw - nuh mixed, confused

8.2 Fog;gk; koo - Ļup - pum confusion, agitation, disorder

8.3 Fok;G Fok;g> fpNwd;> gpNdd;> Ntd; koo - Ļum – bö be mixed; be stirred up, agitated; be confused, disconcerted

8.4 Fok;G koo - Ļum – bö mixture; thick liquid, sauce; mud; gruel

9. FO koo - Ļö group; collection; herd, flock

10. rf suh - huh fellow (adjective)

11. rkurk; suh - ma - ruh - sum reconciliation, compromise

12. rKjhak; suh - moo - thaw - yum collection (of objects); society (of people)

13. Nru; sér join, mix, collect, gather, add (transitive verb)

Nru;f;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

13.1 Nru; NrU sér join, unite; belong; draw near, meet (intransitive verb)

Nru> NrUfpNwd> Nru;e;Njd;> NrUNtd;

13.2 Nru;j;J it sérñ – thoo - veiy amass, accumulate (double verb)

13.3 Nru;e;Jnfhs; sérñ – thoo - hoL join, associate (double verb)

14. njhF tho - hö gather up, assemble; make up, composenjhFf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

14.1 njhFjp tho - hoo - thea group, gathering, assembly; collection; volume (book)

14.2 njhif tho - heiy assembly; sum, total; summary

April 9, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 38- Vocabulary - gerunds38a - Giving, Taking & Receiving 38b - Choices & Decisions 38c - Plans & Preparations


1. mUs; mUS a - rooL grant, bestowmUs> fpNwd;> mUspNdd;;> Ntd;

2. msp uh - Lea offer, present; give, grant, bestowmspf;f> f;fpNwd;;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.1 tuNtw;gsp va - ruh - vœT-- puh - Lea welcome (combo verb)

3. ,L ih - Dö bestow, grant; place, deposit,l> fpNwd;> ,l;Nld;> Ntd;

4. < ee give, bestow; distribute, apportion<a> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

4.1 <T ee - vö giving, bestowing; liberality; gift, donation

5. fhzpf;if kaw - Neak -- keiy offering, gift (to God or to an eminent person)

6. nfhz;L nry; koN -- Doo sel take along, take away (double verb)

7. rk;ghjp sum -- baw - thea procure, acquire, earnrk;ghjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8. Rje;jup soo - thuñ -- thuh - rea inherit, be heir toRje;jupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9. nrytpL seh - luh - vih - Dö give out, expend, spend (time) (combo verb)

10. jh thaw produce, create; supply, give, provide (in general)

ju> jUfpNwd; je;Njd;> jUNtd; (sometimes a nominative object verb)

11. epakp ñih - yuh - mea assign, appoint, designate, establishepakpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

11.1 epakpf;fg;gl;l ñih - yuh - meak -- kup -- puT -- Tuh appointed

11.2 epakpg;G ñih - yuh - meap -- pö appointment, assignment

12. ePl;L ñeeT -- Tö stretch, extend; give

ePl;l> fpNwd;> ePl;bNdd;> Ntd;

13. gyd; pa - lan result, effect; reward

13.1 gydsp pa - la - nuh - Lea reward (combo verb)

14. NgW pœ - Rö acquisition, gain, benefit; birth, child

15. Kd;th moon -- vaw offer (combo verb)

16. tuk; va - rum gift, endowment

17. toq;F vuh - Ļung - gö be accustomed, practise; give, distribute

toq;f> fpNwd;> toq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

18. ntFkjp veh - hoo - muh - thea reward, present

December 28, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 38b - Choices & Decisions


1. jaq;F thuh - yung -- gö hesitate, waver, be reluctantjaq;f> fpNwd;> jaq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

2. jPu;khdk; theer - maw - num decision, resolution (use with vL for ‘make a decision’)

2.1 jPu;khdp theer - maw - nea decide, resolve, determine

jPu;khdpf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;;

3. njupe;Jnfhs; nfhs;S theh - reañ -- thoo - hôL choose, select; know, understand (double verb)

4. njupT theh - rea - vö choice, choosing, pick, selection

4.1 njupT nra; theh - rea - vö sehyy choose, pick, select (combo verb)

5. Nju;; NjU thér examine, investigate, inquire into

Nju> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd; be proficient, be thoroughly acquainted with

5.1 ifNju;e;j kii - thérñ -- thuh masterful, proficient

5.1 Nju;e;njL thérñ -- theh - Dö choose, select, elect

Nju;e;njLf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

5.3 Nju;e;njLj;jy; thérñ -- theh - Dooth -- thal choice, selection

Tamil Vocabulary 38c - Plans & Preparations


1. Maj;jk; aw - yuth -- thum readiness, preparation

1.1 Maj;jkhF aw - yuth -- thuh - maw - hö get ready, become ready (combo verb)

1.2 Maj;jkhd aw - yuth -- thuh - maw - nuh ready

1.3 Maj;jk; nra; aw - yuth -- thum sehyy prepare, make ready (combo verb)

1.4 Maj;jk;gz;Z aw - yuth -- thum - buN -- Nö prepare, make ready (combo verb)

2. Fwpf;Nfhs; koo - Reak -- kôL objective, aim, goal

3. jahu; thuh - yawr readiness, preparedness

3.1 jahuhd thuh - yaw - raw - nuh ready, prepared

3.2 jahup thuh - yaw rea prepare

jahupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.3 jahu; nra; thuh - yawr sehyy prepare, make preparation (combo verb)

4. jpl;lk; thiT -- Tum plan, project; arrangement; program

4.1 jpl;lkhd thiT – Tuh- maw - nuh definite, exact

4.2 jpl;lkpL thiT – Tuh- mea - Dö plan (combo verb)

March 20, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 39- Vocabulary - Nouns formed from Verbs, Of & Among

39a - Authority 3 - Substances


1. mjpfhuk; uh - thea - haw - rum chapter; power, authority

1.1 mjpfhuKs;stu; uh - thea - haw - ruh - mooL – Luh - var a person with authority

2. mjpgjp uh - thea - buh - thea king, sovereign, ruler; lord, master

2.1 Njrhjpgjp thé - saw - thea - buh - thea governor

3. murd; a - ruh - san king

3.1 murhq;fk;; a - ruh - sawng – gum government, kingdom

3.2 murpay;; a - ruh - sea - yal government; politics; royalty

3.3 muR a - ruh - sö royalty

3.4 cd;dj murjpfhuk; oon – nuh - thuh a - ruh - suh - thea - haw - rum sovereignty

3.5 Nguurd; pé - ra - ruh - san emperor

4. Ml;rp awT -- chea reign, rule; government

4.1 Ml;rp nra; awT -- chea sehyy rule, reign, govern (combo verb)

5. Mjpf;fk; aw - theak -- kum dominance, power, control

5.1 Mjpf;fk; nrYj;J aw - theak -- kum seh - looth -- thö dominate (combo verb)

6. Ms; MS awL rule, reign, govern

Ms> fpNwd> Mz;Nld;> Ntd;

6.1 MSgtd; aw - Loo - buh - van ruler

6.2 MSif aw - Loo - heiy rule, government, domination

6.3 MSif nra; aw - Loo - heiy rule, reign, govern

6.4 ifahs; ifahS kii - yawL handle, use

ifahs> fpNwd> ifahz;Nld;> Ntd;

7. ,uh[;ak; uh[;ak; ih - rawj -- yum kingdom

7.1 ,uhad; ih - raw - yan king, emperor

7.2 uh[hPfkhd raw - ja - ree - huh - maw - nuh royal

8. ,iwtd; ih - Reiy - van Supreme Being, God; king, leader, emperor

9. v[khd; eh - juh - mawn master

10. rpq;fhrdk; rpq;fhjdk; sing – gaw - sa - num throne (supported by carved lions)

11. fu;j;ju; fu;j;jd; karth -- thar lord, master, chief; doer, agent, maker

12. jiy tha - leiy head

12.1 jiyrpwe;j tha - leiy - sea - Ruñ -- thuh outstanding

12.2 jiyefu; tha - leiy - ñuh - har principal city

12.3 jiyg;G tha - leiyp -- pö title, heading, theme

12.4 jiyKiw tha - leiy - moo - reiy generation

12.5 jiyaiz tha - leiy - yuh - Neiy pillow

12.6 jiyahd tha - leiy - yaw - nuh principal, pre-eminent

12.7 jiytd; tha - leiy - van leader, chief

13. gjtp puh - thuh - vea position, rank

13.1 gjtpngau; puh - thuh - vea - peh- yar title (used in addressing someone)

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 39a - Authority

14. gpujpepjp pih - ruh - thea - nea - thea representative, deputy

15. gpuG pih - ruh - bö governor, prince, nobleman

16. topelj;J vuh - Ļea - ñuh - Duth -- thö direct, lead (combo verb)

16.1 jtwhf topelj;J thuh - vuh - Raw - huh vuh...... mislead

16.2 topfhl;Ljy; vuh - Ļea - hawT - Too - thal guidance, direction

16.3 topelj;Jjy; vuh - Ļea - ñuh - Duth -- thoo - thal direction, guidance

Tamil Vocabulary 39b - Substances


1. ,Uk;G ih - room -- bö iron

2. cUf;F oo - rook -- kö steel

3. cNyhfk; oo - lô - hum metal

4. fz;zhb kuN -- naw - Dea glass (the substance); glasses; mirror

5. fk;gsp kum -- buh - Lea wool

6. fup ka - rea charcoal

7. fspkz; kuh - Lea - muN clay

8. fhfpjk; kaw - hea - thum paper (an older word)

9. fhhPak; kaw - ree - yum lead (the metal)

10. fhiu kaw - reiy mortar

10.1 fhiuf;fl;L kaw - reiyk – kuT – Tö concrete

11. rhf;Ff;fl;b Nrhf;Ff;fl;b sawk -- kook -- kuT -- Tea chalk

12. ryitf;fy; sa - luh - veiyk -- kal marble

13. rhak; saw - yum dye

14. nrk;G sem -- bö copper

15. jfuk; thuh - ha - rum tin

16. jq;fk; thung -- gum gold

17. J}rp thooo - sea dust

17.1 J}rp epiwe;j thooo - sea ñih - Reiyñ – thuh dusty

18. epyf;fup ñih - luk -- ka - rea coal

19. gl;L puT -- Tö silk

20. gjdplg;gl;l Njhy; puh - thuh - nea - Dup -- puT -- Tuh thôl leather

21. gUj;jp pa - rooth -- thea cotton

22. gpj;jis pith -- thuh - leiy brass

23. gpsh];bf; pih -- Lawss - deak (plastic) plastic

24. gPq;fhd; peeng -- gawn porcelain

25. Ngg;gu; pép -- par paper

April 27, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 39b - Substances

26. nghd; pon gold

26.1 nghd;dhd pon – naw - nuh precious

27. kzy; muh - Nal sand

28. kz; muN soil, earth

29. kuk; ma - rum wood; tree

29.1 kuj;jhyhfpa ma - ruth -- thaw - law - hea - yuh wooden

30. ntz;fyk; vœN -- ga- lum bronze

31. nts;sp vœL -- Lea silver

32. ituk; tapuk; vii - rum diamond

February 23, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 40- Vocabulary - needing

40a - Needing 40b - Activity 40c - Lack of Activity, Laziness 40d - Meals 40e - Beverages


1. mj;jpahtrpakhd uth -- thea - yaw - vuh - sea - yuh - maw - nuh necessary, indispensable

2. mtrpak; uh - vuh - sea - yum necessity

2.1 mtrpakhd uh - vuh - sea - yuh - maw - nuh necessary, essential, requisite

3. Njit thé - veiy necessity, need

3.1 Njitg;gLj;J thé - veiyp -- puh - Dooth – thö require (combo verb)

3.2 Njitahd thé - veiy - yaw - nuh necessary, requisite

Tamil Vocabulary 40b - Activity


1. cj;jpNahfk; ooth -- thea - yô - hum job, employment

2. cio oo - Ļeiy strive, labour, toil; earn

ciof;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.1 ciog;G oo - Leiyp -- pö endeavours, exertions, toil

3. xOf;fk; o - Ļook -- kum conduct, behaviour; good morals

4. fpupia fpupif kih - rea - yeiy act, action, deed

4.1 ew;fpupia ñuT-- kih - rea - yeiy good deed

5. RWRWg;Gs;s RWRWg;ghd soo - Roo - soo - Roop -- pooL -- Luh busy, industrious

6. eltbf;if eltb ñuh - Duh - vuh - Deak -- keiy conduct, activity

6.1 eltbf;if vL ñuh - Duh - vuh - Deak -- keiy eh - Dö act, take action (combo verb)

7. tpid vih - neiy action, deed; evil deed

Tamil Vocabulary 40c - Lack of Activity, Laziness, Fatigue


1. fis kuh - Leiy be fatigued; be exhausted; faint, swoom

fisf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 fisg;G kuh - Leiyp -- pö fatigue, fainting

2. Nrhk;G sôm - bö lethargy, sluggishness; listlessness

2.1 Nrhk;Ngwp sôm - bé - Rea idler, sluggard

2.2 Nrhk;Ngwpahd sôm - bé - Rea - yaw - nuh lazy

3. Nrhu; NrhU sôr languish, droop, be weary, be tired, be faint

Nrhu> fpNwd; e;Njd;> Ntd;

3.1 Nrhu;e;j sôrñ - thuh weary, tired

3.2 Nrhu;T sôr -- vö languishing, drooping; listlessness; weakness

3.3 Nrhu;Tw;w sôr -- vooT -- TRuh weary, tired

October 2, 2010

Tamil Vocabulary 40d - Meals


1. ,uT rhg;ghL ih - ruh - voo sawp -- paw - Dö supper

2. fhiyr; rhg;ghL kaw - leiych chawp -- paw - Dö breakfast

3. rhg;ghL sawp -- paw - Dö meal

4. rpw;Wz;b sœT -- TRooN -- Dea snacks

5. gfy; rhg;ghL puh - hal sawp -- paw - Dö lunch

6. kj;jpahdr; rhg;ghL muth -- thea - yaw - nuch sawp - paw - Dö lunch

Tamil Vocabulary 40e - Beverages


1. ,urk; urk; ih - ruh - sum juice

2. fhg;gp Nfhg;gp kawp -- pea coffee

3. [yk; ja - lum water

4. jz;zPu; thuN -- Neer water

5. jpuhl;ir urk; thih - rawT -- cheiy ruh - sum grape juice, wine

6. Njapiy NjePu; thé - yea - leiy tea

7. ePu; ñeer water

8. ghy;; pawl milk

9. ghdk;; paw - num drink, beverage

9.1. ghdk; gz;Z paw - num puN – Nö drink, take a drink

10. kJ muh - thö alcoholic drink

11. kJghdk; muh - thoo - paw - num sweet liquor, wine

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 41- Vocabulary - without41a - Negation words 41b - Conflict 41c - War


1. my;y al – luh not

1.1 my;yJ al -- luh - thö or, if not

1.2 my;yhky; al -- law - mal without; besides (postposition, its noun in nom. case)

2. ,ytrk;; ih - luh - vuh - sum gratuity, anything obtained or done for nothing

2.1 ,ytrkhf ,ytrkha; ih - luh - vuh - suh - maw - huh freely, for free, for nothing

3. ,y; il non-existence; death

3.1 ,y;yhj il -- law - thuh without (postposition, its noun in nominative case)

3.2 ,y;yhky; il -- law - mal without (postposition, its noun in nominative case)

3.3 ,y;yhik il -- law - meiy absence, lack, privation

3.4 ,y;iy il -- leiy no, not

3.5 ,y;iyah il -- leiy - yaw is it not? n’est-ce pas?

4. <dk; ee - num deficiency; meanness

5. #dpak; sooo - nea - yum non-existence, emptiness, vanity

6. kw;w muT -- TRuh other, else (i.e. not the same; requires a liaison consonant)

6.1 kw;wg;gb muT -- Trup -- puh - dea otherwise

6.2 kw;wtu; muT -- Truh - var another (person)

6.3 kw;Wk; muT -- Troom and, and so on, besides

6.4 kw;nwhU muT -- TRo - rö another, one other

6.5 kw;nwhUtu; muT - Tro - roo - var another (person)

7. tplhky; vih - Daw - mal without ceasing, continuously

Tamil Vocabulary 41b - Conflict


1. vjpu; eh - thear that which is opposite, in front, adverse; future

1.1 vjpuhf eh - thea - raw - huh against (postposition, requires a “koo” suffix)

1.2 vjpuhd eh - thea - raw - nuh opposite, contrary

1.3 vjpup eh - thea - rea enemy

1.4 vjpu; eh - thear meet, face; oppose, resist, withstand

vjpu;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

1.5 vjpu;fhy eh - thear - haw - luh future (adjective)

1.6 vjpu;fhyk; eh - thear - haw - lum future, future tense

1.7 vjpu;j;J epy; eh - thearth - thö ñil resist (double verb)

1.8 vjpu;ghu; eh - thear - pawr expect, anticipate

vjpu;ghu;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

1.9 vjpu;ghu;g;G eh - thear - pawrp – pö prospect, expectation

1.10 vjpu;g;gL eh - thearp -- puh - Dö meet (i.e. come up against), face, encounter (combo verb)

1.11 vjpu;g;gjk; eh - thearp -- puh - thum opposite (noun)

March 22, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 41b - Conflict (continued)

1.12 vjpu;g;G eh - thearp -- pö opposition

1.13 vjpu;khwhd eh - thear -- maw - Raw - nuh opposite, contrary

2. fyfk; kuh - luh - hum rebellion, insurrection

2.1 fyff;fhud; mlq;fhg;gplhup kuh - luh - huk – kaw - ran rebel, insurgent (noun)

2.2 fyfk; nra; kuh - luh - hum sehyy rebel (combo verb)

3. nfhe;jspg;G koñ -- thuh - leap -- pö turmoil, commotion, turbulence

4. nfhs;is koL -- Leiy plunder, spoil, pillage

5. rz;il suN -- deiy fight, quarrel

5.1 rz;ilapL suN -- deiy - yea - dö fight, quarrel, attack

rz;ilapl> fpNwd;> ...apl;Nld;> Ntd;

6. rjp suh - thea conspiracy, intrigue, treachery

7. rj;JU suth -- thoo - rö enemy, adversary

8. rthy; suh - vawl challenge

8.1 rthy; tpL suh - vawl vih - dö challenge, dare, summon to fight (combo verb)

9. jhf;F thawk -- kö strike, attack

jhf;f> fpNwd;> jhf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

9.1 jhf;Fjy; thawk -- koo - thal assault

10. JNuhfk; thoo - rô - hum disloyalty; perfidy, treachery, betrayal

11. gif gifik puh - heiy enmity, hatred

11.1 gifikAs;s puh - heiy - meiy - yooL – Luh hostile, unfriendly

11.2 giftd; puh - heiy - van enemy, foe

12. Nghl;b pôT -- Tea rivalry, competition

12.1 Nghl;b tisahl;L pôT -- Tea vih - Leiy - yawT – Tö competitive game, sport

13. NghupL pô - rea - Dö fight, wrestle, combat

Nghupl> fpNwd;> Nghupl;Nld;> Ntd;

14. tpNuhjk; vih - rô - thum hatred, animosity, enmity

14.1 tpNuhjkhf tpNuhjkha; vih - rô - thuh - maw - huh against (postposition, requires a “koo” suffix)

14.2 tpNuhjp vih - rô - thea enemy

14.3 tpNuhjp vih - rô - thea oppose, resist, hate

tpNuhjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

15. ntW vœ - Rö dislike, hate; renounce, deny

ntWf;f> f;fpNwd> j;;Njd;> g;Ngd;

15.1 ntWg;G vœ - Roop – pö hatred, dislike; disgust

15.2 ntWg;G+l;Lk; vœ - Roop – poooT - Toom hateful, distasteful

March 22, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 41c - War

1. Fz;L kooN -- Dö bullet, cannonball, bomb

2. Nrtp sé - vea serve (as a soldier) (God) (a master) (takes accusative)

Nrtpf;;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.1 Nrtfd; sé - vuh - han soldier, warrior

3. Jg;ghf;fp thoop -- pawk -- kea gun

4. Nghu; pôr war

4.1 Nghhr;Nrtfu; pôrch -- ché - vuh - har soldiers (a collective noun, a plural form can also be used)

5. khq;F mawng -- gö (battle) tank

6. Kw;Wif mooT - TRoo - heiy siege

6.1 Kw;WifapL mooT -- TRoo - heiy - yea - Dö besiege

Kw;Wifapl> fpNwd;> Kw;Wifapl;Nld;> Ntd;

7. Aj;jk; yooth -- thum war, battle

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 42- Vocabulary - similarity

42a - Similarity & Difference 42b - Prosperity


1. mNj mNjahd uh - thé same, identical

2. mg;gbg;gl;l up -- puh - Deap -- puT -- Tuh such (i.e. like that)

2.1 mg;Ngu;g;;gl;l up -- pérp -- puT -- Tuh such (i.e. like that)

2.2 ,g;gbg;gl;l ip -- puh - Deap -- puT -- Tuh such (i.e. like this)

2.3 ,g;Ngu;;g;gl;l ip -- pérp -- puT -- Tuh such (i.e. like this)

3. ,d;ndhU ,d;ndhd;W in -- no - rö another

4. cjhuzk; oo - thaw - ruh - Num example, illustration

4.1 cjhuzkhf cjhuzj;jpw;F oo - thaw - ruh - Nuh - maw - huh for example

5. ctik oo - vuh - meiy comparison, illustration, similitude

6. vLj;Jf; fhl;L eh - Dooth -- thook kawT -- Tö illustrate, show (double verb)

7. vg;Ngu;g;gl;l ep -- pérp -- puT -- Tuh such (emphatic, as in how! or what!)

8. xj;J oth -- thö keep time (in music); agree

xj;j> fpNwd;> xj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

8.1 xj;j oth -- thuh similar, alike

9. xg;G op -- pö likeness, resemblance; suitableness, acceptableness

9.1 xg;gpL op -- pea - Dö liken, compare

xg;gpl> fpNwd;> xg;gpl;Nld;> Ntd;

9.2 xg;ghf op - paw - huh similar, comparable (complete with gerund)

9.2 xg;ghF op - paw - hoo be alike, resemble; be equal (combo verb)

9.3 xg;ghf;F op - pawk -- koo be liken, compare; assimilate (combo verb)

9.4 xg;gpl;Lg; NgR op -- peaT -- Toop pé - sö liken, compare (double verb)

10. rkk; suh - mum likeness, similarity, equality

10.1 rkkhf;F suh - muh - mawk -- kö equate (combo verb)

rkkhf;f> fpNwd;> rkkhf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

10.2 rkkhd suh - muh - maw - nuh equal

11. jif thuh - heiy suitability; worthiness; likeness

11.1 ,j;jifa ith -- thuh - heiy - yuh such, suchlike

11.2 ,j;jifNahu; ith -- thuh - heiy - yoar such ones, suchlike ones

12. Jy;ypak; thool -- lea - yum resemblance, equality, similarity; accuracy

12.1 Jy;ypakhf thool -- lea - yuh - maw - huh precisely, exactly

13. gpw pœ - Ruh outer, other, foreign (often a prefix in other words)

13.1 gpwd; pœ - Ran another, another person, a neighbour, a stranger

13.2 gpwu; pœ - Rar outsiders, the others, strangers

14. Nghy pô - luh like, as (postposition, with the nominative or accusative case)

14.1 Nghyp pô - lea similarity; semblance; imitation, anything spurious or artificial

14.2 Nghy; pôl like, as (postposition, with the nominative or accusative case)

15. Nghd;w pôn - DRuh such (adjective); like, similar to (postposition, with its noun

in nominative or accusative case) (requires liaison)

April 11, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 42a - Similarity & Difference (continued)

16. khjpup maw - thea - rea example, pattern (noun) ; similar to, like (postpos.; nom. case)

16.1 Kd;khjpup moon - maw - thea - rea example, precedent

16.2 Kd;khjpupahd moon - maw - thea - rea - yaw -nuh exemplary

17. tpj;jpahrk; vith -- thea - yaw - sum difference; contrast

17.1 tpj;jpahrkhd vith -- thea - yaw - suh - maw - nuh different, dissimilar

17.2 tpj;jpahrKs;s vith -- thea - yaw - suh - mooL -- Luh different, dissimilar

18. NtW vœ - Rö other (i.e. different from, distinct from)

18.1 ntt;NtW vev -- vœ - Rö separate, different, various

18.2 NtWgl;l vœ - Roo - buT -- Tuh different

18.3 NtnwhU vœ - Rô - rö another (i.e. a different one)

18.4 Ntw;Wik vœT -- TRoo - meiy difference

18.5 gy;NtW pal -- vœ - Rö various

Tamil Vocabulary 42b - Prosperity


1. mfjp uh - huh - thea destitute one

2. M];jp awss - thea property, estate; riches

3. Mlk;guk; aw - Dum - ba - rum luxury

4. IRtupak; ii - soo - va - rea - yum riches, wealth, prosperity

5. vspik œ - Lea - meiy lowness, poverty, weakness

5.1 vspa œ - Leiy - yuh poor, weak, pitiable; simple, uncomplicated

6. Vio œ - Ļeiy poor soul, helpless person, pitiable person

6.1 Vioahd Vio œ - Ļeiy - yaw - nuh poor, helpless, pitiable

7. Fiw FiwT koo - Reiy deficiency, lack, imperfection; poverty

7.1 gw;whf;Fiw puT -- TRawk -- koo - Reiy lack

8. nry;tk; sel -- vum wealth, riches; prosperity, felicity

8.1 nry;tkhd sel -- vuh - maw - nuh rich, wealthy, prosperous

8.2 nry;tKs;s sel -- vuh - mooL -- Luh rich, wealthy, prosperous

8.3 nry;td; nry;tp sel -- van rich man, prosperous man / woman

9. nrop sœ - Ļea thrive, flourish, prosper

nropf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;;

9.1 nrOik nropg;G sœ - Ļoo - meiy prosperity; fertility

10. jupj;jpuk; thuh - reath -- thea - rum poverty, indigence, destitution

11. jho;r;rp thawĻch – chea deficiency, want, scarcity; lowliness

12. ghf;fpak; pawk -- kea - yum blessing, felicity; wealth; prosperity; destiny, fate

12.1 ghf;fpathd; pawk -- kea - yuh - vawn prosperous man, blessed man

July 13, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 42b - Prosperity (continued)

13. gpr;ir pich - cheiy alms, charity; rice or other food given as charity

14. gpugyk; pih - ruh - ba - lum fame

14.1 gpugykhd gpugy pih - ruh - ba - luh - maw - nuh famous, well-known, popular

15. tsk; vuh - Lum abundance, prosperity; productivity, wealth

15.1 tsik vuh - Luh - meiy copiousness, prosperity; wealth

16. tWik vuh - Roo - meiy poverty

16.1 tWikahd vuh - Roo - meiy - yaw - nuh poor, needy

September 4, 2014

Tamil Lesson # 43- Vocabulary - comparative and superlative

43a - Comparison 43b - Victory, Achievement 43c - Change 43d - Progress & Regress


1. fhl;bYk;; kawT -- Tea - loom in comparison with (postposition, takes accusative case)

rather than (i.e. in preference to) (postposition, accusative case)

2. ghu;f;fpYk;; pawrk - kea - loom in comparison with (postposition, takes accusative case)

rather than (i.e. in preference to) (postposition, accusative case)

3. Nky; mél upper side, surface (noun)

up, upon (postposition, takes a “koo” suffix or an “ean” suffix)

3.1 Nkk;gL mém -- puh - Dö rise high, be elevated (combo verb)

3.2 Nkk;gLj;J mém -- puh - Dooth – thö improve (combo verb)

3.3 Nkyhd mé - law - nuh superior, better

3.4 NkNyhl;lkhd mé - loaT - Tuh - maw - nuh superficial, shallow

3.5 Nkw;gl;l méT -- puT - Tuh surpassing, over, more than (postposition - nom. or a “koo” suffix)

3.6 Nkd;NkYk; Nkd;Nky; mén -- mé - loom more and more

3.7 Nkd;ik mén - meiy greatness, grandeur, excellence

4. Nkhrkhf mô - suh - maw - huh badly, worse (adverb)

(for “worse than”, use the “koo” suffix on its complement)

4.1 Nkhrkhd mô - suh - maw - nuh bad, worse, worst (adjective)

5. tpUk;gpj; njupe;Jnfhs; vih - room – beath theh - reaN -- thoo - koL prefer (double verb)

Tamil Vocabulary 43b - Victory, Achievement


1. rak; [ak; suh - yum triumph, victory, success

1.1 rak; nfhs; [ak; nfhs;S suh - yum koL conquer, gain victory (combo verb)

2. n[ak; nrak; jeh - yum victory

3. Njhw;fb thôT -- kuh - Dea defeat, vanquish (transitive verb)

Njhw;fbf;;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 Njhy; thôl fail, be defeated, be vanquished (intransitive verb)

Njhw;f> Njhw;fpNwd;> Njhw;Nwd;> Njhw;Ngd;

3.2 Njhy;tpail thôl - vea - yuh - deiy end in failure (como verb)

4. tha; vawyy excelle, succeed (intransitive verb)

tha> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

4.1 tha; vawyy exceed, surpass; obtain (transitive verb)

tha;f;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> tha;f;Fk;

5. nty; nty;Y vel conquer, overcome; win

nty;y> fpNwd;> ntd;Nwd;> nty;YNtd;

5.1 ntw;wp vœT -- TRea victory, success

5.2 ntw;wpfukhd vœT -- Trea - ha -ruh - maw - nuh successful

5.3 ntw;wpr;rpwe;j vœT -- Treach -- chea - Runñ -- thuh victorious

5.4 ntw;wp ngW vœT -- TRea pœh - Rö succeed (combo verb)

5.5 ntw;wpail vœT -- TRea - yuh - Deiy win, gain a victory (combo verb)

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 43c - Change


1. ghjp paw - thea change, affect; disturb, trouble, afflict

ghjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. khw;wk; mawT -- TRum change, adjustment, transformation; a word in reply

2.1 xUtu; khwp xUtu; o - roo -var maw - Ree o - roo - var taking turns (one person replacing another)(idiom)

2.2 khW maw - Rö change, become changed, be altered (intransitive verb)

khw> fpNwd;> khwpNdd;> Ntd; (for “change into” use the “aw-huh” suffix, meaning, “to become”)

2.3 khw;wp nry; nry;Y mawT -- TRea sel transfer (double verb)

2.5 khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs; mawT - TRea - yuh - meiyth – thook kol adjust, adapt (double verb)

2.4 khw;wPL mawT -- TRee -- Dö replacement

2.5 khw;wPL nra; mawT - TRee - Dö sehyy replace (combo verb)

2.6. khw;W mawT - TRö change, alter; transfer; remove (transitive verb)

khw;w> fpNwd;> khw;wpNdd;> Ntd; (for “change into” use the “aw-huh” suffix, meaning, “to become”)

Tamil Vocabulary 43d - Progress & Regress


1. mjpfup uh - thea - ha - rea increase, enlargemjpfupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. Fiw koo - Reiy diminish, decrease; be scanty, be insufficientFiwa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

3. Fd;W koon - DRö lessen, diminish, decrease; lack, be in want ofFd;w> fpwJ> Fd;wpdJ> Fd;Wk;

4. Kd;NdW moon - nœ - Rö advance, progress (combo verb)

Kd;Ndw> fpNwd; Kd;NdwpNdjd;> Ntd;;;;

4.1 Kd;Ndw;wk; moon -- nœT -- TRum progress (noun)

4.2 Kd;Ndw;wkil moon -- nœT -- TRuh - muh - Deiy progress, improve (combo verb)

4.3 Kd;Ndw;Wtp moon -- nœT -- Troo - vea promote (combo verb)

April 28, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 44- Vocabulary - impersonal verbs44a - Impersonal Verbs 44b Taste 44c - Taste 44d - Smell

Tamil Vocabulary 44a - Impersonal Verbs


1. fpil kih - deiy be available, be obtained

fpilf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> fpilf;Fk; (impersonal verb, agent in the nominative case)

2. Neh ñô be hurt; be grieved; feel pain

Nehf (Neht)> NehfpwJ> nehe;jJ> NehFk (NehTk;) (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case)

3. grp puh - sea be hungry

grpf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> grpf;Fk; (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case)

3.1 grp puh - sea hunger, poverty

3.2 grpahd grpAs;s puh - sea - yaw - nuh hungry

4. Gif poo - heiy smoke, fumes; mist, haze; steam, vapour

4.1 Gif poo - heiy smoke, fume

Gifa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

4.2 Gif Fb poo - heiy koo - dea smoke (cigarette, cigar etc.) (combo verb)

4.3 Gif gpb poo - heiy pih - dea smoke (cigarette, cigar etc.) (combo verb)

Gif gpbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4.4 Gifapiy poo - heiy - yea - leiy tobacco

5. typ va - lea have pain; languish; row (boat)

typf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> typf;Fk; (impersonal verb, agent in the dative case)

Tamil Vocabulary 44b - Taste


1. ,dp ih - nea be sweet; be pleasant

,dpf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> f;Fk;;

1.1 ,dpa ih - nea - yuh sweet; pleasant; kind

1.2 ,dpg;ghd ih - neap -- paw - nuh sweet

1.3 ,dpikahd ih - nea - meiy - yaw - nuh sweet, delicious

2. cUrp Urp oo - roo - sea flavour, taste, good taste

2.1 Urpg;ghu; roo - seap – pawr taste (combo verb)

2.2 UrpAs;s roo - sea - yooL -- Luh tasty

3. ciw oo - Reiy to be pungent (spicy hot)

ciwf;f> f;fpwJ.> j;jJ> ciwf;Fk;;

3.1 ciwg;G oo - Reiyp -- pö hotness of taste, pungency

4. fru; fau; kuh - sar astringency, bitterness

4.1 frg;ghd kuh - sup -- paw - nuh bitter

4.2 frg;Gs;s kuh - sup -- pooL -- Luh bitter

4. rhuk; saw - rum flavour, tastefulness; interestingness

4.1 rhukw;w saw - ruh - muT -- TRuh inspid, unsavoury; uninteresting, vapid (liaison)

August 9 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 44b - Taste (continued)

5. Rit soo - veiy taste, sense of taste

5.1 Rit soo - veiy taste, enjoy (transitive)

Ritf;f> f;fpNwd.> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

5.2 RitAs;s soo - veiy - yooL – Luh tasteful, delicious

6. Gspg;G poo - Leap -- pö sourness, acidity

6.1 Gspg;ghd poo - Leap -- paw - nuh sour, acidic

Tamil Vocabulary 44c - Touch


1. njhL tho - Dö touch, handle (transitive meanings)

njhl> fpwd; l;Nld;> Ntd; be joined, be connected (intransitive meanings)

2. kpUJT mih - roo - thoo - vö softness, gentleness, mildness

2.1 kpUJthd mih - roo - thoo - vaw - nuh soft

3. nky; mel soft, faint, tender

3.1 nky; nky;Y mel chew softly

nky;y> fpNwd;> nkd;Nwd;> nky;YNtd;

3.2 nky;ykhf mel - luh - maw - huh slowly

4. nkd;ik men -- meiy softness, gentleness

4.1 nkd;ikahd men -- meiy - yaw - nuh soft, gentle

Tamil Vocabulary 44d - Smell


1. eW ñuh - Rö fragrant

1.1 Ju;ehw;wk; thoor -- ñawT -- TRum a very bad smell

1.2 eWkz ñuh - Roo - muh - Nuh fragrant, sweet smelling

1.3 eWkzk; ñuh - Roo - muh - Num perfume

1.4 eWkzKs;s ñuh - Roo - muh - Nuh - mooL - Luh fragrant, sweet smelling

1.5 eWik ñuh - Roo - meiy odour, scent, fragrance; perfume, goodness

1.6 ehW ñaw - Rö emit smell, smell; stink

ehw> fpwJ> ehwpdJ> ehWk;

1.7 ehw;wk; ñawT -- TRum an offensive smell, stench, stink

2. gupksk; pa - rea - muh - Lum fragrance, perfume, exquisite scent

3. kzk; muh - Num fragrance, smell; marriage

3.1 kzKs;s muh - Nuh - mooL -- Luh fragrant, sweet-smelling

4. KfU Kfu; moo - ha - rö smell, examine by smell (transitive)

Kfu> fpNwd;> Kfu;e;Njd;> Ntd;;

5. thil vaw - Deiy north wind, wind; scent, smell

August 22, 2009


45a - Affection 45b - Sharing


1. md;G an -- bö love

1.1 md;ghd an -- baw - nuh loving

1.2 md;ghd xUtu; an -- baw - nuh o - roo - var loved one

1.3 md;G$u; md;G$U an -- boo - hooor love, abound in affection or love

1.4 md;Gnfhs; md;Gnfhs;S an -- boo - hoL love, feel affection for (combo verb)

(“eal” suffix on its complement, or “ean” + Nky; )

1.4 md;Gs;s an -- booL -- Luh loving

2. md;Nahd;ak; an -- yôn -- yum intimacy

2.1 md;Nahd;akhd an -- yôn -- yuh - maw - nuh intimate

3. cwT oo - Ruh - vö relation, relationship, friendship

4. fdpthd ka - nea - vaw - nuh sweet, affectionate, kind

5. fhjy; kaw - thal fondness, affection, love

5.1 fhjyp kaw - tha - lea be fond of, be fondly attached to

fhjypf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

5.2 fhjyd; kaw - tha - lan sweetheart, (husband, fiancé)

5.3 fhjyp kaw - tha - lea sweetheart, (wife, fiancé)

6. rpNefk; sih - ñé - hum friendship

6.1 rpNefg;ghd;ikAs;s sih - ñé - hup - pawn -- meiy - yooL -- Luh friendly

7. jq;fkhd thung -- guh - maw - nuh dear

8. Njhoik thô - Ļuh - meiy friendship, companionship; familiarity

8.1 Njhod; Njhop thô - Ļan close friend, companion

9. el;G ñuT -- pö friendship

9.1 el;Gs;std; ñuT -- pooL -- Luh - van friend

10. Nerk; ñé - sum friendship

10.1 Nerkhd ñé - suh - maw - nuh beloved

10.2 Nerp ñé - sea love

Nerp;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

11. ge;jk; puñ -- thum relationship, attachment, affinity

12. gw;W puT -- TRö attachment, connection, bond; grasp

12.1 gw;wpf;nfhs; puT -- Treak -- kôL take hold of, hold on to

12.2 gw;W puT -- TRö grasp, embrace; attach, cling to

gw;w> fpNwd;> gw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

12.3 gw;Wjy; puT -- TRoo - thal attachment, fondness, love

12.4 gw;Wkhwh puT -- TRoo - maw - Raw loyal

13. ghrk; paw - sum love, attachment

14. Kj;jk; Kj;jp mooth -- thum kiss

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 45b - Sharing


1. mk;rk; um -- sum part, factor; facet, feature

2. mtatk; uh - vuh - yuh - vum part; member

3. cWg;gpdd; oo - Roop -- pea - nan member

4. fye;Jnfhs; ...nfhs;S ka - luñ -- thoo - hoL participate, take part; attend (,y; suffix) (double verb)

5. gfpU gfpu; puh - hea - rö apportion, divide into portions

gfpu> fpNwd;> gfpu;e;Njd;> Ntd;

5.1 gfpu;e;J nfhL puh - hearñ -- thö kol apportion, distribute (double verb)

5.2 gfpu;e;J nfhs; ...nfhs;S puh - hearñ -- thö kol share (double verb)

6. gF puh - hö apportion, allot, distribute

gFf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 gFjp puh - hoo - thea portion, division, allotment; section, area (of a town)

7. gq;F pung -- gö share, portion, allotment

7.1 gq;fPL pung - gee - Dö ration

7.2 gq;Fnfhs; ..nfhs;S pung -- goo - hoL share (combo verb)

7.3 gq;nfLj;Jf;nfhs; ..nfhs;S pung -- geh - dooth -- thook -- koL participate (double verb)

8. ghfk; paw - hum portion, part, share

9. ghy;; pawl milk; portion, part; sex, gender

10. tpepNahfk; vih - ñea - yô - hum distribution

December 30, 2014

Tamil Lesson # 46- Vocabulary - past participles, the continuous tense

46a - 2nd List of Transitive Verbs 46b - Verbs with transitive & intransitive meanings


1. miz uh - Neiy embrace; extinguish (a light)

mizf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. mOj;J uh - Ļooth -- thö press, press hard

mOj;j> fpNwd;> mOj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

2.1 mOj;jk; uh - Ļooth -- thum pressure, compactness; tightness

3. VT é - vö instigate, incite, inspire; order

Vt> fpNwd;> VtpNdd;> Ntd;

3.1 Vtg;gl;l é - vup – puT – Tuh inspired

4. fb kuh - Dea bite, bite off, gnaw; pinch (shoes, a ring etc.)

fbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4.1 fb kuh - Dea rebuke, reprove, chide; renounce

fba> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

5. fl;Lg;gLj;J kuT -- Toop -- puh - dooth -- thö restrain, control, subdue (combo verb)

6. fow;W kuh - ĻuT -- TRö unloose, unfasten, unhook; take off (clothes)

fUj;Jnfhs;s> fpNwd;> ..nfhz;;Nld;> Ntd;

7. nfL keh - Dö corrupt, debauch, damage, spoil, destroy

nfLf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8. Rl;L sooT -- Tö point out, show, allude to; designate

Rl;l> fpNwd;> Rl;bNdd;> Ntd;

8.1 Rl;bf;fhl;L sooT -- Teak -- kawT -- Tö point out, pick out; indicate (double verb)

9. Rk soo - muh bear, carry

Rkf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9.1 Rik soo - meiy load, burden

9.2 Rik Vw;W soo - meiy œT – Trö load up, put cargo in (on) (combo verb)

10. #o; soooĻ encompass, surround, encircle

#o> fpNwd;> #o;e;Njd;> Ntd;

10.1 #oy; sooo - Ļal surroundings, place; environment

10.2 #o;epiy soool – ñi - leiy situation; surrounding conditions, atmosphere

11. ];jhgp ssthaw - bea establish, found, erect

];jhgpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

12. jl;L thuT -- Tö knock, knock on, tap, rap, strike

jl;l> fpNwd;> jl;bNdd;> Ntd;

13. jhz;L thawN -- Dö jump over, leap over, surpass

jhz;l> fpNwd;> jhz;bNdd;> Ntd;

14. Juj;J thoo - ruth -- thö chase away, drive away

Juj;j> fpNwd;> jpNdd;> Ntd;

15. eRf;F ñuh - sook -- kö squash, crush; press, squeeze

eRf;f> fpNwd;> eRf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

August 2, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 46a - Second List of Transitive Verbs (continued)

16. ePf;F ñeek -- kö remove, eliminate, displace, exclude, omit, dismiss

ePf;f> fpNwd;> ePf;fp;Ndd;> Ntd;

16.1 ePf;fpg;NghL ñeek -- keap -- pô - Dö remove, put away, take away (double verb)

17. E}y; ñoool spin (yarn)

E}w;f> E}w;fpNwd;> E}w;Nwd;> E}w;Ngd;

18. gOJ puh - Ļoo - thö defect, flaw; damage

18.1 gOJghu; puh - Ļoo - thoo - bawr repair, mend (combo verb)

19. gwp puh - Rea pluck, pull out

gwpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

19.1 gwpnfhL puh - Rea - ko - doo lose, be robbed of

20. Gul;L poo - ruT -- Tö turn over, overturn

Gul;l> fpNwd;> Gul;bNdd;> Ntd;

20.1 cUl;bg; Gul;br; nry; oo - rooT – Teap poo - ruT – Teach chel roll over (double verb)

20.2 Gul;L poo - ruT – Tö artifice, deceit, cheating

21. G+l;L poooT -- Tö lock, fasten, hook, button

G+l;l> fpNwd> G+l;bNdd;> Ntd;

21.1 G+l;L poooT -- Tö lock

22. ngau; peh - yar move, shift, transpose

ngau;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

22.1 ngau;j;J vOJ peh - yarth -- thö eh - Ļoo - thö copy, transcribe (double verb)

23. khl;L mawT – Tö fasten on, button, hook

khl;l> fpNwd;> khl;bNdd;> Ntd;

23.1 khl;bf; nfhs; mawT -- Teak kol get entangled (intransitive) (double verb)

24. tfp vuh - hea carry, bear, assume (load, responsibility)

tfpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

25. thjp vaw - thea torment, afflict

thjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 46b - Verbs with both transitive & intransitive meanings


1. xl;L oT -- Tö (transitive) stick on; adhere to; lean on (for support)

xl;l> fpNwd;> xl;bNdd;> Ntd; (intransitive) grow lean, shrink, grow withered

1.1 xl;bf;nfhs; oT -- Teak -- kol cleave to, adhere to (double verb)

1.2 xl;L oT -- Tö patch, a piece stuck on (cloth, wood, or metal)

2. rhu; rhU sawr lean (upon); depend (on), incline (towards)

rhu> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd; (usually intransitive, but not always)

3. Rw;W sooT -- TRö (intransitive) go around, revolve, circulate

Row;w> fpNwd;> Row;wpNdd;> Ntd; (transitive) surround, encompass, be coiled

4. gpd;thq;F pin -- vawng -- gö (intransitive) draw back, recede (combo verb)

Row;w> fpNwd;> Row;wpNdd;> Ntd; (transitive) hold back, restrainAugust 17, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 47- Vocabulary - the perfect tenses

47a - Things to wear 47b - Space, Full & Empty


1. mq;fp ung -- gea robe

2. ml;bay; uT -- Tea - yal necklace

3. mzp uh - Nea wear, adorn (usually used with the perfect tenses)

mzpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

4. Mil aw - Deiy clothing, dress

5. Mguzk; aw - ba - ruh - Num ornament

6. ,wtf;if ,utpf;if ih - Ruh - vuk -- keiy blouse

7. cL oo - Dö dress; wear, put on (clothes) (a transitive verb)

cLf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7.1 cLg;G oo - Doo -- pö clothes, clothing

7.2 cil oo - Deiy clothes; possessor

8. fl;il if Nrl;L kuT -- Teiy keiy séT -- Tö short sleeved shirt

9. fe;ij kuñ -- theiy cloth, rag; patched garments

9.1 fe;jyhd kuñ -- thuh - law - nuh ragged, tattered, wretched

9.2 fe;jy; kuñ -- thal rags, tatters; a profligate or dissolute person

9.3 fe;ijahd kuñ -- theiy - yaw - nuh ragged

10. fk;ky; kum -- mal earring, ear ornament

11. fsprhd; kuh - Lea - sawn pants

12. fhg;G kawp -- pö bracelet, bangle; protection

13. Nfhl;L kôT -- Tö coat

14. rl;il suT -- Teiy shirt, blouse

15. rw;thzp suR - vaw - Nea sharvanee

16. nrUg;G seh - roop -- pö slipper

17. Nrl;L séT -- Tö shirt

18. nrhf;]; sokss sock, socks (sox)

19. ]hup ssaw - rea sari

20. jup tha - rea pause (in reading, speaking, singing etc.)

jupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; put on (a dress, an ornament etc.)

20.1 jupj;Jf;nfhs; ...nfhs;S tha - reath -- thook -- kol put on (double verb)

21. njhg;gp thop -- pea cap, hat

22. ghthil paw - vaw - Deiy skirt

23. Nghu;it pôr - veiy covering, blanket, cloak

24. Nkw; rl;il Nky; rl;il méT suT -- Teiy coat

25. Nkhjpuk; mô - thea - rum ring

26. t];jpuk; vuss -- thea - rum garment

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 47b - Space, Full & Empty


1. fhypahd kaw - lea - yaw - nuh empty

2. rpjW sih - thuh - Rö scatter, disperse; be scattered, disperse

rpjw> fpNwd;> rpjwpNdd;;> Ntd;

2.1 rpjwb sih - thuh - Ruh - Dea scatter, disperse; shatter

rpjwbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;;> g;Ngd;

3. jpzp thih - Nea stuff, cram; impose

jpzpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4. epug;G ñih - rup -- pö fill, saturate, replenish; complete

epug;g> fpNwd;> epug;gpNdd;> Ntd;

4.1 epuk;G ñih - rum -- bö become full, be complete, be replete

epuk;g> fpNwd;> epuk;gpNdd;> Ntd;

5. epiw ñih - Reiy be full, become full

epiwa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak; (usually used with the perfect tenses)

5.1 epiwe;j ñœ - Reiyñ -- thuh full of, replete with (noun first - in nominative case)

5.2 epiwNtW ñœ - Reiy - vœ - Rö be fulfilled, be accomplished

epiwNtw> fpNwd;> epiwNtwpNdd;> Ntd;

5.3 epiwNtw;W ñœ - Reiy - vœT -- TRrö fulfill, accomplish

epiwNtw;w> fpNwd;> epiNtw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

5.4 epiwNtw;wk; ñœ - Reiy - vœT -- TRrum fulfillment

6. gug;G pa - rup -- pö spread, spread out, disseminate (transitive verb)

gug;g> fpNwd;> gug;gpNdd;> Ntd;

6.1 gue;j pa - ruñ -- thuh spacious, roomy

6.2 gutyhd pa - ruh - vuh - law - nuh widespread

6.3 gutpAs;s pa - ruh - vea - yooL -- Luh spreading

6.4 guT pa - ruh - vö spread, spread out (intransitive verb)

gut> fpNwd;> gutpNdd;> Ntd;

7. %L mooo - dö close, shut; cover, hide (transitive meanings)

%l> fpNwd> %bNdd;> Ntd; be filled up, be covered (intransitive meanings)

7.1 %b mooo - dea cover, lid

8. tpup vih - rea expand (intransitive verb)

tpupa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

8.1 tpup vih - rea expand, spread, open, unfold, extend (trans. verb)

tpupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;N;jd;> g;Ngd;;

8.2 tpupthf;F vih - rea - vawk -- kö expand, develop (transitive verb) (combo verb)

9. ntWik vœ - Roo - meiy emptiness, nothingness

9.1 ntWikahd vœ - Roo - meiy - yaw - nuh empty

September 6, 2014

Tamil Lesson # 48 - Vocabulary - emphasis

48a - Degrees of Certainty 48b - Heat 48c - Light


1. mNefkhf mNefkha; uh - ñé - huh - maw - huh probably, most probably, likely

2. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; il -- law - veaT -- Tawl if not, if it were not for (postposition - nominative case)

3. Cfp ooo - hea guess, infer; deliberate

Cfpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4. Cfk; ooo - hum guess, inference

5. vd;why; en -- Rawl if (conjunction)

6. xUNtis o - roo - vœ - Leiy maybe, perhaps

7. fl;lhak; kuT -- Taw - yum compulsion, constraint, force

7.1 fl;lhag;gLj;J kuT -- Taw - yup -- puh- Dooth -- thö constrain, force (combo verb)

7.2 fl;lhakhf kuT -- Taw - yuh - maw - huh certainly, surely

8. re;Njfk; suñ -- thé - hum doubt, uncertainty

8.1 re;NjfKs;s suñ -- thé - huh - moo - luh doubtful, sceptical

8.2 re;Njfp suñ -- thé - hea doubt, be uncertain; hesitate; question

re;Njfpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9. eprk; ñih - sum certainty; veracity; sincerity

9.1 epr ep[ ñih - suh actual, real, genuine

9.2 eprkhd ep[khd ñih - suh - maw - nuh actual, real, genuine

9.3 epr;rak; ñich - chuh - yum certainty

9.4 epr;rakhf ñich - chuh - yuh - maw - huh certainly, definitely, surely, of course

9.5 epr;rag;gL ñich -- chuh - yup -- puh - Dö make sure, make certain (combo verb)

9.6 epr;rag;gLj;J ñich -- chuh - yup -- puh - Dooth -- thö make certain (combo verb)

April 20, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 48b - Heat


1. mf;fpdp uk – kea - nea fire

2. mdy; a - nal heat, warmth (from a fever, a fire, the sun etc.)

3. vup eh - rea burn (transitive verb)

vupf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 vup eh - rea burn (intransitive verb)

vupa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

3.2 vupeufk; eh - rea - ña - ruh - hum hellfire

4. c\;zk; oosh -- Num heat

5. cUF oo - roo - hö (intransitive) melt with heat; sympathize, feel pity

cUf> fpNwd;> cUfpNdd;> Ntd;

5.1 kdJUF (kdKUF) ma - nuh - thoo - roo - hö feel pity, sympathize (combo verb)

6. cUf;F oo - rook -- kö (transitive) melt with heat (metals etc.), liquify

cUf;f> fpNwd;> cUf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

7. fup kuh - rea charcoal

7.1 fup kuh - rea be scorched, be burnt, be charred

fupa> fpwJ> e;jJ> fupAk;

8. Fspu; koo - Lear cold, chilly, frigid

8.1 Fspuhd koo - Lea - raw - nuh cold, chilly, frigid

8.2 Fspu; FspU koo - Lear be cold, be cool; be refreshing

Fspu> fpwJ> e;jJ> FspUk;

9. Rlu; soo - dar flame, fire, light

10. RL #L soo - dö heat, warmth

10.1 RL soo - dö warm, heat; ignite; fire (a gun)

Rl> fpNwd;> Rl;Nld;> Ntd;

10.2 Rlhd #lhd soo - daw - nuh hot

10.3 Rthiy soo - vaw - leiy flame

10.4 #is sooo - Leiy furnace, kiln

11. jP theee fire; evil, wicked; sweet

11.1 jPf;Fr;rp theek -- kooch – sea match (to light a fire)

11.2 jPaizg;gtu; thee -- yuh - Neiyp - puh - var fireman

12. nghRf;F po - sook -- kö singe, scorch, burn (hair, paper etc.)

nghRf;f> fpNwd;> nghRf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

12.1 nghRq;F po - soong -- gö be singed, be consumed, be burned

nghRq;f> fpwJ> nghRq;fpdJ> nghRq;Fk;

13. ntg;gk; ntg;G vep -- pum heat

13.1 ntg;gkz;ly vep – puh - muN -- Da - luh tropical

13.2 ntg;gKs;s vep – puh - mooL - Luh hot

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 48c - Light


1. ,Ul;L ea - rooT -- Tö darkness, dark; cloudiness, obscurity

1.1 ,Us; ea - rooL darkness, want of light

1.2 ,Uz;l ,Ushd ea - rooñ – duh dark

2. jpfo; jpfO thih - huĻ shine, glimmer, be visible; be enlightened

jpfo> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

3. njs; thœL clear

3.1 njsptw;w thœ - Lea - vuT -- TRuh unclear, indistinct, dim

3.2 njspthf njsptha; thœ - Lea - vaw - huh clearly, obviously, evidently

3.3 njspthd thœ - Lea - vaw - nuh clear, obvious, evident

4. epoy; ñih - Ļal shadow

5. gspr;nrd;W puh - Leach -- chen -- DRö brightly

6. gpufhrp pih - ruh - haw - sea shine

gpufhrpf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> f;Fk;

6.1 gpufhrkhd pih - ruh - haw - suh - maw - nuh bright, brilliant, shining

7. gpujpgyp pih - ruh - thea - ba - lea react, respond; reflect

gpujpgypf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> f;Fk;

7.1 gpujpgypg;G pih - ruh - thea - ba - leap -- pö reaction, response; reflection

8. kpd; min glisten, flash

kpd;d> kpd;DfpwJ> kpd;dpdJ> kpd;Dk;

8.1 kpDf;F mih - nook – kö polish, gloss, brighten

kpDf;f> fpNwd;> kpDf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

8.2 kpDkpD mih - noo - mih - nö glitter, twinkle, glisten

kpDkpDf;f> f;fpwJ> e;jJ> f;Fk;

9. ntsp vœ - Lea outside, exterior; open space (field, sky etc.)

(postposition, with the nominative case)

9.1 ntspr;rk; vœ - Leach -- chum light

9.2 ntspg;gL vœ - Leap -- puh - Dö issue forth, come forth (combo verb)

9.3 ntspg;gLj;J vœ - Leap -- puh - Dooth -- thö reveal (combo verb)

9.4 ntspNaw;W vœ - Lea - yœT -- TRö expel, evict, put out

NtspNaw;w> fpNwd;> Vw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 49- Vocabulary - emphasis clauses

49a - Beginning & Ending 49b - Destruction 49c - Life & Death


1. Muk;gk; aw - rum -- bum beginning, commencement

1.1 Muk;gfhy aw - rum -- buh - haw - luh early (i.e. in the beginning time, as in “early Christians”)

1.2 Muk;gp aw - rum -- bea start, begin, commence, undertake

Muk;gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. xop o - Ļea cease, be over, be finished

xopa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

2.1 xope;J Ngh o - Ļeañ – thö pô disappear (double verb)

3. Xa; ôyy cease, end; desist from, leave off

Xa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

4. fil kuh - Deiy end, conclusion; shop, store

4.1 filrp kuh - Deiy - sea the end, the last

4.2 filrpahf kuh - Deiy - sea - yaw - huh finally, lastly; at last

5. jPu; theer finish, accomplish; settle, solve (a problem) ;

jPu;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; pass sentence (judge), arbitrate

5.1 jPu;T jPu;g;G theer – vö settlement, completion; solution, remedy

6. njhlq;F tho - Dung -- gö begin

njhlq;f> fpNwd> njhlq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

7. G+u;j;jp pooorth -- thea completion; fullness

7.1 G+u;j;jp nra; pooorth -- thea sehyy finish, complete (combo verb)

8.1 Kb moo - Dea finish, conclude, accomplish (transitive verb)

Kbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;N;jd;> g;Ngd;

8.1 Kb moo - Dea be able, be possible, can

Kba> fpwJ> e;jJ> KbAk;

Kba> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> KbNtd; (trans.) tie with a knot, fasten; (intrans.) be finished

8.2 Kbtpy;yhj Kbtw;w moo - Dea - veal -- law - thuh infinite, endless, without end

8.3 Kbthf moo - Dea - vaw - huh conclusively

8.4 Kbthd moo - Dea - vaw - nuh final, ultimate

8.5 KbT moo - Dea - vö end, conclusion

8.6 KbT nra; moo - Dea - vö sehyy conclude (combo verb)

9. KOikahf moo - Ļoo - muh - yaw - huh fully, completely

February 11, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 49b - Destruction


1 mb uh - dea smite, lash; defeat, overcome

mbf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 Kwpab moo - Rea - yuh - dea foil, bring to nothing (combo verb)

Kwpabf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. mop uh - Ļea destroy, demolish, ruin, erase (transitive)

mopf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.1 mop uh - Ļea decay, be demolished, be destroyed (intransitive)

mopa> fpwJ> e;jJ> mopAk;

2.2 mopT uh - Ļea - vö destruction

3. Co; oooĻ grow old, decay, spoil

Co;f;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> f;Fk;

3.1 Coyp ooo - Ļuh - lea become spoiled, become decayed

Coypf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> f;Fk;

3.2 Coy; ooo - Ļal corruption, decay

4. NfL ké - Dö ruin, destruction; damage, harm, injury

5. rPuop see - ruh - Ļea ruin, demolish

rPuopf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6. jfu; thuh - har break, shatter, rupture; strike

jfu;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 jfU jfu; thuh - ha - rö be broken, be shattered, be mangled

jfu> fpwJ> jfUe;jJ> jfUk;

7. JU thoo - rö rust, verdigris

8. epu;%yk; epU%yk; ñir -- mooo - lum utter destruction, extirpation

8.1 epu;%ykhf;F ñir -- mooo - luh - mawk -- kö to destroy totally (combo verb)

8.2 epu;%ykhF ñir -- mooo - luh - maw - hö be totally destroyed (combo verb)

9. Kwp moo - Rea break, separate in two (transitive)

Kwpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9.1 Kwp moo - Rea break, part in two (intransitive)

Kwpa> fpwJ> e;jJ> KwpAk;

9.2 Kwp moo - Rea piece (metal); written bond

March 21, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 49c - Life & Death


1. ,w œ - Ruh pass by, go beyond; die; become obsolete

,wf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 ,wg;G œ - Rup – pö death, dying, extinction

2. capu; oo - year life

2.1 capUs;s oo - yea - rooL -- Luh alive, living

2.2 capNuhL oo - yea - rô - Dö alive, living

2.3 capu; oo - year live, come to life, revive

capu;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.4 capu;j;njOjy; oo - yearth -- theh - Ļoo - thal resurrection

2.5 capu;j;njOg;G oo - yearth -- theh - Ļoop -- pö resurrect

capu;j;njOg;g> fpNwd;> capu;j;njOg;gpNdd;> Ntd;

3. vOg;G eh - Ļoop -- pö awake, raise up; resurrect (transitive)

vOg;g> fpNwd;> vOg;gpNdd;> Ntd;

4. xa; oyy pass away, depart; cease

xa> fpNwd;> Njd;> Ntd;

5. fy;yiw kal – luh - Reiy tomb

6. rh saw die, perish

rhf> fpNwd;> nrj;Njd;> Ntd;

6.1 nrj;j seth – thuh dead

7. [Ptd; jee - van life; living being

7.1 [Ptp jee - vea living being, creature

8. ghjhsk; paw - thaw - Lum hell, pit

9. Gij poo - theiy bury

Gijf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;;> g;Ngd;

9.1 Gij poo - theiy be buried, be hidden; sink

Gija> fpNwd;> e;Njd;;> Ntd;

9.2 Gijj;jy; poo - theiyth – thal burial, interment

9.3 Gijg;G poo - theiyp – pö burial, interment

9.4 Gijay; poo - theiy - yal that which is hidden, hidden treasure; hiding place

10. kuzk; ma - ruh - Num death

10.1 kuzkil ma - ruh - Nuh - muh - deiy die (i.e. arrive at death) (combo verb)

10.2 kup ma - rea die

kupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;

10.3 kupj;Jg; Ngh ma - reath - thoop pô die (double verb)

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 50 Vocabulary - when

50a - Tests & Trials 50b - Endurance 50c - Prevention 50d - Difficulties, Disasters

50e - Happenings


1. Nrhjp sô - thea test, try, tempt; examine, inspect

Nrhjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 Nrhjid sô - tha - neiy test, trial, temptation

1.2 Nrhjpj;Jg; ghu; sô - theath -- thoop pawr test, test out (double verb)

2. ghPl;ir gupl;ir puh - reeT --cheiy test, trial, examination

Tamil Vocabulary 50b - Endurance


1. rfp suh - hea endure, bear

rfpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 rfpg;Gj;jd;ik suh - heap -- pooth -- than -- meiy endurance, forbearance

2. rkhsp suh - maw - Lea cope with, bear up under, endure

rkhspf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 50c - Prevention


1. vr;rup ech -- cha - rea caution, warn, forewarn (accusative case for ones warned)

Vr;rupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 vr;rupf;if ech -- cha - reak -- keiy warning, admonition; caution, vigilance

1.2 vr;rupf;ifahd ech -- cha - reak -- keiy - yaw - nuh cautious

1.3 vr;rupg;G ech -- cha - reap -- pö warning, admonition; caution, vigilance

2. jL thuh - Dö hinder, stop, prevent, interrupt; oppose; forbid

jLf;f> f;fpNwd; j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;;

2.1 jil thuh - Deiy hindrance, impediment, obstacle

2.2 jil nra; thuh - deiy sehyy hinder, prevent (combo verb)

2.3 jil gz;Z thuh - deiy PuN -- Nö hinder, prevent (combo verb)

3. tpyf;F vih - luk -- kö avert, avoid, ward off; discard, dismis

tpyf;f> fpNwd;> tpyf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

March 27, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary - 50d - Difficulties, Disasters


1. mtjp uh - vuh - thea calamity, disaster; suffering, distress

1.1 mtjpg;gL uh - vuh - theap – puh - Dö suffer, be in distress (combo verb)

2. ,Lf;fz; ih - Dook -- kuN suffering, distress, affliction, tribulation

3. xLf;F o - Dook -- kö oppress

xLf;f> fpNwd;> xLf;fp;Ndd;;> Ntd;

3.1 xLf;Fjy; xLf;FKiw o - Dook -- koo - thal oppression

4. nfhs;is koL -- Leiy plunder, spoil, pillage

4.1 nfhs;isNeha; koL - Leiy - ñôyy plague, pestilence

5. rq;flk; sung -- guh - Dum difficulty, problem, embarrassment

6. jtp thuh - vea be distressed (for want of food, water, etc.)

jtpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;;> g;Ngd;

7. Jd;gk; thoon -- bum suffering, affliction, pain

7.1 Jd;gg;gL thoon -- bup -- puh - Dö suffer, be persecuted, be afflicted (combo verb)

7.2 Jd;GWj;jy; thoon -- boo - Rooth -- thal persecution, affliction

7.3 Jd;GWj;J thoon -- boo - Rooth -- thö persecute, cause affliction

Jd;GWj;j> fpNwd;> Jd;GWj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

8. njhe;juT thôñ -- thuh - ruh - vö trouble, vexation

9. njhy;iy thol - leiy trouble, difficulty

9.1 njhy;iyg;gLj;J thol -- leiyp -- puh - Dooth -- thö trouble, vex, make trouble for (combo verb)

10. gQ;rk; pugn -- jum famine, scarcity

11. gpur;rpid gpur;id pih - ruch - chea - neiy problem

12. G+kpajpu;r;rp pooo - mea - yuh - thearch -- chee earthquake

13. tpgj;J vih - buth - thö accident, calamity, misfortune

14. nts;sk; vœL -- Lum flood, inundation; abundance

Tamil Vocabulary 50e - Happenings


1. rk;gtk; sum -- buh - vum event, occurrence

1.1 rk;gtp sum -- buh - vea happen, befall, occur

rk;gtpf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> f;Fk;

2. epfo; ñih - huĻ happen, take place, occur

epfo> fpwJ> e;jJ> epfOk;

2.1 epfo;r;rp ñih - huĻch -- chea event; program (of events), session

2.2 epfo;r;rp epuy; ñih - huĻch -- chea ñih- ral program (of events)

3. epuy; ñih - ral program, order, arrangement

4. NeupL ñé - rea - dö happen, take place, occur

Neupl> fpwJ> Neupl;lJ> NeupLk;

August 12, 2014

Tamil Lesson # 51- Vocabulary - if

51a - Communication 51b - Praise & Commendation 51c - Criticism & Scorn 51d - Discontent

Tamil Vocabulary 51a - Communication


1. milahsk; uh - Deiy - yaw - Lum mark, sign, symbol, representation

1.1 milahskhd milahs uh - Deiy - yaw - Luh - maw - nuh symbolic, representative

1.2 milahsk; fz;Lnfhs; uh- Deiy - yaw - Lum kuN – Doo - hoL recognize, identify (combo + double verb)

2. Miz aw - Neiy oath

3. MNyhrp aw - lô - sea take counsel, consult; deliberate, ponder

MNyhrpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 MNyhrid aw - lô - sa -neiy counsel, suggestion

3.2 MNyhrid $W aw - lô - sa - neiy kooo - Rö counsel, suggest (combo verb)

3.3 MNyhrid $Wgtu; aw - lô - sa - neiy kooo - Roo - puh - var counselor

3.4 fye;jhNyhrp ka - luñ -- thaw - lô - sea discuss (double verb)

3.5 fye;jhNyhrpg;G ka - luñ -- thaw - lô - seap – pö discussion

3.6 fye;JNgR ka - luñ -- thoo - bé - sö discuss (double verb)

4. fj;J kuth -- thö scream, shout; yelp; caw; bray

fj;j> fpNwd;> fj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

5. FWf;fpL koo - Rook -- kea - Dö interrupt; interfere

FWf;fpl> fpNwd;> FWf;fpl;Nld;> Ntd;

6. $f;Fuy; koook – koo - ral clamour; outcry, uproar

6.1 $f;FuypL koook – koo - ra - lea - Doo shout, cry out (combo verb)

7. $g;gpL kooop -- pih - Dö call, call out, invite

$g;gpl> fpNwd> $g;gpl;Nld;> Ntd;

8. rpd;dk; sin -- num mark, sign, token, logo; minuteness

9. #o;r;rp soooĻch - chea deliberation; consultation; contrivance, scheme

10. jfty; thuh - huh - val proper reply; information

11. ju;f;fk; jUf;fk; thark -- kum argument, reasoning; disputation, contention

11.1 ju;f;fk;gz;Z thark -- kum puN - Nö dispute, argue (combo verb)

11.2 ju;f;fp jUf;fp thark -- kea argue, dispute; debate

ju;f;fpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

12. Gj;jpkjp pooth -- thea - muh - thea advice, instruction

13. Ngl;b péT -- Tea interview

13.1 Ngl;b fhz; péT -- Tea kawN interview (transitive) (combo verb)

14. koiy muh - Ļuh - leiy prattling of children, gentle speech

15. nkhop mo - Ļea language; word, saying; expression

15.1 gonkhop puh - Ļuh - mo - Ļea proverb

15.2 nkhopngau; mo - Ļea - peh - yar translate, interpret

nkhopngau;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

15.3 nkhopngau;g;G mo - Ļea -peh - yarp -- pö translation, interpretation

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary - continued Communication

16. thjk; vaw - thum disputation, argument; discussion; wind, air

16.1 thf;Fthjk; vawk -- koo - vaw - thum disputation, argument, quarrel

16.2 thf;Fthjk; nra; vawk -- koo - vaw - thum sehyy dispute, argue, quarrel (“eadum” for “with”)(combo)

16.3 thjhL vaw - thaw - Dö argue, dispute

thjhl> fpNwd;> thjhbNdd> Ntd;

16.4 tpthjk; vih - vaw - thum dispute, verbal contention; issue; lawsuit

16.5 tpthjp vih - vaw - thea argue, contend, claim

tpthjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 51b - Praise & Commendation


1. Jjp thoo - thea praise

Jjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 Jjp thoo - thea praise, adulation; eulogy

2. ghuhl;L ghuhl;Ljy; paw - rawT -- Tö praise, commendation, applause

2.1 ghuhl;L paw - rawT -- Tö congratulate, commend; claim

ghuhl;l> fpNwd;> ghuhl;bNdd;> Ntd;

3. Gfo; GfO poo - huĻ praise, extol, laud; applaud

Gfo> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

3.1 Gfo; Gfo;r;rp poo - huĻ praise, adulation, fame

3.2 Gfo;ngw;w poo - huĻ -- peT -- Truh famous, well-known, adulated

4. Nghw;W pôT -- TRö appreciate, treat with regard; praise

Nghw;w> fpNwd;> Nghw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

5. tho;j;J vawĻth -- thö congratulate, praise, applaud

tho;j;j> fpNwd;> tho;j;jpNdd;> Ntd;

5.1 tho;j;J vawĻth -- thoo blessing, good wishes; congratulations

5.2 tho;j;Jf;fs; vawĻth -- thook –kuL congratulations!

Tamil Vocabulary 51c - Criticism & Scorn


1. Vsdk; œ - La - num reproach, contempt

2. Nfyp nra; ké - lea sehyy ridicule, mock at, laugh at (combo verb)

3. epe;jp ñiñ - thea insult, vilify

epe;jpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 epe;ij ñiñ - theiy reproach, abuse; blasphemy

4. gupahrk; pa - rea - yaw - sum ridicule

4.1 gupahrf;fhud; pa - rea - yaw - suk -- kaw- ran ridiculer

July 28, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 51d - Discontent

5. gop puh - Ļea blame; fault; guilt; disparagement

5.1 gop puh - Ļea disparage, revile, taunt, reproach

gopf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;;> g;Ngd;

5.2 gopf;Fg;gop nra; puh - Ļeak-- koop – puh - Ļea sehyy retaliate; get even (combo verb)

5.3 gopf;Fg;gopthq;F puh - Ļeak-- koop – puh - Ļea - vawng - guh retaliate; get even (combo verb)

5.4 gopNghL puh - Ļea - bô - Dö charge (with guilt) (combo verb)


1. Fiw $W koo - Reiy kooo - Rö complain, criticize, accuse (combo verb)

2. KZKZ moo - Noo - moo - Nö mutter, murmur, complain

KZKZf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.1 KZKZg;G moo - Noo - moo - Noop -- pö muttering, murmuring, complaining

3. KWKW moo - Roo - moo - Rö murmur, grumble

KWKWf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

March 28, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 52- Vocabulary - Time Clauses

52a - 2nd List of Time Words 52b - Age


1. mg;Gwk; up -- poo - Rum afterwards, later

2. ,bg;gjw;F ih - deap -- puh - thuT -- kö to (a gerund, used as posposition with a number for telling time)

3. ,dp ih - nea now, from now on, henceforth

3.1 ,dpAk; ih - nea - yoom ever after, anymore

3.2 ,dpNky; ih - nea - mél hereafter, thereafter

3.3 ,dpNkYk; ih - nea - mé - loom any longer, no longer

4. fhyk; kaw - lum season, time; tense (in grammar)

4.1 fhyj;jpy; kaw - luth -- theal during (a postposition, with nominative case)

4.2 fhyg;gFjp kaw - lup -- puh - hoo - thea time period

4.3 jw;fhyj;jpy; jw;NghJ thuT -- kaw - luth -- theal at the present time

4.4 Kw;fhyj;jpy; mooT -- kaw - luth -- theal in former times

4.5 Kw;fhyk; mooT -- kaw - lum antiquity, former times

5. re;ju;g;gk; suñ -- tharp -- pum circumstance, opportunity, occasion

6. rkak; suh - muh - yum time, moment, occasion

6.1 rpyrkak; sih - luh -suh - muh - yum sometimes

6.2 rkaj;jpy; suh - muh - yuth -- theal while, during the time that

(conjunction, takes a relative participle in its clause)

7. ePb nhee - dea lengthen (time) ; extend, last (life)

ePbf;f> f;fpwJ> j;J> ePbf;Fk;

8. gpwF pih - Ruh - hö later, afterwards (adverb)

8.1 gpwF gpd; after (conjunctions, requiring a past tense relative participle)

9. gpw;ghL piT -- paw - Dö after, afterwards (an adverb)

10. gpd;G pin -- bö then, afterward, subsequently (adverb)

after (postposition, requiring an “ean’ or a “koo” suffix)

11. NghJ pô - thö during (postposition, takes an “ean” suffix)

12. Ke;J mooñ -- thö take precedence, take the lead; be prior to

Ke;j> fpNwd;> Ke;jpNdd;> Ntd;

12.1 Ke;jp Ke;j moon – thea first, firstly, formerly (adverb)

12.2 Ke;jpa Ke;jpd Ke;ija mooñ -- thea - yuh prior, former, preceding, earlier, previous

13. Kd;; moon front; before (postposition - dative with “koo” suffix)

13.1 Kd;$l;bNa moon -- koooT – Tea - yé in advance, before

13.2 Kd; nry; nry;Y moon sel precede (combo verb)

13.3 Kd;ghf moon -- baw - huh before, ago (postposition, with “koo” suffix)

13.4 Kd;Ng Kd;G moon -- bé before, ago (postposition, with dative (koo) or nominative)

13.5 Kd;djhf moon -- nuh - thaw - huh early

13.6 Kd;dNu moon -- na - ré before, in advance

13.7 Kd;dhd moon -- naw - nuh prior

13.8 Kd;dNk Kd;Ng> Kd;G moon -- nuh - mé before (conjunction, takes an infinitive in its clause)

13.9 Kd;Ndhu; moon -- nôr ancestor

May 17, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 52a - Time Words (continued)

14. Afk; yoo - hum age, epoch

15. tuyhW va - ra - law - Rö circumstances, order of events, history

16 tiu va - reiy up to, til, until (postposition, complement in nominative case)

16.1 tiuf;Fk; tiuapy; va - reiyk -- koom til, until (conjunction, takes an infinitive with “oom” ending )

(postposition with the nominative case)

16.2 tiuapYk; va - reiy - yea - loom right up until (conjunction, takes infinitive with “oom” suffix)

(postposition with the nominative case)

17. tha;g;G vawyyp -- pö opportunity, chance

18. Ntis vœ - Leiy time, opportunity

Tamil Vocabulary 52b - Age


1. ,sik ih - Luh - meiy youth

1.1 ,sk; ih - Lum young

1.2 ,isQd; ih - Leiy - gnan youngster, young person

1.3 ,isQhd ih - Leiy - gnaw - nuh young

1.4 ,isa ih - Leiy - yuh young

2. fpok; fpoik kœ - Ļum oldness, old age, senility

(fpoik can also mean: ownership, right, duty, day of the week)

2.1 fpotd; kœ - Ļuh - van old man (also: owner, proprietor)

2.2 fpotp kœ - Ļuh - vea old woman (also: owner, proprietor)

3. Fl;b kooT -- Tea young (adjective, requiring liaison)

little girl, young horse, elephant, dog etc.

4. njhd;ik thon - meiy antiquity

5. etPd ñuh - vee - nuh new, novel, recent, current, modern

5.1 etPdfhy ñuh - vee - nuh - haw - luh modern-day

6. gz;ila puN - Deiy - yuh ancient

7. gUtk; pa - roo - vum time; season; stage of life, youthfulness

7.1 gUtj;jpa pa - roo - vuth -- thea - yuh young (in an early stage of life)

8. gioa puh - Ļeiy - yuh old, worn out (no liaison)

8.1 goikahd puh - Ļuh - meiy - yaw - nuh old, ancient

9. Gjpa poo - thea - yuh new, fresh (no liaison)

9.1 Gjpatd;; poo - thea - yuh - van newcomer

9.2 GJg;gp poo - thoop -- pea renew

GJg;gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10. G+u;t pooor - vuh ancient, early

10.1. G+u;tk; pooor - vum antiquity; priority, precedence

11. Kjpad; Kjpatu; moo - thea - yan older person

July 30, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 52b - Age

12. Kjpu;r;rptha;e;j moo - thearch -- chea - vawyñ -- thuh mature

13. KJik moo - thoo - meiy old age; antiquity

14. % mooo become old, be older, be senior

%f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

14.1 %jhij mooo - thaw - theiy ancestor, forefather

14.2 %j;j moooth -- thuh older, oldest

14.3 %j;jtd; moooth -- thuh - van older one, oldest one

15. taJ vuh - yuh - thö age

15.1 rpWtaJ sœ - Roo - vuh - yuh - thö youth, boyhood

15.2 tajhF vuh - yuh - thaw - hö become old, grow old (combo verb)

15.3 tajhd vuh - yuh - thaw - nuh aged, elderly, older

15.4 taJte;jtu; vuh - yuh - thoo - vuñ -- thuh - var adult

16. tNahjpfk; vuh - yô - thea - hum old age, gray hairs

16.1 tNahjpgkil vuh - yô - thea - buh - muh - Deiy grow old

17. thypak; vaw - lea - yum youth, juvenility

17.1 thypgd; vaw - lea - ban young person, a youth

May 10, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 53- Vocabulary - listening and hearing

53a - Sound 53b - Wet & Dry 53c - Weather & Atmosphere


1. mku; mkU uh - mar be or become quiet, still, calm

mku> fpNwd;> mku;e;Njd;> Ntd;

1.1 mku;j;J uh - marth -- thö make quiet, quell, mitigate, appease

mku;j;j> fpNwd;> mku;j;jpNdd;> Ntd;

2. mikjp uh - meiy - thea quietude, stillness, calmness

2.1 mikjpg;gLj;J uh - meiy - theap – puh - Dooth – thö make calm, calm down (combo verb)

2.2 mikjpahd uh - meiy - thea - yaw - nuh quiet, still, calm

3. Muthuk; aw - ruh - vaw - rum loud noise, clamour; ostentation

4. ,ir ih - seiy sound, melody, music

5. ,iur;ry; ih - reiych -- chal noise, uproar

6. ,d;dpir in -- nea - seiy melody, music

7. vf;fhsk; ek -- kaw - Lum trumpet, cornet

8. $r;ry; koooch -- chal great noise; outcry

9. rj;jk; suth -- thum sound

9.1 rj;jkhd suth -- thuh - maw - nuh noisy

9.2 rj;jkpl;L $W suth -- thuh - meaT -- Too kooo - Rö cry out (double verb)

9.3 rj;jkpl;L nrhy; suth -- thuh - meaT -- Tö sol cry out, make a noise (double verb)

10. ru;r;rp ru;[p sarch -- chea roar (as a wild animal)

ru;r;rpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

11. rha; sawyy cause to lean, incline, tilt; induce bias

rha;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

11.1 rha; sawyy incline, lean, tend toward

rha> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;


12.1 nrtp nfhL seh - vea ko - Dö listen, give ear (combo verb)

12.2 nrtp rha; seh - vea sawyy listen, incline the ear (combo verb)

13. jhiu thaw - reiy trumpet

14. njhdp tho - nea sound, noise; peal; tone

14.1 njhdp tho - nea sound, intonate (vocal or musical sounds)

njhdpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

15. nksdk; mow - num silence, muteness, taciturnity

15.1 nksdkhd mow - nuh - maw - nuh silent, mute, taciturn

Tamil Vocabulary 53b - Wet & Dry


1. <uk; ee - rum wet, moisture, humidity, dampness

1.1 <ukpy;yhj ee - ruh - meal - law - thuh dry, without moisture

2. cyu; cyU oo - lar become dry, wither; pine away, droop

cyu> fpwJ> cyu;e;jJ cyUk;

June 17, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 53b - Wet & Dry (continued)

2.1 cyu;e;j oo - larñ – thuh dry, dried

2.2 cyu;j;J oo - larth – thö dry, cause to dry

cyu;j;j> fpNwd;> cyu;j;jpNdd; Ntd;

3. fha; kawyy be heated, be warmed, be dried

fha> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

4. tw vuh - Ruh dry; grow lean; shrink

twf;f> f;fpwJ> e;jJ twf;Fk;

4.1 twl;L vuh - RuT- Tö dry up, evaporate (intransitive); parch, scorch (transitive)

twl;l> fpNwd;> twl;bNdd; Ntd;

4.2 twz;l vuh - RuN -- Duh dry

4.3 tw;wpg;ghd vuT -- TReap - paw - nuh grown dry, dried up

4.4 tw;W vuT -- TRö grow dry, dry up, wither (intransitive)

tw;w> fpNwd;> tw;wpNdd; Ntd;

Tamil Vocabulary 53c - Weather & Atmosphere


1. Mfhak; Mfhrk; aw - haw - yum air, sky

2. CJ ooo - thö blow (transitive & intransitive)

Cj> fpNwd;> CjpNdd;> Ntd;

3. fy;kio kal - muh - Ļeiy hail

4. fhw;W kawT -- TRö wind, air

5. Rw;Wr;#oy; sooT -- TRooch -- chooo - Ļal environment

6. gdp pa - nea dew, mist

6.1 ciwgdp oo - Reiy - pa - nea frost, snow

6.2 %Lgdp mooo - Doo - pa - nea fog

7. gpusak; pih - ruh - Luh - yum destruction, flood

7.1 [yg;gpusak; ja - lup -- pea - ruh - Luh - yum deluge, flood

8. Gay; poo - yal storm, gale, tempest

9. nga; pehyy strew, scatter; shed (tears) (transitive meanings)

nga;a> fpNwd;> nga;;Njd;> Ntd; fall (rain) (intransitive meanings)

10. Kof;fk; moo - Ļuk -- kum thunder; roaring; clamour

10.1 ,b Kof;fk; ih - dea moo - Luk -- kum thunder

11. thA vaw - yö air, wind

11.1 thA kz;lyk; vaw - yö muN – Da - lum atmosphere

12. thdtpy; vaw - nuh - veal rainbow

13. thdpiy vaw - mea - leiy weather

14. tPR vee - sö emit (rays); blow (wind) (intransitive meanings)

tPr> fpNwd;> tPrpNdd;> Ntd; throw, fling, strew (transitive meanings)

15. nts;sk; vouL -- Lum flood, inundation; abundance

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 54- Vocabulary - because, since, therefore, so

54a - Because 54b - Pride & Humility 54c - Vice


1. mjdhy; uh - tha - nawl so, consquently

2. mjd;fhuzkhf uh - than -- gaw - ruh - Nuh - maw - huh for that (this) reason; therefore

3. mg;gbahdhy; up -- puh - dea - yaw - nawl then, so

4. MfNt aw - huh - vé therefore

5. Mifahy; aw - heiy - yawl so, therefore

6. Mdgbahy; aw - nuh - buh - Dea -yawl therefore, so

7. ,Ug;gjhy; ih - roop -- puh - thawl because (a conjunction, used with an infinitive)

8. vdNt eh - nuh - vé so, thus, therefore

9. vd;gjhy; en -- buh - thawl because (conjunction, conjugated verb in its clause)

10. Vnddpy; é - neh - neal because (conjunction, begins its clause)

10.1 vg;gbnad;why; ep -- puh - dea - yen -- DRawl because (conjunction, begins its clause)

10.2 Vndd;why; é - nen -- DRawl because (conjunction, begins its clause)

11. fhuzk; kaw - ruh - Num cause, reason

11.1 fhuzfu;j;jh kaw - ruh - Nuh - harth -- thaw chief agent, Supreme Being

11.2 fhuzj;jpdhy; kaw - ruh - Nuth -- thea - nawl because (a conjunction, requires a relative participle)

11.3 fhuzkhf kaw - ruh - Nuh - maw - huh because of (postposition, requires an “ean” suffix)

12. epkpj;jk; ñih - meath -- thum cause, reason, motive;

on account of (postposition, ‘ean’ suffix)

13. gbahy; gbapdhy; puh - Dea - yawl since, because (a conjunction, requires a relative participle)

14. nghUl;L pô - rooT -- Tö on account of (a postposition, with the “ean” suffix)

15. kpj;jk; mith -- thum on account of (a postposition, with the “ean” suffix)

16. tpis vih - Leiy become, be formed; result

tpisa> fpwJ> tpise;jJ> Ak;;

16.1 tpistp vih - Leiy - vea cause; result in

tpistpf;f f;fpwJ> j;J> f;Fk;;

16.2 tpisT vih - Leiy - vö result, consequence

16.3 tpisthf vœ - Leiy - vaw - huh as a result of (postposition with the nom. or gen. case)

Tamil Vocabulary 54b - Pride & Humility


1. mfe;ij uh - huñ -- theiy pride, self-conceit, arrogance

2. fu;tk; fUtk; kar- vum insolence, haughtiness, arrogance

3. nrUf;F seh - rook -- kö haughtiness, pride, arrogance

3.1 nrUf;fhd seh - rook -- kaw - nuh haughty, proud, arrogant

3.2 nrUf;Fs;s seh - rook -- kooL -- Luh haughty, proud, arrogant

April 18, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 54b - Pride & Humility (continued)

4. jho;ik thawĻ - meiy humility, lowliness of mind

4.1 jho;ikahd thawĻ - meiy - yaw - nuh humble

4.2 kdj;jho;ik ma - nuth -- thawĻ - meiy humility

4.3 kdj;jho;ikahd ma - nuth -- thawĻ -- meiy - yaw - nuh humble

4.4 kdj;jho;ikAs;s ma - nuth -- thawĻ -- meiy - yooL -- Luh humble

5. gzpthd gzpTs;s puh - Nea - vaw - nuh humble, modest

6. ngUikAs;s peh - roo - meiy - yooL -- Luh proud, arrogant

Tamil Vocabulary 54c - Vice


1. mf;fpukk; uk -- kea - ruh - mum lawlessness, disorder, injustice; trespass

2. ,opthd ih - Ļea - vaw - nuh mean, base

3. xOf;ff;NfL o - Ļook -- kuk -- ké - Dö immorality

3.1 xOf;ff;Nflhd o - Ļook -- kuk -- ké - Daw - nuh immoral

4. fLik kuh - Doo - meiy harshness, severity, cruelty; hardness

4.1 fLikahd kuh - Doo - meiy - yaw - nuh harsh, severe, cruel; intense; hard, stern

5. fglk; fgL kuh - buh - Dum fraud, deceit

5.1 fglw;w kuh - buh - DuT -- Truh innocent, guileless

6. fUf;fiyg;G ka - rook -- ka - leiyp -- pö abortion

7. fsT kuh - Luh - vö theft, stealing; deceit, clandestine or illicit acts

7.1 fsT nra; kuh - Luh - vö sehyy steal (combo verb)

8. fw;gopg;G kuT -- puh - Ļeap -- pö rape

9. fd;dk; kan – num cheek; an instrument for breaking into houses

9.1 fd;df;fhud; kan – nuk – kaw - ran burglar

9.1 fd;df;Nfhy; kan – nuk – kôl an instrument for breaking in

9.1 fd;dkpL kan – nuk – kaw - ran break in, commit burglary (combo verb)

10. Fbntwp koo - Dea - vœ - Rea drunkenness

10.1 Fbntwpad; koo - Dea - veh - Rea - yan drunkard

11. Fw;w Fw;wkhd kooT -- TRuh criminal (adjective)

12. nfL keh - Dö be bad, be evil; be ruined; perish

nfl> fpNwd;> nfl;Nld;> Ntd;;

12.1 nfl;l keT -- Tuh bad, evil

13. nfhLik ko - Doo - meiy harshness, cruelty

13.1 nfhba ko - Dea - yuh harsh, severe; cruel

13.2 nfhLikahd ko - Doo - meiy - yaw - nuh cruel, harsh

13.3 nfh^ukhd ko - Dooo - ruh - maw - nuh cruel

13.4 nfh^uk; ko - Dooo - rum cruelty, harshness

14. nfhy; nfhy;Y kol kill, slay, murder

nfhy;y> fpNwd;> nfhd;Nwd;> Ntd;

14.1 nfhiyfhud; ko - leiy - haw - ran murderer

January 2, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 54c - Vice (continued)

15. #jhL sooo - thaw -Dö gamble

#jhl> fpNwd;> #jhbNdd;> Ntd;

16. jpUL thih - roo - Dö rob, steal

jpUl> fpNwd;> jpUbNdd;> Ntd;

16.1 jpUld; thih - roo - Dan thief

16.2 jpUl;L thih - rooT -- Tö theft

17. jP thee evil, wicked (also: fire; sweet)

17.1 jPq;fhd theeng - gaw - nuh harmful

17.2 jPq;F theeng - gö evil; harm

17.3 jPq;F nra; theeng - gö sehyy hurt, injure, do harm (a “koo” suffix on its noun) (combo verb)

17.4 jPik thee - meiy evil; wickedness

17.5 jPikahd thee - meiy - yaw - nuh evil; wicked

17.6 jPa thee - yuh evil; harmful

17.7 jPNahd; plural - jPNahu; thee - yôn wicked one

18. Jd;khu;f;fk; thoon -- mawrk -- kum wicked life, vice, wickedness

18.1 Jd;khu;f;fkhd thoon -- mawrk -- kuh - maw - nuh wicked

18.2 Jd;khu;f;fd; thoon -- mawrk -- kan wicked one

19. ePrk; ñee - sum meanness, vileness, cruelty, barbarity

19.1 ePrj;jkhd ñee - suth -- thuh - maw -nuh mean, vile, cruel, barbarous

20. ghtk; paw - vum sin

20.1 ghtKs;s paw - vuh - mooL -- Luh sinful

20.2 ghtk; nra; paw - vum sehyy sin (combo verb)

20.3 ghtp paw - vea sinner

21. gprhR pih - saw - sö devil

22. nghy;yhj nghy;yh pol -- law - thuh bad, wicked, evil

22.1 nghy;yhq;F nghy;yhg;G pol -- lawng -- gö evil, vice, wickedness

23. Nkhrk; mô - sum deceit, cunning, treachery

23.1 Nkhrb mô - suh - dea fraud

23.2 Nkhrk;gz;Z mô - sum -- puN – Nö deceive, mislead (combo verb)

23.3 Nkhrk;Ngh mô - sum -- pô be deceived, be misled, be mistaken (combo verb)

24. tQ;rp vugn -- chea deceive, defraud

tQ;rpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;NNjd;> g;Ngd;

24.1 tQ;rfd; vugn – chuh - han deceiver

24.2 tQ;rdk; vugn – cha - num deceit, fraud

24.3 tQ;ridahd vugn – cha - nii - yaw - nuh deceitful, fraudulent

25. td;Kiw van -- moo - Reiy violence

26. tpgrhuk; vih - buh - saw - rum adultery

27. tpid vih - neiy action, deed; evil deed; deceit

27.1 tpidikahd vih - neiy - meiy - yaw - nuh grave, serious

28. Ntrpj;jdk; vé - seath - tha - num fornication

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 55- Vocabulary - rather than, instead of

55a - Rather, Instead 55b - Birth 55c - Marriage 55d - Celebration & Ceremony

55e - Decorate, Adorn 55f - Fun & Games


1. gjpyhf puh - thea - law - huh instead of (postposition, its noun takes a “koo” suffix)

2. tpUk;gpj; njupe;Jnfhs; vih - room -- beath theh - reañ -- thoo - koL choose (because of preference) (double verb)

Tamil Vocabulary 55b - Birth


1. rpR plural - rpRf;fs; sea - sö infant

1.1 rpRg;gUtk; sih - soop -- pa - roo - vum infancy

2. gpw pœ - Ruh be born, be produced, be derived from

gpwf;f> f;fpwJ> e;jJ> gpwf;Fk; (pers. endings if subject is the one born, impers. if giving birth )

2.1 gpwe;jehs; pih - Ruñ -- thuh - ñawL birthday

2.2 gpwg;gp pœ - Rup -- pea originate, propagate, produce (children)

gpwg;gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.3 Kjw;nfhz;L moo - thuT – koN -- Dö since (i.e. from then onward)(posposition - nominative case)

2.4 Kjw;gpwe;j moo - thuT -- Pœ - Ruñ -- thuh firsborn

2.5 Kjw;Ngwhd moo - thuT -- Pœ - Raw - nuh firsborn

3. ngw;nwL pœT -- TReh - Dö give birth to (with the accusative case)

ngw;nwLf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 55c - Marriage


1. jpUkzk; thih - roo - muh - Num marriage, wedding

2. tpjit vih - thuh - veiy widow

3. tpthfk; vih - vaw - hum marriage

4. tpthfk; nra; vih - vaw - hum sehyy marry (combo verb)

5. tpthfuj;J vih - vaw - ha - ruth -- thö divorce

Tamil Vocabulary 55d - Celebration, Ceremony


1. mgpN\fk; uh - bea - shé - hum ceremonial anointing or bathing

1.1 mgpN\fk; gz;Z uh - bea - shé - hum puN -- Nö anoint (combo verb)

2. Mrupg;G aw - sa - reap – pö celebration, observance

3. nfhz;lhl;lk; koN -- DawT -- Tum celebration, festivity, observance

3.1 nfhz;lhL koN -- Daw - Dö celebrate, observe

nfhz;lhl> fpNwd;> ...bNdd;> Ntd;

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 55d - Celebration, Ceremony (continued)

4. rlq;F suh - Dung -- gö ceremony

5. jpUehs; thih - roo - ñawL holiday; religious festival

6. gz;bif puN -- Dea - heiy festival, celebration

7. tpoh vih - Ļaw festival, festivity

Tamil Vocabulary 55e - Decorate, Adorn


1. rpwg;gp sih - Rup -- pea adorn, beautify, magnify, make prominent

rpwg;gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. jPl;L theeT -- Tö sharpen; clean; write; paint, draw (pictures)

jPl;l> fpNwd;> jPl;bNdd;;> Ntd;

3. gfl;L puh - huT -- Tö ostentation, showy display

3.1 gfl;lhd puh - huT -- Taw - nuh ostentatious, showy

4. G+R pooo - sö daub, smear, plaster; paint


5. tu;zk; var - Num colour, hue

Tamil Vocabulary 55f - Fun & Games


1. fl;rp kuT - chea team, party, faction, side

2. rhtfhrk; saw - vuh - haw - sum leisure, convenience, opportunity

3. jpiug;glk; thih - reiyp -- puh - Dum movie

4. nghOJNghf;F po - Ļoo - thoo - bôk -- kö recreation, amusement

5. tpLKiw vih - Doo - moo - Reiy vacation, holiday

6. tpisahL vœ - leiy - yaw - Dö play, frolic

tpisahl> fpNwd;> tpisahbNdd;> Ntd;;;

6.1 tpisahl;L vœ - leiy - yawT -- Tö game

6.2 tpisahl;Lg; nghUs; vœ - leiy - yawT -- Toop po - rooL toy

7. Ntbf;if vé - deak -- keiy amusement, fun; spectacle, entertaining show

7.1 Ntbf;ifahd vé - deak -- keiy - yaw - nuh fun, funny (causing amusement)

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 56- Vocabulary - the passive voice

56a - Asleep & Awake 56b - Order & Arrangement 56c - Condition, Appearance


1. vOg;G œ - Ļoop -- pö wake up, rouse; raise, resurrect (transitive verb)

vOg;g> fpNwd;> vOg;gpNdd;> Ntd;

1.1 vOk;G eh - Ļoom -- bö wake up, rise, ascend (intransitive verb)

vOk;g> fpNwd;> vOk;gpNdd;> Ntd;

1.2 fl;bnaOg;G kuT -- Tea - yeh - Ļoop -- pö upbuild, uplift (double verb)

2. ,isg;ghW ih - Leiyp – paw - Rö rest, take a rest

3. nrhg;gdk; sop -- pa - num dream; illusion

4. J}q;F thooong -- gö hang; nod off, be drowsy, sleep

J}q;f> fpNwd;> J}q;fpNdd;> Ntd;

5. epj;jpiu ñith -- thea - reiy sleep, drowsiness

5.1 epj;jpiu nra; ñith -- thea - reiy sehyy sleep (combo verb)

6. gL puh - dö lie down, sleep

gLf;f> f;fpNwd> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7. tpop vœ - Ļea watch; awake from sleep; open the eyes

tpopf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 56b - Order & Arrangement


1. ml;ltiz uT -- Tuh - vuh - Neiy schedule, index, catalogue

2. mikg;G uh - meiyp -- pö organization, structure, arrangement; institution

3. Vw;ghL œT -- paw - Dö appointment, arrangement, engagement

3.1 Vw;ghL nra; œT -- paw - Dö sehyy provide, make provision, arrange (combo verb)

4. xOq;F o - Ļoong -- gö order, organization, system

4.1 xOq;FgLj;jp it o - Ļoong -- goo - buh - Dooth -- thea vii set in order, organize, arrange (double verb)

4.2 xOq;FgLj;J o - Ļoong -- goo - buh - Dooth -- thö set in order, organize, arrange (combo verb)

4.3 xOq;FKiw o - Ļoong -- goo - moo - Reiy system of things

5. fpukk; kih - ruh - mum order, propriety

6. eL ñuh - Dö plant (set a tree, sow a seed); set up, establish

el> fpNwd;> el;Nld;> Ntd;

6.1 ehl;L ñawT -- Tö plant, establish, set up

ehl;l> fpNwd;> ehl;bNdd;> Ntd;

7. nghWg;G po - Roop -- pö responsibility

7.1 nghWg;ghsp po - Roop -- paw - Lea the one responsible

7.2 nghWg;Gs;s po - Roop -- pooL – Luh responsible

8. tupir va - rea - seiy order, regularity; row, series

9. tpjp vih - thea appoint, institute, enact

tpjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

April 9, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 56c - Condition, Appearance


1. me;j];J uñ -- thuss -- thö condition, status

2. fhz; kawN see, view, behold, perceive; experience

fhz> fhz;fpNwd;> fz;Nld;> fhz;Ngd;

2.1 fhzg;gL kaw - Nup -- puh - Dö appear, be seen, be perceived (combo verb)

3. juprdk; thuh - rea - sa - num vision, appearance

4. rhf;Fg;Nghf;F sawk -- koop -- pôk -- kö pretext, excuse

5. Njhw;wk; thôT -- TRum appearance

5.1 Njhw;W thôT -- TRö appear, become visible; come into existence, originate

Njhw;w> fpNwd;> Njhw;wpNdd;> Ntd; (usually with impersonal endings and agent in dative case)

5.2 Njhd;W thôn -- DRö seem, appear

Njhd;w> fpNwd;> Njhd;wpNdd;> Ntd;irregular impersonal past tense - Njhd;wpw;W

6. epiy ñih - leiy state, condition; situation; position, station

6.1 #o;epiyfs; soooĻ -- ñih - leiy - huL circumstances

6.2 epiyik ñih - leiy - meiy condition, situation, state

6.3 epiyahd ñih - leiy - yaw - nuh steady, regular

7. ghtfk; ghtk; paw - vuh - hum natural state, state of being; propensity, disposition

8. kha;khyk; mawyy - maw - lum pretense, dissimulation, hypocrisy

June 19, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 57- Vocabulary - Using Past Participles / Double Verbs

57a - Around the Community 57b - Occupations


1. mf;fk;gf;fk; uk -- kum - buk -- kum neighbourhood

1.1 mf;fk;gf;fj;jhu; uk -- kum -- buk -- kuth -- thawr neighbour

2. mk;gyk; um - buh - lum open square, open place for a public assembly

3. MRg;gj;jpup aw - soop -- puth -- thea - rea hospital

4. ,uapy; epiyak; ih - ruh - yeal ñih - leiy - yum train station

5. fil kuh - Deiy shop, store

6. fy;Y}up kal -- looo - rea college

7. ru;f;f]; sark -- kuss circus

8. rhiy saw - leiy a large building or room for public purposes

9. rpy;yiw sil -- luh - Reiy sundries (various small inexpensive items)

9.1 rpy;yiwf;fil sil -- luh -- Reiyk -- kuh - Deiy variety store

10. Rw;Wg;Gwk; sooT – Troop - poo - Rum surrounding area, neighbourhood

11. n[ghyak; jeh - baw - luh - yum synagogue

12. ehlfrhiy ñaw - Duh - huh - saw - leiy drama theatre

13. E}y; epiyak; ñoool ñih - leiy - yum library

14. glkhopif puh - Duh - maw - Ļea - heiy movie theatre

15. gl;liw puT – Tuh - Reiy workshop

16. gz;lfrhiy puN -- Duh - huh - saw - leiy warehouse

17. gy;fiyf;fofk; pal -- ha - leiyk -- kuh - Ļuh - hum university

18. Gj;jfrhiy pooth -- thuh - huh - saw - leiy bookstore; book depot

19. Ngl;il péT -- Teiy suburb

20. kUe;Jf;fil ma - rooñ -- thook -- kuh - Deiy drug store, pharmacy

22. kspiff;fil muh - Lea - heiyk -- kuh - Deiy grocery store

21. kpUff;fhl;rp rhiy mih - roo - huk – kawT – chea saw - leiy zoo

22. tq;fp vung -- gea bank

24. tpkhd epiyak; vih - maw - nuh ñih - leiy - yum airport, aerodrome

25. itj;jparhiy viith -- thea - yuh - saw - leiy hospital

June 25, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 57b - Occupations


1. mjpfhup uh - thea - haw - rea officer

2. cae;jpu ty;Yeu; oo - yuñ - thea - ruh val – loo - ñar mechanic

3. fg;gNyhl;b kup -- pa - lôT -- Tea sailor

4. nrk;gltd;; sem -- buh - Duh -van fisherman

5. jr;rd;; thuch -- chan carpenter

5.1 jr;R Ntiy thuch -- choo vé - leiy carpentry

6. njhopy; tho - Ļeal occupation, work, trade

7. ehtpjd; ñaw - vea - than barber, hairdresser

8. gy; itj;jpau; pal veiyth – thea - yar dentist

9. kPd; gpbg;gtu; meen pih - Deap -- puh - var fisherman

10. nkf;fhdpf; mek -- kaw - neak mechanic (borrowed from English)

11. Nka;g;gu; méhyyp – par shepherd, herdsman

12. Nkyhsd; mé - law - Lan manager

13. Nkdr;ru; mé - nuch - char manager (borrowed from English)

14. tf;fPy;; vuk -- keel lawyer

15. tpahghup vih - yaw - baw - rea merchant

16. tptrhap vih - vuh - saw - yea farmer

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 58- Vocabulary - reflexive pronouns

58a - Reflexive Pronouns 58b - Self


1. ,d;ndhUtUila in -- noh - roo - va - roo - Deiy - yuh one another’s

,d;ndhUtupd;

2. xUtu; kw;nwhUtUila o - roo - var muT -- Troh - roo - va - roo - Deiy - yuh one another’s

Tamil Vocabulary 58b - Self


1. Rje;juk; Rje;jpuk; soo - thuñ -- tha - rum independence, freedom, liberty

1.1 Rje;jpu soo - yuh - thea - ruh independent, free

2. Rak; soo - yum self

2.1 Rajpahfk; soo - yuh - thih - yaw - hum self-sacrifice

2.2 Raeyk; soo - yuh - ña - lum selfishness, self-interest

2.3 Raeykhd soo - yuh - ña - luh - maw - nuh selfish

2.4 RaePjpAs;s soo - yuh - ñee - thea - yooL -- Luh self-righteous

2.5 RahjPdk; soo - yaw - thee - num independence; freedom

3. nrhe;j soñ -- thuh own (adjective, requires a liaison consonant)

3.1 nrhe;jf;fhud; soñ -- thuk - kaw - ran owner, proprietor

3.2 nrhe;jkhff;nfhs; ..nfhs;S soñ -- thuh - maw - huk – kôL own (combo verb)

3.3 nrhe;jkhd soñ -- thuh - maw - nuh belonging (“koo” suffix for “to”)

4. jdp jdpj;j thuh - nea alone, solitary; unique, special

4.1 jdp thuh - nea be alone, be solitary

jdpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4.2 jdp egu; thuh - nea ñuh - bar individual

4.3 jdpg;gl;l thuh - neap – puT – Tuh personal, individual, unique, special, exclusive

4.4 jdpik thuh - nea - meiy solitude, loneliness

4.5 jdpikahf jdpahf thuh - nea - meiy - yaw - huh alone, by oneself

5. jhd; thawn one’s self; himself, herself, itself

5.1 jd; thun his, her, its

5.2 jd;dykw;w thun – na - luh - muT - Truh unselfish, selfless (liaison required)

5.3 jd;dyKs;s thun – na - luh - mooL -- Luh selfish

5.4 jd;dyk; jd;dak; thun – na - lum selfishness

6. egu; ñuh - bar individual, man

7. nghUshir po - roo - Law - seiy covetousness, avarice, greed

8. Ngu; pér great, large

8.1 NguthTs;s pé - ruh - vaw - vooL -- Luh ambitious

8.2 Nguhir pé - raw - seiy greed, avarice

8.3 NguhirAs;s pé - raw - seiy - yooL -- Luh greedy, avaricious

8.4 Nguhty; pé - raw - val

9. nghwhik po - Raw - meiy jealousy, envy

March 28, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 59- Vocabulary - all or nothing

59a - all or nothing


1. midj;Jk; uh - neiyth -- thoom all things, everything (case ending comes before final syllable)

1.1 mitaidj;Jk; ih - veiy - yuh - neiyth -- thoom all those things (case ending comes before the final syllable)

1.2. midtUk; uh - neiy - va - room all persons, everyone (case ending comes before final syllable)

1.3 ,itaidj;Jk; ih - veiy - yuh - neiyth -- thoom all these things (case ending comes before the final syllable)

2. mtdtd; uh - va - nuh - van each one


3.1 cynfq;Fk; oo - luh - heng -- goom worldwide

3.2 vq;Fk; eng -- goom everywhere, anywhere

3.3 vq;NfAk; eng -- gé - yoom everywhere, anywhere

4. vJ eh - thö which (a pronoun)

4.1 vJTk; eh - thoo - voom anything, whichever (negated = “nothing”, “nothing whatsoever”)

5. vg;gb ep -- puh - Dea how

5.1 vg;gbg;gl;l ep -- puh - Deap – puT – Tuh what kind of, the kind of, what sort of, the sort of

5.2 vg;gbAk; ep -- puh - Dea - yoom somehow


6.1 vtUk; eh - va - room anyone, whoever

7. vit eh - veiy which things?

7.1 vitAk; eh - veiy whichever things

8. vt;thW ev -- vaw - Rö in what way, in what manner

9. tpjk; vih - thum manner, way; sort, kind

9.1 vt;tpj ev -- vea - thuh whatever manner of, whatever kind of

(when negated - none whatsoever)

9.2 vt;tpjk; ev -- vea - thum how? (i.e. in what manner? in what way?)

9.3 vt;tpjj;jpYk; ev -- vea - thuh -- thea - loom anyhow, at any rate, in any case

9.4 vt;tpjNkh ev -- vea - thuh -- mô anyway, anyhow (nevertheless)

10. xU o - rö a, one, any (before a word beginning with a syllable letter usually)

10.1 xUj;jd; o - rooth -- than one (male person)

10.2 xUj;jp o - rooth -- thea one (female person)

10.3 xUtd; xUtu; o - roo - van one man, one person (a modifying adjective takes a personal ending,

e.g. “a rich person” would be nry;tkhdtu; xUtu; - ,Utu;>

%tu; “two persons” “three persons” etc. are possible)

10.4 xUtUk; o - roo - va - room anybody, everybody, whoever

10.5 xNu o - ré only, very same

11. xd;W on -- DRö one, one thing, anything

11.1 xd;Wk; on - DRoom anything (when negated - “nothing” )

12. ahu; yawr who?

12.1 ahUk; yaw - room anyone, everyone, whoever

12.2 ahtUk; yaw - va - room all persons, anyone, everyone

12.3 ahtd; yaw - van who? which man?

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 60- Vocabulary - indefiniteness

60a - indefiniteness 60b - days of the week 60c - months of the year


1. mjhtJ uh - thaw - vuh - thö that is to say

2. MfpYk; aw - hea - loom yet, however (conjunction)


3.1 vq;NfahtJ eng -- gé - yaw - vuh - thö somewhere, anywhere

3.2 vq;NfNah eng -- gé - yô somewhere

4. vJ eh - thö which?

4.1 vjhfpYk; accus.vijahfpYk; eh - thaw - hea - loom anything whatever

4.2 vjhtJ eh - thaw - vuh - thö something, anything

5. vg;gb ep -- puh - Dea how?

5.1 vg;gbahtJ ep -- puh - Dea - yaw - vuh - thö somehow, anyhow

6. vg;nghOjhtJ ep -- po - Ļoo - thaw - vuh - thö sometime, ever

6.1 vg;nghOjhfpYk; eh -- po - Ļoo - thaw - hea - loom ever


7.1 vtuhfpYk; eh - vuh - raw - hea - loom whoever

7.2 vtuhtJ eh -- va - raw - vuh - thö someone, anyone

8. vd;whtJ en -- Draw - vuh - thö ever

9. VJ é - thö which, why, how

9.1 VjhtJ é - thaw - vuh - thö something, anything

9.2 Vjhtnjhd;W é - thaw - vuh - thôn -- DRö something (one thing)

9.3 VNjh é - thô something; somewhat; perchance

10. ahu; yawr who?

10.1 ahuhtJ yaw - raw - vuh - thö somebody, someone

10.2 ahuhtJ xUtu; yaw - raw - vuh - thoo o - roo - var somebody, someone

10.3 ahNuh yaw - rô somebody, someone

10.4 ahNuh xUtu; yaw - rô o - roo - var somebody, someone

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 60b - Days of the Week


1. Qhapw;Wf;fpoik QhapW gnaw - yeaT -- Trook -- kœ - Ļuh - meiy Sunday

2. jpq;fl;fpoik jpq;fs; thing -- guT -- kœ - Ļuh - meiy Monday

3. nrt;tha;f;fpoik nrt;tha; sev - vawyyk -- kœ - Ļuh - meiy Tuesday

4. Gjd;fpoik Gjd; poo - than -- gœ - Ļuh - meiy Wednesday

5. tpahof;fpoik tpahod; vih - yaw - Ļuk -- kœ - Ļuh - meiy Thursday

6. nts;spf;fpoik nts;sp vœL -- Leak -- kœ - Ļuh - meiy Friday

7. rdpf;fpoik rdp sa - neak -- kœ - Ļuh - meiy Saturday

Tamil Vocabulary 60c - Months of the Year


1. [dtup ij ja - nuh -va - rea January

2. gpg;utup khrp pip -- ruh - va - rea February

3. khu;r; gq;Fdp mawrch March

4. Vg;uy; rpj;jpiu ép -- ral April

5. Nk itfhrp mé May

6. [{d; Mdp joon June

7. [{iy Mb joo - leiy July

8. Mf];l; Mtdp aw - hussT August

9. nrg;lk;gu; Gul;lhjp sep -- Tum -- bar September

10. mf;Nlhgu; Ig;grp uk -- Tô - bar October

11. etk;gu; fhu;j;jpif ñuh - vum -- bar November

12. brk;gu; khu;fop Dea - sum -- bar December

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 61- Vocabulary - idioms: quantities, time

61a - Quantities 61b - Vegetables 61c - Spices 61d - Fruits


1. ,uhj;jy; ih - rawth -- thal pound (measure of weight)

2. fz;lk; kuN -- Dum piece; continent

3. Fiy koo - leiy bunch, cluster (grapes, fruit, keys etc.)

4. Ftp koo - vea heap up, pile up, accumulate

Ftpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;;> g;Ngd;

4.1 Ftpay; koo - vea - yal heap, pile

5. nfhj;J koth - thö bunch (collection of things tied together)

6. lg;gp Dup -- pea can

6.1 jfulg;gp bd; thuh - ha - ruh - Dup -- pea tin (i.e. a tin container)

7. ngl;b peT -- Tea box

8. nghl;lzk; nghl;lyk; poT -- Tuh - Num small bundle

8.1 ml;ilg;gl;b uT -- Teiyp -- peT -- Tea carton, cardboard box

9. kPjp mee - thea rest (that which remains, what is left)

10. %l;il moooT - Teiy package, sack

11. yPl;lu; leeT - Tar litre

Tamil Vocabulary 61b - Vegetables


1. muprp a - rea - sea rice (dry)

2. mtiu uh - va - reiy beans

3. cUisf; fpoq;F oo - roo - Lik kih - Ļung -- gö potato

5. fj;jpupf;fha; kuth – thea - reak – kawy eggplant

4. fha;fwp fha;f;fwp kawyy -- huh - Rea vegetable

5. fpoq;F kih - Ļung -- gö yam

6. NrhW sô - Rö rice (cooked)

7. jf;fhspg; gok; thuk -- kaw - Leap puh - Ļum tomato

8. gl;lhzp puT -- Taw - Nea pea

9. Ks;sq;fp mooL -- Lung -- gea radish

10. ntq;fhak; veng - gaw - yum onion

July 17, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 61c - Spices


1. ,Q;rp ign -- jea ginger

2. cg;G oop - pö salt

3. fwp kuh - Rea curry

4. ru;f;fiu sark -- ka - reiy sugar (brown sugar in chunks)

5. rpufk; sih - ruh - hum cumin

6. [ha;f;fha; jawyyk -- kawyy nutmeg

7. Jsrp thoo - Luh - sea basil

8. kpsF mih - Luh - hö pepper

Tamil Vocabulary 61d - Fruits


1. mj;jpg; gok; uth -- theap puh - Ļum fig

2. md;dhrpg; gok; an -- naw - seap puh - Ļum pineapple

3. Mg;gps; awp -- peaL apple

4. MuQ;R aw - rugn -- jö orange (fruit)

5. cyu;e;j jpuhl;ir oo - larñ -- thuth thih - rawT - cheiy raisin

6. vYkpr;rk; gok; eh - loo - meach -- chum puh - Ļum lime, lemon

7. fdp ka - nea fruit; ripe fruit

8. nfha;ahg; gok; koyy -- yawp puh - Ļum guava

9. jpuhl;irg; gok; thih - rawT -- cheiyp puh - Ļum grapes

10. gok; puh - Ļum fruit

10.1 goj;Njhl;lk; puh - Ļuth -- thôT -- Tum orchard

11. Ngupr;rk; gok; pé - reach - chum puh - Ļum date

12. khk;gok; mawm -- buh - Ļum mango

13. thiog; gok; vaw - Ļeiyp puh - Ļum banana

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 62- Vocabulary62a - Although 62b - Preservation, Protection, Rescue 62c - Fear 62d - Courage


1. ,Ue;Jk; ih - rooñ -- thoom although, even though (in the sense of “in spite of”)

(conjunction, used for past circumstances with the past participle)

2. ,Ug;gpDk; ih - roop -- pea - noom though, although, even though (a conjunction, used for

future circumstances, with an infinitive or a conjugated verb)

3. NghjpYk; pô - thea - loom though, although, even though

(conjunction, used with a relative participle in its clause)

Tamil Vocabulary 62b - Preservation, Protection, Rescue


1. mghak; uh - baw - yum danger

1.1 mghafukhd uh - baw - yuh - huh - ruh - maw - nuh dangerous

2. Mgj;J aw - buth -- thö danger

2.1 Mgj;jhd aw - buth -- thaw - nuh dangerous

2. ,ul;rp ih - ruT -- chea save, preserve, deliver

,ul;rpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

2.1 ,ul;rpg;G ih - ruT -- cheap – pö salvation

3. fhg;ghw;W kawp -- pawT - TRö rescue, save

fhg;ghw;w> fpNwd;> fhg;ghw;wpNdd;> Ntd;;;

4. fhty; kaw - val protection, defense; fortification

4.1 fhty; fh kaw - val kaw guard, protect; keep guard, keep watch (combo verb)

4.2 fhty; Nrtfu; kaw - val sé - vuh - har policeman

5. rhu;G sawr -- bö side, attachment; place of refuge; help, support

6. Nrkp sé - mea keep secure, preserve in safety

Nrkpf;f> f;fpNwd;;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

6.1 Nrkpj;Jit sé - meath -- thoo - veiy store, store up (double verb)

7. gj;jpuk; puth -- thea - rum safety, security; letter, written document

7.1 gj;jpukhd puth -- thea - ruh - maw - nuh safe

8. ghJfh paw - thoo - haw preserve, take care of, protect

ghJfhf;f f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8.1 ghJfhg;ghsd; paw - thoo - hawp -- paw - Lan guardian

8.2 ghJfhg;G paw - thoo - hawp -- pö security

9. gpio jg;gpg;gpio pœ - Leiy survive, escape; outlive; recover

gpiof;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;;> g;Ngd;

9.2 gpioj;jpU pœ - Leiyth – thea - roo subsist, continue to live

10. kPs; meeL redeem, release, ransom

kPl;f> kPl;fpNwd;> kPl;Nld;> kPl;Ngd;

10.1 kPl;Fk;nghUs; meeT -- koom -- bo - rooL ransom

10.2 kPl;gu; meeT -- Par saviour, redeemer, liberator

10.3 kPS kPs; mee - Lö be cured, be rescued, be redeemed

kPs> fpNwd;> kPz;Nld;> Ntd;

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 62b - Preservation, Protection, Rescue

11. tpLjiy nra; vih - Doo - tha - leiy sehyy save, deliver (combo verb)

12. tpopg;G vœ - Ļeap -- pö watchfulness, vigilance

Tamil Vocabulary 62c - Fear


1. gak; puh - yum fear, dread, apprehension; reverence, awe

1.1 gaq;fukhd gaq;fu puh - yung -- ga - ruh - maw - nuh terrible

1.2 gaq;fuk; puh - yung -- ga - rum fear, terror

1.3 gaq;futhjp puh - yung -- ga - ruh - vaw - thea terrorist

1.4 gaq;futhjk; puh - yung -- ga - ruh - vaw - thum terrorism

1.5 gae;j puh - yuñ -- thuh fearful (from gerund, gae;J - other past tense verb forms

can be made from it, e.g. “I feared” - gae;Njd; )

1.6 gagf;jp puh - yuh - buk -- thea awe, reverence, deep respect

1.7 gag;gL puh - yup -- puh - Dö fear, be fearful (combo verb)

1.8 gaKWj;jy; puh - yuh - moo - Rooth -- thal threat

1.9 gaKWj;J puh - yuh - moo - Rooth -- thö threaten, terrify, frighten

gaKWj;j> fpNwd;> gaKWj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

Tamil Vocabulary 62d - Courage


1. Jzp thoo - Nea dare; be cut, be severed

Jzpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

1.1 Jzpfuk; thoo - Nea - ha - rum boldness, daring, temerity

1.2 JzpT thoo - Nea - vö confidence, boldness, audacity

2. ijupak; theiy - rea - yum courage, steadiness

2.1 ijupaKs;s theiy - rea - yuh - mooL -- Luh courageous, brave, steady

3. tPuk; vee - rum heroism, bravery; strength, might

4.1 tPud; vee - ran hero; warrior

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 63 - Vocabulary - imperatives for the 1st and 3rd person63a - Orders 63b - Obedience 63c - Discipline & Punishment 63d - Reactions, Surprise

Tamil Vocabulary 63a - Orders, Compulsion


1. fl;lis kuT -- Tuh - Leiy law, precept; order, command

1.1 fl;lisapL kuT -- Tuh - Leiy - yea - Dö command, order (takes the dative case) (combo verb)

Tamil Vocabulary 63b - Obedience


1. mbgzp uh - dea - buh - Nea fall at one’s feet; obey, submitmbgzpa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

2. fPo; kœĻ place below (noun)

2.1 fPNo kœ - Ļé below (adverb)

2.2 fPo; kœĻ below (postposition, requires “koo” or “ean” suffix)

2.3 fPo;g;gb kœĻp -- puh - Dea obey, submit (requires the dative case)

fPo;g;gba> fpNwd; e;Njd;> Ntd;;;;

2.4 fPo;g;gbjYs;s kœĻp -- puh - Dea - thuh - looL – Luh obedient (dative case)

2.5 fPo;g;gbjy; kœĻp -- puh - Dea - thal obedience, subjection, submission (dative case)

2.6 fPo;g;gbahj kœĻp -- puh - Dea - yaw - thuh disobedient (dative case)

2.7 fPo;g;gbahky; kœĻp -- puh - Dea - yaw - mal disobedient (dative case)

2.8 fPo;g;gbahkw; Ngh kœĻp -- puh - Dea - yaw - muT pô disobey (requires the dative case)

fPo;g;gbahkw; Nghf> fpNwd; NghNdd;> Ntd;;;;

2.9 fPo;g;gLj;jpf; nfhs; kœĻp -- puh - Doo - theak – koL subdue (double verb)

Tamil Vocabulary 63c - Discipline, Punishment


1. mjl;L uh - thuT -- Tö rebuke (with authority and vehemence)

mjl;l> fpNwd;> mjl;bNdd;> Ntd;

2. fb kuh - Dea rebuke, reprove, chide; renouncefba> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

2.1 fbe;Jnfhs; kuh - Deañ – thoo - hoL reprove, reprimand

3. rpl;rp siT - chea correct, discipline, chastise, punish; train, teach

rpl;rpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.1 rpl;rd; siT - chan disciple, learner

3.2 rpl;ir siT - cheiy discipline, training; chastisement, punishment

4. jz;b thuN -- dea chastize, punishjz;bf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4.1 jz;ldk; jz;lid thuN -- Da - num punishment, penalty

December 28, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 63d - Reactions, Surprise


1. mjprak; uh - thea - suh - yum wonder, miracle, marvel; excellence

1.1 mjprag;gL uh - thea - suh - yup -- puh - Dö wonder (combo verb)

2. mjpU mjpu; uh - thea - rö shake, quake; be startledmjpu> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

2.1 mjpu;r;rp uh - thearch -- chea shaking, trembling; shock

2.2 mjpu;r;rpail uh - thearch -- chea - yuh - deiy be startled, be alarmed (combo verb)

2.3 mjpu;e;J Ngh uh - thearñ -- thö pô be startled, be shaken (double verb)

3. M aw ah!, oh! (an exclaimation of wonder, pity, or contempt)

4. Mr;rupak; awch -- chuh - rea - yum amazement, astonishment, wonder

4.1 Mr;rupag;gL awch -- cha - rea - yup -- puh - Dö be surprised, be amazed

Mr;rupag;gl> fpNwd;> Mr;rupag;gl;Nld;> Ntd;

4.2 Mr;rupakhd awch -- cha - rea - yuh - maw - nuh amazing, wonderful, surprising

5. INah eiy - yô alas! oh-oh! woe! (exclamation of wonder, grief, pain)

6. rq;fl czu;r;rpia mil sung – guh - duh oo - Narch- chea - yeiy uh - Deiy feel embarrassment (combo verb)

7. jpif thih - heiy be taken aback, astonished, bewilderedjpiff;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7.1 jpifg;G thih - heiyp -- pö astonishment, dismay, bewilderment

8. gpujpgyp pih - ruh - thea - ba - lea react; reflectgpujpgypf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8.1 gpujpgypg;G pih - ruh - thea - ba - leap -- pö response, reaction

9. tpNehjk; vih - ñô - thum wonder, strange or remarkable thing

9.1 tpNehjkhd tpNdhjkhd vih - ñô - thuh - maw - nuh wondrous, strange, remarkable

10. tpag;G vih - yup -- pö wonder, surprise, admiration

10.1 tpag;gil vih - yup -- puh - Deiy wonder (combo verb)

May 20, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 64- Vocabulary - also, but, however64a - However 64b - Encouragement, Enthusiasm


1. mg;gbapUe;jhYk; up -- puh - Dea - yea - rooñ -- thaw - loom nevertheless, however (conjunction)

2. MfpYk; aw - hea - loom yet, however (conjunction)

3. MapDk; aw - yea - noom nevertheless, still (conjunction)

4. MdhYk; aw - naw - loom nonetheless, nevertheless (conjunction)

5. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ih - rooñ -- thuh - pô - thea - loom nonetheless, nevertheless (conjunction)

6. ,Ue;jhYk; ih - rooñ -- thaw - loom nevertheless, still (conjunction)

7. vdpDk; eh - nea - noom yet (conjunction)

8. vd;wNghjpYk; en - DRuh - pô - thea - loom however (conjunction)

9. vd;whYk; en - DRaw - loom however (conjunction)

10. kj;jpapYk; muth --thea - yea - loom despite, notwithstanding (postposition, “ean” suffix)

11. khwhf maw - Raw - huh on the contrary, rather; in contrast to (koo suffix)

Tamil Vocabulary 64b - Enthusiasm, Encouragement


1. Mu;tk; awr -- vum zeal, devotion, enthusiasm, curiosity

1.1 Mu;tg;grp awr - vup – puh - sea curiosity

1.2 Mu;tKs;s Mu;tkpf;f awr -- vuh - mooL -- Luh zealous, interested (of people);

interesting, interest arousing (of things)

2. Mty; aw - val eagerness; yearning, longing, wish; craving

2.1 Mtyhd aw - va - law - nuh eager

2.2 MtYs;s aw - va - looL – Luh eager

2.3 Mty;kpf;f aw - val - meak – kuh eager

2.4 kd MtYs;s ma - nuh aw - va - looL – Luh willing and eager

3. cw;rhfk; ooT -- chaw - hum enthusiasm, ardour

3.1 cw;rhfkhd cw;rhfKs;s ooT -- chaw - huh - maw - nuh enthusiastic, eager

3.2 cw;rhfg;gLj;J ooT -- chaw - hup -- puh - Dooth -- thö encourage (combo verb)

3.3 cw;rhfg;gLj;Jjy; ooT -- chaw - hup -- puh - Dooth -- thoo - thal encouragement

3.4 cw;rhf%l;L ooT -- chaw - huh - moooT -- Tö encourage (combo verb) (dative case)

3.5 cw;rhf%l;Lk; ooT -- chaw - huh - moooT -- Toom encouraging (participle used as an adjective)

4. cd;dpg;ghf oon -- neap -- paw - huh intently

5. Cf;fk; oook -- kum zeal, fervour, earnestness, resolution

5.1 Cf;fg;gLj;J oook -- kup -- puh - Dooth -- thö encourage (combo verb)

5.2 Cf;fkhd oook -- kuh - maw - nuh earnest, fervent, diligent

5.3 Cf;fkpo oook -- kuh - mea - Luh lose spirit, be discouraged (combo verb)

5.4 Cf;fkpoe;j oook -- kuh - mea - Luñ -- thuh discouraged, dispirited

5.5 Cf;Ftp oook -- koo - vea encourage (takes the accusative case)

Cf;Ftpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

May 4, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 64b - Enthusiasm, Encouragement

6. Vkhw;wk; é - mawT - TRum disappointment; deceit

6.1 Vkhw;wk; mil é - mawT - Trum uh - Deiy be disappointed (combo verb)

6.2 Vkhw;W é - mawT - TRö disappoint; deceive; cheat

Vkhw;w> fpNwd;> Vkhw;wpNdd;> Ntd;

7. fpsu;r;rp kih - Larch -- chea excitement, animation

7.1 fpsu;r;rpA+l;L kœ - Larch –chea - yoooT -- Tö to be exciting (combo verb)

fpsu;r;rpA+l;l> fpwJ> l;bdJ> l;Lk;

8. rypg;G sa - leap -- pö boredom, weariness

8.1 rypg;gilar; nra; sa - leap – puh - Deiy - yuch sehyy bore, be boring or wearisome (combo verb)

8.2 rypg;Gje;j sa - leap – poo - thuñ – thuh boring, wearisome

8.3 rypg;G+l;L sa - leap – poooT – Tö bore, be boring or wearisome (combo verb)

8.4 rypg;G+l;Ltjhf ,U sa - leap -- poooT – Too - vuh - thaw - huh ih - rö bore, be boring or wearisome (combo verb)

9. Nrhu;T sôr - vö listlessness, drooping, languishing; weakness

10. gugug;G guguj;jy; pa - ruh - pa - rup -- pö hurrying, bustling; eagerness, earnestness

10.1 gugug;G+l;Lk; pa - ruh - pa - rup -- poooT -- Toom exciting (a participle, literally - instilling eagerness)

11. tpir vih - seiy impetus, impulse; spring, elasticity

12. ituhf;fpak; veiy - rawk -- kea - yum zeal; fanaticism

12.1 ituhf;fpaKs;s veiy - rawk -- kea - yuh - mooL -- Luh zealous; overzealous, fanatic

12.2 ituhf;fpakhd veiy - rawk -- kea - yuh - maw - nuh zealous; overzealous, fanatic

August 16, 2016

Tamil Lesson # 65 - Vocabulary - unless65a - Unless 65b - Grammar 65c - Tiny Creatures


1. Mtpby; aw - vea - deal unless (a suffix) (used as a conjunction with an infinitive)

2. Mtpl;lhy; aw - veaT - Tawl unless (a suffix) (a conjunction, with a root verb or an infinitive)

3. jtpu thuh - vea - ruh unless (conjunction, past tense stem for verb + “awl” suffix)

except, besides, in addition to (postposition, accusative)

4. kw;wg;gb muT -- Trup -- puh - Dea otherwise

Tamil Vocabulary 65b - Grammar


1. milg;Gf; Fwpfs; uh - deiyp -- pook koo - Rea - huL parentheses

2. ,yf;fzk; ih - luk -- kuh - Num grammar

3. ,we;jfhyk; ih - Ruñ -- thuh - kaw - lum past time, past tense

4. cr;rup ooch -- cha - rea pronounce, utter, enunciate, articulate

cr;rupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4.1 cr;rupg;G ooch -- cha - reap -- pö pronunciation, enunciation

5. vOj;J œ - Ļooth -- thö letter, character

5.1 capu; vOj;J oo - year eh - Ļooth -- thö vowel

5.2 nka;naOj;J mehyy -- yeh - Ļooth -- thö consonant

6. epfo;fhyk; ñih - huĻ - kaw - lum present tense, present time

7. epWj;jk; ñih - Rooth -- thum pause in reading

7.1 epWj;jf;Fwp ñœ - Rooth -- thuk -- koo - Rea pause sign, comma

7.2 epWj;jf;Fwpg;G ñœ - Rooth -- thuk -- koo - Reap – pö pause sign, comma

8. gpujpg; ngau;r; nrhy; pih - ruh - theap peh - yarch sol pronoun

9. ngaupilr; nrhy; peh - ya - rea - Deiych sol adjective

10. ngau;r; nrhy; peh - yarch chol noun

11. Kw;Wg;Gs;sp mooT -- TRoop -- pooL -- Lea period (punctuation), full stop

12. thf;fpak; vawk -- kea - yum sentence, saying, phrase

13. tpidr; nrhy; vih - neiych sol verb

14. tpidapilr; nrhy; vih - neiy - yea - Deiych sol adverb

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 65c - Tiny Creatures


1. me;Jg; G+r;rp uñ -- thoop poooch – chea moth

2. < ee fly; bee

3. Fstp koo - Luh - vea wasp

4. nfhR nfhRf;F ko - sö a class of small flying insects including gnats & mosquitoes

5. rpye;jp sih - luñ – thea spider

6. Rz;nlyp sooN -- Deh - lea mouse

7. jtis thuh - vuh - Leiy frog

8. NjdP thé - nee bee

9. ej;ij ñuth -- theiy snail

10. Esk;G ñoo - Lum – bö mosquito

11. GO poo - Ļö worm

12. tz;L vuN -- Dö beetle

13. tz;zj;Jg; G+r;rp vuN -- Nuth -- thoop poooch - chea butterfly

or tz;zhj;jpg; G+r;rp14. ntl;Lf; fpsp veT -- Took kœ - Lea grasshopper, locust

March 8, 2014

Tamil Lesson # 66 - Vocabulary - causative verbs

66a - Causative verbs 66b - Tools 66c - Locomotion


1. fpl kih - Duh lie, lie down

fplf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 fplj;J kih - Duth -- thö cause to lie down, set, lay down

fplj;j> fpNwd;> fplj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

2. nrYj;J seh - looth -- thö cause to go or to proceed, effect, administer; perform

nrYj;j> fpNwd;> nrYj;jpNdd;> Ntd; (often combined with nouns and verbs)

3. el ñuh - Duh walk; behave; happen

elf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

3.1 elg;gp ñuh - Dup – pea cause to go, manage, direct, perform

elg;gpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

3. gLj;J puh - Dooth -- thö cause (combines with nouns to make verbs)

gLj;j> fpNwd;> gLj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

3.1 cl;gLjy; ooT -- puh - Doo - thal involvement

3.2 cl;gLj;J ooT -- puh - Dooth -- thö cause to enter, bring in, include, involve (combo verb)

3.3 Nkk;gLj;J mém - buh - Dooth -- thö improve (combo verb)

4. gz;Z puN -- Nö cause, produce, effect


5. thL vaw - Dö wither, fade, shrink, grow dry; pine away

thl> fpNwd;> thbNdd;> Ntd;

5.1 thl;L vawT -- Tö cause to wither, fade; vex, afflict

thl.l> fpNwd;> thl;bNdd;> Ntd;

Tamil Vocabulary 66b - Tools


1. muk; a - rum file (for making a surface smooth)

2. MAjk;; aw - yoo - thum implement, instrument, tool

3. fUtp ka - roo - vea tool, instrument

4. fPy; keel hinge

5. rk;kl;b sum -- muT -- Tea hammer

6. jpUfhzp thih - roo - haw - Nea screw

7. JLg;G thoo - Doop -- pö paddle, oar

8. gk;G pum -- bö pump

9. uk;gk; rum -- bum saw

;October 20, 2008

Tamil Vocabulary 66c - Locomotion


1. Mfha tpkhdk; aw - haw - yuh vih - maw - num airplane

2. ,ujk; ih - ruh - thum chariot

3. ,uapy; ghij ih - ruh - yeal paw - theiy railway line

4. ,uapy; tz;b ih - ruh - yeal vuN -- Dea railway car, railway carriage

5. Cu;jp ooor -- thea vehicle, conveyance

6. XL ô - Dö run

Xl> fpNwd;> XbNdd;> Ntd;;;

6.2 Xl;L ôT -- Tö cause to run, propel, drive

Xl;l> fpNwd;> Xl;bNdd;> Ntd;

6.3 Xl;Leu; ôT -- Too - ñar driver

6. fg;gy; kup -- pal ship

6.1 fg;gypy; nry; nry;Y kup -- puh - leal sel sail (in a ship) (combo verb)

fg;gypy; nry;y> fpNwd; ..nrd;Nwd;> Ntd;

7. fhu; kawr car

8. rthup suh - vaw - rea ride (in a vehicle or on an animal)

8.1 rthup nra;; ...nry ; ...Ngh suh - vaw - rea sehyy ride, ride along (combo verb)

9. irf;fps; seiyk – kœL cycle, bicycle

10. neLQ;rhiy ñeh - Doogn - jaw - leiy highway

11. glF puh - Duh - hö boat (a small, open sailing vessel)

11.1 glfpy; nry; nry;Y puh - Duh - heal sel row (in a boat) (combo verb)

12. ghutz;b paw - ruh - vuN -- Dea wagon

13. Giftz;b poo - heiy - vuN -- Dea railway train

14. NgUe;J pé - rooñ - thö bus

15. kpj mih - thuh float

kpjf;f> f;fpNwd> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

16. %batz;b mooo - Dea - yuh - vuN -- dea van

17. tz;b vuN -- Dea vehicle, cart (a strong two-wheeled car); truck

18. tz;bj;njhlu; vuN -- Death – tho - Dar train

19. thfdk; vaw - ha - num vehicle, conveyance

April 7, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 67 - Vocabulary - apposition

67a - Geography


1. mUtp a - roo - vea brook

2. MW aw - Rö river; six; way, path, mode, manner

3. vy;iy el -- leiy boundary, border

4. Vup é - rea lake

5. Xil ô - Deiy stream, rivulet

6. fly; kuh - Dal sea

6.1 flNyhuk; kuh - Da - lô - rum seashore

7. fz;lk; kuN -- Dum continent; piece

8. fiu ka - reiy shore, bank

9. fw;ghiw kuT -- paw - Reiy rock mass; crag

10. fhL (accusative - fhl;il) kaw - Dö forest, jungle

11. fhzp kaw - Nea land

12. Fif koo - heiy cave; cavern; crucible

13. Flhf;fly; koo - dawk -- kuh - Dal bay

14. Fl;il kooT -- Tea pond

15. Fsk; koo - Lum pond

16. Fd;W koon -- DRö hill

17. nfgp keh - bea cave, cavern, den

18. rKj;jpuk; suh - mooth -- thea - rum ocean

19. rpfuk; sih - ha - rum peak, summit, or ridge of a mountain

20. jiu thuh - reiy ground, land, earth

21. jhafk; thaw - yuh - hum motherland, homeland; hometown

22. jPgfw;gk; thee - buh - huT -- pum peninsula

23. jPT thee - vö island

24. JiwKfk; thoo - Reiy - moo - hum port, harbour

25. Njrk; thé - sum country, land, nation

25.1 NjrPa thé - see - yuh national

26. ejp ñuh - thea river

27. ehL ñaw - Dö state, country, rural area

27.1 ehl;Lg;Gwk; ñawT -- Toop -poo - Rum country, rural area

28. epyk; ñih - lum land, (the) earth

29. ePu;tPo;r;rp ñeer -- vœĻch -- chea waterfall(s)

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 67a - Geography (continued)

30. glk; puh - Dum picture, film

30.1 Njrg;glk; thé - sup -- puh - Dum map (of a country)

30.2 epyg;glk; ñih - lup -- puh - Dum land map

30.3 tiuglk; va - reiy - puh - Dum map (of a country)

31. gs;sj;jhf;F puL -- Luth -- thawk -- kö valley, ravine

32. gs;sk; puL -- Lum lowland, valley; cavity, pit, hole, dent

32.1 gs;skhd puL – Luh - maw - nuh hollow, indented

33. ghiy paw - leiy arid land, desert

34. ghiw paw - Reiy rock mass; crag; hillock

35. ghiytdk; paw - leiy - va - num desert

36. G+kp pooo - mea earth (the planet)

37. kiy ma - leiy mountain

38. khfhzk; maw - haw - Num province

39. khtl;lk; maw - vuT -- Tum district

40. Kid moo - neiy point, sharpened point, eminence; cape, headland

41. NkL mé - Dö cliff, height, mound

42. tdk; va - num wilderness, uncultivated land

43. tdhe;juk; va - nawñ -- tha - rum wilderness

August 16, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 68- Vocabulary - the packaging words68a - Common, Popular 68b - Private, Secret, Hidden 68c - Birds


1. mupjhd a - rea - thaw - nuh difficult to obtain, rare

1.1 mupjhf a - rea - thaw - huh seldom, rarely

2. mUikahd a - roo - meiy - yaw - nuh rare; precious, very nice

3. rhjhuz rhjhuzkhd saw - thaw - ruh - Nuh common, general, usual

3.1 mrhjhuz mrhjhuzkhd uh - saw - thaw - ruh - Nuh uncommon, unusual, extraordinary

3.2 rhjhuzkha; saw - thaw - ruh - Nuh - mawyy usually, generally

4. GJ (Gj;J before a vowel) poo - thö new; strange, wonderful

4.1 GJikahd poo - thoo - meiy - yaw - nuh strange, extraordinary, novel

5. nghJ po - thö common, general, public (liaison required)

5.1 nghJthd po - thoo - vaw - nuh common, general

5.2 nghJthf po - thoo - vaw - huh generally, commonly

6. tprpj;jpukhd vih - seath - thea- ruh - maw - nuh odd, peculiar, curious

Tamil Vocabulary 68b - Secret, Private, Hidden


1. me;juk; uñ -- tha - rum secret

1.1 me;juq;f uñ -- tha - rung -- guh secret, private

1.2 me;juq;fk; uñ -- tha - rung -- gum secrecy; privacy; the interior

2. mgpg;gpuhak; uh - beap – pea - raw - yum idea, opinion; meaning, intention

3. ,ufrpak; ih - ruh - huh - sea - yum secret; secrecy

4. xJf;fk; xJf;F o - thook -- kum retreat, shelter, hiding place, place of refuge

5. xsp o - Lea hide (transitive & intransitive)

xspf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;;;

6. fhzg;glhkw;Ngh kaw - Nup – puh - daw - muT - pô disappear (combo verb)

7. kiw muh - Reiy be hidden; disappear, vanish, recedekiwa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

7.1 kiw muh - Reiy hide, conceal; cover, shelter

kiwf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7.2 kiwe;JNgh muh - Reiy disappear (double verb)

April 20, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 68c - Birds


1. md;dg;gwit an -- nup -- puh - Ruh -veiy swan

2. Me;ij awñ - theiy owl

3. fOF kuh - Ļoo - hö eagle

4. fhfk; kaw - hum raven

5. fhf;if kawk -- keiy crow

6. fpsp kœ - Lea parrot

7. FQ;R koogn- jö chick

8. Fapy; koo - yeal cuckoo

9. FUtp koo - roo - vea bird (a small bird)

10. nfhf;F kok -- kö stork, crane

11. Nfhop kô - Ļea hen, chicken

12. Nrty; sé - val rooster

13. J}f;fzq;FUtp thoook -- kuh - Nung -- goo - roo - vea swallow

14. ehiu ñaw - reiy heron, stork, crane

15. neUg;Gf; Nfhop ñeh - roop -- pook kô - Ļea ostrich

16. gUe;J pa - rooñ -- thö kite (bird of prey)

17. gwit puh - Ruh - veiy bird

18. Gwh poo - Raw dove, pigeon

19. ngl;ilf; Nfhop peT -- Teiyk kô - Ļea hen

20. kapy; muh - yeal peacock

21. ty;Y}W val -- looo - Rö turkey

22. thj;J vawth -- thö duck

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 69- Vocabulary - idioms: of, kinds69a - kinds 69b- Science 69c - Universe 69d - Farming


1. gy pa - luh many (usually an adjective, can be a noun for things)

1.1 gytpjkhd gytpj pa - luh - vea - thuh - maw - nuh various, multifarious, all manner of, all kinds of

2. tF vuh - hö classify, divide, separatetFf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd; (e;Njd;)> g;Ngd;

2.1 tif vuh - heiy kind, sort

2.2 tifahd vuh - heiy - yaw - nuh kind, sort

2.3 tiffshd vuh - heiy - huh - Law - nuh kind, sort

Tamil Vocabulary 69b - Science


1. mZ uh - Nö atom

3. rh];jpuk; rhj;jpuk; sawss -- thea - rum science

3.1 [Pt rh];jpuk; jee - vuh sawss -- thea - rum biology

3.2 G+Nfhs rh];jpuk; pooo - hô - Luh sawss -- thea - rum geography

3.3 kpUf rh];jpuk; mih - roo - huh sawss -- thea - rum zoology

3.4 thd rh];jpuk; vaw - nuh sawss -- thea - rum astronomy

3.5 thd rh];jpup vaw - nuh sawss -- thea - rea astronomer

4. E}y; ñoool thread; treatise; science; plumb line

5. gupzhkk; pa - rea - Naw - mum evolution

6. Gijgbtk; poo - theiy - puh - Dea - vum fossil

7. kuG ma - ruh - bö ancestral line; established usage

7.1 kuGE}y; ma - ruh - bö ñoool science of heredity, genetics

7.2 kuGtopf;Nfhl;ghL ma - ruh - boo - vuh - Ļeak – kôT – paw - Dö genetic code

8. tpQ;ir vign -- jeiy science, learning

8.1 tpQ;Qhd vign -- gnaw - nuh scientific

8.2 tpQ;Qhdk; vign -- gnaw - num science, true knowledge

8.3 tpQ;Qhdp vign -- gnaw - nea scientist

Tamil Vocabulary 69c - Universe


1. mz;lk; uN -- Dum egg; solar system, heavens, universe

2. ru;tNyhfk; rUtNyhfk; sar -- va - lô - hum universe, all worlds

3. #upad; sooo - rea - yan sun

3.1 #upa m];jkdk; sooo - rea - yuh uss -- thuh - ma - num sunset

3.2 #upakz;lyk; sooo - rea - yuh - muN -- Da - lum solar system

4. epyh ñih - law moon; moonshine

5. gpugQ;rk; pih - ruh - bugn -- jum universe

August 22, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 69c - Universe (continued)

6. kz; muN soil, earth; world

6.1 gukz;lyk; pa - ruh - muN -- Da - lum heaven

6.2 kz;lyk; muN -- Da - lum world, earth; region; circle, sphere

7. thdNtsp vaw - nuh - vœ - Lea outer space

Tamil Vocabulary 69d - Farming

1. mW uh - Rö cut off; reap (transitive verb)

mWf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 mWg;G mWtil uh - Roop -- pö harvest, reaping

1.2 mWtil nra;; uh - Roo - vuh - deiy sehyy harvest (combo verb)

2. cO oo - Ļö plowco> fpNwd;> Njd;> Ntd;

2.1 cotu; oo - Ļuh - var ploughman, farmer

3. fsQ;rpak; kuh - Lugn - jea - yum barn, granary; storeroom

4. jhs; thawL stubble; sheet of paper

5. jpd; thin eat, feedjpd> fpNwd;> jd;Nwd;> Ngd;

6. njhOtk; thô - Ļoo - vum stable, stall; fold (enclosure)

7. gz;iz puN -- Neiy large farm

8. gapu; puh - year crop

8.1 gapu; nra; puh - year sehyy grow, cultivate (combo verb)

9. Kis moo - Leiy spring, sprout; appearKisf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

10. Nka; Nka;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; méyy feed, shepherd (cattle, fowl etc.) (transitive)

Nka> fpwJ> e;jJ> NkAk; graze, feed, browse (intransitive)

11. tay; vuh - yal field (for cultivation or for pasture)

12. tpij vih - theiy seed

12.1 tpij vihh - theiy sow seed

tpijf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

13. itf;Nfhy; veiyk -- kôl straw

14. Ntl;il véT -- Teiy hunting; fishing; the chase

14.1 Ntl;ilf;fhud; véT -- Teiyk - kaw - ran hunter

14.2 Ntl;ilahL véT -- Teiy - yaw - Dö hunt, chase (combo verb)

July 7, 2015

Tamil Lesson # 70- Vocabulary - started to do, keep doing, finished doing, just did, used to do, was going to do70a - Perseverance 70b - Additional Motion Verbs (intransitive)

70c - Trees & Flowers


1. njhlu; tho - Dar succeed, follow in order (transitive meanings)

njhlu> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd; continue, proceed (intransitive meanings)

1.1 njhlu; njhlu;r;rp tho - Dar series, succession

1.2 njhlu;e;;j njhlu;thAs;s tho - Darñ -- thuh continual

1.3 njhlu;G njhlu;T tho - Dar - bö relation, relationship; connection; friendship

1.4 njhlu;Gnfhs; tho - dar -- boo - kôL contact; communicate (combo verb)

1.5 gpd;njhlu; pin -- tho - Dar follow; go or come after

2. gpbthjk; pih - Dea - vaw - thum stubbornness; persistence

2.1 gpbthjkhd pih - Dea - vaw - thuh - maw - nuh stubborn; persistent

2.2 gpbthjKs;s pih - Dea - vaw - thuh - mooL -- Luh stubborn; persistent

3. tpL vih - Dö release, set free, liberate; leave, forsake; cease

tpl> fpNwd;> tpl;Nld;> Ntd;

3.1 tplhJ nra; vih - Daw - thö sehyy persevere (combo verb)

3.2 tplhKaw;rp nra; vih - Daw - moo - yuT -- chea sehyy persevere (combo verb)

70b - Additional Motion Verbs (intransitive)


1. ce;J ooñ -- thö push out; shoot; dispatch (transitive meanings)

ce;j> fpNwd;> jpNdd;> Ntd; flow (water); rise up (waves, surf) (inransitive meanings)

2. cyhT oo - law - vö move about, stroll, ramblecyht> fpNwd;> cyhtpNdd;> Ntd;

3. Row;W soo - ĻuT -- TRö spin, whirl, rotateRow;w> fpNwd;> Row;wpNdd;> Ntd;

3.1 Row;rp soo - ĻuT – chee cycle

4. Js;S thooL -- Lö spring up, leap up, frolicJs;s> fpNwd;> Js;spNdd;> Ntd;

5. gha; pawyy spring, leap, jump; prance, gallopgha> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

5.1 vOe;J gha; eh - Ļooñ -- thoo pawyy spring up, leap up (double verb)

6. tOf;F vuh - Ļook – kö slip, slide; err, deviatetOf;f> fpNwd;> tOf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 70c - Trees & Flowers


1. ,jo; ih - thuĻ petal; leaf (book); issue (magazine); lip, eyelid

2. ,iy ih - leiy leaf

3. fhl;Lg;G+f;fs; kawT -- toop -- poook -- kuL wildflowers

4. fpis kœ - Leiy branch (of a tree)

5. Rs;sp sooL -- Lea dry twig; small branch

6. nrb seh - Dea shrub, bush

7. Nrhiy sô - leiy grove; garden walk

8. jU thuh - rö tree

9. jhtuk; thaw - va - rum basis, foundation; trees & plants

10. njd;id then -- neiy coconut palm

11. neUQ;rp neUQ;rpy; ñeh - roogn -- jea thorny plant, thistle

12. gid pa - neiy Palmyra palm

13. Gju; poo - thar bush, shrub

14. Gy; pool grass

15. G+ plural - G+f;fs; pooo flower

15.1 G+ pooo blossom, flower; flourish

G+f;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> G+f;Fk;

15.2 G+q;fh pooong -- gaw flower garden, park

15.3 G+q;fhtdk; pooong -- gaw - va - num flower garden, park

16. kyu; ma - lar blossom, flowerkyu> fpwJ> e;;jJ> kyUk;

16.1 kyU kyu; ma - la - rö bloom, blossom

17. Kl;Gju; mooT -- poo - thar thornbush

18. Ks; plural - Kl;fs; mooL thorn

19. tpUl;rk; vih - rooT -- chum tree

20. Ntu; vér root

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 71- Vocabulary - perfect infinitives, should have, could have etc.71a - Numbers 71b - Finances 71c - Measurement


1. miu a - reiy half; waist, loins

2. ,yf;fk; ih - luk -- kum number, numeral

3. vz; œN number; calculation

3.1 vz;fzpjk; eN -- guh - Nea - thum mathematics

3.2 vz;zw;w œN - Nut -- TRuh countless

3.3 vz;zpf;if œN -- Neak -- keiy number, amount

4. fzf;F kuh - Nuk -- kö arithmetic, mathematics; accounts book; sum

4.1 fzf;fu; kuh - Nuk -- kar accountant

4.2 fzf;fpL kuh - Nuk -- kea - Dö count, reckon, calculatefzf;fpl> fpNwd;> fzf;fpl;Nld;> Ntd;

4.3 fzf;Ffs;; kuh - Nuk -- kö HuL accounts

4.4 fzf;F Nfs;; kuh - Nuk -- kö kœL settle accounts (combo verb)

4.5 fzpjk; kuh - Nea - thum mathematics, calculation

5. fhy; kawl quarter (fourth part); leg

5.1 Kf;fhy;; mook -- kawl quarter to (postposition - for stating the time of day)

6. rjtPjk; suh - thuh - vee - thum percentage

7. ghjp paw - thea half; middle

8. gpd;dk; pin -- num fraction

9. nkhj;jk; moth -- thum total

Tamil Vocabulary 71b - Finances


1. cld;gbf;if oo - dan – puh - deak – keiy contract, agreement, covenant; promise, assurance

2. ,yhgk;; ih - law - bum profit

3. xg;ge;jk;; op – puñ – thum contract, agreement, compact

4. fld;; kuh - dan loan, debt; duty, obligation

4.1 fld; nfhL kuh - dan ko - Dö loan (money) (literally, “give a loan”) (combo verb)

4.2 fld; thq;F kuh - dan vawng - gö borrow (money) (combo verb)

4.3 fld;gL kuh - dan – buh - Dö be indebted (combo verb)

5. fk;ngdp kum - beh - nea company (anglicism)

6. fhR kaw - sö gold, gems, cash, money, coin

7. fpuak; kih - ruh - yum price, value

8. nfhs;Nthd; nfhs;Nthu; kôL - vôn one who accepts or buys; pupil

9. rk;gsk; sum -- buh - Lum salary

10. nryT seh - luh - vö expense, cost (‘at own expense’ - locative suffix)

10.1 nrythF seh - luh - vaw - hö be spent, cost (combo verb)

11. epjp ñih - thea treasure, gold

12. Nehl;L ñôT -- Tö currency, paper money

March 28, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 71b - continued

13. gzk;; puh - Num wealth, money

13.1 gzk; nfhL pa - Num ko - Dö pay (money) (literally, “give money”) (combo verb)

13.2 gzk; thq;F puh - Num vawng -- gö charge (money) (combo verb)

14. gTd; puh - voon gold coin, sovereign

15. nghUshjhuk; pô - roo- Law - thaw -rum economy

16. t#y; vuh - soool collection (of money)

17. tzpfk; vuh - Nea - hum trade, commerce

17.1 tzpfd; vuh - Nea - han tradesman, merchant

18. tuT va - ruh - vö income; receipts; old coin, sovereign

19. tup va - rea tax; line, streak

19.1 tup t#ypg;gtd; va - rea vuh - sooo - leap – puh - van tax collector

20. tUkhdk; va - roo - maw - num income, earning

21. thq;Fgtd;; vawng -- goo - buh - van buyer

22. thbf;ifahsd;; vaw - deak -- keiy - yaw - Lan customer

23. tpahghuk; vih - yaw - baw - rum business, commerce

24. tpiy vih - leiy price, cost, value

24.1 tpiyNawg;ngw;w vih - leiy - yé -Rup – peT – Truh costly, expensive, high priced

25. tpsk;guk; vœ - Lum - ba - rum advertisement

25.1 tpsk;gug;gLj;J vœ - Lum - ba - rup – puh - Dooth -- thö advertise (combo verb)

25.2 tpsk;guk; nra; vœ - Lum - ba - rum sehyy advertise (combo verb)

26. tpw;gizahsd; viT -- puh - Neiy - yaw - Lan salesman

Tamil Vocabulary 71c - Measurement


1. mq;Fyk; ung -- goo - lum inch

2. mb uh - dea foot

3. ms uh - Luh measure; estimate; measure out, apportionmsf;f> f;fpNwd;> mse;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4. f[k; kuh - jum yard

4.1 f[f;Nfhy; kuh - juk -- kôl yardstick

5. Jyh Jyhf;Nfhy; thoo - law balance, weigh scales

6. kl;lk; muT – Tum measure; line; limit, extent

6.1 kl;lg;gyif muT – Tup – pa - luh - heiy ruler (for a carpenter, mason etc.)

7. Kok; moo - Ļum cubit

8. iky; meiyl mile

August 27, 2012

Tamil Lesson # 72- Vocabulary - the belonging suffix72a - Belonging 72b - Suffixes 72c - Appliances & Equipment 72d - Fabricated Things 72e - Things in Nature


1. cil oo - Deiy clothes; possessions, wealth

1.1 cilik oo - Deiy - meiy property, possession

1.2 cilatu; oo - Deiy - yuh - var owner, possessor, one who possesses (takes accusative)

2. cupik oo - rea - meiy right; claim; claim of ownership

2.1 cupikg; ghuhl;bf;nfhs; oo - rea - meiy paw – rawT – Teak – koL claim to be (use with vd;W)

2.2 cupikAs;s oo - rea - meiy - yooL -- Luh rightful

2.3 cupa oo - rea - yuh proper to; peculiar to, belonging to, pertaining to

worthy of, deserving

2.4 cupajhd oo - rea - yuh - thaw - nuh belonging

2.5 cupatd; cupad; oo - rea - yuh - van proprietor, owner

3. cs;sl ooL -- Luh - duh include, comprisecs;slf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 72b - Words with Suffixes


1. fL kuh - Dö throb (as from a sting); ache (pain); be angryfLf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> fLf;Fk;

1.1 fLq;fha;r;ry; kuh - Doong -- gawyych - chal violent fever

1.2 fLq;Nfhgk; kuh - Doong -- gô - bum violent anger

1.3 fLQ;nrhy; kuh - Doognch - sol harsh word

1.4 fLe;jiu kuh - Dooñ -- tha - reiy hard soil

1.5. fLj;Jg;NgR kuh - Dooth -- thoop -- pé - sö speak harshly

1.6 fLg;G kuh - Doop -- pö throbbing, anger, displeasure, impatience

1.7 fLtpiy kuh - Doo - vea - leiy exorbitant price

2. rfghb suh - huh - paw - dea class-mate, school-mate

2.1 rfhak; suh - haw - yum help, support

2.2 rfthrk; suh - huh - vaw - sum familiarity, friendship, association

3. Rafhupak; soo - yuh - kaw - rea - yum one’s own affair or private business

3.1 Rakha; soo - yuh - mawyy of one’s own accord

3.2 RatyJ soo - yuh - va - luh - thö one’s own capacity or power

3.3 RatpUg;gk; soo - yuh - vea - roop -- pum one’s own liking

4. Juhir thoo - raw - seiy evil desire, lust

4.1. Ju;f;fPu;j;jp thoork -- keerth -- thea infamy

4.2. Ju;f;Fzkhd thoork -- koo -- Num -maw - nuh nasty, ill humoured

4.3. Ju;f;Fzk; thoork -- koo -- Num bad disposition, ill humour

4.4 Ju;r;rfthrk; thoorch - chuh - huh - vaw - sum bad association

4.5 Jw;fe;jk; thooT -- kuñ -- thum offensive smell

August 16, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 72c - Appliances & Equipment


1. fk;g;G+l;lu; kump -- poooT -- Tar computer

2. nlypNghd; Deh - lea - pôn telephone

3. epow;glf; fUtp fhkpuh ñœ - LuT -- puh - duk kuh - roo - vea camera

4. trjp vuh - suh - thea convenience; comfort; residence

4.1 trjpaw;w vuh - suh - thea - yuT -- Truh uncomfortable

4.2 trjpahd vuh - suh - thea - yaw - nuh comfortable, convenient

5. thndhypg; ngl;b vaw - no - leap peT -- Tea radio

Tamil Vocabulary 72d - Fabricated Things


1. ml;il uT -- Teiy cardboard; cover

2. <l;b eeT -- Tea lance, spear, pike

3. fl;il kuT – Teiy log, block; small stump; post

4. fk;gk; kum -- bum post, pillar; vibration, tremor

5. fyk; ka - lum vessel (hollow utensil like a bowl or cup); earthenware

6. fOkuk; kum - Ļoo - ma - rum stake (for impaling criminals)

7. $lhuk; kooo - daw - rum tent, pavilion, booth

8. rj;jpuk; suth -- thea - rum umbrella; inn, rest-home

9. rpYit sih - loo - veiy cross (of Jesus, as believed in Christendom)

10. Jthiy thoo - vaw - leiy towel

11. epow;glk; ñih - ĻuT – puh - Dum photograph

12. Efk; Efj;jb ñoo - hum yoke

13. ghz;lk; pawN – dum earthen vessel, vessel

14. Ngio pœ - Ļeiy ark, chest

15 kjpy; muh - theal wall, fort-wall, fortification

January 27, 2015

Tamil Vocabulary 72e - Things in Nature


1. miy uh - leiy wave

2. Xl;il ôT - Teiy hole

3. fsq;fk; kuh - Lung -- gum spot, mark; stain, blot, blemish

4. $ohq;fy; kooo - Ļawng -- gal small pebble, gravel stone

5. Jthuk; thoo - vaw - rum hole, gap, aperture, opening, perforation

6. nghe;J nghj;J poñ -- thö hole, hollow

7. tpwF vœ - Ruh - hö firewood

August 22, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 73- Vocabulary - impersonal subjects with the verb MF73a - Eating & Drinking 73b - Hospitality 73c - Assorted Adjectives 73d - Assorted People Nouns73e - Assorted Nouns 73f - Magic, Luck, Spiritism


1. mUe;J a - rooñ -- thö eat; drink; experiencemUe;j> fpNwd;> mUe;jpNdd;> Ntd;

2. cl;nfhs; ...nfhs;S ooT – koL take in (food, medicine)(into the mind to reflect upon)(combo verb)

3. cz; ooN feed, eatcz;z> fpNwd;> cz;Nld;> cz;Ngd;

3.1 cztsp oo - Nuh - vuh - Lea feed (i.e. give to eat)(takes the dative case) (combo verb)

cztspf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

3.2 cz;Z ooN - Nö feed, eat

cz;z> fpNwd;> cz;Nld;> cz;ZNtd;

4. rg;G sup -- pö suck, sip; munch, chewrg;g> fpNwd;> rg;gpNdd;> Ntd;

5. jhfk; thaw - hum thirst

5.1 jhfkhd thaw - huh - maw - nuh thirsty

6. tpOq;F vih - Ļoong -- gö swallow, gulptpOq;f> fpNwd;> tpOq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

Tamil Vocabulary 73b - Hospitality


1. cgrhuk; oo - buh - saw - rum courtesy, civility, hospitality

1.1 cgruiz oo - buh - sa - ruh - Neiy courtesy, civility, hospitality

1.2 cgruizahd oo - buh - sa - ruh - Neiy - yaw - nuh courteous, civil, hospitable

1.3 cgruizAs;s oo - buh - sa - ruh - Neiy - yooL -- Luh courteous, civil, hospitable

2. tpUe;J vih - rooñ -- thö feast, banquet; party

2.1 tpUe;jspg;gtu; vih - rooñ -- thuh - Leap -- puh - var host

2.2 tpUe;jpdd; vih - rooñ -- thea - nan guest, visitor; newcomer

Tamil Vocabulary 73c - Assorted Adjectives


1. me;epa uñ- ñea - yuh strange, foreign, alien

2. ru;tNjr sar - vuh - thé - suh international

3. FuLKulhd koo - ruh - doo - moo - ruh - daw - nuh rough, uneven

4. %u;f;f mooork – kuh vicious, furious

5. tStSg;ghd vuh - Loo - vuh - Loop - paw - nuh slimy

October 18, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 73d - Assorted People Nouns


1. fd;dp kan -- nea virgin, maiden, young unmarried woman

1.1 fd;dpif kan -- nea - heiy virgin, unmarried girl

2. NtiynfhLg;gtu; vé - leiy - ko - Doop -- puh - var employer

73e - Assorted Nouns


1. Ftpak; koo - vea - yum focus

2. Fg;ig koop - peiy heap; clump; rubbish, fragments

3. $sk; kooo - Lum chaff, rubbish of straw

4. gl;bay; puT – Tea - yal list

73f - Magic, Luck, Spiritism


1. mjp\;lk; mjpu;\;lk; uh - theash -- Dum luck, fortune

1.1 mjp\;l mjpu;\;l uh - theash -- Duh lucky, fortunate

2. Mtpf;nfhs;if aw - veak -- koL -- heiy spiritism

3. MtpAyj;j njhlu;G aw - vea - yoo - luth -- thuh tho - Dar -- bö spiritism

4. Fwp koo - Rea mark, sign, symbol; omen; divination

4.1 Fwp ghu; koo - Rea pawr practise divination (combo verb)

4.2 FwpapL koo - Rea - yea - Dö mark, stamp (combo verb)

5. Nrhjplk; sô - thea - Dum astrology

5.1 Nrhjplu; sô - thea - Dar astrologer

6. jhaj;J thaw - yuth -- thö amulet

7. gpy;yp gpy;yp#dpak; pil -- lea witchcraft, sorcery

8. ke;jpup muñ -- thea - rea enchant (with mantras), recite magical formulaeke;jpupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

8.1 ke;jpup muñ -- thea - rea minister, counsellor; one who foretells events

8.2 khake;jpuk; maw - yuh - muñ -- thea - rum magic

October 18, 2009

Tamil Lesson # 74- Vocabulary74a - Third List of Transitive Verbs 74b - Second List of Transitive and Intransitive Verb Pairs74c - Additional Intransitive Verbs


1. miw uh - Reiy slap, strike (hand, flat object); hammer (nail); beat (drum)

miwa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

2. ,wf;F ih - Ruk – kö lower, put down, bring down,wf;f> fpNwd;> ,wf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

3. <u; eer draw, attract, pull<u;f;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

4. cUl;L oo - rooT – Tö roll (ball, wheel etc.), whirlcUl;l> fpNwd;> cUl;bNdd;> Ntd;

5. Cd;W ooon -- DRö place firmly; be intent uponCd;w> fpNwd;> Cd;wpNdd;> Ntd;

6. xg;Gtp op – poo - vea deliver, surrender, give overxg;Gtpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

7. flj;J kuh - Duth -- thö drive out, banish; transportflj;j> fpNwd;> flj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

8. fj;jup kuth – thuh - rea cut with scissors, shears, clip, snipfj;jupf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

9. Fil koo - deiy scoop; perforate; annoy, troubleFila> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

10. Fj;J kooth - thö puncture, prick; jab, stab, pierceFj;j> fpNwd;> Fj;jpNdd;> Ntd;

11. FYf;F koo - look – kö shake, shake up; jolt, agitateFYf;f> fpNwd;> FYf;fpNdd;> Ntd;

12. nfhl;L koT -- Tö beat (drum); clap (hands); cast outnfhl;l> fpNwd;> l;bNdd;> Ntd;

13. rpe;J siñ – thö spill, shed; diffuserpe;j> fpNwd;> rpe;jpNdd;> Ntd;

14. nrytop seh - luh - vuh - Ļea spend, consume, use upnrytopf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

15. jOT thuh - Ļoo - vö embrace, clasp; adopt (an opinion, course of life)

jOt> fpNwd;> jOtpNdd;> Ntd;

16. nehWf;F ño - Rook – kö break, crush, smash (into pieces)

NehWf;f> fpNwd;> nehWf;;fpNdd;> Ntd;

17. gpLq;F pih - doong – gö pull out, pull off; pluck up, snatchgpLq;f> fpNwd;> gpLq;fpNdd;> Ntd;

18. kpjp mih - thea step on, tread down, trample onkpjpf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

19. thU vaw - rö take up, gather; remove out of the worldthu> fpNwd;> thupNdd;> Ntd;

19.1 thupf; nfhz;L Ngh vaw - reak koN – Dö pô take away, sweep away (double verb)

October 18, 2009

Tamil Vocabulary 74b - 2nd List of Transitive & Intransitive Verb Pairs


1. fop kœ - Ļea spend (time); cast off, detach; deductfopf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

1.1 fop kœ - Ļea pass (time, prosperity, adversity etc.), be spentfopa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

2. Eio ñoo - Ļeiy cause to enter, insertEiof;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2.1 Eio ñoo - Ļeiy slip in, penetrate, enter

Eioa> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

3. gps pœ - Luh

gpsf;f> f;fpwJ> e;jJ> gpsf;Fk; be split, crack, be blown up

gpsf;f> f;fpNwd;> j;Njd;> g;Ngd; split, crack, tear open, blow up

4. gps; gps;S pœL be burst, open, be broken, be crumbledgps;s> fpwJ> gpz;lJ> gps;Sk;

4.1 gpl; piT break, break open, break apartgpl;f> gpl;fpNwd;> gpl;Nld;> gpl;Ngd;

Tamil Vocabulary 74c - Additional Intransitive Verbs


1. mz;zh uN – Naw look upwardmz;zhf;f> f;fpNwd;> e;Njd;> g;Ngd;

2. mkpo; uh – mœĻ be immersed, be plunged; sinkmkpo> fpNwd;> e;Njd;> Ntd;

3. ,WF ea - Roo - hö become tight (bandage, knot etc.)

,Wf> fpwJ> ,WfpdJ> ,WFk;

4. <LgL ee - doo - buh - Dö be engrossed, be entangled, be involved<Lgl> fpNwd;> <Lgl;Nld;> Ntd;

5. cjp oo – thea rise (sun, moon); arise (come into existence)

cjpf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> cjpf;Fk;

6. cjpu; cjpU oo - thear fall off (leaves, fruits, hair), be shaken; crumblecjpu> fpwJ> cjpu;e;jJ> cjpUk;

7. fhzhkw; Ngh kaw - Naw - muT pô get lost (combo verb)

8. rpt sea - vuh redden, be red, blush; be angryrptf;f> f;fpwJ> e;jJ> f;Fk;

9. Jg;G thoop – pö spitJg;g> fpNwd;> Jg;gpNdd;> Ntd;

December 31, 2014

Tamil Vocabulary 74c - Additional Intransitive Verbs

10. epyT ñih - luh - vö shine; be in vogue, in force, in circulation; spread

epyt> fpwJ> epytpdJ> epyTk;

11. ghW paw - Rö flee, run; give way, fall downghw> fpNwd;> ghwpNdd;> Ntd;

11.1 ,isg;ghW ih - Leiyp – paw - Rö rest, take a rest (combo verb)

12. nghq;F pông – gö boil, bubble up; ferment; swell; be elatednghq;f> fpwJ> nghq;fpdJ> nghq;Fk;

13. kPe;jpU meeñ – thea - rö remain, be left, be left overkPe;jpUf;f> f;fpwJ> e;jJ> f;Fk;

14. tb vuh - dea percolate, trickle; flowtba> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

15. top vuh - Ļea flow down, drip througu; overflowtopa> fpwJ> e;jJ> Ak;

16. tpahgp vih - yaw - bea pervade, be diffusivetphgpf;f> f;fpwJ> j;jJ> f;Fk;

January 22, 2007

words formed from vowels and consonants only · 2016-08-07 · - there are not many tamil words...

Documents