work. energy. power. physical work work (w) is defined as the force (f) times the distance (s) moved...
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Work. Energy. Power
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Physical work
• Work (W) is defined as the force (F) times the distance (s) moved in the direction of the force (cosΘ)
• NB! Θ is angle between the applied force and tirection of motion
• If there are no movement in the direction of force, then no work is done
• Work is scalar quantity• Work is measured in joules (1J = 1Nm=1kgm2s-2)
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Work vs Energy• Work done is equal to converted energy
• When work is done, energy is converted to different types.• Kinetic energy (Ek or KE) is the energy a body because it is
moving• Potential energy (Ep or PE) is the energy stored in a body
or in a system due to its position in a force field or due to its configuration– Gravitational potential energy is the energy a body has because
of its position in vertical height relative to a given point (height from surface of earth)
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Kinetic energy
• m – mass of body• v – velocity (speed) of body• Kinetic energy is scalar quantity measured in
joules (1J)
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Gravitational potential energy
• m – mass of body• g=9.81 ms-2 – gravitational acceleration• Δh – change in height (vertical)• Potential energy is scalar quantity measured in
joules (1J)
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Conservation of energy
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only changed form one form to another
• There are many different forms of energy:– kinetic energy;– potential energy;– elastic potential energy;– heat energy;– light energy;– sound energy;– chemical energy;– electrical energy;– magnetic energy;– nuclear energy;– etc
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Power
• Power (P) is measure how fast work (W) is done or how quickly energy is converted (ΔE):
• Δt – is time taken in seconds• Power is scalar quantity measured in watts
(1W=1Js-1=1kgm2s-3)
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Efficiency
• Efficiency is a ratio of how much work, energy or power we get out of a system compared to how much is put in
• Efficiency is scalar quantity and has no unit! It is measured usually in percentages.
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SAMPLE 1
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SAMPLE 2
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Sample 3
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Sample 4 (1/2)
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Sample 4 (2/2)
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Sample 5
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Sample 6