165

Work & Industry in Tredegar

during the 19th century

A Key Stage 2

Educational Resource Pack

Part 5—Using the Census

166

Using the evidence collected by the

census, we can find out how many people

lived in each house, their names, how old

they were, where they were born, how

they were related and what jobs they had.

We can use a document called the census to find out what work people

did during the 19th century from 1841 to 1901. The census survey was

carried out for every house in the whole country and was made every 10

years. Later censuses provide more information than earlier ones.

How can we find out more about the jobs

that people did during the 19th century?

167

We are going to look at the people who lived in a row or short terrace of

houses called Plumber’s (or Plummer’s) Row in Tredegar.

We will start with the 1891 census and then compare this with the 1851

census for the same row of houses.

Some notes to help you with the 1891 census:

This was the first census to record the language spoken by everyone in

Wales aged 3 or above. A person who spoke Welsh only was written as

‘Welsh’; or English only was written as ‘English’. However a person who

could speak English and Welsh was written as ‘Both’.

A colliery is the same as a coal mine.

A haulier is someone who controls the horses and wagons (called

drams) that bring coal or ironstone in and out of a mine or colliery.

A scholar was a child who attended school during the day.

168

Here is the first part of the 1891 census for Plumber’s Row.

169

Here is the second part of the 1891 census for Plumber’s Row.

There are typed copies of each census sheet on the next pages.

170

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female

Age Occupation Where Born Language spoken

1 Plumers Row

OWENS, Howell Head Married M 40 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

OWENS, Mary Wife Married F 39 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

OWENS, William Son Single M 6 Scholar Tredegar, Monmouthshire English

OWENS, Thomas J Son Single M 3 Scholar Tredegar, Monmouthshire English

OWENS, Mary A Daughter Single F 1 Tredegar, Monmouthshire

2 Plumers Row

ABRAHAM, Benjamin Head Married M 53 Coal Miner Dukestown, Brecknockshire Both

ABRAHAM, Margaret Wife Married F 49 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

ABRAHAM, John Son Single M 15 Coal Miner Dukestown, Brecknockshire English

ABRAHAM, Abraham Son Single M 7 Tredegar, Monmouthshire English

171

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female

Age Occupation Where Born Language spoken

3 Plumers Row

PRICE, David Head Married M 34 Haulier in Coal Mine

Rhymney, Monmouthshire Both

PRICE, Elizabeth Wife Married F 29 Rhymney, Monmouthshire Both

PRICE, David R Son M 7 Rhymney, Monmouthshire English

PRICE, Sarah J Daughter F 5 Tredegar, Monmouthshire English

PRICE, Harriet A Daughter F 11M Tredegar, Monmouthshire

4 Plumers Row

LEWIS, William Head Married M 46 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

LEWIS, Elizabeth Wife Married F 40 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

LEWIS, Thomas Son M 10 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

LEWIS, Llewellyn Son M 8 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

172

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female

Age Occupation Where Born Language spoken

5 Plumers Row

JONES, Robert Head Married M 50 Haulier Scwrfa, Brecknockshire Welsh

JONES, Joanna Wife Married F 49 Sirhowy, Monmouthshire Welsh

JONES, Martha J Daughter Single F 21 Working On Colliery Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

JONES, Watkin Son Single M 15 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

JONES, John Son Single M 10 Scholar Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

6 Plumers Row

WIGLEY, John Head Married M 40 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

WIGLEY, Eliza Wife Married F 41 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

WIGLEY, Ellen Daughter Single F 12 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

WIGLEY, David Son Single M 15 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

WIGLEY, Thomas Son Single M 3 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

WIGLEY, Margery Daughter Single F 10 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

WIGLEY, Charlotte Daughter Single F 6 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

DAVIES, Metress Boarder Married M 26 Coal Miner Pontypool, Monmouthshire Both

173

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female

Age Occupation Where Born Language spoken

7 Plumers Row

JONES, Jane Head Widow F 78 North Wales Both

JONES, Maurice Son Single M 31 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both

8 Plumers Row

ROBERTS, Edward Head Married M 68 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

ROBERTS, Hannah Wife Married F 70 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

ROBERTS, David Son Single M 26 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

ROBERTS, Edward Grandson Single M 13 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

CLEMENTS, Thomas Son in law Married M 30 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

CLEMENTS, Margaret Daughter Married F 30 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

CLEMENTS, Sarah A Grand-daughter

Single F 7 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

CLEMENTS, Richard Grandson Single M 3 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

CLEMENTS, Margaret Grand-daughter

Single F 6M Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh

174

After studying each of the 1891 census sheets carefully:

Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs).

Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to

earn a living.

Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had.

Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person

with a job?

Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those

aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and

those aged over 60.

What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have?

Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women

and girls had.

175

Next, we are going to look at Plumber’s Row for the 1851 census.

Most of the 1851 census was completed in Welsh however English

translations are provided for all the sheets.

If you would prefer to work directly from original census sheets in

English only, there are copies of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row at

the end of this section (pp.181-186) although please note that houses

numbered 6 to 8 are missing from the original census returns for 1861.

Some extra notes to help you with the 1851 census:

This was the first census to record the place where everyone was born.

Ironstone or the rock that contained iron ore was called ‘mine’. This

means that a ‘miner’ was someone who worked in an ironstone mine but

not a coal mine. Coal mines were almost always called ‘collieries’ and

miners of coal were called ‘colliers’ at this time rather than ‘miners!’

Women often worked as labourers underground and above ground on

the ‘patches’ gathering, cleaning, filling and unloading drams with iron-

stone or ‘mine’ as it was known at the time.

176

Here is the first part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row.

177

Here is the second part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row.

178

Here is the third part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row.

There are typed copies of each of the 3 census sheets including

English translations on the next pages.

179

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 1 Plumbers Row

DAVIES, Daniel Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 34 Mwynwr Sir Gaerfyrddin, Cilycwm

DAVIES, Ann Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 24 Sir Fynwy, Tredegar

DAVIES, Elizabeth Merch F 2 Sir Fynwy, Tredegar

DAVIES, Mary Ann Merch F 11 mon Sir Fynwy, Tredegar

No. 2 Plumbers Row

JONES, Hugh Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 39 Mwynwr Sir Feirionydd, Clewyn

JONES, Jane Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 35 Sir Gaernarfon, Pwllheli

JONES, Edward Mab M 12 Mwynwr Sir Feirionydd, Llanaber

JONES, Robert Mab M 9 Mwynwr Sir Frycheiniog, Llangynidr?

JONES, John Mab M 6 Ysgolor Sir Fynwy, Tredegar

JONES, Ann Merch F 8 mis Sir Fynwy, Tredegar

THOMAS, Robert Nai yng nghyfraith M 9 Ysgolor Sir Gaernarfon, Tremadog

THOMAS, Eunice Nith yng nghyfraith F 6 Sir Fynwy, Tredegar

THOMAS, Richard Nai yng nghyfraith M 4 Sir Fynwy, Tredegar

180

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 1 Plumbers Row

DAVIES, Daniel Head Married M 34 Miner Carmarthenshire, Cilycwm

DAVIES, Ann Wife Married F 24 Monmouthshire, Tredegar

DAVIES, Elizabeth Daughter F 2 Monmouthshire, Tredegar

DAVIES, Mary Ann Daughter F 11 mon Monmouthshire, Tredegar

No. 2 Plumbers Row

JONES, Hugh Head Married M 39 Miner Merionethshire, Clewyn

JONES, Jane Wife Married F 35 Carnarvonshire, Pwllheli

JONES, Edward Son M 12 Miner Merionethshire, Llanaber

JONES, Robert Son M 9 Miner Brecknockshire, Llangynidr?

JONES, John Son M 6 Scholar Monmouthshire, Tredegar

JONES, Ann Daughter F 8 mon Monmouthshire, Tredegar

THOMAS, Robert Nephew in law M 9 Scholar Carnarvonshire, Tremadog

THOMAS, Eunice Neice in law F 6 Monmouthshire, Tredegar

THOMAS, Richard Nephew in law M 4 Monmouthshire, Tredegar

English translation

181

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation , Disability Where Born

No. 3 Plumbers Row

WILLIAMS, William Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 52 Mwynwr Glamorganshire, Merthyr

WILLIAMS, Mary Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 54 Carmarthenshire, Cydweli

WILLIAMS, Isaac Mab M 20 Mwynwr Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

WILLIAMS, Rachel Merch F 11 Gwniadyddes Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

WILLIAMS, John Penteulu M 29 Mwyn Gloddiwr Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

WILLIAMS, Joice Gwraig F 29 Sir Gaerfyrddin, Abernant?

No. 4 Plumbers Row

PRICE, Thomas Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 42 Haulier Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

PRICE, Janet Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 33 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

PRICE, Thomas Mab M 12 Mwynwr Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

PRICE, Daniel Mab M 6 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

PRICE, Ann Merch F 3 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

PRICE, Elizabeth Merch F 9 mon Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

182

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation , Disability Where Born

No. 3 Plumbers Row

WILLIAMS, William Head Married M 52 Miner Glamorganshire, Merthyr

WILLIAMS, Mary Wife Married F 54 Carmarthenshire, Kidwelly

WILLIAMS, Isaac Son M 20 Miner Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

WILLIAMS, Rachel Daughter F 11 Dressmaker Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

WILLIAMS, John Head M 29 Miner (ironstone) Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

WILLIAMS, Joice Wife F 29 Carmarthenshire, Abernant?

No. 4 Plumbers Row

PRICE, Thomas Head Married M 42 Haulier Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

PRICE, Janet Wife Married F 33 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

PRICE, Thomas Son M 12 Miner Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

PRICE, Daniel Son M 6 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

PRICE, Ann Daughter F 3 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

PRICE, Elizabeth Daughter F 9 mon Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

English translation

183

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 5 Plumbers Row

EVANS, Morgan Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 41 Haulier Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

EVANS, Ann Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 30 Sir Frycheiniog, Aberedw

EVANS, Catherine Merch F 9 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

EVANS, Walter Mab M 5 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

EVANS, Morgan Mab M 1 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

WILLIAMS, Daniel Ymwelydd Heb Briodi M 24 Mwynwr Sir Gaerfyrddin, Llangendeirne

DAVIES, David Ymwelydd Heb Briodi M 24 Haulier Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

No. 6 Plumbers Row

JONES, Thomas Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 56 Mwynwr Sir Drefaldwyn, Machynlleth

JONES, Elizabeth Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 48 Sir Feirionydd, Pennal

JONES, David Mab Heb Briodi M 23 Mwynwr Sir Feirionydd, Tywyn

JONES, Richard Mab M 8 Ysgolor Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

184

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 5 Plumbers Row

EVANS, Morgan Head Married M 41 Haulier Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

EVANS, Ann Wife Married F 30 Brecknockshire, Aberedw

EVANS, Catherine Daughter F 9 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

EVANS, Walter Son M 5 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

EVANS, Morgan Son M 1 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

WILLIAMS, Daniel Visitor Unmarried M 24 Miner Carmarthenshire, Llangendeirne

DAVIES, David Visitor Unmarried M 24 Haulier Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

No. 6 Plumbers Row

JONES, Thomas Head Married M 56 Miner Montgomeryshire, Machynlleth

JONES, Elizabeth Wife Married F 48 Merionethshire, Pennal

JONES, David Son Unmarried M 23 Miner Merionethshire, Tywyn

JONES, Richard Son M 8 Scholar Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

English translation

185

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 7 Plumbers Row

MARTTIN, Ann Penteulu Gweddw F 36 Mine Labour Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, Hannah Merch Heb Briodi F 15 Mine Labour Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, Charles Mab M 8 Ysgolor Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, Elizabeth Merch F 6 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, Ann Merch F 4 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, William Mab M 2 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty

No. 8 Plumbers Row

JENKINS, Evan Head Married M 28 Iron Miner Brecknockshire, Defynnog

JENKINS, Mary Wife Married F 23 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

JENKINS, Gwenllian Daughter F 2 Brecknockshire, Llangynidr

186

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 7 Plumbers Row

MARTTIN, Ann Head Widow F 36 Mine Labour Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, Hannah Daughter Unmarried F 15 Mine Labour Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, Charles Son M 8 Scholar Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, Elizabeth Daughter F 6 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, Ann Daughter F 4 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

MARTTIN, William Son M 2 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

No. 8 Plumbers Row

JENKINS, Evan Head Married M 28 Iron Miner Brecknockshire, Defynnog

JENKINS, Mary Wife Married F 23 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty

JENKINS, Gwenllian Daughter F 2 Brecknockshire, Llangynidr

English translation

187

After studying the 1851 census sheets carefully:

Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs).

Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to

earn a living.

Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had.

Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person

with a job?

Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those

aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and

aged over 60.

What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have?

Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women

and girls had.

What are the differences with your findings for 1891?

188

Here is the first part of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row.

189

Here is the second part of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row.

There is a typed copy of each of the 2 census sheets on the next page.

Numbers 6 to 8 are missing from the original census.

190

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 1 Plumbers Row

MORGAN, David Head Married M 55 Iron Miner Llywel, Breconshire

MORGAN, Mary Wife Married F 48 Llanfairarybryn, Carmarthenshire

MORGAN, Elisabeth Daughter Unmarried F 23 Unloading Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

MORGAN, Mary Daughter Unmarried F 18 Unloading Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

MORGAN, Ann Daughter Unmarried F 18 Unloading Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

MORGAN, Caroline Daughter Unmarried F 6 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

No. 2 Plumbers Row

LEWIS, Lewis Head Married M 40 Coal Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Sarah Wife Married F 39 Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Daniel Son Unmarried M 20 Iron Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Margaret Daughter Unmarried F 18 Gathering Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Catherine Daughter Unmarried F 15 Gathering Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Mary Daughter Unmarried F 12 Gathering Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Rebecca Daughter F 10 Gathering Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Elisabeth Daughter F 5 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

191

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 3 Plumbers Row

BEBB, John Head Married M 27 Coal Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

BEBB, Rachel Wife Married F 24 Merthyr, Glamorganshire

BEBB, John Son M 5 Scholar Merthyr, Glamorganshire

BEBB, William Son M 3 Scholar Merthyr, Glamorganshire

HOWELLS, Mary Boarder Unmarried F 22 Coal filler Merthyr, Glamorganshire

No. 4 Plumbers Row

JONES, Elizabeth Head Widow F 59 House Keeper Montgomeryshire, Wales

JONES, Richard Son Unmarried M 38 Coal Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

WILLIAM, Richard Lodger Widower M 69 Coal Miner Breconshire

192

Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born

No. 5 Plumbers Row

LEWIS, Thomas Head Married M 44 Coal Miner Breconshire

LEWIS, Rachel Wife Married F 42 Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Margaret Daughter Unmarried F 18 Iron Mine Filler Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, John Son Unmarried M 15 Coal Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Ann Daughter F 13 Iron Mine Filler Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Elisabeth Daughter F 10 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Mary Daughter F 8 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

LEWIS, Hannah Daughter F 6 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

RICHARDS, Frances Boarder Unmarried F 25 Iron Mine Filler Bedwellty, Monmouthshire

193

After studying the 1861 census sheets carefully:

Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs).

Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to

earn a living.

Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had.

Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person

with a job?

Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those

aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and

aged over 60.

What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have?

Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women and girls

had.

What are the differences with your findings for 1891?