work zone safety - iowa state university
TRANSCRIPT
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Work Zone Safety
Daniel Sprengeler, PE
Traffic Control Engineer
Office of Traffic & Safety
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Session Objectives
Basic Work Zone Statistics
Understanding the Fundamental Principles of
MUTCD Part 6
Workers Perspective on Safety
Video: “The ABC’s of Work Zone Safety”
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
Who is more likely to be killed in a work
zone? (Driver or Worker)
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
Who is more likely to be killed in a work
zone? (Driver or Worker)
Since 1992 in Iowa – 141 fatalities
– 124 motorists, 88%
– 17 workers, 12%
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
Who is more likely to be killed in a work
zone? (Driver or Worker)
Since 1992 in Iowa – 141 fatalities
– 124 motorists, 88%
– 17 workers, 12%
Since 2002 in Iowa – 58 fatalities
– 54 motorists, 93%
– 4 workers, 7%
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
What is the most common type of work
zone crash?
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
What is the most common type of work
zone crash?
Historically, rear-end crashes account for
90% of all work zone crashes.
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
Are the majority of worker fatalities caused
by motorists or by other workers?
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
Are the majority of worker fatalities caused
by motorists or by other workers?
Approximately two-thirds (62%) of worker
fatalities are caused by fellow workers
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
What is the leading cause of worker
fatalities?
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
What is the leading cause of worker
fatalities?
Backups / run over (46%), over half were
dump trucks
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
What is the leading cause of worker
fatalities?
Backups / run over (46%), over half were
dump trucks
Caught between or struck by construction
equipment (16%)
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
What is the leading cause of worker
fatalities?
Backups / run over (46%), over half were
dump trucks
Caught between or struck by construction
equipment (16%)
Collision between vehicles (16%)
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Basic Work Zone Statistics
Summary:
– motorists are killed by motorists
– Workers are killed by construction activities
When it comes to worker safety, workers
have much control over their working
environment and safety.
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Fundamental Principles
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
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Fundamental Principles
Traffic safety is an integral and high-priority
element of every project
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Fundamental Principles
Traffic safety is an integral and high-priority
element of every project
– Basic principles of permanent highway design
govern design of TTC plans
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Fundamental Principles
Traffic safety is an integral and high-priority
element of every project
– Basic principles of permanent highway design
govern design of TTC plans
– TTC plan prepared by trained and knowledgeable
persons
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Fundamental Principles
Traffic movement should be inhibited as little
as possible
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Fundamental Principles
Traffic movement should be inhibited as little
as possible
– Motorists will reduce speed only if they perceive a
reason to do so
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Fundamental Principles
Traffic movement should be inhibited as little
as possible
– Motorists will reduce speed only if they perceive a
reason to do so
– Frequent and abrupt changes in geometrics
should be avoided
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Fundamental Principles
Traffic movement should be inhibited as little
as possible
– Motorists will reduce speed only if they perceive a
reason to do so
– Frequent and abrupt changes in geometrics
should be avoided
– Consider safe operation of work vehicles
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Fundamental Principles
Traffic movement should be inhibited as little
as possible
– Motorists will reduce speed only if they perceive a
reason to do so
– Frequent and abrupt changes in geometrics
should be avoided
– Consider safe operation of work vehicles
– Minimize construction time
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Fundamental Principles
Provide motorists with clear and positive
guidance
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Fundamental Principles
Provide motorists with clear and positive
guidance
– Provide proper warning, delineation, and
channelization of the work zone
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Fundamental Principles
Provide motorists with clear and positive
guidance
– Provide proper warning, delineation, and
channelization of the work zone
– Remove or cover conflicting traffic controls (signs,
pavement markings, etc)
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Fundamental Principles
Regular inspection and maintenance of TTC
zones.
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Fundamental Principles
Regular inspection and maintenance of TTC
zones.
– Ensure that TTC devices are effective, visible,
clean, correct
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Fundamental Principles
Regular inspection and maintenance of TTC
zones.
– Ensure that TTC devices are effective, visible,
clean, correct
– Maintain or replace devices that are moved or
damaged
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Fundamental Principles
Regular inspection and maintenance of TTC
zones.
– Ensure that TTC devices are effective, visible,
clean, correct
– Maintain or replace devices that are moved or
damaged
– Note evidence of erratic maneuvers and/or
crashes and take appropriate action
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MUTCD Part 6
The MUTCD contains minimum requirements
for Temporary Traffic Control assuming the
following criteria:
– Good weather
– Daytime operation
– Normal traffic volumes traveling at design speed
– Average driver (good health, good vision, 15 yrs.
of driving experience)
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MUTCD Part 6
Minimum requirement may be okay for
average conditions
With each deviation from average the safety
level decreases
– Night
– Poor weather
– Less than average driver
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MUTCD Part 6
Negative Factors
Most drivers use low-beam headlights
– aimed toward the right side of the road
– Objects on the left side receive 60% as much light
as objects on right side
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MUTCD Part 6
Negative Factors
Poor weather (rain, fog, snow)
– Much of the light of headlights is lost on its way to
the traffic control device and an equal amount is
lost on its way back to the driver
– Pavement friction loss
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MUTCD Part 6
Negative Factors
Poorly maintained traffic control devices
– Dirty (Over 50% reduction in effectiveness due to
construction dust)
– Incorrect orientation
– Damaged or missing devices
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MUTCD Part 6
Negative Factors
Driver
– Younger drivers with less experience
– Older drivers with poorer vision and slowed
reflexes
– Drivers under the influence of legal and illegal
substances
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MUTCD Part 6
Negative Factors
Driver
– Unfamiliar drivers can become confused
– Familiar drivers on auto-pilot
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Vision / Visibility
Vision – eyesight (internal to the driver)
Age
Corrective Lenses
Ambient Light (headlights)
Car Windshield
Weather
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Vision / Visibility
Visibility – target value (external to driver)
Size
Brightness
Position
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Visibility
Iowa DOT accommodations for visibility
Larger fluorescent orange signs and devices
Wider pavement markings
Proper placement of signs and devices
No cones permitted at night
Hi-Viz clothing at all times
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Worker Visibility Rule
Rule
All workers within the right-of-way of a Federal-aid
highway who are exposed either to traffic (vehicles
using the highway for purposes of travel) or to
construction equipment within the work area shall
wear high-visibility safety apparel.
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Worker Visibility Rule
Purpose
Decrease the likelihood of worker fatalities or injuries
caused by motor vehicles and construction vehicles
and equipment while working within the right-of-way
on Federal-aid highways.
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Worker Visibility Rule
Close proximity within the highway right-of-way on Federal-aid
highways.
High-visibility safety apparel personal protective safety clothing to provide
conspicuity during both daytime and nighttime usage,
ANSI 107 Class 2 or 3
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Worker Visibility Rule
Workers
people on foot whose duties place them within the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway, – construction and maintenance forces,
– survey crews, utility crews,
– responders to incidents,
– law enforcement personnel when directing traffic, investigating crashes, etc.
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Worker Visibility
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DOT PPE Requirements
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Worker VisibilityDOT and Contractor Employees
• Both PPM 230.05 and Specification 2528.03,L,05 Will Be Updated
• Applies to both DOT Staff and Contractor Employees
• Effective for all Construction projects in 2014 per Jan. 31, 2014
• On Interstate, Primary Highways, and Other Roadways:
• During daytime hours, Class 2 Apparel; Unless in Vehicle Cab
• and Class E Pants or Shin Reflectors at Night, Unless in
Vehicle Cab
• Flaggers Comply with October 2013 Flagger’s Handbook
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ANSI 107 Safety Apparel
National Standard for hi-viz worker apparel
Provides detailed information on manufacture and testing of safety apparel
Requires classification and care tag in garment
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ANSI 107 Safety Apparel
Standards Information
American National Standards Institute
www.ANSI.org
International Safety Equipment Association
www.safetyequipment.org
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Components of Temporary Traffic
Control Zones
Advance Warning Area
Transition Area
– Tapers
Activity Area
– Buffer Space
– Work Space
Termination Area
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Standard Road Plans
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Standard Road Plans
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Standard Road Plans
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Channelizing Devices
Used in tapers to move traffic
Delineate safe travel path
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Channelizing Devices
Types
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Channelizing Devices
Types
– Cones for daytime use only
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Channelizing Devices
Types
– Tubular markers for TLTWO
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Channelizing Devices
Types
– Drums for lane closures and lane shifts
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Channelizing Devices
Types
– Type 3 barricades for closures
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Channelizing Devices
Types
– 42-inch channelizers for general delineation
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Channelizing Devices
Types
– Temporary Lane Separator System (TLSS)
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Channelizing Devices
Details in MUTCD Part 6
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Questions
Daniel Sprengeler, P.E.
Iowa Department of Transportation
515-239-1823