Working group L-EPPR07 June 2013

International environmental and propulsion performance requirementsfor L-category vehicles – EC perspective

Informal Document: EPPR-03-05e(3rd EPPR Session – June 7, 2013)

Test type I emission laboratory tests (common for 2-, 3- or 4-wheels)

• The exhaust gas will be collected in sample bags and analysed after the test is finished.

• The test result for the constituents THC, CO, NOx and PM is expressed in milligrams per driven kilometre. CO2 in g/km

• This represents the amount in grams of pollutants, emitted in average by the vehicle when driving 1000 m.

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Emission laboratory test cycle

• The vehicle speed trace of a certain driving cycle is projected on the screen in front of the rider / driver.

• The driver must operate the vehicle such that the actual and desired (programmed) vehicle speed exactly match.

• If there is no perfect match of actual and desired vehicle speed the test will be declared as invalid.

WMTC Cycle - Phases

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Time (s)

Sp

ee

d (

km

/h)

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3

3

Emission laboratory test cycle

• Other examples of L-category vehicles tested on tailpipe emissions

Two wheels

Three wheels

Four wheels4

Test type I emission laboratory test• WMTC

• Conclusion EC, should be applicable for L-category vehicles.

• The advantages of moving to one single test cycle for L-category vehicles outweigh by far its single disadvantage (adaptation manufacturers to new test cycle for certain L-vehicle categories). This single disadvantage is mitigated by an extremely long transition time in the EU.

WMTC Cycle - Phases

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Time (s)

Sp

ee

d (

km

/h)

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3

5

• Replace conventional ECE47 test cycle used to type approve L1e (mopeds and light scooters), L2 (three-wheel mopeds) and L6e (light quadricycles) with a new test cycle based on urban, low vehicle speed, part 1 of WMTC test cycle.

New test cycle (bottom) based on urban (low vehicle speed)

fraction of WMTC test

cycle replacing traditional

ECE47 cycle (top)

Test type I emission laboratory tests

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Test type I emission laboratory tests

Chassis dynamometer load adsorption curve

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Test type I emission laboratory tests

The load absorbed by the brake and the chassis dynamometer reflecting internal frictional effects :

F = (a + b·v2) ±0.1·F80 (without being negative)where:F = total load absorbed by the chassis dynamometer (N),a = value equivalent to rolling resistance (N),b = value equivalent to coefficient of air resistance (N/(km/h)2),v = vehicle speed (km/h),F80 = load at 80 km/h (N).

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Structure EU Regulation on Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements (REPPR)

• Annexes II and V of Regulation 168/2013 (L60, 2.3.2013, p. 52) propose high level structure and provide the general framework

1. Environmental performance test procedures related to e.g. measurement of exhaust emissions, evaporative emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, fuel or energy consumption, electric range etc.;

2. Test procedures maximum design vehicle speed, maximum torque, maximum continuous rated and net power;

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Draft EU Regulation on Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements (REPPR) - environmental test requirements - structure

• The draft EU delegated act REPPR contains the following annexes:

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Annex Number

Annex title

I Test type I requirements: tailpipe emissions after cold start

II Test type II requirements: tailpipe emissions at (increased idle) / free acceleration test

III Test type III requirements: emissions of crankcase gases

IV Test type IV requirements: evaporative emissions

V Test type V requirements: durability of pollution control devices

VI Test type VII requirements: measurement of CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, electric energy consumption and electric range determination

VII Test type VIII requirements: environmental on-board diagnostic (OBD) tests

VIII Test type IX requirements:  sound level

IX Test procedures and technical requirements on propulsion performance

X Vehicle and propulsion family definition

XI Amendment of Annex V to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013

Draft EU Regulation on Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements (REPPR) - environmental test requirements - structure

• Annex I of the draft EU delegated act REPPR contains the following appendices:

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Appendix Number

Appendix title

1 Used symbols in Annex I2 Reference fuels3 Chassis dynamometer system4 Dilution system5 Equivalent inertia mass and running resistance6 Driving cycles for Type I tests7 Road tests of a L-category vehicle equipped with one wheel on the

powered axle or twinned wheels for the determination of test bench settings

8 Road tests of a L-category vehicle with two or more wheels on the powered axle(s) for the determination of test bench settings.

9 Explanatory note on gearshift procedure for the Type I test

10 Type-approval tests of replacement pollution control devices for a L-category vehicle as separate technical unit

11 Type I test procedure for a hybrid L-category vehicle12 Type I test procedure for a L-category vehicle fuelled with LPG,

NG/biomethane, flex fuel H2NG or Hydrogen

13 Type I test procedure for a L-category vehicle equipped with a periodically regenerating system

Proposal EC to structure output of L-EPPR working group

• 1998 Agreement, use base proposals from India and Japan

• Expand scope of GTR No 2 and extend to new GTRs:

• Include engine displacement < 50 cm3

• Two- and three-wheel vehicles only under the 1998 Agreement

• GTR No 2: test types I, II, V and VII

• New GTR: test types III and IV

• New GTR: test type VIII, to be discussed if functional OBD can be included.

• New GTR: propulsion performance (max vehicle design speed, max torque and power) 12

Proposal EC to structure output of L-EPPR working group

• 1958 Agreement

• EC neutral with regard to structure either:

• replicate structure of R83 & R101 (include all environmental test types in one new UN Regulation and the propulsion performance requirements into another new one); or

• mimic structure as proposed for 1998 Agreement in new "shadow" Regulations.

• Consider upgrading R40 and R47 with measurement equipment requirements from GTR No 2.

• To be discussed if categories L6 and L7 (light 4-wheel vehicles) can be included in the scope of new UN Regulations (58 Agreement only).

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Further information:

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive

Status of EU legislation, links to Directives, Regulations and other useful information.

http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29age.html

Status of UNECE Regulations and GTRs, proposals, working documents and working groups.

Thank you for your attention