Mauna Kea Laser Guide Star Technical Working Group

Working Group MeetingWorking Group Meeting

November 22, 2005November 22, 2005

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AgendaAgenda2:00 Welcome & Introductions. Review agenda.2:00 Welcome & Introductions. Review agenda.2:10 LGS AO System Status & Schedules2:10 LGS AO System Status & Schedules–– Purpose: InformationalPurpose: Informational

2:15 Collisions2:15 Collisions–– Purpose: Reduction of frequency & impact of collisionsPurpose: Reduction of frequency & impact of collisions

3:00 Aircraft safety & Laser Clearinghouse3:00 Aircraft safety & Laser Clearinghouse–– Purpose: Reduction of overhead (summit aircraft safety Purpose: Reduction of overhead (summit aircraft safety

system, improved LC interaction)system, improved LC interaction)3:25 Mauna Kea Laser Policy3:25 Mauna Kea Laser Policy–– Purpose: Update policy if appropriatePurpose: Update policy if appropriate

3:40 Other issues?3:40 Other issues?3:50 Next steps & action items3:50 Next steps & action items–– Purpose: Clear path forwardPurpose: Clear path forward

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Welcome & IntroductionsWelcome & Introductions

MK LGS TWG:MK LGS TWG:–– Doug Simons (Gemini)Doug Simons (Gemini)–– Hideki Hideki TakamiTakami (Subaru)(Subaru)–– Christian Christian VeilletVeillet (CFHT)(CFHT)–– Richard Richard WainscoatWainscoat (UH)(UH)–– Peter Wizinowich (Keck)Peter Wizinowich (Keck)

Other Participants:Other Participants:–– CFHT: CFHT: KanoaKanoa WithingtonWithington–– Gemini: Mathieu Gemini: Mathieu BecBec, Kristin , Kristin BrantzegBrantzeg, Celine , Celine d’Orgevilled’Orgeville, ,

Francois Francois RigautRigaut, Mike Sheehan, Mike Sheehan–– Keck: Randy Campbell, David Le Mignant, Doug SummersKeck: Randy Campbell, David Le Mignant, Doug Summers–– Subaru: Yutaka Subaru: Yutaka HayanoHayano

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LGS AO System Status & SchedulesLGS AO System Status & Schedules

KeckKeckGeminiGeminiSubaruSubaru

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Keck LGS AO:Keck LGS AO:The top priority for Keck ScienceThe top priority for Keck Science

Keck II: Laser propagation summary and plans Keck II: Laser propagation summary and plans

Operational model by 07A:1 OA at HQ to operate LGS & 1 at summitOperational model by 07A:1 OA at HQ to operate LGS & 1 at summitto monitor laser & safety systems in addition to telescopeto monitor laser & safety systems in addition to telescope

Keck IKeck I–– 20W mode locked CW laser contracted with CTI20W mode locked CW laser contracted with CTI–– LGS AO system design in FY06. Implementation into FY08.LGS AO system design in FY06. Implementation into FY08.

YearYear 20022002 0303 0404 0505 0606 0707

#nights#nights 22 1616 1717 47 47 ~100~100 ~140~140

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Gemini LGS AOGemini LGS AO

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GN: 12W laser and AltairGN: 12W laser and Altair–– LGS first light on May 2, 05LGS first light on May 2, 05–– 2.5 nights for LGSF technical commissioning (May 05) including s2.5 nights for LGSF technical commissioning (May 05) including star wars test w/ tar wars test w/

Keck + 16 nights for Altair LGS technical commissioning (June, JKeck + 16 nights for Altair LGS technical commissioning (June, July, Aug, Sep, Nov uly, Aug, Sep, Nov 05)05)

–– Science commissioning on hold until Feb 06 LLT M1 reScience commissioning on hold until Feb 06 LLT M1 re--polished; 10polished; 10--12 nights 12 nights planned in 2006Aplanned in 2006A

–– Commissioning of instruments in LGS mode: NIFS, etc.Commissioning of instruments in LGS mode: NIFS, etc.Operational model for 06B:1 laser tech at summit to prep laser iOperational model for 06B:1 laser tech at summit to prep laser in the n the afternoon and monitor laser & safety systems for first part of tafternoon and monitor laser & safety systems for first part of the night, remote he night, remote support from home/HP as neededsupport from home/HP as neededGS: 50W laser and MCAOGS: 50W laser and MCAO

–– 50W mode locked CW laser contracted with CTI, delivery in Jan 0750W mode locked CW laser contracted with CTI, delivery in Jan 07–– MCAO I&T through 2006MCAO I&T through 2006–– LGS first light in 2007A, tech + science commissioning by end ofLGS first light in 2007A, tech + science commissioning by end of 2007B2007B

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Subaru LGSAO Subaru LGSAO 188 element curvature sensor AO 188 element curvature sensor AO 4W sum frequency laser collaborated with RIKEN at 4W sum frequency laser collaborated with RIKEN at Nasmyth focus (10W upgrade is planned)Nasmyth focus (10W upgrade is planned)

2005/102005/10 Laser projection demo in JapanLaser projection demo in Japan2006/12006/1 NGS laboratory closed loopNGS laboratory closed loop

Laser & LLT deliver to HiloLaser & LLT deliver to Hilo2006/82006/8 NGS first lightNGS first light2006/12006/122 First projection of laser to the skyFirst projection of laser to the sky2007/32007/3 LGS first lightLGS first light

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InstrumentsIRCS, HiCIAO

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CollisionsCollisionsCollision frequency & impactCollision frequency & impact–– Keck statisticsKeck statistics–– Is this consistent with predictions?Is this consistent with predictions?

Rayleigh scatter impactRayleigh scatter impact–– Subaru measurement of Keck beamSubaru measurement of Keck beam–– UH imageUH image–– Impact of cirrusImpact of cirrus

Impact on instrumentsImpact on instruments–– CFHT, Gemini, Keck, Subaru, UHCFHT, Gemini, Keck, Subaru, UH

URLsURLs–– How are they set at each Observatory?How are they set at each Observatory?–– Can this be done betterCan this be done better

LTCSLTCS–– Gemini/Keck testGemini/Keck test–– What should be improvedWhat should be improved

Ideas for reducing collision frequency & impactIdeas for reducing collision frequency & impact

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Collision Frequency & ImpactCollision Frequency & Impact

Keck statisticsKeck statistics–– Average of 18 min time lost to collisions per nightAverage of 18 min time lost to collisions per night–– Time altered considerably more: Time altered considerably more: broken dither pattern, switching broken dither pattern, switching

to lower priority object, taking more calibrations than necessarto lower priority object, taking more calibrations than necessary, etc. y, etc.

One Year, 37 nights, of LGSAO Science at Keck

Overheads (inst+tel+ao)

37.3%

Other Faults (inst+tel)

3.2%

Open Shutter Science Time

w/LGSAO27.4%

AO faults2.8%

Laser faults11.9%

Space Cmd0.7%

Spotters0.2%

Laser Traffic Control1.3%

Weather16.2%

RC

Notes:• Collide with all telescopes• Don’t collide with K1 more frequently (likely because no impact flag set whenever possible)• Some recent collisions apparently during slewing by other telescopes (UH & Subaru)• Had collisions while aligning laser at zenith when CFHT & Subaru weren’t tracking (collecting twilight flats)

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Collision Frequency & ImpactCollision Frequency & Impact

Gemini preliminary dataGemini preliminary data–– Data not automatically collected yetData not automatically collected yet–– Based on May, June, July, Aug, Sep and Nov 2005 engineering Based on May, June, July, Aug, Sep and Nov 2005 engineering

runs (lots of zenith propagation, no “real science” and no queueruns (lots of zenith propagation, no “real science” and no queueyet): 0yet): 0--3 collisions/night (none in 23 collisions/night (none in 2--night Nov run!?)night Nov run!?)

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Run (2005)Run (2005) MayMay JuneJune JulyJuly AugAug SepSep NovNov

#nights#nights 22 44 66 33 33 22

Predicted Predicted collisionscollisions >2 ?>2 ? 22 1xCFHT1xCFHT

Effective Effective collisionscollisions 22 22 00

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Scatter Impact Measurement withScatter Impact Measurement withKeck II and Subaru (Keck II and Subaru (HayanoHayano et al. 2003)et al. 2003)

Keck II was pointed to SAO99809 on Keck II was pointed to SAO99809 on December 24, 2001. (El ~ 70 December 24, 2001. (El ~ 70 -- 80).80).Subaru was pointed to fixed direction. Subaru was pointed to fixed direction. (El = 45, 60).(El = 45, 60).Scattered light was measured by Scattered light was measured by APDsAPDs of Subaru AO WFS.of Subaru AO WFS.Three collisions were observed.Three collisions were observed.

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MK LGS TWGScatter Impact Measurement withScatter Impact Measurement with

Keck II and Subaru Keck II and Subaru ((HayanoHayano et al. 2003)et al. 2003)Pupil plane measurement for finite FOV Pupil plane measurement for finite FOV θ θ ((e.g. 1 e.g. 1 arcsecarcsec).).If (d+L If (d+L θθ) < D, pupil does not illuminate ) < D, pupil does not illuminate fully. (Larger D, closer laser beam L).fully. (Larger D, closer laser beam L).Smaller telescope affected more.Smaller telescope affected more.

–– Sky background proportional to DSky background proportional to D22, , while laser beam scattered light while laser beam scattered light proportional to min(Dproportional to min(D22, D(d+L , D(d+L θθ)). )).

Imager with smaller pixel scale less Imager with smaller pixel scale less sensitive to laser beam scattering.sensitive to laser beam scattering.

–– Laser beam seems to be bright to Laser beam seems to be bright to naked eye or a sky monitor camera. naked eye or a sky monitor camera.

Focal plane measurement.Focal plane measurement.Laser beam scattered light completely defocused Laser beam scattered light completely defocused with a size of (d+D)/L radian.with a size of (d+D)/L radian.1 1 arcminarcmin @ 30km, 0.5 degree @ 1km@ 30km, 0.5 degree @ 1km19 19 arcsecarcsec @ 90km, (LGS size at focal plane)@ 90km, (LGS size at focal plane)If LGS magnitude is 10,If LGS magnitude is 10,

–– 14mag/arcsec14mag/arcsec22 @ 80m (19x38 arcsec@ 80m (19x38 arcsec22))–– 18.8mag/arcsec18.8mag/arcsec22 @1000m (19x231 arcsec@1000m (19x231 arcsec22))YH

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Estimation of Scatter Impact Estimation of Scatter Impact ((HayanoHayano et al. 2003)et al. 2003)

Rayleigh scatter and Mie scatter modelRayleigh scatter and Mie scatter model–– Number density of molecule is derived from Hilo radioNumber density of molecule is derived from Hilo radio--sondesonde observation. (for Rayleigh)observation. (for Rayleigh)–– Aerosol distribution mode is estimated from AERONET database andAerosol distribution mode is estimated from AERONET database and particle counter particle counter

data at Subaru for Mie scatter evaluation. (Scale height of aerodata at Subaru for Mie scatter evaluation. (Scale height of aerosol was ~ 3km. It was sol was ~ 3km. It was class ~14000 at Mauna Kea.)class ~14000 at Mauna Kea.)

–– Model calculation showed that the number of Rayleigh scattered pModel calculation showed that the number of Rayleigh scattered photons was about 6 hotons was about 6 times as much as that of Mie scattered photons.times as much as that of Mie scattered photons.

–– Roughly speaking, the surface brightness of 17.5 mag/arcsecRoughly speaking, the surface brightness of 17.5 mag/arcsec22 is comparable to the sky is comparable to the sky brightness at about 15 degrees away from full moon.brightness at about 15 degrees away from full moon.

–– The impact is larger for smaller and nearer telescopes.The impact is larger for smaller and nearer telescopes.YH

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Rayleigh Scatter Impact from digital photographRayleigh Scatter Impact from digital photographFactor 8 brighter than dark sky in R (2.2 magnitudes)Factor 8 brighter than dark sky in R (2.2 magnitudes)Factor 4 brighter than dark sky in V (1.5 magnitudes)Factor 4 brighter than dark sky in V (1.5 magnitudes)

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Dark sky:R: 20.3 mag/(“)2

V: 21.1 mag/(“)2

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Rayleigh Scatter & CirrusRayleigh Scatter & CirrusCurrent Keck propagation criteria have been revised in Current Keck propagation criteria have been revised in KAON 318KAON 3181. The laser must be shuttered if spotters detect an aircraft within 25º of

the beam.2. The laser must be shuttered if thick clouds are present within 25º of the

beam, preventing approaching aircraft from being seen.3. Our experience is that we have been able to propagate through thin

cirrus (& have productive LGSAO science nights). The spotters report to the Observing Assistant (OA) on the passing of thin clouds that could produce an increase in scattered light. The OA & LGSAO operator monitor the scattered light using the WFS intensity display, the acquisition camera and other available tools; if the amount of scattered light is such that the laser return has decreased by more than a factor 2 on the WFS (0.75 mag), the LGSAO operator & OA will close the shutter.

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Impact on Instruments Impact on Instruments -- KeckKeck

InstrumentFOV °(old)

FOV °(new)

Science BW μm

GuiderBW μm Guide Pos

NaImpact

150" off axis Yes

Yes

Yes

NoAO/IF 0.25 0.022 1.6 - 12.0 0.5-0.9 on axis Yes No

YesYesYesYesYesYes

on axis

250" off axis

300" off axison axison axison axison axis

Rayleigh Impact

ESI 0.133 0.189 0.3-1.0 0.5-0.9 Yes

Yes

Yes

No

YesYesYesNoNoNo

HIRES 0.018 0.017 0.3-1.0 0.5-0.9

NIRC 0.228 0.156 1.0 - 4.0 0.5-0.9

PCS or SSC 0.25 0.025 0.50.5--0.90.9 n/a

DEIMOS 0.381 0.3-1.0 0.5-0.9

AO/NIRC2 0.033 0.022 1.0 - 5.0 0.5-0.9

AO/OSIRIS 0.033 0.022 1.0 - 2.5 0.5-0.9AO/NIRSPEC 0.033 0.022 1.0 - 2.5 0.5-0.9

LRIS 0.313 0.189 0.3-1.0 0.5-0.9NIRSPEC 0.055 0.085 1.0 - 5.0 0.5-0.9

Keck I, Keck II, Both Note: Keck LGS AO generally in gray time

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Impact on Instruments Impact on Instruments -- GeminiGeminiInstrument or Instrument or

WavefrontWavefront SensorSensor

Science Channel Science Channel Wavelength Range Wavelength Range

(µm)(µm)

Science Channel FOVScience Channel FOV((diadia. . -- arcminarcmin))

A&G A&G -- P1P1 N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A

AcqAcq. Cam.. Cam. N/AN/A N/AN/A 0.40.4--1.01.0 223 (0.33 (0.3bb))

5.55.50.30.3

0.050.05bb

N/AN/A

A&G A&G -- P2P2HRWFSHRWFS

NIRINIRIGMOSGMOS

MICHELLEMICHELLENIFSNIFS

ALTAIRALTAIR

WavefrontWavefront Sensor Sensor Wavelength Range Wavelength Range

(µm)(µm)

WavefrontWavefront Sensor Sensor Patrol Patrol FieldFieldaa

((diadia. . -- arcminarcmin))

N/AN/A 0.40.4--1.01.0 1414N/AN/A 0.40.4--1.01.0 1414N/AN/A 0.40.4--1.01.0 <0.05<0.05

11--55 11--2.52.5 3 (23 (2bb))0.40.4--1.01.0 0.40.4--1.01.0 3.5x4.23.5x4.2cc

88--2525 N/AN/A N/AN/A11--2.52.5 11--2.52.5 3 (23 (2bb))N/AN/A 0.40.4--1.01.0 2 (<0.052 (<0.05dd))

a) All wavefront sensors use patrol fields centered on telescope’s field except GMOSb) When used in conjunction with ALTAIRc) Centered 2.5 arcmin off-axisd) LGS wavefront sensorDS

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Impact on Instruments Impact on Instruments -- CFHTCFHT"Prime" or "MP" "Prime" or "MP" fovfov = 1.1667= 1.1667°°"Cass" "Cass" fovfov = 0.8= 0.8"I.R.""I.R." fovfov = 1.1667= 1.1667""CoudeCoude" " fovfov = 0.8= 0.8anything else anything else fovfov = 1.1667= 1.1667

This is actually old information at a time when the TCS could This is actually old information at a time when the TCS could not recognize the instruments. It needs updating with the not recognize the instruments. It needs updating with the current instrumentation and better numbers for the FOV.current instrumentation and better numbers for the FOV.

"Prime" should be the only one at 1.1667!"Prime" should be the only one at 1.1667!"I.R" (the new "I.R" (the new WIRCamWIRCam) is much smaller, and there should not ) is much smaller, and there should not be "anything else"!be "anything else"!

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Impact on Instruments Impact on Instruments -- SubaruSubaruInstrumentInstrument FocusFocus FOVFOV wavelength wavelength

(um)(um)PrimePrime

PrimePrime

CsCs

CsCs

NasNas IRIR

NasNas OptOpt

NasNas IRIR

CsCs

3434’’x27x27’’

CsCs

BB--zz’’

FMOS FMOS ( 2006~)( 2006~) 3030’’ dia.dia. 0.90.9--1.81.8 4343’’ dia.dia.

MOIRCSMOIRCS 44’’x7x7’’ 1.171.17--2.302.30 1010’’ dia.dia.

CISCOCISCO 108108””x108x108”” 0.880.88--2.512.51 8.88.8’’ dia.dia.

0.330.33--1.01.0

0.310.31--0.940.94

0.920.92--4.84.8

8.08.0--25.525.5

66’’ dia.dia.

6060”” Slit viewerSlit viewer

4848””x48x48””

42''x32''42''x32''JJ--MM’’2222””x22x22””

Guider Guider search area*search area*

SuprimeCamSuprimeCam 5858’’ dia.dia.

FOCASFOCAS 1010’’ dia.dia.

HDSHDS 66’’ dia.dia.

IRCS IRCS (2005/12~)(2005/12~) 8.88.8’’ dia.dia.

COMICSCOMICS 1010’’ dia.dia.

CIAOCIAO 1010’’ dia.dia.

* They are the upper limit of the search area, HT

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Impact on Instruments Impact on Instruments -- UH 2.2UH 2.2--mm

TekTek 2048: 2048: FOV 0.18 deg 0.4FOV 0.18 deg 0.4--1.0 microns1.0 micronsOptic CCD: Optic CCD: FOV 0.22 deg 0.4FOV 0.22 deg 0.4--1.0 microns1.0 microns8k CCD: 8k CCD: FOV 0.78 deg 0.4FOV 0.78 deg 0.4--1.0 microns1.0 micronsOffset Guider: Offset Guider: FOV 0.83 deg 0.4FOV 0.83 deg 0.4--1.0 microns1.0 micronsULBCAM: ULBCAM: FOV 0.4 deg 1.0FOV 0.4 deg 1.0--1.8 microns (no impact)1.8 microns (no impact)WFGS2: WFGS2: FOV 0.26 deg 0.4FOV 0.26 deg 0.4--1.0 microns1.0 micronsSNIFS: SNIFS: FOV 0.002 deg 0.3FOV 0.002 deg 0.3--1.0 microns1.0 microns

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Impact on Instruments Impact on Instruments -- IRTFIRTF

Guider (on axis):Guider (on axis): FOV 0.008 deg 0.4FOV 0.008 deg 0.4--1.0 microns1.0 microns

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Standard URLStandard URLIncludes the following fields (as per the LTCS_URL_Interface_SpeIncludes the following fields (as per the LTCS_URL_Interface_Specification cification dated Feb 7, 2002):dated Feb 7, 2002):–– Timestamp1 Timestamp1 -- local time (time of URL update)local time (time of URL update)–– Telescope Telescope -- telescope nametelescope name–– RA RA -- telescope right ascension (hrs)telescope right ascension (hrs)–– DECDEC -- telescope declination (deg)telescope declination (deg)–– EquinoxEquinox -- equinox and epoch of coordinatesequinox and epoch of coordinates–– FOVFOV -- diameter of field of viewdiameter of field of view–– Laser_impactedLaser_impacted -- telescope is (or is not) laser sensitivetelescope is (or is not) laser sensitive–– Laser_state Laser_state -- telescope is (or is not) projecting a lasertelescope is (or is not) projecting a laser–– log_data log_data -- flag to enable/disable logging of pointing flag to enable/disable logging of pointing

datadata–– Timestamp2 Timestamp2 -- local time (time of URL update)local time (time of URL update)

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URL setup URL setup –– KECK1 & KECK2KECK1 & KECK2

URL updates accomplished automatically via URL updates accomplished automatically via programmatic control (Java/programmatic control (Java/solarissolaris):):–– FOV values determined via current instrument lookupFOV values determined via current instrument lookup–– RA/DEC/Equinox set from TCS with RA/DEC/Equinox set from TCS with azaz/el/frame conversion /el/frame conversion

to RA/DEC/to RA/DEC/EqEq (as needed)(as needed)–– LASER_IMPACT set from combination of LASER_IMPACT set from combination of domeshutterdomeshutter

state, dome track state, and telescope track state.state, dome track state, and telescope track state.–– LASER_STATE set from laser fastLASER_STATE set from laser fast--shutter state (with shutter state (with

capability to override)capability to override)

Program runs in nearProgram runs in near--real time; as fast as keyword real time; as fast as keyword layer parameter changes occur, notification & rewrite layer parameter changes occur, notification & rewrite of the URL file occurs.of the URL file occurs.

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URL setup URL setup –– SubaruSubaruURL addressURL address

http://www.naoj.hawaii.edu:8011/http://www.naoj.hawaii.edu:8011/cgicgi--bin/ltcs.cgi bin/ltcs.cgi http://www2.naoj.hawaii.edu:8011/http://www2.naoj.hawaii.edu:8011/cgicgi--bin/ltcs.cgi (backup)bin/ltcs.cgi (backup)http://www3.naoj.hawaii.edu:8011/http://www3.naoj.hawaii.edu:8011/cgicgi--bin/ltcs.cgi (backup)bin/ltcs.cgi (backup)

Update interval of URL page is changed by executing some Update interval of URL page is changed by executing some commands through commands through ““atat”” table from 15 seconds to 1 second table from 15 seconds to 1 second during LGS observation.during LGS observation.–– FOV is set to be 1 degree for Prime Focus Camera and 8 FOV is set to be 1 degree for Prime Focus Camera and 8 arcminarcmin

(FOV of AG roughly) for other instruments. (tentative)(FOV of AG roughly) for other instruments. (tentative)–– RA/DEC/EQUINOX information is gottenRA/DEC/EQUINOX information is gotten from TCS.from TCS.–– TIMESTAMP is gotten from NTP server at Subaru.TIMESTAMP is gotten from NTP server at Subaru.–– Information collected from the telescope telemetry server almostInformation collected from the telescope telemetry server almost in in

real time.real time.–– LASER_IMPACT sets if RA/Dec changes slower than 0.1 deg/sec. LASER_IMPACT sets if RA/Dec changes slower than 0.1 deg/sec.

(tentative patch on Nov. 10, 2005)(tentative patch on Nov. 10, 2005)

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URL setup URL setup –– SubaruSubaruProf. Prof. RyuRyu Ogasawara still manages the URL setup, Ogasawara still manages the URL setup, even after he moved to ALMA project. (Handover is even after he moved to ALMA project. (Handover is to be scheduled.)to be scheduled.)Are we clear on who the URL contacts are at each Are we clear on who the URL contacts are at each Observatory?Observatory?–– Prof. Prof. RyuRyu Ogasawara (Ogasawara (ryu.ogasawara@nao.ac.jpryu.ogasawara@nao.ac.jp))

Handover is to be scheduled soon.Handover is to be scheduled soon.–– Yutaka Yutaka HayanoHayano ((hayano@subaru.naoj.orghayano@subaru.naoj.org))

How is laser propagation information supplied to How is laser propagation information supplied to nighttime operations personnel?nighttime operations personnel?–– The announcement of laser projection is circulated the The announcement of laser projection is circulated the

mailing list of operation center including night operators and mailing list of operation center including night operators and support astronomers. support astronomers.

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URL setupURL setupCFHT CFHT –– contact contact KanoaKanoa WithingtonWithingtonGemini Gemini (128.171.88.53) (128.171.88.53) –– contact Mathieu contact Mathieu BecBecUH UH –– contact Richard contact Richard WainscoatWainscoat or Hubert or Hubert YamataYamataIRTF IRTF –– contact Tony contact Tony DenaultDenaultKeck Keck –– contact Doug Summerscontact Doug SummersSubaru Subaru –– contact Yutaka contact Yutaka HayanoHayano

Are we clear on who the URL contacts are at each Are we clear on who the URL contacts are at each Observatory?Observatory?How is laser propagation information supplied to How is laser propagation information supplied to nighttime operations personnel?nighttime operations personnel?

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LTCSLTCSCurrent LTCS version (1Current LTCS version (1stst Generation):Generation):–– Limited testing with other telescopesLimited testing with other telescopes–– Limited resources for development & testing (LTCS & URLs)Limited resources for development & testing (LTCS & URLs)

Installations & version consistency between Keck, Gemini, SubaruInstallations & version consistency between Keck, Gemini, Subaru–– URL Site issues:URL Site issues:

Some manual (vs. TCS/programmatic control) setting of parametersSome manual (vs. TCS/programmatic control) setting of parametersRA/DEC precision & slew issues being worked with SubaruRA/DEC precision & slew issues being worked with SubaruSlewing with Laser_impacted=YES (most observatories) Slewing with Laser_impacted=YES (most observatories)

–– ReRe--development of LTCS by Subaru.development of LTCS by Subaru.22ndnd generation LTCS SW install & testing:generation LTCS SW install & testing:–– Consistency with La Palma SW baseline (Joint dev, more functionaConsistency with La Palma SW baseline (Joint dev, more functionality)lity)–– New priorityNew priority--based rules (backward compatible to MK based rules (backward compatible to MK configconfig))–– Laser/Laser “first on target” wins algorithm includedLaser/Laser “first on target” wins algorithm included–– New tools (simulation/Query)New tools (simulation/Query)–– Slew filtering (autoSlew filtering (auto--detection) & notificationdetection) & notification–– Some improvements over 1Some improvements over 1stst generation issues above, but also some generation issues above, but also some

similar issues (more coordination for version control & bug fixesimilar issues (more coordination for version control & bug fixes, etc.)s, etc.)

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LTCS Positional Errors & URL pollingLTCS Positional Errors & URL pollingPositional Error:Positional Error:–– Current version uses FOV cone extension (currently 10% for all Current version uses FOV cone extension (currently 10% for all

telescopes in MK telescopes in MK configconfig) as error term.) as error term.–– 22ndnd generation LTCS adds survey inaccuracy parameter to base generation LTCS adds survey inaccuracy parameter to base

telescope position (effectively an aperture increase)telescope position (effectively an aperture increase)URL polling rates:URL polling rates:–– KecksKecks: : 1 sec1 sec–– Gemini: Gemini: 1 sec1 sec–– UH2.2: UH2.2: 1 sec (will reduce to 3 sec)1 sec (will reduce to 3 sec)–– CFHT: CFHT: 3 sec3 sec–– Subaru: Subaru: 3 sec3 sec–– IRTF: IRTF: 5 sec5 sec

STALE processing for all sites is currently configured for 120 STALE processing for all sites is currently configured for 120 seconds. seconds.

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Other LTCS IssuesOther LTCS IssuesLTCS priority rules: As laser investments increase to 4 lasers LTCS priority rules: As laser investments increase to 4 lasers on MK, should we consider migration to a La Palma type on MK, should we consider migration to a La Palma type collision priority rules model (firstcollision priority rules model (first--onon--target wins)? target wins)? –– All telescopes have access to Query/planning tools for target All telescopes have access to Query/planning tools for target

selections.selections.–– Favorable query response indicates ability to stay locked on tarFavorable query response indicates ability to stay locked on target get

throughout observation; unfavorable response indicates collisionthroughout observation; unfavorable response indicates collisiontimes (for planning when to shutter science camera and/or laser times (for planning when to shutter science camera and/or laser depending on who has priority).depending on who has priority).

–– Maximizes fairness & observing efficiency; reduces shutter timeMaximizes fairness & observing efficiency; reduces shutter time–– Ability to configure fully independent priority rules; can have Ability to configure fully independent priority rules; can have ELT ELT

(for instance) have priority over all telescopes or establish cu(for instance) have priority over all telescopes or establish custom stom priority rules for each telescope/laser combination.priority rules for each telescope/laser combination.

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Collision & LTCS RecommendationsCollision & LTCS RecommendationsAll Observatories to review the setting of their URLsAll Observatories to review the setting of their URLs–– Reduce Reduce fovfov where appropriatewhere appropriate–– Set “not impacted” where appropriateSet “not impacted” where appropriate–– Ensure that set to “not impacted” when slewingEnsure that set to “not impacted” when slewing–– Look at “not impacted” possibility when not tracking Look at “not impacted” possibility when not tracking

Better understanding of Na & Rayleigh scatter impactBetter understanding of Na & Rayleigh scatter impact–– UH2.2m experiment to look through Keck & Gemini beamsUH2.2m experiment to look through Keck & Gemini beams

Other changesOther changes–– Subaru to improve precision of their URL pointing coordinatesSubaru to improve precision of their URL pointing coordinates–– Change UH2.2m polling rate to 3 secChange UH2.2m polling rate to 3 sec

LTCSLTCS–– Agreed to keep common versions at each Observatory (on an annualAgreed to keep common versions at each Observatory (on an annual

basis over the next 2 years, biannually subsequently)basis over the next 2 years, biannually subsequently)

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Aircraft & Satellite SafetyAircraft & Satellite Safety

FAA renewal & issuesFAA renewal & issuesSpottersSpottersBoresightBoresight camera systems (Gemini, Keck)camera systems (Gemini, Keck)Gemini wide field camera systemGemini wide field camera systemMosaic radar?Mosaic radar?Collaboration with other groups (JPL, Palomar)?Collaboration with other groups (JPL, Palomar)?Laser ClearinghouseLaser ClearinghouseHow do we want to collaborate?How do we want to collaborate?

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FAA Renewal & IssuesFAA Renewal & IssuesKeck proposal renewed till Dec. 06Keck proposal renewed till Dec. 06Keck’s experienceKeck’s experience–– Requested collection and compilation of spotters data (aircraft Requested collection and compilation of spotters data (aircraft and and

weather) is a cumbersome process, yet interesting for statisticsweather) is a cumbersome process, yet interesting for statistics on on laser propagation & operations.laser propagation & operations.

–– 2 aircraft incidences since 2001 (and we shuttered per procedure2 aircraft incidences since 2001 (and we shuttered per procedure))–– 2006 renewal process: 1 month FTE, benefited from previous 2006 renewal process: 1 month FTE, benefited from previous

renewalsrenewals–– Would like to review proposal process w/ other observatories.Would like to review proposal process w/ other observatories.–– Our FAA contact: “doesn’t have a lot of faith in oxygenOur FAA contact: “doesn’t have a lot of faith in oxygen--deprived deprived

observers looking in a starobservers looking in a star--filled sky for aircraft”. Yet, understands filled sky for aircraft”. Yet, understands the expense to the observatory, and the logistics involved.the expense to the observatory, and the logistics involved.

–– FAA actually recommends working on implementing the JPL FAA actually recommends working on implementing the JPL system that is currently being reviewed. system that is currently being reviewed.

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FAA Renewal & IssuesFAA Renewal & IssuesGemini’s experienceGemini’s experience–– Current permission (our first; not a renewal) valid until April Current permission (our first; not a renewal) valid until April Fools’ Fools’

Day 2006.Day 2006.–– With our first application, the FAA (Larry With our first application, the FAA (Larry TonishTonish) sent us a fairly ) sent us a fairly

routine set of questions, which we answered, after consulting wiroutine set of questions, which we answered, after consulting with th Jason Chin (thank you, Jason).Jason Chin (thank you, Jason).

–– They wanted to ensure that our spotters were going to be provideThey wanted to ensure that our spotters were going to be provided d with protection from the weather and hypoxia. with protection from the weather and hypoxia.

–– After answering the questions they granted us permission for a After answering the questions they granted us permission for a period of one year.period of one year.

–– We are in the midst of a process to obtain permission to operateWe are in the midst of a process to obtain permission to operatelasers at Gemini South. The Chilean FAA equivalent has been lasers at Gemini South. The Chilean FAA equivalent has been very cooperative.very cooperative.

–– Following Keck’s model to collect statistical information on spoFollowing Keck’s model to collect statistical information on spotter tter data.data.

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SpottersSpottersLogistics for managing aircraft spotting is resource intensive Logistics for managing aircraft spotting is resource intensive –– Managing spotters pool (hiring, training, schedule)Managing spotters pool (hiring, training, schedule)–– Transportation & safetyTransportation & safety–– Procedures and spotters logsProcedures and spotters logs–– Meals and equipmentMeals and equipment–– Time sheets and payment Time sheets and payment

Keck’s experience:Keck’s experience:–– Two lead spotters responsible for transportation, training and Two lead spotters responsible for transportation, training and

coordination.coordination.–– Spotting procedures reviewed and reSpotting procedures reviewed and re--enforced in Nov.2005enforced in Nov.2005–– Whole process is problematic because we are dealing w/ partWhole process is problematic because we are dealing w/ part--time time

outside resources.outside resources.Keck use of aircraft spottersKeck use of aircraft spotters–– http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/docs/kaon360.pdfhttp://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/docs/kaon360.pdf

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SpottersSpottersKeck has built a base of spotters from an outside resourceKeck has built a base of spotters from an outside resource

–– Gemini uses the same pool of spottersGemini uses the same pool of spotters–– This pool of spotters must originate from the Keck because of spThis pool of spotters must originate from the Keck because of specific background ecific background

checks that is mandatory in Keck’s HR policy. Gemini does not hchecks that is mandatory in Keck’s HR policy. Gemini does not have the same ave the same requirements. To keep recruitment of the spotters consistent, Krequirements. To keep recruitment of the spotters consistent, Keck HR has agreed to eck HR has agreed to manage the initial recruitment of the spotters from the outside manage the initial recruitment of the spotters from the outside resource. resource.

Gemini’s experience:Gemini’s experience:–– Before assigning a spotter to a Gemini run:Before assigning a spotter to a Gemini run:

They are given a safety orientation from our safety officer.They are given a safety orientation from our safety officer.They are given a general orientation for our laser program from They are given a general orientation for our laser program from AO program manager(s). AO program manager(s).

–– Gemini prefers to schedule the spotters for each run internally.Gemini prefers to schedule the spotters for each run internally. The Engineering The Engineering Admin Asst calls available spotters from the pool (from outside Admin Asst calls available spotters from the pool (from outside resource) for resource) for assignments. assignments.

–– Two lead spotters were recently hired to the Gemini staff and arTwo lead spotters were recently hired to the Gemini staff and are assigned to every e assigned to every run with a team of 3 additional spotters from the outside resourrun with a team of 3 additional spotters from the outside resource. The leads are ce. The leads are responsible for transportation and direction of the spotter teamresponsible for transportation and direction of the spotter team..

–– The scheduling is not a big issue and is not time consuming. MoThe scheduling is not a big issue and is not time consuming. Most of the time, st of the time, spotters call to request scheduling. Using the outside resourcespotters call to request scheduling. Using the outside resource is an not an ideal is an not an ideal situation. Our experience with the outside resource has not besituation. Our experience with the outside resource has not been a completely en a completely positive one. positive one.

KB

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BoresightBoresight Camera SystemsCamera Systems

GeminiGemini–– ~15~15°° fovfov Merlin Merlin -- Indigo IR cameraIndigo IR camera–– Continuous imaging & real time analysisContinuous imaging & real time analysis–– Aircraft detection signal sent to LIS/GIS to activate safety Aircraft detection signal sent to LIS/GIS to activate safety

shuttershutter

KeckKeck–– 1010°° fovfov Amber IR cameraAmber IR camera–– Aircraft detection automatically closes fast shutter through Aircraft detection automatically closes fast shutter through

PLC within 1/30PLC within 1/30thth of a secondof a second–– Can trigger on moon & can be overriddenCan trigger on moon & can be overridden

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Gemini Wide Field Camera SystemGemini Wide Field Camera System

Status Status –– Software demonstratedSoftware demonstrated–– Camera mounted on SMA roofCamera mounted on SMA roof–– Camera damaged by sunlightCamera damaged by sunlight–– Enclosure dome inadequate Enclosure dome inadequate -- too much scattered moonlighttoo much scattered moonlight–– No work on this for several monthsNo work on this for several months

Plans?Plans?–– Fix the current problemsFix the current problems

Daytime shutter, new or modified camera enclosure, …Daytime shutter, new or modified camera enclosure, …–– Continue with integration and testingContinue with integration and testing–– Continue collaborationsContinue collaborations

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Mosaic RadarMosaic RadarHistoryHistory–– 07/91 07/91 –– Boeing & FAA agreement for Haleakala completedBoeing & FAA agreement for Haleakala completed–– 11/99 11/99 –– AFRL/Boeing development effort beginsAFRL/Boeing development effort begins–– 05/01 05/01 –– SW & HW integration complete; Boeing authorized from SW & HW integration complete; Boeing authorized from

FAA to provide UH with dataFAA to provide UH with data–– 08/02 08/02 -- Maui AF contingent tours MK, fails to break through Maui AF contingent tours MK, fails to break through

political issues related to technical transfer of info; correspopolitical issues related to technical transfer of info; correspondence ndence essentially stops. essentially stops.

Outstanding Political Issues:Outstanding Political Issues:–– AF/Boeing/FAA MOA/AF/Boeing/FAA MOA/MOUsMOUs needed before docs & technical info needed before docs & technical info

can be provided/discussed in detail.can be provided/discussed in detail.–– Access to FAA data may be sensitive to international institutionAccess to FAA data may be sensitive to international institutionss–– FAA Certification for MK system (regardless of technical approacFAA Certification for MK system (regardless of technical approach) h)

Existing System Technical Issues:Existing System Technical Issues:–– Blind spots, multiBlind spots, multi--target correlation, simple azimuth wedge target correlation, simple azimuth wedge

avoidance cone, manual laser position input, shutter control avoidance cone, manual laser position input, shutter control integration, HW & SW constraints, MK data access method.integration, HW & SW constraints, MK data access method.

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Collaboration with other Groups?Collaboration with other Groups?JPLJPL

–– Keith Wilson (JPL Optical Communications Group) attempting to esKeith Wilson (JPL Optical Communications Group) attempting to establish tablish a consortium of interested parties to work with FAA on navigablea consortium of interested parties to work with FAA on navigable air space air space safety solutionssafety solutions

Next step: Next step: TeleconTelecon strategy sessionstrategy session–– Table Mountain system for day & nighttime propagation Table Mountain system for day & nighttime propagation

2 2 boresightedboresighted LWIR cameras for low flying aircraftLWIR cameras for low flying aircraftRadar beam to detect high flying aircraftRadar beam to detect high flying aircraftExploring FAA radar interface display system. Next step: fund pExploring FAA radar interface display system. Next step: fund prototype rototype developmentdevelopment

Palomar (update from Dekany)Palomar (update from Dekany)–– AllAll--sky visible camera has been running well. It sees all aircraft tsky visible camera has been running well. It sees all aircraft that hat

spotters do (& does a much better job of estimating aircraft traspotters do (& does a much better job of estimating aircraft trajectories). jectories). –– IR IR boresightboresight camera has also been working (with a few minor issues). camera has also been working (with a few minor issues).

Rarely get flyovers in the 15 degreeRarely get flyovers in the 15 degree--ishish FoVFoV, so not much track record yet. , so not much track record yet. –– Installing a Installing a boresightboresight radar for tests in Dec. Envision this as a part of the radar for tests in Dec. Envision this as a part of the

system that can run without spotters, but path toward SAE approvsystem that can run without spotters, but path toward SAE approval of noal of no--spotter operation has been delayed by issues getting LGS AO runnspotter operation has been delayed by issues getting LGS AO running.ing.

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Laser ClearinghouseLaser Clearinghouse

Keck’s ExperienceKeck’s Experience–– Observer submit target list using web interface 3 days in advancObserver submit target list using web interface 3 days in advancee–– Still faxing target list and receiving approval faxStill faxing target list and receiving approval fax–– Never got any Never got any closures on target listclosures on target list–– Lost ~4 hours in 2005 due to sudden call for “space events”Lost ~4 hours in 2005 due to sudden call for “space events”–– Received sameReceived same--day approval for special requests: day approval for special requests: GRBsGRBs and and

human error on main targets.human error on main targets.

IssuesIssues–– Still lots of coordination with observers and US SC: effort leveStill lots of coordination with observers and US SC: effort level is l is

~5 hours per observing proposal for reliable operations.~5 hours per observing proposal for reliable operations.–– Could it be more automated (approval email could work)Could it be more automated (approval email could work)

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Laser ClearinghouseLaser Clearinghouse

KB

Gemini’s ExperienceGemini’s Experience

––We fax the target list and receive approvals by fax or email. DWe fax the target list and receive approvals by fax or email. During our uring our November run, we requested approvals to be emailed to a group ofNovember run, we requested approvals to be emailed to a group ofpeople. We received an email both days of our run indicating nopeople. We received an email both days of our run indicating no closures. closures.

––Never received any Never received any closures on target lists.closures on target lists.

––Received sameReceived same--day approval for special requests: Adding new targets or day approval for special requests: Adding new targets or changing targets.changing targets.

IssuesIssues

––Coordination with observers and US SC runs pretty smoothly. Coordination with observers and US SC runs pretty smoothly.

––A more automated way of submitting for approvals would be ideal.A more automated way of submitting for approvals would be ideal.Submit by email or by web interface.Submit by email or by web interface.

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Aircraft & Satellite Safety: CollaborationAircraft & Satellite Safety: Collaboration

How do we want to collaborate?How do we want to collaborate?–– Gemini to continue to take the lead in implementing a wide Gemini to continue to take the lead in implementing a wide

field camera system.field camera system.–– We should coordinate with Palomar in order to monitor & We should coordinate with Palomar in order to monitor &

profit from their wide field camera system.profit from their wide field camera system.–– Keck to take the lead in orchestrating a summit wide FAA Keck to take the lead in orchestrating a summit wide FAA

approval process on the fall/06 timescale.approval process on the fall/06 timescale.–– We should determine if we want to contact the Laser We should determine if we want to contact the Laser

Clearinghouse about not having to provide target lists.Clearinghouse about not having to provide target lists.

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Mauna Kea Laser PolicyMauna Kea Laser Policy

PolicyPolicyKeck PoliciesKeck PoliciesLasers at different wavelengthsLasers at different wavelengthsAny reason to review policy?Any reason to review policy?–– WeatherWeather

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Mauna Kea Laser PolicyMauna Kea Laser PolicyThe following policy statement was approved at the Sept/97, MaunThe following policy statement was approved at the Sept/97, Mauna Kea Directors’ meeting.a Kea Directors’ meeting.

“The use of sodium D wavelength (589 nm) laser guide stars for a“The use of sodium D wavelength (589 nm) laser guide stars for astronomy is permitted on stronomy is permitted on Mauna Kea subject to the following conditions:Mauna Kea subject to the following conditions:

–– No Observatory shall project a sodium laser beacon exceeding a pNo Observatory shall project a sodium laser beacon exceeding a power of 50 W. ower of 50 W. Multiple beacons can be projected from a single Observatory as lMultiple beacons can be projected from a single Observatory as long as their total ong as their total power does not exceed 200 W. Laser beacons may not be projectedpower does not exceed 200 W. Laser beacons may not be projected at a zenith angle at a zenith angle greater than 70 degrees.greater than 70 degrees.

–– Laser beacons must not interfere with observations being performLaser beacons must not interfere with observations being performed by other Mauna ed by other Mauna Kea telescopes. Any Observatory pointing a laser beacon must, tKea telescopes. Any Observatory pointing a laser beacon must, therefore, adhere to herefore, adhere to the observing coordination guidelines approved by the Mauna Kea the observing coordination guidelines approved by the Mauna Kea Directors.Directors.

–– Any Observatory projecting a laser beacon must receive prior appAny Observatory projecting a laser beacon must receive prior approval for their aircraft roval for their aircraft system from the FAA. Only passive aircraft detection systems arsystem from the FAA. Only passive aircraft detection systems are permissible.e permissible.

Written confirmation that conditions 1 to 3 have been met by an Written confirmation that conditions 1 to 3 have been met by an Observatory must be Observatory must be provided to the provided to the IfAIfA Director at least 30 days prior to the first projection of a laDirector at least 30 days prior to the first projection of a laser beacon ser beacon from that Observatory.from that Observatory.

Use of guide stars at alternate wavelengths will be permitted onUse of guide stars at alternate wavelengths will be permitted only after an evaluation of ly after an evaluation of their utility and impact, similar to that performed for sodium Dtheir utility and impact, similar to that performed for sodium D wavelength lasers, is carried wavelength lasers, is carried out and is submitted to and approved by the Mauna Kea Directors.out and is submitted to and approved by the Mauna Kea Directors.””

It was noted that for some Observatories that the use of laser bIt was noted that for some Observatories that the use of laser beacons may require a eacons may require a modification to the indemnification clause in the “Operating andmodification to the indemnification clause in the “Operating and Site Development Site Development Agreement” between the Observatory and UH. It was also noted thAgreement” between the Observatory and UH. It was also noted that a requirement may at a requirement may need to be added in the future to the policy statement on the suneed to be added in the future to the policy statement on the subject of satellite avoidance.bject of satellite avoidance.

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Keck Laser Propagation PoliciesKeck Laser Propagation Policies

Laser propagation restrictions & proceduresLaser propagation restrictions & procedures–– http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/docs/kaon269.pdfhttp://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/docs/kaon269.pdf

Procedure for laser safety observingProcedure for laser safety observing–– http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/docs/kaon361.pdfhttp://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/docs/kaon361.pdf

LGS AO weather cancellation policyLGS AO weather cancellation policy–– http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/docs/kaon318.pdfhttp://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/docs/kaon318.pdf

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Lasers at Different WavelengthsLasers at Different WavelengthsCFHT VASAO (Visible All Sky AO Concept)CFHT VASAO (Visible All Sky AO Concept)

Feasibility study ongoing, to be Feasibility study ongoing, to be completed by end of 2006.completed by end of 2006.Could be operational around Could be operational around 20112011--2012.2012.Based on:Based on:–– PueoPueo HouHou: : PueoPueo upgrade to upgrade to

allow diffraction limited allow diffraction limited observations in visible above observations in visible above ~600nm & 50mas resolution ~600nm & 50mas resolution below.below.

–– Two modeTwo mode--less lasers at less lasers at 589nm & 569nm (giving 330nm 589nm & 569nm (giving 330nm through through radiativeradiative cascade)cascade)

–– Polychromatic tipPolychromatic tip--tilt sensortilt sensorUse of a 330nm laser for tipUse of a 330nm laser for tip--tilt tilt sensing (that would give both sensing (that would give both wavelengths at once) is also wavelengths at once) is also contemplated, though feasibility contemplated, though feasibility is not proven yet.is not proven yet.

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Mauna Kea Laser Policy: Changes?Mauna Kea Laser Policy: Changes?No changes required at this time.No changes required at this time.–– May reconsider nonMay reconsider non--laser priority in futurelaser priority in future–– May need to consider other wavelengths in futureMay need to consider other wavelengths in future

Gemini & Subaru should check their Gemini & Subaru should check their OSDAsOSDAs..Observing coordination guidelines. Clarifications:Observing coordination guidelines. Clarifications:–– If an individual URL goes down then can continue to propagate peIf an individual URL goes down then can continue to propagate per r

the observing coordination guidelines, but efforts should be madthe observing coordination guidelines, but efforts should be made to e to get the URL up & runningget the URL up & running

–– Will continue with implementing first laser on target priority fWill continue with implementing first laser on target priority for a laseror a laser--laser collision.laser collision.

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Next StepsNext StepsSee the specific recommendations on slides 31, 43 & 48See the specific recommendations on slides 31, 43 & 48Summarize meeting & distribute minutesSummarize meeting & distribute minutesSetup MK LGS TWG Setup MK LGS TWG telecontelecon to determine next stepsto determine next stepsSend a meeting summary, including this presentation, to Send a meeting summary, including this presentation, to McLarenMcLaren at at IfAIfA

PW