Sunwoo Park, Marjolein Stevens

Working Memory Model

• In 1974, created by Alan Baddeley and Graham

• To explain how the Short Term Memory workso ‘Multi store’ model was too simplistic.

• Dual task paradigmso Performing two tasks using two different perceptual domains

is efficient.o BUT performing two tasks using the same perceptual domain

is less efficient than performing one task.

Background information

• Central executive• Phonological loop• Visuo-spatial sketchpad• Episodic Buffer

Working Memory Model

Slave Systems

Working Memory Model

• Supervisory system• Controls the cognitive process

o Controls, manipulates, and processes the information that flow from and to slave systems (Phonological loop and Visuo-spatial sketchpad)

• Gathers information from different sources

• Organize the slave systems• Shifts between tasks• Selective attention

Central Executive

• Sound and verbal information• Vital for learning languages• Two parts

o Phonological store (inner ear) Uses sound based code to store information Information decays after 2 seconds, unless it is rehearsed

by the articulatory processo Articulatory rehearsal component (inner voice)

Can revive the memory traces Rehearses information verbally by repeating it Time based capacity: 2 seconds

Phonological Loop

• Temporary storage and process of visual informationo E.g. Remembering shapes and colors, or the location

• Three componentso Visual componentso Spatial componentso Kinesthetic (movement) components

Visuo-spatial Sketchpad

• In 2000, Episodic Buffer was added by Baddeley

• Connects information across domains to for unity of visual, spatial, and verbal information with chronological ordering

• Connected to long term memory

Episodic Buffer

• Elaborates on short term memory: instead of short term memory being static storage of information, becomes dynamic

• Involves both active processing and temporary storage of information

• Is involved in all complex tasks• Includes verbal rehearsal as an optional

process-> More realistic than the enormous significance within the ‘Multi store’ model • Integrates a large amount of findings from

work on short term and working memory

Strengths of Working Memory Model

• The role of central executive remain unclear and difficult to test.

• Is hard to measure limited capacity• Precise constraints of central executive

function are unknown.• Episodic buffer has not been investigated

extensively and its functions remain unclear.

Limitations of Working Memory Model

• Seeing as the learning perspective ignores mental processes completely, working memory model discredit the learning theory.o The mental process and the mental repetition of the word

were so influential on the outcome of the experiment of working memory model.

• Developed entirely independently from the psychodynamic approach.

Comparing and Contrasting with Other Perspectives

• http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Baddeley%27s_Model_of_Working_Memory

• http://alevelpsychology.co.uk/cognitive-psychology/memory/working-memory-baddeley-a-hitch-1974.html

• http://cranepsych.com/Psych/Working_memory_evaluation.pdf

• http://www.adppucrs.com.br/informativo/CONTRIBUTIONS.pdf

Bibliography