working of steam turbines and its aux ill aries

8/20/2019 Working of Steam Turbines and Its Aux Ill Aries

1/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF

STEAM TURBINE AND ITS AUXILIARIES

WORKING OF STEAM TURBINE AND ITS AUXILIARIES

-

INDEX

Abstract 1

CHAPTER 1

Introducton to St!a" Turbn! #

1.1 D!$ntons o$ St!a" turbn! # 1.2 %rnc&'! o$ O&!raton #

1.3 ('ass$caton o$ St!a" Turbn!s #

1.4 Basc t)&!s o$ turbn! * 1.4.1 T+! I"&u's! Turbn! *

1.4.2 T+! R!acton Turbn! ,

1.5 St!a" Turbn! A&&'catons -CHAPTER 2

St!a" Turbn! %arts 11

CHAPTER 3

(onstructon and St!a" F'o. 1/ CHAPTER 4

Nor"a' Wor0n (ondton 21 CHAPTER 5

S&!c$catons o$ St!a" Turbn! 23

CHAPTER 6

Turbn! Au4'ar!s

6.1 Turbn! Go5!rnn S)st!" 26

6.2 7acuu" S)st!" 2-

6.3 (ond!nsat! S)st!" 31

6.4 F!!d Wat!r S)st!" 3*

6.5 (oo'n Wat!r S)st!" /1 6.6 Lubrcaton O' S)st!" /2

(onc'uson /6

Bb'ora&+) /,

1 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


2/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


Lst o$ Fur!s %a! No8

F9a) Dara" o$ a t)&ca' coa':$r!d t+!r"a' &o.!r staton8 3

F818/81 Dara" o$ a I"&u's! Turbn! 6

F818/82 Dara" o$ a R!acton Turbn! ,

F8281 Dara" s+o.n %arts o$ St!a" Turbn! 11

F:282 Out!r ; Inn!r casn o$ St!a" turbn! 12

F


3/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


ABSTRACT

A &o.!r &'ant can b! rou+') d5d!d nto 3 &arts8 Furnac! bo'!r Turbn! .+c+

nc'ud!s cond!ns!r &u"& $!!d .at!r +!at!r and r!@!cton s)st!" and t+! !'!ctrc

!n!rator8 St!a" $ro" $urnac! s su&&'!d n .+c+ K8E o$ st!a" s us!d to dr5!

t+! turbn! to obtan M!c+anca' En!r)8 Stud) o$ St!a" turbn! .+c+ s ca&ab'!o$ !n!ratn &o.!r .t+ ts au4'ar!s s stud!d n t+s &ro@!ct8



4/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


INTRODUCTION TO THE FUNCTIONING OF A POWER

PLANT

(a)Diagram of a typical coal-r!" t#!rmal po$!r %tatio&

K!18 (oo'n to.!r 18 St!a" o5!rnor 5a'5! 1-8 Su&!r+!at!r



5/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


28 (oo'n .at!r &u"& 118 =+ &r!ssur! turbn! 28 Forc!d drau+t $an

38 Trans"sson 'n! 93:&+as!> 128 D!a!rator 218 R!+!at!r

/8 Unt trans$or"!r 93:&+as!> 138 F!!d +!at!r 228 Ar nta0!

#8 E'!ctrc !n!rator 93:&+as!> 1/8 (oa' con5!)or 238 Econo"s!r

*8 Lo. &r!ssur! turbn! 1#8 (oa' +o&&!r 2/8 Ar &r!+!at!r 68 Bo'!r $!!d &u"& 1*8 %u'5!rs!d $u!' "'' 2#8 %r!c&tator

,8 (ond!nsor 168 Bo'!r dru" 2*8 Induc!d drau+t $an-8 Int!r"!dat! &r!ssur! turbn! 1,8 As+ +o&&!r 268 (+"n!) Stac0

D"#$%&'%():-818 (oa' s con5!)!d 91/> $ro" an !4t!rna' stac0 and round to a 5!r) $n! &o.d!r b) 'ar! "!ta'

s&+!r!s n t+! &u'5!rC!d $u!' "'' 91*>8

28 T+!r! t s "4!d .t+ &r!+!at!d ar 92/> dr5!n b) t+! $orc!d drau+t $an 92>838 T+! +ot ar:$u!' "4tur! s $orc!d at ++ &r!ssur! nto t+! bo'!r .+!r! t ra&d') nt!s8

/8 Wat!r o$ a ++ &urt) $'o.s 5!rtca'') u& t+! tub!:'n!d .a''s o$ t+! bo'!r .+!r! t turns nto

st!a" and s &ass!d to t+! bo'!r dru" .+!r! st!a" s s!&arat!d $ro" an) r!"ann .at!r8#8 T+! st!a" &ass!s t+rou+ a "an$o'd n t+! roo$ o$ t+! dru" nto t+! &!ndant su&!r+!at!r 91->.+!r! ts t!"&!ratur! and &r!ssur! ncr!as! ra&d') to around 2 bar and #6( su$$c!nt to

"a0! t+! tub! .a''s 'o. a du'' r!d8

*8 T+! st!a" s &&!d to t+! ++:&r!ssur! turbn! 911> t+! $rst o$ a t+r!!:sta! turbn! &roc!ss868 A st!a" o5!rnor 5a'5! 91> a''o.s $or bot+ "anua' contro' o$ t+! turbn! and auto"atc s!t

&ont $o''o.n8

,8 T+! st!a" s !4+aust!d $ro" t+! ++:&r!ssur! turbn! and r!duc!d n bot+ &r!ssur! andt!"&!ratur! s r!turn!d to t+! bo'!r r!+!at!r 921>8

-8 T+! r!+!at!d st!a" s t+!n &ass!d to t+! nt!r"!dat! &r!ssur! turbn! 9-> and $ro" t+!r!

&ass!d dr!ct') to t+! 'o. &r!ssur! turbn! s!t 9*>8

18 T+! !4tn st!a" no. a 'tt'! abo5! ts bo'n &ont s brou+t nto t+!r"a' contact .t+co'd .at!r 9&u"&!d n $ro" t+! coo'n to.!r> n t+! cond!nsor 9,> .+!r! t cond!ns!s ra&d')

bac0 nto .at!r cr!atn n!ar 5acuu":'0! condtons nsd! t+! cond!nsor c+!st8

118 T+! cond!ns!d .at!r s t+!n &ass!d b) a $!!d &u"& 96> t+rou+ a d!a!rator 912> and &r!.ar"!d $rst n a $!!d +!at!r 913> &o.!r!d b) st!a" dra.n $ro" t+! ++ &r!ssur! s!t and

t+!n n t+! !cono"s!r 923> b!$or! b!n r!turn!d to t+! bo'!r dru"8

128 T+! coo'n .at!r $ro" t+! cond!nsor s s&ra)!d nsd! a coo'n to.!r 91> cr!atn a ++')5sb'! &'u"! o$ .at!r 5a&or b!$or! b!n &u"&!d bac0 to t+! cond!nsor 9,> n coo'n .at!r

c)c'!8

138 T+! t+r!! turbn! s!ts ar! cou&'!d on t+! sa"! s+a$t as t+! t+r!!:&+as! !'!ctrca' !n!rator 9#>.+c+ !n!rat!s an nt!r"!dat! '!5!' 5o'ta! 9t)&ca'') 2:2# 07>8

1/8 T+s s st!&&!d u& b) t+! unt trans$or"!r 9/> to a 5o'ta! "or! sutab'! $or trans"sson9t)&ca'') 2#:# 07> and s s!nt out onto t+! t+r!!:&+as! trans"sson s)st!" 93>8

1#8 E4+aust as $ro" t+! bo'!r s dra.n b) t+! nduc!d dra$t $an 92*> t+rou+ an !'!ctrostatc &r!c&tator 92#> and s t+!n 5!nt!d t+rou+ t+! c+"n!) stac0 926>8



6/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


1. INTRODUCTION TO STEAM TURBINE

A st!a" turbn! s a "!c+anca' d!5c! t+at !4tracts t+!r"a' !n!r) $ro" &r!ssurC!d st!a" and

con5!rts t nto rotar) "oton8 Its "od!rn "an$!staton .as n5!nt!d b) Sr (+ar'!s %arsons n

1,,/8

1.1 D!$ntons o$ S'*+ ',$%):

• Turbn! n .+c+ st!a" str0!s b'ad!s and "a0!s t+!" turn8

• A s)st!" o$ an'!d and s+a&!d b'ad!s arran!d on a rotor t+rou+ .+c+ st!a" s &ass!d

to !n!rat! rotatona' !n!r)8 Toda) nor"a'') us!d n &o.!r statons

• A d!5c! $or con5!rtn !n!r) o$ ++:&r!ssur! st!a" 9&roduc!d n a bo'!r> nto

"!c+anca' &o.!r .+c+ can t+!n b! us!d to !n!rat! !'!ctrct)8

• Eu&"!nt unt $'o.n t+rou+ b) st!a" us!d to con5!rt t+! !n!r) o$ t+! st!a" nto

rotatona' !n!r)8

1.2 P$%)#%& (/ O&$*'%():

In r!c&rocatn st!a" !nn! t+! &r!ssur! o$ !n!r) o$ st!a" s us!d to o5!rco"!!4t!rna' r!sstanc! and d)na"c acton o$ t+! st!a" s n!'b') s"a''8 St!a" !nn! "a) b!

r!turn b) usn t+! $u'' &r!ssur! .t+out an) !4&anson or dro& o$ &r!ssur! n t+! c)'nd!r8

T+! st!a" !n!r) s con5!rt!d "!c+anca' .or0 b) !4&anson t+rou+ t+! turbn!8 T+!!4&anson ta0!s &'ac! t+rou+ a s!r!s o$ $4!d b'ad!s 9noCC'!s> and "o5n b'ad!s !ac+ ro. o$

$4!d b'ad!s and "o5n b'ad!s s ca''!d a sta!8 T+! "o5n b'ad!s rotat! on t+! c!ntra' turbn!


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons


7/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


rotor and t+! $4!d b'ad!s ar! conc!ntrca'') arran!d .t+n t+! crcu'ar turbn! casn .+c+ s

substanta'') d!sn!d to .t+stand t+! st!a" &r!ssur!8

1.3 C*""%/%#*'%() (/ S'*+ T,$%)"

T+! $rst st!a" turbn! at ts t"! nd!!d dd s&ar0 o$$ t+! ndustra' r!5o'uton t+rou+

out t+! .!st8 =o.!5!r t+! turbn! at t+at t"! .as st'' an n!$$c!nt &!c! o$ +!a5) .!+n

++ "ant!nanc! "ac+n!8 T+! &o.!r to .!+t rato o$ t+! $rst r!c&rocatn st!a" turbn! .as!4tr!"!') 'o. and t+s '!d to a r!at $ocus "&ro5n t+! d!sn !$$c!nc) and usab't) o$ t+!

basc st!a" turbn! t+! r!su't o$ .+c+ ar! t+! &o.!r +ors!s t+at curr!nt') &roduc! "or! t+an

, o$ toda)s !'!ctrct) at &o.!r &'antsH

S'*+ T,$%)" *$ C*""%/%0 *":-

St!a" Turbn!s can b! c'ass$!d on t+! bass o$ a nu"b!r o$ $actors8 So"! o$ t+! "&ortant

"!t+ods o$ st!a" turbn! c'ass$caton ar! !nuncat!d b!'o.<

O) ' *"%" (/ S'* D"%):

St!a" turbn!s us! d$$!r!nt sta!s to ac+!5! t+!r u't"at! &o.!r con5!rson oa'8 D!&!ndn

on t+! sta!s us!d b) a &artcu'ar turbn! t s c'ass$!d as I"&u's! Turbn! or R!acton t)&!8

O) ' B*"%" (/ ' A$$*)+)' (/ %'" M*%) S*/':

D!&!ndn on t+! s+a$t arran!"!nt o$ t+! st!a" turbn! t+!) "a) b! c'ass$!d as Sn'!

+ousn 9casn> tand!" co"&ound 9t.o or "or! +ousns .t+ s+a$ts t+at ar! cou&'!d n 'n!.t+ !ac+ ot+!r> and (ross co"&ound turbn!s 9t+! s+a$ts +!r! ar! not n 'n!>8

O) ' B*"%" (/ S,&&! (/ S'*+ *)0 S'*+ E*,"' C()0%'%():

T+!) "a) b! c'ass$!d as (ond!nsn Non (ond!nsn (ontro''!d or Auto"atc !4tracton

t)&! R!+!at 9t+! st!a" s b)&ass!d at an nt!r"!dat! '!5!' r!+!at!d and s!nt aan> and M4!d

&r!ssur! st!a" turbn!s 9t+!) +a5! "or! t+an on! sourc! o$ st!a" at d$$!r!nt &r!ssur!s>8

O) ' *"%" (/ D%$#'%() (/ S'*+ F(:

T+!) "a) b! a4a' rada' or tan!nta' $'o. st!a" turbn!s8

O) ' B*"%" (/ S'*+ S,&&!:

Su&!r+!at!d st!a" turbn! or saturat!d st!a" turbn!8



8/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


1.4 B*"%# '!&" (/ ',$%)

T+! t.o "ost basc and $unda"!nta' t)&!s o$ st!a" turbn!s ar! t+! "&u's! turbn! and t+!"&u's! r!acton turbn!8

1.4.1 T I+&," T,$%): T+! "&u's! turbn! conssts o$ a s!t o$ statonar) b'ad!s $o''o.!d b) a s!t o$ rotor b'ad!s .+c+

rotat! to &roduc! t+! rotar) &o.!r8 T+! ++ &r!ssur! st!a" $'o.s t+rou+ t+! $4!d b'ad!s

.+c+ ar! not+n but noCC'!s and und!ro a d!cr!as! n &r!ssur! !n!r) .+c+ s con5!rt!d to0n!tc !n!r) to 5! t+! st!a" ++ 5!'oct) '!5!'s8 T+s ++ 5!'oct) st!a" str0!s t+! "o5n

b'ad!s or rotor and caus!s t+!" to rotat!8 T+! $4!d b'ad!s do not co"&'!t!') con5!rt a'' t+!

&r!ssur! !n!r) o$ t+! st!a" to 0n!tc !n!r) +!nc! t+!r! s so"! r!sdua' &r!ssur! !n!r)assocat!d .t+ t+! st!a" on !4t8 T+!r!$or! t+! !$$c!nc) o$ t+s turbn! s 5!r) '"t!d as

co"&ar!d to t+! n!4t turbn! .! ar! on to r!5!.: t+! r!acton turbn! or "&u's! r!actonturbn!8

F818/81 Dara" o$ a I"&u's! Turbn!

W($%) (/ I+&," T,$%):-



9/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


T+! "&u's! turbn! .as on! o$ t+! basc st!a" turbn!s8 It n5o'5!d str0n o$ t+! b'ad!s

b) a str!a" or a @!t o$ ++ &r!ssur! st!a" .+c+ caus!d t+! b'ad!s o$ t+! turbn! to

rotat!8 T+! dr!cton o$ t+! @!t .as &!r&!ndcu'ar to t+! a4s o$ t+! b'ad!8 It .as r!a'C!dt+at t+! "&u's! turbn! .as not 5!r) !$$c!nt and r!ur!d ++ &r!ssur!s .+c+ s a'so

ut! d$$cu't to "antan8 T+! "&u's! turbn! +as noCC'!s t+at ar! $4!d to con5!rt t+!

st!a" to ++ &r!ssur! st!a" b!$or! '!ttn t str0! t+! b'ad!s8

I+&," ',$%) +#*)%"+:

I"&u's! turbn! M!c+ans" d!a's .t+ t+! I"&u's! $orc! acton:r!acton8

As .! a'' 0no. t+! N!.ton 3rd 'a. o$ "oton E5!r) acton +as !ua' and o&&ost!r!acton t+! sa"! s .or0 on t+s8

As t+! .at!r $a'' on t+! b'ad! o$ t+! rotor t !n!rat! t+! "&act $orc! on t+! b'ad!

sur$ac! T+! b'ad! t!nds to 5! t+! sa"! r!acton to t+! $'ud but t+! rotor s attac+!d tot+! rotatn ass!"b') t absorb t+! $orc! "&act and 5! t+! r!acton n t+! dr!cton o$

t+! $'ud $'o.8 T+us t+! .+o'! turbn! rotat!s8T+! rotaton s&!!d o$ t+! turbn! d!&!nds on t+! $'ud 5!'oct) "or! t+! $'ud 5!'oct)

r!at!r t+! rotaton s&!!d and r!at!r t+! s&!!d "!ans "or! &o.!r !n!raton8

1.4.2 T R*#'%() T,$%)

T+! r!acton turbn! s a turbn! t+at "a0!s us! o$ bot+ t+! "&u's! and t+! r!acton o$

t+! st!a" to &roduc! t+! rotar) !$$!ct on t+! rotors8 T+! "o5n b'ad!s or t+! rotors +!r!ar! a'so noCC'! s+a&!d 9T+!) ar! a!rod)na"ca'') d!sn!d $or t+s> and +!nc! t+!r! s a

dro& n &r!ssur! .+'! "o5n t+rou+ t+! rotor as .!''8 T+!r!$or! n t+s turbn! t+!

&r!ssur! dro&s occur not on') n t+! $4!d b'ad!s but a $urt+!r &r!ssur! dro& occurs n t+!rotor sta! as .!''8 T+s s t+! r!ason .+) t+s turbn! s "or! !$$c!nt as t+! !4t

&r!ssur! o$ t+! st!a" s '!ss!r and t+! con5!rson s "or!8 T+! 5!'oct) dro& b!t.!!n t+!

$4!d b'ad!s and "o5n b'ad!s s a'"ost C!ro and t+! "an 5!'oct) dro& occurs on') n

t+! rotor sta!8



10/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F818/82 Dara" o$ a R!acton Turbn!

WORKING OF REACTION TURBINE:

In t+! r!acton turbn! t+! rotor b'ad!s t+!"s!'5!s ar! arran!d to $or" con5!r!nt

noCC'! R!acton Turbn!s8In t+! r!acton turbn! t+! rotor b'ad!s t+!"s!'5!s ar! arran!d to $or" con5!r!nt

noCC'!s8 T+s t)&! o$ turbn! "a0!s us! o$ t+! r!acton $orc! &roduc!d as t+! st!a"

acc!'!rat!s t+rou+ t+! noCC'!s $or"!d b) t+! rotor8 St!a" s dr!ct!d onto t+! rotor b)t+! $4!d 5an!s o$ t+! stator8 It '!a5!s t+! stator as a @!t t+at $''s t+! !ntr! crcu"$!r!nc!

o$ t+! rotor8 T+! st!a" t+!n c+an!s dr!cton and ncr!as!s ts s&!!d r!'at5! to t+! s&!!d

o$ t+! b'ad!s8 A &r!ssur! dro& occurs across bot+ t+! stator and t+! rotor .t+ st!a"acc!'!ratn t+rou+ t+! stator and d!c!'!ratn t+rou+ t+! rotor .t+ no n!t c+an! nst!a" 5!'oct) across t+! sta! but .t+ a d!cr!as! n bot+ &r!ssur! and t!"&!ratur!

r!$'!ctn t+! .or0 &!r$or"!d n t+! dr5n o$ t+! rotor8

T+s t)&! o$ turbn! "a0!s us! o$ t+! r!acton $orc! &roduc!d as t+! st!a" acc!'!rat!st+rou+ t+! noCC'!s $or"!d b) t+! rotor8 St!a" s dr!ct!d onto t+! rotor b) t+! $4!d

5an!s o$ t+! stator8 It '!a5!s t+! stator as a @!t t+at $''s t+! !ntr! crcu"$!r!nc! o$ t+!

rotor8 T+! st!a" t+!n c+an!s dr!cton and ncr!as!s ts s&!!d r!'at5! to t+! s&!!d o$ t+! b'ad!s8 A &r!ssur! dro& occurs across bot+ t+! stator and t+! rotor .t+ st!a"

acc!'!ratn t+rou+ t+! stator and d!c!'!ratn t+rou+ t+! rotor .t+ no n!t c+an! n

st!a" 5!'oct) across t+! sta! but .t+ a d!cr!as! n bot+ &r!ssur! and t!"&!ratur!

r!$'!ctn t+! .or0 &!r$or"!d n t+! dr5n o$ t+! rotor8

1.5 S'*+ T,$%) A&&%#*'%()"



11/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


T+! St!a" turbn!s o$ toda) ar! "ost') us!d n t+! &o.!r &roducton $!'d8 St!a"

turbn!s ar! us!d to !$$c!nt') &roduc! !'!ctrct) $ro" so'ar coa' and nuc'!ar &o.!r

&'ants o.n to t+! +ar"'!ssn!ss o$ ts .or0n $'ud .at!rJst!a" and ts .d!a5a'ab't)8 Mod!rn st!a" turbn!s +a5! co"! a 'on .a) n ncr!asn !$$c!nc) n

&!r$or"anc! and "or! and "or! !$$orts ar! b!n "ad! to tr) and r!ac+ t+! d!a' st!a"

turbn! condtons t+ou+ t+s s &+)sca'') "&ossb'!H A'"ost !5!r) &o.!r &'ant n t+!.or'd ot+!r t+an +)dro !'!ctrc &o.!r &'ants t+at us! turbn!s t+at run on .at!r 9t+!

Francs %!'ton turbn!s a'so +a5! t+! n$'u!nc! o$ st!a" turbn!s> us! st!a" turbn!s $or

&o.!r con5!rson8 Wt+ a'' t+! sc!nt$c ad5anc!"!nt n &o.!r !n!raton b!nattrbut!d to t+!" st!a" turbn!s r!a'') +a5! c+an!d t+! .a) t+! .or'd "o5!sH

St!a" turbn!s ar! d!5c!s .+c+ con5!rt t+! !n!r) stor!d n st!a" nto rotatona'

"!c+anca' !n!r)8 T+!s! "ac+n!s ar! .d!') us!d $or t+! !n!raton o$ !'!ctrct)

U'%%'! S'*+ T,$%) A&&%#*'%()":

A&&'catons $or ut't) St!a" Turbn!s ar! a&&'!d $or contro' o$ stra+t cond!nsnr!+!at and non:r!+!at st!a" turbn!s u& to 3MW8 T+!s! u&rad!s "a) nc'ud!

nt!rat!d !n!rator contro' $or !n!rator &rot!cton and !4ctatonJ A7R u&rad!sut'Cn t+! 'at!st co""on') a5a'ab'! ndustr):standard dta' !u&"!nt8

I)0,"'$%* *&&%#*'%() (/ "'*+ ',$%):

A&&'catons o$ Industra' St!a" Turbn!s co5!r a'' stra+t cond!nsn non:cond!nsnand auto"atc !4tracton st!a" turbn!s8 S&!c$c d!sn $!atur!s ar! ncor&orat!d to

addr!ss contro' ssu!s o$t!n unu! to &roc!ss &'ants nc'udn &a&!r "''s o' r!$n!r!s

c+!"ca' &'ants and ot+!r ndustra' a&&'catons !n!rator and "!c+anca' dr5!8So"! o$ t+! .or'ds 'ar!st turbn!s "anu$acturn co"&an!s t+at ar! s!!n t+! r!.ards

o$ r!s!arc+ and st!a" turbn! ad5anc!s ar! co"n to!t+!r to d!5!'o& ++') !$$c!nt

turbn!s8 T+! co''aboraton o$ Mtsubs+ =!a5) Mac+n!r) and G!n!ra' E'!ctrc En!r)

9GE En!r)> $or t+! conc!&tua'Caton and d!sn o$ a ++') !$$c!nt n!4t: !n!ratonst!a" turbn! $or ts nc!&ton n co"bn!d c)c'! as turbn! &o.!r &'ants r!c!nt') +as

$urt+!r &ro5!d t+at t+!r! s st'' a 'ot to b! ac+!5!d n st!a" turbn! r!'at!d r!s!arc+ and

d!5!'o&"!nt and t+at t+! sco&! $or "&ro5!"!nt can b! "uc+ ++!r8



12/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


CHAPTER 2

S'*+ T,$%) P*$'"

St!a" turbn!s ar! "ac+n!s t+at ar! us!d to !n!rat! "!c+anca' 9rotatona' "oton> &o.!r $ro" t+! &r!ssur! !n!r) o$ st!a"8 St!a" turbn!s ar! t+! "ost &o&u'ar &o.!r !n!ratn d!5c!s us!d n t+! &o.!r &'ant ndustr) &r"ar') b!caus! o$ t+! ++

a5a'ab't) o$ .at!r "od!rat! bo'n &ont c+!a& natur! and "'d r!actn &ro&!rt!s8

T+! "ost .d!') us!d and &o.!r$u' turbn!s o$ toda) ar! t+os! t+at run on st!a"8 Fro"

nuc'!ar r!actors to t+!r"a' &o.!r &'ants t+! ro'! o$ t+! st!a" turbn! s bot+ &5ota' andr!su't d!t!r"nn8

A st!a" turbn! basca'') +as a "!c+anca' sd! and an !'!ctrca' sd! to t8 T+!"!c+anca' co"&on!nts nc'ud! t+! "o5n &arts 9"!c+anca'> suc+ as t+! rotor t+!

"o5n b'ad!s t+! $4!d b'ad!s and sto& 5a'5!s .+'! t+! !'!ctrca' sd! conssts o$ t+!

!n!rator and ot+!r !'!ctrca' co"&on!nts to actua'') con5!rt t+! !n!r) nto a usab'!!as') trans$!rab'! $or"8

B*0":

For start!rs a s"&'! turbn! .or0s @ust '0! a .nd"''8 On') n t+! st!a" turbn!s o$

toda) rat+!r t+an str0n t+! b'ad!s dr!ct') t+! b'ad!s ar! d!sn!d n suc+ a .a) as to &roduc! "a4"u" rotatona' !n!r) b) dr!ctn t+! $'o. o$ t+! st!a" a'on ts sur$ac!8

So t+! &r"ar) co"&on!nt t+at o!s nto a st!a" turbn! s ts b'ad!s8 T+! b'ad!s o$ a

st!a" turbn! ar! d!sn!d to b!+a5! '0! noCC'!s t+us !$$!ct5!') ta&&n bot+ t+!

"&u's! and r!acton $orc! o$ t+! st!a" $or ++!r !$$c!nc)8 NoCC'! d!sn ts!'$ s a

co"&'!4 &roc!ss and t+! noCC'! s+a&!d b'ad! o$ t+! turbn! s &robab') on! o$ t+! "ost"&ortant &arts n ts constructon8 T+! b'ad!s ar! "ad! at s&!c$c an'!s n ord!r to

ncor&orat! t+! n!t $'o. o$ st!a" o5!r t n ts $a5or8 T+! b'ad!s "a) b! o$ statonar) or $4!d and rotar) or "o5n or t)&!s8



13/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F8281 Dara" s+o.n %arts o$ St!a" Turbn!

S*/'":

T+! s+a$t s a &o.!r trans"ttn d!5c! and s us!d to trans"t t+! rotatona' "o5!"!nto$ t+! b'ad!s conn!ct!d to t at on! !nd 5a t+! rotor to t+! cou&'n s&!!d r!duc!r or

!ar at t+! ot+!r !nd8

O,'$ C*"%):

T+! st!a" turbn! s surround!d b) +ousn or an out!r casn .+c+ contans t+! turbn!and &rot!cts t+! d!5c! co"&on!nts $ro" !4t!rna' n$'u!nc! and da"a!8 It "a) a'so

su&&ort t+! b!arns on .+c+ t+! s+a$ts r!st to &ro5d! rdt) to t+! s+a$t8 Usua'') s&'t

at t+! c!nt!r +orConta'') t+! casn &arts ar! o$t!n bo't!d to!t+!r $or !as) o&!nn

c+!c0n and st!a" turbn! "ant!nanc! and ar! !4tr!"!') sturd) and stron8

F%:282 Out!r ; Inn!r casn o$ St!a" turbn!8

G($)($:

T+! o5!rnor s a d!5c! us!d to r!u'at! and contro' or o5!rn t+! out&ut o$ t+! st!a"

turbn!8 T+s s don! b) "!ans o$ contro' 5a'5!s .+c+ contro' t+! st!a" $'o. nto t+!turbn! n t+! $rst &'ac!8

O% S!"'+:



14/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


A st!a" turbn! +as t+ousands o$ "o5n &arts and a'' t+!s! &arts not on') +a5! to "o5!

n ++ 5!'oct!s but a'so n!!d to b! &rot!ct!d $ro" .!ar and t!ar o5!r t+! )!ars8 T+s sdon! b) !$$!ct5! 'ubrcaton b) t+! o' s)st!" .+c+ o5!rns t+! &r!ssur! $'o. and

t!"&!ratur! o$ t+! turbn! o' t+! b!arn o' and 'ubrcaton o$ ot+!r "o5n &arts8

F


15/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F828/ %&!s

CHAPTER 3

CONSTRUCTION 7 STEAM FLOW

T+! turbn! s a sn'! s+a$t "ac+n! .t+ s!&arat! =% and L% &arts t+! =% &art b!n a sn'!

$'o. t+! I% and I% &arts doub'! $'o. c)'nd!rs8 Rn cou&'ns conn!ct t+! nd5dua' turbn!

rotors and t+! !n!rator rotor8

T+! =% c)'nd!r +as a t+rott'! contro'8 T+! nta' st!a" ad"tt!d b!$or! t+! b'adn b) $our

co"bn!d "an st!a" sto& and contro' 5a'5!s8 T+! 'n!s '!adn $ro" t+! t.o =% !4+aust

branc+!s to t+! r!+!at!d ar! &ro5d!d .t+ s.n c+!c0 5a'5!s .+c+ &r!5!nt +ot st!a" $ro" t+!r!+!at!r $'o.n bac0 nto t+! =% turbn!8

T+! st!a" co"n $ro" t+! r!+!at!r s &ass!d to t+! I% &art 5a $our co"bn!d r!+!ats sto& and

contro' 5a'5!s8 (rosso5!r &&!s conn!ct t+! I% and L% c)'nd!rs8

HP TURBINE8 BARREL T9PE CASING:

T+! out!r casn o$ t+! =% turbn! s o$ t+! barr!' t)&! and +as n!t+!r an a4a' nor a rada'

$'an!8 T+s &r!5!nts "ass accu"u'aton .t+ ++ t+!r"a' str!ss!s8 T+! a'"ost &!r$!ctrotatona' s)""!tr) &!r"ts "od!rat! .a'' t+c0n!ss o$ n!ar') !ua' str!nt+ at a'' s!ctons8 T+!

ud! b'ad! carr!r s a4a'') s&'t and 0n!"atca'') su&&ort!d8 As on') s'+t &r!ssur!d$$!r!nc!s ar! !$$!ct5! t+! +orConta' $'an! and conn!cton bo'ts can b! 0!&t s"a''8 T+! barr!'

t)&! casn &!r"ts $'!4b't) o$ o&!raton n t+! $or" o$ s+ort startu& t"!s and a ++ rat! o$

c+an! o$ 'oad !5!n at ++ nta' st!a" condtons8



16/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F8381 =% TURBINE



17/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F8382 SE(TIONAL 7IEW OF =% TURBINE

IP TURBINE:



18/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


T+! I% turbn! &art s doub'! $'o. constructon8 Attac+!d n t+! a4a'') s&'t casn s an nn!r

casn su&&ort!d 0n!"atca'') and ta0n t+! ud! b'ad!s8 T+! r!+!at!d st!a" s ad"tt!d to

t+! nn!r casn t+rou+ t+! to& and botto" c!nt!r o$ t+! casn8 T+! arran!"!nt o$ an nn!r casn con$n!s t+! ++ st!a" n'!t condtons to t+! ad"sson branc+ o$ t+! casn .+'! t+!

@ont o$ t+! out!r casn s on') sub@!ct!d to t+! 'o.!r &r!ssur! and 'o.!r t!"&!ratur! at t+!

!4+aust o$ t+! nn!r casn8

F8383 I% TURBINE

LP TURBINE:

T+! casn o$ t+! doub'! $'o. I% c)'nd!r s o$ t+r!! s+!'' d!sn8 T+! s+!''s ar! a4a'') s&'t and+a5! rd .!'d!d constructon8 T+! nn!r s+!'' ta0n t+! $rst ro.s o$ t+! ud! b'ad!s s

attac+!d 0n!"atca'') n t+! "dd'! s+!'$8 Ind!&!nd!nt o$ t+! out!r s+!'' t+! "dd'! s+!'' s

su&&ort!d at $our &onts on 'ontudna' b!a"s8 T.o rns carr)n t+!" 'ast ud! b'ad! ro.s

ar! a'so attac+!d to t+! "dd'! s+!'$8



19/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F838/ L% TURBINE WIT= S=AFT

F838# TURBINE ; GENERATOR SYSTEM IN STEAM %OWER %LANT

BLADING:

T+! !ntr! turbn! s &ro5d!d .t+ r!acton b'adn8 T+! ud! b'ad!s o$ t+! L% &arts .t+n5!rt!d T:roots and s+roudn ar! "''!d $ro" on! &!c!8 T+! 'ast sta!s o$ t+! I% &art conssts

o$ t.st!d dro& $or!d "o5n b'ad!s .t+ $r:tr!! roots ns!rt!d n corr!s&ondn roo5!s o$ t+!

rotor and ud! b'ad! ro.s "ad! o$ s+!!t st!!'8



20/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


BEARINGS:

F838* Man and T+rust B!arns"an b!arn?9b>s!cton o$ t+rust b!arn and +ousn?

9c>t+rust b!arn ca! n &'ac!

T+! =% rotor s su&&ort!d b) t.o b!arns t+! @ourna' b!arn at t+! $ront !nd o$ t+! turbn! anda co"bn!d @ourna' and t+rust b!arn dr!ct') ad@ac!nt to t+! cou&'n .t+ t+! I% rotor8 T+! I%

and L% rotors +a5n @ourna' and t+rust b!arn ncor&orat!s a @ourna' +!arn and t+rust b!arn

.+c+ ta0!s u& r!sdua' t+rust $ro" bot+ dr!ctons8 T+! b!arn t!"&!ratur!s ar! "!asur!d b)t+!r"ocou&'!s n t+! 'o.!r s+!'' dr!ct') und!r t+! .+t! "!ta' 'nn8 T+! t!"&!ratur! o$ t+!

t+rust b!arn s "!asur!d n t.o o&&ost! t+rust &ads8 T+! $ront r!ar b!arn &!d!sta's o$ t+! =%

turbn! s &'ac!d on bas! &'at!s8 T+! &!d!sta's o$ t+! L% &art ar! $4!d n &oston t+! $ront &!d!sta's o$ t+! L% &art ar! $4!d n &oston t+! $ront &!d!sta' and t+! &!d!sta' b!t.!!n =% and

I% &art ar! ab'! to "o5! n a4a' dr!cton8

T+! brac0!ts at t+! sd!s o$ t+! =% and I% &arts ar! su&&ort!d b) t+! &!d!sta's at t+! '!5!' o$ t+!"ac+n! a4a'8 In t+! a4a' dr!cton o$ t+! =% and I% &arts ar! $r"') conn!ct!d .t+ t+! &!d!sta'

b) "!ans o$ casn ud!d .t+out r!strctn rada' !4&anson8 Snc! t+! casn ud! do not

)!'d r!s&ons! to a4a' ds&'ac!"!nt t+! =% and I% casns as .!'' as assocat!d b!arns &!d!sta's "o5! $or.ard $ro" t+! $ront L% b!arn &!d!sta' on t+!r"a' !4&anson8



21/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


ourna' b!arns ar! "anu$actur!d n t.o +a'5!s and usua'') consst b!arn bod) $ac!d .t+

ant:$rcton tn bas!d babb'n to d!cr!as! co!$$c!nt o$ $rcton8 B!arn bod) "atc+ .t+

ad@ustab'! s!atn ass!"b') n t+! &!d!sta'8 B!arns ar! usua'') $orc!d 'ubrcat!d and +a5! &ro5son $or ad"sson o$ @ac0n o'8

T+! t+rust b!arn s nor"a'') Mtc+!' t)&! and s usua'') co"bn!d .t+ a @ourna' b!arn+ors!d n s&+!rca'') "ac+n!d st!!' s+!''8 T+! b!arn b!t.!!n t+! =% and I% rotors s o$ t+s

t)&!? .+'! t+! r!st ar! @ourna' b!arns8

Ear'!r !ac+ rotor us!d to +a5! ts o.n s!t o$ b!arns8 Not .t+ t+! &o&u'art) o$ rd cou&'n

b!t.!!n rotors t s &ossb'! to us! on') on b!arns b!t.!!n t.o rotors8 T+s arran!"!nt .''

'!ad to "or! $'!4b'! rotors 9'o.!r crtca' s&!!d> $or t+! sa"! rotor d!sn b!caus! s&an

b!t.!!n b!arns ncr!as!s8 Wt+ r!ducton n nu"b!r o$ b!arns '!nt+ o$ turbn! !ts r!duc!dr!su'tn n consd!raton sa5n n ca&ta' cost8

SHAFT GLANDS AND BLADE SEALING STRIPS:

A'' s+a$t 'ands s!a'n t+! st!a" n t+! c)'nd!rs aanst at"os&+!r! ar! a4a' $'o. 'ab)rnt+s8T+!) consst o$ a 'ar! nu"b!r o$ t+n s!a'n str&s .+c+ n t+! =% and I% &arts ar! a't!rnat!

cau'0!d nto roo5!s n t+! s+a$ts and surroundn s!a'n rns8 T+! s!a'n str&s o$ t+! L%

&arts ar! on') cau'0!d nto t+! s!a'n rns8 T+!s! rns ar! s&'t nto s!"!nts .+c+ ar! $orc!drada'') aanst a &ro@!cton b) +!'ca' s&rns and ar! ab'! to )!'d n t+! !5!nt o$ rubbn8

S!a'n str&s o$ s"'ar d!sn ar! a'so us!d to s!a' t+! rada' b'ad! str& c'!aranc!s8

ALES:

T+! =% turbn! s $tt!d .t+ $our nta' st!a" sto& and contro' 5a'5!s8 A sto& and contro' 5a'5!.t+ st!a"s arran!d at r+t an'!s to !ac+ ot+!r ar! co"bn!d n a co""on bod)8 T+! sto&5a'5!s ar! s&rn o&!rat!d sn'! s!a' 5a'5!s? t+! contro' 5a'5!s a'so o$ sn'! s!at d!sn +a5!

d$$us!r to r!duc! &r!ssur! 'oss!s8

I% turbn! +as $our:co"bn!d r!+!at sto& and contro' 5a'5!s8 T+! r!+!at sto& 5a'5!s ar! s&rn

'oad!d sn'! s!a'!d 5a'5!s8 T+! contro' 5a'5!s o&!rat! n &ara''!' and $u'') o&!n!d n t+! u&&!r

'oad ran! n t+! 'oad ran! t+!) contro' t+! st!a" $'o. to t+! I% turbn! and !nsur! stab'!o&!raton !5!n .+!n t+! turbo s!t s su&&')n on') t+! staton 'oad8

E+$)#! S'(& *" *)0 C()'$( *": ;ES"<

Turbn! s !u&&!d .t+ !"!r!nc) sto& 5a'5!s to cut o$$ st!a" su&&') and .t+ contro' 5a'5!s

to r!u'at! st!a" su&&')8 E"!r!nc) sto& 5a'5!s 9ES7> ar! &ro5d!d n t+! "anstr!a" 'n! and

nt!rc!&tor 5a'5!s 9I7> ar! &ro5d!d n t+! +ot r!+!at 'n!8E"!r!nc) sto& 5a'5!s ar! actuat!d b) s!r5o"otor contro''!d b) t+! &rot!cton s)st!"8 ES7

r!"ans !t+!r $u'') o&!n or $u'') c'os!8



22/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


(ontro' 5a'5!s ar! actuat!d b) t+! o5!rnn s)st!" t+rou+ s!r5o"otors to r!u'at! st!a"

su&&') as r!ur!d b) t+! 'oad8

7a'5!s ar! !t+!r sn'! s!at t)&! or doub'! s!at t)&!8 Sn'! s!at t)&! 5a'5!s ar! &r!$!rr!dt+rou+ t+!s! r!ur! ++!r $orc! $or o&!nn or c'osn8

C(,&%)":Snc! t+! s+a$t 9rotor> s "ad! n s"a'' &arts du! to $orn '"tatons and ot+!r t!c+no'oca'

and !cono"c r!asons t+! cou&'ns ar! r!ur!d b!t.!!n an) t.o rotors8 T+s cou&'n &!r"tsanu'ar "sa'n"!nt trans"ts a4a' t+rust and !nsur!s a4a' 'ocaton8 T+! cou&'ns ar! !t+!r

rd or s!" $'!4b'!8 T+! $or"!r n!t+!r &!r"ts anu'ar nor 'at!ra' d!$!cton .+'! t+! 'at!r

&!r"ts on') anu'ar d!$!cton8 Nu"b!r o$ crtca' s&!!ds d!&!nds u&on t+! "od!s o$ 5bratonsand +!nc! t+! t)&! o$ cou&'n &ro5d!d b!t.!!n rotors8 G!n!ra'') n 2J21MW

turbn!cou&'n b!t.!!n =%T and I%T s o$ rd t)&! and b!t.!!n I%T and L%T s o$ s!":

$'!4b'! '!ns t)&!8



23/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


CHAPTER 4

NORMAL WORKING CONDITION

F


24/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


T+s nt!r"!dat! st!a" s n!4t $urt+!r b'!!d nto nt!r"!dat! &r!ssur! turbn! a$t!r r!+!atn

!4&anson occurs8 T+s !4&and!d st!a" $urt+!r s!nt nto 'o. &r!ssur! turbn!8

T+! 0n!tc +!ad o$ t+! st!a" s us!d to rotat! or dr5! t+! turbn! rotor du! to !4&andn on t+!

turbn! b'ad!s8 T+s rotor o$ t+! turbn! s cou&'!d to !n!rator s+a$t8

Du! to r!5o'uton o$ !n!rator s+a$t &roduc!s t+! !'!ctrct) 9bas!d on t+! $arada)s 'a.>8 T+!

&o.!r !n!rat!d s 1/K7 s conn!ct!d to t+! st!& u& trans$or"!r &roducn / K7 and $urt+!r

conn!ct!d to s.tc+)ard $or dstrbuton8

W($%) ,)0$ *)($+* #()0%'%()":

T+! su&!r +!at!d st!a" $ro" t+! bo'!r su&!r +!at!r s b'!!d nto ++ &r!ssur! turbn! s cut o$$

b) a contro' 5a'5! t+!n t+! b) &ass s)st!" s us!d b!caus! du! to t+! contnuous $'o. o$ su&!r

+!at!d st!a" $ro" t+! bo'!r su&!r +!at!r '!ad to t+! da"a! o$ st!a" &&! 'n! du! to !4c!ss5!

ncr!as! n &r!ssur!8

T+!n t+! st!a" $ro" t+! b) &ass 5a'5! I "ad! to &ass t+rou+ t+! nt!r"!dat! &r!ssur! turbn!

or ++ &r!ssur! r!+!at!r8

S"'ar') $ t+! st!a" !nt!rn t+! nt!r"!dat! &r!ssur! turbn! s cut o$$ t+!n t+! st!a" s "ad!

b) &ass!d to &ass t+rou+ t+! contro' 5a'5!s and s!nt to co'd r!+!at!r8

S"'ar') $ t+! st!a" !nt!rn t+! 'o. &r!ssur! turbn! s cut o$$ t+!n t+! st!a" s "ad! b)

&ass!d to &ass t+rou+ bo'!r $!!d &u"&8

T+! !4&and!d st!a" $ro" t+! 'o. &r!ssur! turbn! s s!nt to t+! cond!ns!r8

T+! cond!nsat! s &u"&!d to Lo. &r!+!at!r 12 and $urt+!r to 'o. &r!+!at!r 3 b) cond!nsat!!4tracton &u"&8

T+! .at!r $ro" '&+3 s s!nt to d!ar!ator8 T+! .at!r $ro" d!ar!ator s s!nt to ++ &r!:+!at!r #*and t+!n to !cono"C!r and t+!n to t+! bo'!r $urnac!8 T+! +!at absorb!d b) t+! coo'n .at!r b)

cond!nsn t+! st!a" n t+! cond!ns!r s s!nt to t+! coo'n to.!rs $or coo'n b) I8D8 $an8



25/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


CHAPTER 5

S&#%/%#*'%()" (/ S'*+ T,$%)

Ma0! < B=EL KWU

T)&! < T+r!! c)'nd!r r!+!at (ond!nsn r!acton turbn!

No"na' ratn < # MW

%!a0 'oadn < #/# MW

Rat!d s&!!d < 3r&"

Ma4JMn s&!!d < 3-J2,#r&"

9no t"! '"taton>

S&!!d !4c'uson ran! < / to 2,#r&"

S'*+ P$"",$ 7 T+&$*',$ ;R*'0 *,"<

P$"",$ ;*'*< T+&. ;=C<

Inta' St!a" 16 #368



26/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


Frst sta! &r!ssur! 1#186-

#368

=% c)'nd!r !4+aust /# 3/28#

I% sto& 5a'5! n'!t /8# #36

E4tracton:* /#8 3/28#

E4tracton:# 1-8#2

/2,83

E4tracton:/ 68#6 328

E4tracton:3 286* 1-68,

E4tracton:2 18/2 13,8,

E4tracton:1 82,*

*68*

L% c)'nd!r !4+aust 8,,/

/381

W%';T())"< HP IP LP

R('($;#(+&' %'

B*0%)


27/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


Rotor o$ L% c)'nd!r 22-,18

L%+%'%) *,"

C*"%) '+&$*',$;=C<

A*$+ *' M># +,"' ",' 0() *'

=% turbn! !4+aust /,8 #8

Out'!t casn o$ L%c)'nd!r -8 118

A*$+ *' M># +,"' ",' 0() *'

=% turbn! "dd'! ## 6

I% turbn! $ront 3 /#

IP turbine rear +30 +45

9S&ra) .at!r to L% c)'nd!r "ust b! s.tc+!d on at -(>

T+&$*',$ D%//$)# ;K<

;B') U&&$ *)0 L($ C*"%) S#'%()<

S'*+ P,$%'!;KWU R#(++)00 *,"< D,$%) O&$*'%()

(onduct5t) at 2#(

A'0a'n! "!t+od 81 usJ("

S'ca acd9SO2> 81 "JK

Tota' ron9F!> 8# "JK

Tota' co&&!r 81 "JK

Sodu"9Na> 8# "JK



28/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


B*$%) T+&$*',$;=C<

A*$+ M># +,"' ",' 0() *' %$*'%();A"(,' %$*'%()<

B*$%) S*/' H(,"%)

No"na' 5a'u! $or a'ar" 3 "crons abo5!

nor"a' '!5!'

Ma48 5a'u! $or a'ar" 3#"crons 12 "crons

L"t 5a'u! $or

tr&&n9"anua'> /#"crons 2 "crons

D%//$)'%* E&*)"%()"

=% turbn! < #"" to :3""

I% turbn! < ,"" to :2""

L% turbn! < 3"" to :3""

M*'$%* O/ C()"'$,#'%()

C*"%)"

=% out!r casn

Barr!' casn GS 16 cr8 MO7 #11

=% b'ad! carr!r GS 16 cr8 MO #11

I% casn GS 22 MO /

L% casn Out!r ST 36:2N

Inn!r:I GS 22MO/= II1# MO 3



29/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


Inn!r:II ST 36:2N

S*/'"

=% s+a$t 2, (r8MO N #-

I% s+a$t 3 (r8MO N 7 #11

L% s+a$t 2* N (r MO 7 1/#

M(%) B*0"

=% turbn! $rst sta! 422 (r MO7 121

=% turbn! ot+!r sta!s 42 (r 13J422 (rMO7 121

I% turbn! sta! 42 (r MO 13J4 2 (r83

L% turbn! sta! 42 (r 13

CHAPTER 6

TURBINE AUXILIARIES

6.1 TURBINE GOERNING S9STEM

%o.!r staton turbn!s ar! constant s&!d "ac+n!s and t+!) ar! rotat!d at a s&!!d o$ 3r&" to

!nab'! t+! cou&'!d !n!rator to &roduc! !'!ctrct) at # =C $r!u!nc)8

T+! "an &ur&os! o$ t+! o5!rnor s to "antan t+! d!sr!d s&!!d o$ turbn! durn $'uctuaton

o$ 'oad on !n!rator b) 5ar)n st!a" n&ut nto t+! turbn! as r!ur!d8

T+! o5!rnn s)st!" s addton to !nsurn t+! $o''o.n 'oad s&!!d c+aract!rstcs o$ t+!turbn! a'so !nsur! t+! $o''o.n $unctons8

• T+! run u& o$ t+! turbn! $ro" t+! r!st to t+! rat!d s&!!d and s)nc+ronCn .t+

t+! rd8



30/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


• M!!tn t+! st!a" 'oad 5araton n t+! &r!d!t!r"n!d "ann!r .+!n runnn n

&ara''!' .t+ t+! ot+!r "ac+n!s8

• %rot!ctn t+! "ac+n! b) r!ducn t+! 'oad or s+uttn o$ co"&'!t!') n a

abnor"a' and !"!r!nc) stuaton8

T9PES OF GOERNING S9STEMS:

18 T+rott'! Go5!rnn8

28 NoCC'! Go5!rnn838 B)&ass Go5!rnn8

THROTTLE GOERNING:

In T+rott'! Go5!rnn s)st!" t+! o5!rnn attac+"!nt s attac+!d dr!ct') to t+! Turbn! s+a$t

ts!'$ and rotat!s at t+! sa"! s&!!d o$ t+! turbn!8 Accordn to t+! turbn! s&!!d t+! attac+"!nt

'n0!d .t+ t+! rotor .'' run8 T+! ba''s attac+!d to t+! arran!"!nt .'' run b) t+! c!ntr$ua'$orc! and t+! 5a'5! .'' o&!rat! and a''o. t+! st!a" to $'o. nto t+! turbn!8 W+!n t+! 'oad on

t+! !n!rator .'' !t t+rou+ o$$ and du! to t+s !$$!ct t+! s&!!d o$ t+! turbn! .'' rs!

tr!"!ndous') .+c+ .'' da"a! t+! !u&"!nt8 T+! $u'cru" attac+!d to t+! o5!rnn s)st!".'' &u'' t+! 5a'5! &oston8

NO??LE GOERNING<

In t+s "!t+od t+! NoCC'!s ar! rou&!d and t+! su&&') o$ st!a" s contro''!d b) a s&!ca' s)st!"

ca''!d as ELE(TRO =YDRAULI( (ONTROL s)st!"8 T+! contro''n o$ t+! nt!rc!&t 5a'5!s.'' su&&') t+! st!a" to t+! curt!s5!) sta! o$ t+! ++ &r turbn! t+rou+ nt!rc!&t 5a'5!s8 T+!r!

.'' b! a rac0 and &non attac+"!nt arran!"!nt to o&!rat! t+! nt!rc!&t 5a'5!s8 T+! 5a'5!s .''o&!rat! rada'') n a s!u!nc! b) "antann t+! n&ut su&&') und!r ba'ancn8 At $u'' 'oad t+!5a'5!s .'' b! n $u'') o&!n condton8 T+! o&!raton o$ t+! 5a'5!s tota'') carr!d out b) t+!

+)drau'c o' su&&') on') t+us t+! noCC'! o5!rnn s)st!" s ca''!d as ELE(TRO

=YDRAULI( (ONTROL GO7ERNING s)st!"8 In Ra"aunda" t+s s)st!" .as ado&t!d to

+a5! b!tt!r contro' on 5a'5! o&!raton8 It s "ost !$$!ct5! on! and s sutab'! $or contro' t+! ++ca&act) turbn!s8

B9PASS GOERNING:

In t+s s)st!" t+! st!a" s su&&'!d t+rou+ a &r"ar) 5a'5! and s ad!uat! to "!!t a "a@or

$uncton o$ t+! "a4"u" 'oad .+c+ s ca''!d t+! !cono"c 'oad8 At 'oads '!ss t+an t+st+rott'n st!a" t+rou+ t+s 5a'5! do!s t+! r!u'atons8 W+!n t+! 'oad on t+! turbn! !4c!!ds

t+s !cono"c 'oad .+c+ can b! d!5!'o& b) t+! UN t+rott'!d $u'' $'o. t+rou+ t+! &r"ar)

5a'5!8 T+s st!a" @ons t+! &arta'') s&!nt st!a" ad"ttn t+rou+ t+! &r"ar) 5a'5! d!5!'o&naddtona' b'ad! toru! to "!!t t+! ncr!as!d 'oad8



31/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


6.2 ACUUM S9STEM

As .! b!n t+! r!crcu'atn &roc!ss!s t+! $rst s)st!" .+c+ co"!s nto $ocus s t+! 5acuu"

s)st!"8 T+! !u&"!nts und!r t+s s)st!" as d!scrb!d n t+s c+a&t!r str5! to "a4"C! t+!.or0 don! o$ turbn! b) "antann t+! rat!d 5acuu" '"ts8

C()0)"$:

T+!r! ar! t.o cond!ns!rs !nt!r!d to t+! t.o !4+aust!rs o$ t+! L% turbn!8 T+!s! ar! sur$ac! t)&!

cond!ns!rs .t+ t.o:&ass arran!"!nt8 (oo'n .at!r &u"&!d nto !ac+ cond!ns!r b) a 5!rtca'

(8W8 %u"& t+ru t+! n'!t &&!8 Wat!r !nt!rs t+! n'!t c+a"b!r o$ t+! $ront .at!r bo4 &ass!s+orConta'') t+ru t+! brass tro!s to t+! .at!r bo4 at t+! ot+!r !nd ta0!s a turn &ass!s t+ru t+!

u&&!r c'ust!r to tub!s and r!ac+!s t+! out'!t c+a"b!r n t+! $ront .at!r bo48 Fro" t+!s! coo'n

.at!r '!a5!s t+! cond!ns!r t+ru t+! out'!t &&! and dsc+ar!s nto t+! dsc+ar! duct8



32/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


St!a" !4+aust!d $ro" t+! L% turbn! .as+n t+! outsd! o$ t+! cond!ns!r tub!s 'os!s t 'at!nt

+!at to t+! coo'n .at!r and s conn!ct!d .t+ .at!r n t+! st!a" sd! o$ t+! cond!ns!r8 T+s

cond!nsat! co''!cts n t+! +ot .!''8

F


33/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F


34/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


C()0)"*' P,+&":

T+! $uncton o$ t+!s! &u"&s s to &u"& out t+! cond!nsat! to t+! d!a!rator t+rou+ n@!ctor

'and st!a" coo'!r and L% +!at!rs8 T+!s! &u"&s +a5! $our sta!s and snc! t+! sucton s at a

n!at5! &r!ssur! s&!ca' arran!"!nts +a5! b!!n "ad! $or &ro5dn s!a'n8

T+! '!5!' ndcator $or 5sua' '!5!' ndcaton o$ +!atn st!a" cond!nsat! &r!ssur! 5acuu"

au!s $or "!asur!"!nt o$ st!a" &r!ssur! !tc t s a dr!ct contact t)&! +!at!r co"bn!d .t+$!!d stora! tan0 o$ ad!uat! ca&act)8 T+! +!atn st!a" s nor"a'') su&&'!d $ro" turbn!

!4tractons but durn startn and 'o. 'oad o&!raton t+! st!a" s su&&'!d $ro" au4'ar)

sourc!8

F


35/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


A> D!a!ratn co'u"n8

B> F!!d stora! tan08

D!a!ratn co'u"n s a s&ra) cu" tra) t)&! c)'ndrca' 5!ss!' o$ +orConta' constructon .t+

ds+!d !nds .!d!d to t8 T+! tra) stac0 s d!sn!d to !nsur! "a4"u" contact t"! as .!'' aso&t"u" scrubbn o$ cond!nsat! to ac+!5! !$$c!nt d!a!raton8 T+! d!a!raton co'u"n n

"ount!d on t+! $!!d stora! tan0 .+c+ n turn s su&&ort!d on ro''!rs at t+! t.o !nds and a

$4!d su&&ort at t+! c!nt!r8 T+! $!!d stora! tan0 s $abrcat!d $ro" bo'!r ua't) st!!' &'at!s8Man +o'!s ar! &ro5d!d on d!a!ratn co'u"n as .!'' as on $!!d stora! tan0 $or ns&!cton and

"ant!nanc!8

T+! cond!nsat! s ad"tt!d at t+! to& o$ t+! d!a!ratn co'u"n and $'o.s do.n.ards t+rou+ t+!s&ra) 5a'5!s and tra)s8 T+! tra)s and d!sn!d to !4&os! t+ou+ t+! "a4"u" .at!r sur$ac!s $or

!$$c!nt scrubbn to !$$!ct t+! 'b!raton o$ t+! assocat!d as!s:st!a" !nt!rs $ro" t+!

und!rn!at+ o$ t+! tra)s and $'o.s n count!r dr!cton o$ cond!nsat!8 W+'! $'o.n u&.ards

t+rou+ t+! tra)s scrubbn and +!atn s don!8 T+us t+! 'b!rat!d as!s "o5! u&.ards a'on.t+ t+! st!a"8 St!a" !ts cond!ns!d abo5! t+! tra)s and n turn +!ats t+! cond!nsat!8 Lb!rat!d

as!s !sca&!s to at"os&+!r! $ro" t+! o$$c! o&!nn !ant $or t8 T+s o&!nn s &ro5d!d .t+ anu"b!r o$ d!$'!ctors to "n"C! t+! 'oss o$ st!a"8

D!a!rators "an co"&on!nts ar! 5!n b!'o.<

18 Tubu'ar t)&! au! 'ass8

28 =+ '!5!' a'ar" s.tc+8

38 Lo. '!5!' a'ar" s.tc+8/8 %r!ssur! au!8

#8 Stra+t t+!r"o"!t!rs .t+ &oc0!ts8

*8 Sa$!t) 5a'5!868 Iso'atn 5a'5!s $or stand &&!s8



36/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F


37/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F


38/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F


39/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


6.4 FEED WATER S9STEM

T+s s)st!" &'a)s an "&ortant ro'! n t+! su&&') o$ $!!d .at!r to t+! bo'!r at r!ust! &r!ssur!

and st!a" .at!r rato8 T+s c+a&t!r d!scrb!s t+! 5arous au4'ar!s und!r t+s s)st!" startn$ro" Bo'!r F!!d %u"& to F!!d r!u'atn staton 5a =% +!at!rs8

B(%$ F0 P,+&:

T+s &u"& s +orConta' and o$ barr!' d!sn dr5!n b) an E'!ctrc "otor t+rou+ a +)drau'ccou&'n8 A'' t+! b!arns o$ &u"& and "otor ar! $orc!d 'ubrcat!d b) a sutab'! o' 'ubrcatn

s)st!" .t+ ad!uat! &rot!cton to tr& t+! &u"& $ t+! 'ubrcaton o' &r!ssur! $a's b!'o. a

&r!s!t 5a'5!8

T+! ++:&r!ssur! bo'!r $!!d &u"& s 5!r) !4&!ns5! "ac+n! .+c+ ca''s $or a 5!r) car!$u'

o&!raton and s0''!d "ant!nanc!8 T+! sa$!t) n o&!raton and !$$c!nc) o$ t+! $!!d &u"&d!&!nds 'ar!') on t+! r!'ab'! o&!raton and "ant!nanc!8 O&!raton sta$$ "ust b! ab'! to $nd

out t+! caus!s o$ d!$!ct at t+! 5!r) b!nnn .+c+ can b! !as') r!"o5!d .t+out t+!

!ndan!rn t+! o&!rator o$ t+! &o.!r &'ant and a'so .t+out t+! !4&!ns5! ds"ant'n o$ t+!

++ &r!ssur! $!!d &u"&8

T+! $!!d &u"& conssts o$ t+! &u"& barr!' nto .+c+ s "ount!d t+! nsd! stator to!t+!r .t+

rotor8 T+! +)drau'c &art s !nc'os!d b) t+! ++ &r!ssur! co5!r a'on .t+ t+! ba'ancn d!5c!8T+! sucton sd! o$ t+! barr!' and t+! s&ac! n t+! ++ &r!ssur! co5!r b!+nd t+! ba'ancn

d!5c! ar! !nc'os!d b) t+! 'o. &r!ssur! co5!rs a'on .t+ t+! stu$$n bo4 casns8 T+! brac0!ts

o$ t+! rada' b!arn o$ t+! sucton sd! and rada' and t+rust b!arn o$ t+! dsc+ar! sd! ar!

$4!d to t+! 'o. &r!ssur! co5!rs8 T+! !ntr! &u"&s s "ount!d on a $oundaton $ra"!8 T+!+)drau'c cou&'n and t.o c'a. cou&'ns .t+ cou&'n uards ar! a'so d!'5!r!d a'on .t+

t+! &u"&8 Wat!r coo'n and o' 'ubrcatn conn!ctons ar! &ro5d!d .t+ t+!r acc!ssor!s8



40/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


F< *8/ Turbn! Dr5!n Bo'!r F!!d %u"&

H% P$"",$ H*'$":

T+!s! ar! r!!n!rat5! $!!d .at!r +!at!rs o&!ratn at ++ &r!ssur! and 'ocat!d b) t+! sd! o$ turbn!8 T+!s! ar! !n!ra'') 5!rtca' t)&! and turbn! b'!d st!a" &&!s ar! conn!ct!d to t+!"8

=% +!at!rs ar! conn!ct!d n s!r!s on $!!d .at!r sd! and b) suc+ arran!"!nt t+! $!d .at!r

a$t!r $!!d &u"& !nt!rs t+! =% =!at!rs8 T+! st!a" s su&&'!d to t+!s! +!at!rs $ro" t+! b'!d &onto$ t+! turbn! t+rou+ "otor o&!rat!d 5a'5!s8 T+!s! +!at!rs +a5! a rou& b)&ass &rot!cton on

t+! $!!d .at!r sd!8 In t+! !5!nt o$ tub! ru&tur! n an) o$ t+! =%= and t+! '!5!' o$ t+!

cond!nsat! rsn to dan!rous '!5!' t+! rou& &rot!cton d!5c! d5!rts auto"atca'') t+! $!!d.at!r dr!ct') to bo'!r t+us b)&assn a'' t+! 3 =% +!at!rs8

As s+o.n n $87:, $!!d .at!r $'o.s t+rou+ t+! tub! s&ra's and s +!at!d b) s!a" around t+!tub!s n t+! s+!'' o$ t+! +!at!rs8 T+!s! +!at!rs ar! c)'ndrca' 5!ss!'s .t+ .!'d!d ds+!d !nds an

.t+ nt!rat!d d!:su&!r+!atn cond!nsn and sub coo'n s!ctons8 T+! nt!rna' tub! s)st!"

o$ s&ra's s .!'d!d to t+! n'!t and out'!t +!ad!rs8 In ord!r to $ac'tat! ass!"b') and

dsass!"b') ro''!rs at t+! sd! o$ t+! +!ad!r +a5! b!!n &ro5d!d8 Bot+ $!!d .at!r and st!a"!ntr!s and !4sts ar! $ro" t+! botto" !nd o$ t+! +!at!rs8 T+s d!sn o$$!rs t+! ad5anta! to

o&t"C! t+! arran!"!nt o$ &&n and t+! 'ocaton o$ t+! +!at!rs at &o.!r staton8

Fo''o.n $ttns ar! !n!ra'') &ro5d!d on t+! =% +!at!rs<

a> Gau! 'ass $or ndcatn t+! dran '!5!'8 b> %r!ssur! au! .t+ t+r!! .a) coc08

c> Ar 5!nt coc08

d> Sa$!t) 5a'5! s+!'' sd!8!> S!a' &ot8



41/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


$> Iso'atn 5a'5!s8

> =+ '!5!' a'ar" s.tc+8

Grou& &rot!cton d!5c! o$ =% =!at!rs< In t+! !5!nt o$ rsn o$ t+! dran cond!nsat! '!5!' n an)

on! o$ t+! =% +!at!r to t+! !"!r!nc) ++ '!5!' t+! $!!d .at!r $'o.n t+rou+ t+! co's o$ t+!

+!at!rs s d5!rt!d auto"atca'') dr!ct') to t+! bo'!r t+!r!b) a'' t+! rou&s o$ t+r!! =% +!at!rss b) &ass!d8

T,$%) D$%) B(%$ F0 P,+&:

T+! sn'! c)'nd!r turbn! s o$ t+! a4a' $'o. t)&!8T+! '5! st!a" $'o.s t+rou+ !"!r!nc)

sto& 5a'5! and t+!n t+rou+ t+! "an contro' 5a'5!s8T+! 5a'5!s r!u'at! t+! st!a" su&&')t+rou+ t+! turbn!8T+!r! ar! 1/ sta!s o$ r!acton b'adn8T+! turbn! s &ro5d!d .t+ t+!

!'!ctro +)drau'c o5!rnn s)st!"8T+! st!a" !4+aust!d $ro" t+! BF% turbn! s dr!ct')

conn!ct!d to t+! "an cond!ns!r and t+! turbn! 'ands ar! 'and st!a"8T+!r! ar! 2 TDBF%s $or

!ac+ #MW unt at ra"aunda" o$ ca&act) 1==.3+3>$ *' 2=4.32 *$.

F< *8/81 =% =!at!r

D$%&>D$*%) S!"'+:



42/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


T+! st!a" b'!d $ro" t+! turbn! a$t!r cond!nsaton s t!r"!d as dr&J dran8 T+! dran s

cascad!d $ro" =% 6 to I%s and $urt+!r to L% 2 a'' t+! cond!nsat! du! to t+! b'!d st!a" o$ t+!

+!at!rs s co''!ct!d to n d!a!rator 9durn nor"a' 'oad> and n L% 2 $ro" .+!r! t+! dran s &u"&!d bac0 nto t+! $!!d s)st!"8 T+! dran $ro" L%81 s on') conn!ct!d to t+! cond!ns!r b) U:

tub! .at!r s!a'8 T+! dran $ro" =%8# .'' o to d!a!rator or L%8/ d!&!ndn on t+! s+!'' &r!ssur!

and 'oad on t+! "ac+n!8 A'' t+! L% +!at!r drans ar! +a5n "anua' b)&ass .+c+ can b!o&!rat!d n cas! o$ an) nd5dua' r!u'ators $a'8 T+! dran $ro" L%82 can b! r!u'at!d to

cond!ns!r n cas! t+! '!5!' n L%82 rs!s to a &r!d!t!r"n!d '!5!'8

D$%& P,+&":

T.o nu"b!rs o$ s!ctona' "u'tsta! c!ntr$ua' +orConta' &u"&s &!r unt ar! &ro5d!d8 On!.'' b! runnn and t+! ot+!r s standb) 91 standb)>8 T+!s! ar! !s&!ca'') sut!d $or t+!

&ur&os! o$ &u"&n $ro" t+! s&ac! o$ ++ 5acuu"8 (ond!nsat! dr& $ro" L% +!at!r No82

9.+c+ s und!r 5acuu"> s &u"&!d aan to "an cond!nsat! 'n! n b!t.!!n L% +!at!rs8

F


43/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF




44/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


6.5 COOLING WATER S9STEM

• Eu&"!nt coo'n .at!r 9E(W> s)st!"< T+s .at!r s us!d to coo' t+! +!at!d 'ubrcatn

o' co"n $ro" t+! 'ub! o' coo'!rs o$ bo'!r and turbn! sd!8 T+s s d!"n!ra's!d

.at!r and s su&&'!d t+rou+ E(W &u"&s8

• Au4'ar) coo'n .at!r 9A(W> s)st!"< T+s s ra. .at!r ta0!n a ta&n $ro" (W

&u"&s dsc+ar! sd! &r!ssurC!d and crcu'at!d n a %'at! =!at E4c+an!r to coo' t+!

+!at!d E(W .at!r8

COOLING TOWERS ;CT"


45/51

STUDY OF WORKING OF


6.6 LUBRICATION OIL S9STEM

Introducton< sa"! o' s us!d $or o5!rnn ; 'ubrcaton8 T+! o' s 0!&t n t+! "an o'

tan08 T+! o5!rnn s d!sn!d $or o&!raton at t+! o' &r!ssur! o$ 1/0Jc"s .+'! 'ubrcaton

o$ b!arns s d!sn!d to .or0 at 20Jc"s8T+! $o''o.n !u&"!nt s a5a'ab'! n t+!

'ubrcatn s)st!"8

18 Au4'ar) o' &u"&

28 A8( 'ub! o' &u"&38 D8( !"!r!nc) o' &u"&

/8 "an o' &u"&

#8 boost!r &u"&*8 o' tan0

68 o' coo'!rs

,8 5!nt $ans

Lubrcaton o' s)st!" 'ubrcat!s bot+ turbn! and !n!rator b!arns8 Mor!o5!r t su&&'!s

o' to s!a' o' s)st!"8

Durn nor"a' o&!raton o$ turbn! s+a$t dr!ct') dr5!s &u"& 9c!ntr$ua' t)&!> at 3

r&" and su&&'!s o' to t+! 'ubrcaton s)st!"8 Au4'ar) o' &u"& s ncor&orat!d n t+! o'

s)st!" to d!'5!r o' to o5!rnn s)st!" and b!arns at t+! t"! o$ startn o$ turbn!.t+ bac0 u& &rot!cton8 D8(8 stands b) o' &u"&s ar! us!d $or b!arn o' su&&') on')8

AUXILAR9 OIL PUMP:

It s c!ntr$ua' &u"& dr5!n b) A8( !'!ctrc "otor8 Au4'ar) o' &u"& s &ro5d!d $or

"!!tn t+! r!ur!"!nt o$ o' $or t+! turbn! o5!rnn s)st!" and b!arn 'ubrcaton s)st!"

durn and sto&&n8 It s "ount!d on t+! "an o' tan08

DC LUB OIL PUMP:

T+! b!arn ar! &rot!ct!d $ro" &ossb'! 'ubrcaton $a'ur! b) t+! &ro5son o$ t.o

auto"atca'') startn o' &u"&s:8!8 A( 'ubrcaton o' &u"& and D( !"!r!nc) o' &u"& A(

'ub! o' &u"& auto"atca'') start .+!n 'ubrcaton o' &r!ssur! dro&s to 1820Jc"s8 T+!!"!r!nc) 'ubrcaton o' &u"& 9D( dr5!n> s &ro5d!d as a bac0u& &rot!cton aanst t+!

$a'ur! o$ A( 'ubrcaton o' &u"& or A( su&&')8 D( 'ubrcaton o' &u"& cuts n auto"atca'')

.+!n 'ubrcaton &r!ssur! dro&s do.n to 8,0Jc"s8 Bot+ A( 'ubrcaton o' &u"& and D('ubrcaton o' &u"& ar! "ount!d on "an o' tan08

MAIN OIL PUMP:



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STUDY OF WORKING OF


Durn nor"a' o&!raton o$ turbn! "an 'ubrcaton o' &u"& s "ount!d on turbn! s+a$t

and dr5!n b) turbn! s+a$t at 3r&"8 It su&&'!s o' to t+! o5!rnn and 'ub! o' s)st!"8

%u"& s d!sn!d $or contnu!s o&!raton at 3r&" and nsta''!d nsd! t+! $ront &!d!sta' o$ turbn!8 T+! MO% s ca&ab'! to su&&') o' to t+! s)st!" at $u'' ca&act) .+!n t+! turbn! r!ac+!s

to 2,r&"8 T+!n t+! AO% .+c+ s n s!r5c! .'' b! s!&arat!d $ro" t+! s)st!" auto"atca'')8

BOOSTER PUMP:

T+! o' &r!ssur! d!5!'o&!d b) au4'ar) o' &u"& dsc+ar! durn starn and sto&&n o$ turbn! o&!rat!s boost!r &u"&8 Durn nor"a' runnn o$ turbn! 9at 3r&"> t s o&!rat!d b)

"an o' &u"& dsc+ar!8 It su&&'!s o' to 'ubrcatn8

OIL TANK:

O' s stor!d n "an o' tan0 9MOT> .+os! ca&act) s 1*cu"8 T.o nu"b!rs o$ 5a&our $ans

ar! "ount!d on MOT to !4tract o' 5a&our and dsso'5!d as!s a'so to t+! at"os&+!r! $ro"

MOT8 Au4'ar) o' &u"& A( 'ubrcaton o' &u"& D( 'ubrcaton boost!r &u"& and o' coo'!rsar! "ount!d on MOT8

O' '!5!' ndcators and nstru"!nts suc+ as o' &r!ssur! and t!"&!ratur! au!s and

&r!ssur! s.tc+!s $or &u"& nt!r'oc0s and annuncatons ar! "ount!d on MOT8 Loca' startn

and sto&&n o$ &u"&s and 'oca' &r!ssur! ndcators ar! a'so a5a'ab'! on MOT8 T+! o' coo'!r c+ann s)st!" and "an!tc du&'!4 s)st!" s!'!cton a'so "ount!d on MOT8 T+! 'n! to o'

&ur$caton s)st!" s conn!ct!d to MOT8

OIL COOLERS:

O' coo'!rs ar! o$ sur$ac! t)&!8 Usua'') on! coo'!r .'' b! n s!r5c! .+'! t+! ot+!r sstandb)8 It conssts o$ tub!s t+rou+ .+c+ coo'n "!du" $'o.s8 T+! coo'n "!du" us!d sra. .at!r8 T+! o' coo'!r consst o$ t+! $o''o.n8

18 s+!''28 u&&!r .at!r c+a"b!r

38 'o.!r .at!r c+a"b!r

/8 tub! s)st!"#8 coo'!r c+an! o5!r "!c+ans"



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STUDY OF WORKING OF


F


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STUDY OF WORKING OF




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STUDY OF WORKING OF


F


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STUDY OF WORKING OF


CONCLUSION

T+! .or0n o$ St!a" Turbn! #MW .as stud!d t+! &roc!ss o$ (on5!rson o$

Kn!tc +!ad o$ St!a" nto M!c+anca' En!r) .as obs!r5!d8 T+! Au4'ar!s o$

St!a" Turbn! and t+!r "&ortanc! n &o.!r !n!raton .!r! stud!d and

obs!r5!d t+! 5arous co"&on!nts n5o'5!d n t+! .or0n o$ St!a" Turbn!8



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STUDY OF WORKING OF


BIBILOGRAPH9

+tt&

working of steam turbines and its aux ill aries

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