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ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 1
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
Working Paper 2015/02: Assessment of Organisations Involved With the Antarctic and Their Engagement With New Zealand YouthAuthor: Miranda Voke
1. Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to record what organisations are currently doing to engage New Zealand youth with the Antarctic and Southern Ocean region. The paper also provides an historical context by recording a brief history of the region from AD 650 to today.
The paper has been prepared for the New Zealand Antarctic Youth Council (NZAYC). In 2014 the McGuinness Institute brought together nine youths between the ages of 18 and 30 to formally establish the NZAYC in 2015. This paper aims to describe the current landscape, identifying where opportunities exist for the NZAYC going forward. This paper may prove useful for other parties interested in progressing informed debate on the future of the Antarctic.
2. Methodology
Given the purpose above, the approach was to produce three tables in three appendices. The first two appendices reflect the current landscape – who is doing what in regard to youth engagement. Appendix 1 lists organisations unique to New Zealand whereas Appendix 2 lists international organisations operating in New Zealand. Appendix 3 is a timeline which reflects the historical context. Please note a list of all abbreviations can be found on page 4.
Organisational Analysis (Appendices 1 and 2) At the first NZAYC organising committee meeting (Tuesday, 21 October 2014) it was decided a review of the current landscape was necessary. At this meeting, attendees brainstormed a list of organisations, which was further expanded in coming weeks. Information contained in Appendices 1 and 2 include:
a) the name of the organisation;b) the overall purpose of the organisation;c) the date the organisation was established;d) the contact details of the organisation; ande) any engagement with New Zealand youth.
To gather this information, a search was conducted on the website of each organisation. In some instances, all the required information was clearly displayed on the website. In other instances, information such as the purpose, date of creation or the organisation’s engagement with New Zealand youth was not clearly identified and in-depth research was necessary. In a few situations, this led to direct contact with the organisation in question.
About the author: Miranda Voke holds a B.A. in politics and a Master of Research in environmental management from Swansea
University. The McGuinness Institute would like to thank reviewers of the paper from the New Zealand Antarctic Youth Council:
Peggy Cunningham-Hales, Bella Duncan, Christoph Kraus, Hanne Nielsen, James Tremlett, Lagi Tuimavave and Charlie Wilkinson.
Published 26 January 2015 ISBN 978-1-972193-52-5 (PDF)
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 2
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
Timeline (Appendix 3) Although there are a number of timelines currently online, it was decided that the committee would benefit from having its own timeline on its website. It was also decided to separate the timeline into New Zealand-specific events and the more broader global context. The final timeline can be viewed in Appendix 3 and on the NZAYC and McGuinness Institute’s website*. Please note that in contrast to this paper, the timeline will be updated over time.
A draft of the paper was distributed to the organising committee of the NZAYC for review and comment. The reviewers were then able to give feedback on any organisations they felt needed to be added or removed from the appendices.
3. Limitations
There were limitations to the organisations analysis in Appendices 1 and 2. The primary issue encountered was a decision on how to include international organisations which are influential in New Zealand but are not based here. As the Antarctic is managed largely through international collaboration, there are many international organisations of this nature. These organisations were separated from New Zealand-based organisations and comprise Appendix 2.
A second limitation which emerged related to the required level of involvement between the organisation and the Antarctic for the organisation to be considered relevant to the list. Certain organisations are clearly relevant, such as Antarctica New Zealand and the New Zealand Antarctic Society (NZAS), while other organisations are not, such as Air New Zealand or Forest and Bird. In some instances, the organisation had links to the Antarctic via research collaborations, competitions or campaigns focusing on the Antarctic and the subantarctic region, but the Antarctic is not a focus of their primary work. In these cases where a degree of judgement was required, the role of external reviewers was crucial.
A third limitation focused on the classification of New Zealand ‘youth’. As a starting point, the NZAYC used the age bracket of 18 to 30 to define youth. In this working paper, we have kept this definition in mind. However, in the list below, details were included of organisations engagement with teenagers or children below the age of 18. This provides as much information as possible on the work organisations are undertaking to engage those aged 30 or below with the Antarctic.
There were no obvious limitations to the timeline in Appendix 3.
4. What we found
There are a large number of organisations working hard to engage youth in the Antarctic. However, there is currently no youth organisation able to provide an independent youth voice on this important topic. There is clearly a role for the NZAYC and a wide group of other stakeholders who may be interested in partnering with the council to achieve shared goals.
We hope this will provide a useful resource for the NZAYC and others to explore ways to engage and inform youth about the Antarctic.
* See the Antarctic Timeline on the NZAYC and the McGuinness Institute’s website: http://antarcticyouthnz.org/?page_id=98 and http://www.mcguinnessinstitute.org/Site/Timelines/The_Antarctic/The_Antarctic_Timeline_.aspx respectively.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 3
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
Table 1: New Zealand-based organisations involved with the Antarctic
1. Air New Zealand2. Antarctic Environments Portal3. Antarctic Heritage Trust4. Antarctica New Zealand5. Antarctic Research Centre (ARC) (Victoria University of Wellington)6. Department of Conservation (DOC)7. Enderby Trust 8. Environmental Conservation Organisations of Aotearoa New Zealand (ECO)9. Forest and Bird10. Gateway Antarctica (University of Canterbury)11. GNS Sciences: DrillNZ12. International Antarctic Centre13. International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research (ICTAR) (University of Waikato)14. Landcare Research15. Land Information New Zealand (LINZ)16. Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE): National Science Challenges: Sustainable Seas National Science Challenges: The Deep South 17. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT)18. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA)19. New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NZARI)20. New Zealand Antarctic Society21. NZ IceFest22. Polar Environment Research Theme (PERT) (University of Otago)23. Snow and Ice Research Group New Zealand (SIRG)24. The Morgan Foundation: Our Far South Project25. The Sir Peter Blake Trust26. World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) New Zealand
Table 2: International organisations involved with the Antarctic partially operating in New Zealand
1. ANDRILL: Antarctic Geological Drilling (ANDRILL)2. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC)3. Antarctic Oceans Alliance (AOA)4. Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC)5. Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS)6. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)7. Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP)8. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 9. Polar Educators International (PEI)
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 4
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Abbreviations
ACE CRC Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research CentreANDRILL Antarctic Geological Drilling
AOA Antarctic Oceans AllianceAPECS Association of Polar Early Career ScientistsARC The Antarctic Research CentreASOC Antarctic and Southern Ocean CoalitionBAE1 The first Byrd Antarctic ExpeditionBAE2 The second Byrd Antarctic ExpeditionBANZARE The British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research ExpeditionCCAMLR Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living ResourcesCEP Antarctic Treaty System’s Committee for Environmental ProtectionCoEnCo New Zealand Conference on Environment and ConservationCOMNAP Council of Managers of National Antarctic ProgramsCRI Crown Research InstituteCRP Cape Roberts ProjectDOC Department of ConservationDSIR The Department of Scientific and Industrial ResearchECO Environmental Conservation Organisations of Aotearoa New ZealandGNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences LimitedICSU International Council for ScienceICTAR International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic ResearchIGY International Geophysical YearJARPA II The second Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the AntarcticKCC The Kiwi Conservation ClubLINZ Land Information New ZealandMBIE Ministry of Business, Innovation and EmploymentMoE Ministry of EducationMFAT Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TradeMPI Ministry for Primary IndustriesMYD Ministry of Youth DevelopmentNIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research LtdNGO Non-governmental organisationNZAM The New Zealand Antarctic MedalNZARI New Zealand Antarctic Research InstituteNZARP New Zealand Antarctic Research ProgrammeNZAS The New Zealand Antarctic SocietyNZAYC New Zealand Antarctic Youth CouncilNZGSAE The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic ExpeditionNZTABS New Zealand Terrestrial Antarctic Biocomplexity SurveyPCAS The Postgraduate Certificate in Antarctic Studies, University of CanterburyPEI Polar Educators International
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 5
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
PERT Polar Environment Research ThemeUSSR The Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsRDRC Ross Dependency Research CommitteeRNZAF The Royal New Zealand Air ForceSCAR The Scientific Committee on Antarctic ResearchSIRG Snow and Ice Research Group New ZealandSMO Science Management OfficeTAE Trans-Antarctic ExpeditionTEAL Tasman Empire AirwaysWWF World Wildlife Fund for Nature
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 6
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Tabl
e 1:
New
Zea
land
bas
ed o
rgan
isatio
ns in
volv
ed w
ith th
e An
tarc
tic.
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
1Ai
r New
Ze
alan
d‘A
ir N
ew Z
eala
nd d
eliv
ers u
niqu
ely
Kiw
i jo
urne
ys to
mor
e th
an 1
3 m
illio
n pa
ssen
gers
w
ho fl
y to
, fro
m a
nd w
ithin
New
Zea
land
eac
h ye
ar. T
he a
irlin
e op
erat
es m
ore
than
4,0
00
fligh
ts e
ach
wee
k, c
onne
cting
cus
tom
ers t
o 26
des
tinati
ons w
ithin
New
Zea
land
and
to
Aust
ralia
, the
Pac
ific
Isla
nds,
Indo
nesia
, Chi
na,
Japa
n, C
anad
a, U
SA a
nd th
e U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m.’1
‘As a
glo
bal a
irlin
e, A
ir N
ew Z
eala
nd h
elps
pe
ople
exp
erie
nce
the
wor
ld. S
o it’
s im
port
ant
for u
s to
find
way
s to
help
min
imise
our
im
pact
. Bal
anci
ng o
ur b
usin
ess n
eeds
with
our
en
viro
nmen
tal r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s is a
n on
goin
g m
issio
n. P
artn
ersh
ips w
ith tr
ailb
laze
rs in
en
viro
nmen
tal s
cien
ce a
nd in
nova
tion
help
us
mak
e a
diffe
renc
e.Ai
r New
Zea
land
has
dee
p lin
ks to
Ant
arcti
ca
and
has b
een
a st
rong
supp
orte
r of
New
Zea
land
scie
ntific
rese
arch
on
the
conti
nent
for s
ever
al y
ears
by
prov
idin
g tr
avel
fo
r int
erna
tiona
l res
earc
h co
llabo
ratio
n an
d ed
ucati
onal
gra
nts f
or A
ntar
ctic
scie
ntist
s. In
20
12 w
e fo
rmal
ly si
gned
up
to a
thre
e ye
ar
part
ners
hip
with
Ant
arcti
ca N
ew Z
eala
nd a
nd
the
New
Zea
land
Ant
arcti
c Re
sear
ch In
stitu
te
(NZA
RI).
Thro
ugh
this
part
ners
hip
we
are
supp
ortin
g es
senti
al sc
ienti
fic re
sear
ch o
n th
e ic
e th
at p
rovi
des a
gre
ater
und
erst
andi
ng
of A
ntar
ctica
and
the
impa
cts o
f clim
ate
chan
ge.’2
1956
whe
n Ta
sman
Em
pire
Ai
rway
s Li
mite
d (T
EAL)
was
re
nam
ed
Air N
ew
Zeal
and.
Air N
ew Z
eala
nd H
ead
Offi
ce
185
Fans
haw
e St
reet
Au
ckla
nd 1
010
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 9
366
292
9w
ww
.ant
arcti
ca.
airn
ewze
alan
d.co
m
• ‘In
late
201
3, A
ir N
ew Z
eala
nd
laun
ched
a g
loba
l sea
rch
to fi
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l ent
husia
sts k
een
to
shar
e th
e w
onde
rs o
f the
Ant
arcti
c fr
ozen
con
tinen
t with
the
wor
ld.
Aust
ralia
n st
uden
t film
mak
er
Mar
li Lo
pez-
Hope
and
Kiw
i ‘o
utdo
orsm
an’ M
icha
el A
rmst
rong
w
ere
sele
cted
from
alm
ost 2
,000
ap
plic
ants
acr
oss 5
2 co
untr
ies t
o tr
avel
to A
ntar
ctica
on
assig
nmen
t w
ith A
ir N
ew Z
eala
nd. M
arli
and
Mic
hael
dep
loye
d to
Ant
arcti
ca in
Ja
nuar
y 20
14, w
here
they
spen
t tw
o w
eeks
ass
isting
Nati
onal
Ge
ogra
phic
pho
togr
aphe
r Jas
on
Edw
ards
cap
ture
life
on
the
ice
and
to h
elp
draw
wor
ldw
ide
atten
tion
to sc
ienti
fic re
sear
ch a
nd th
e en
viro
nmen
t in
Anta
rctic
a.’3
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 7
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
2An
tarc
tic
Envi
ronm
ents
Po
rtal
‘The
Ant
arcti
c En
viro
nmen
ts P
orta
l pro
vide
s an
impo
rtan
t lin
k be
twee
n An
tarc
tic sc
ienc
e an
d An
tarc
tic p
olic
y. T
he P
orta
l mak
es sc
ienc
e-ba
sed
info
rmati
on a
vaila
ble
to th
e An
tarc
tic
Trea
ty S
yste
m's
Com
mitt
ee fo
r Env
ironm
enta
l Pr
otec
tion
(CEP
) and
all
the
Anta
rctic
Tre
aty
natio
ns. T
he in
form
ation
in th
e Po
rtal
is th
ere
to su
ppor
t the
CEP
in it
s dev
elop
men
t of
advi
ce a
nd re
com
men
datio
ns to
the
Anta
rctic
Tr
eaty
Con
sulta
tive
Parti
es o
n en
viro
nmen
tal
prot
ectio
n. T
he P
orta
l also
ena
bles
Ant
arcti
c sc
ienti
sts,
par
ticul
arly
thro
ugh
SCAR
, to
prov
ide
inde
pend
ent s
cien
tific
advi
ce to
the
Anta
rctic
Tre
aty
incl
udin
g to
brin
g ne
w o
r em
ergi
ng is
sues
to th
e att
entio
n of
pol
icy
mak
ers.’
4
2014
.
The
full
vers
ion
is to
be
laun
ched
in
201
5.5
Curr
ent m
anag
emen
t by:
An
tarc
tica
New
Zea
land
Adm
inist
ratio
n Bu
ildin
gIn
tern
ation
al A
ntar
ctic
Cent
re38
Orc
hard
Roa
dCh
ristc
hurc
h 80
53N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 3
358
020
0 w
ww
.env
ironm
ents
.aq
• A
wor
ksho
p w
as ru
n fo
r APE
CS
mem
bers
in A
uckl
and
durin
g th
e 20
14 S
CAR
Ope
n Sc
ienc
e Co
nfer
ence
to o
btai
n in
put f
rom
yo
ung
scie
ntist
s.
3An
tarc
tic
Herit
age
Trus
t‘E
nsur
e th
e ex
pedi
tion
base
s and
the
thou
sand
s of a
ssoc
iate
d ar
tefa
cts s
urvi
ve fo
r th
e be
nefit
of f
utur
e ge
nera
tions
;In
spire
peo
ple
thro
ugh
the
valu
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith a
dven
ture
, disc
over
y an
d en
dura
nce.
’6
1987
Anta
rctic
Her
itage
Tru
stAd
min
istra
tion
Build
ing
Inte
rnati
onal
Ant
arcti
c Ce
ntre
38 O
rcha
rd R
oad
Chris
tchu
rch
8053
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 3
358
021
2w
ww
.nza
ht.o
rg
• Th
e Tr
ust i
s an
asso
ciat
e su
ppor
ter
of th
e Si
r Pet
er B
lake
Tru
st A
ntar
ctic
Yout
h Am
bass
ador
pro
gram
me.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 8
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
4An
tarc
tica
New
Ze
alan
d‘A
ntar
ctica
New
Zea
land
is th
e Cr
own
Entit
y re
spon
sible
for d
evel
opin
g, m
anag
ing
and
exec
uting
New
Zea
land
Gov
ernm
ent
activ
ities
in A
ntar
ctica
and
the
Sout
hern
O
cean
, in
parti
cula
r the
Ros
s Dep
ende
ncy.
W
e m
anag
e Sc
ott B
ase,
New
Zea
land
’s An
tarc
tic re
sear
ch st
ation
. We
mai
ntai
n N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
oper
ation
al p
rese
nce
in th
e Ro
ss D
epen
denc
y fo
r the
ben
efit o
f pre
sent
an
d fu
ture
gen
erati
ons o
f New
Zea
land
ers.
Ke
y ac
tiviti
es in
clud
e su
ppor
ting
scie
ntific
re
sear
ch, c
onse
rvin
g th
e in
trin
sic v
alue
s of
Anta
rctic
a an
d th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
and
raisi
ng
publ
ic a
war
enes
s (in
par
t thr
ough
art
s, m
edia
an
d yo
uth
prog
ram
mes
) of t
he in
tern
ation
al
signi
fican
ce o
f the
con
tinen
t.’7
1996
Anta
rctic
a N
ew Z
eala
ndAd
min
istra
tion
Build
ing
Inte
rnati
onal
Ant
arcti
c Ce
ntre
38 O
rcha
rd R
oad
Chris
tchu
rch
8053
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 3
358
020
0w
ww
.ant
arcti
canz
.gov
t.nz
• Th
e Po
stgr
adua
te R
esea
rch
Scho
lars
hip
Prog
ram
me
is de
signe
d to
enc
oura
ge re
sear
cher
s to
purs
ue
inte
rest
s in
Anta
rctic
a an
d th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
. The
scho
lars
hips
su
ppor
t mas
ter’s
or d
octo
ral
rese
arch
and
logi
stica
l sup
port
for
one
or tw
o se
ason
s in
Anta
rctic
a.
(The
Sch
olar
ship
Pro
gram
me
is su
ppor
ted
by A
ntar
ctica
New
Ze
alan
d, K
elly
Tar
lton’
s Ant
arcti
c En
coun
ter a
nd U
nder
wat
er W
orld
an
d N
ew Z
eala
nd P
ost.)
• An
tarc
tica
New
Zea
land
is a
n as
soci
ate
supp
orte
r of t
he S
ir Pe
ter B
lake
Tru
st A
ntar
ctic
Yout
h Am
bass
ador
pro
gram
me.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 9
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
5An
tarc
tic
Rese
arch
Ce
ntre
(ARC
)(V
icto
ria
Uni
vers
ity o
f W
ellin
gton
)
‘Our
miss
ion
is to
bett
er u
nder
stan
d An
tarc
tic
clim
ate
hist
ory
and
proc
esse
s, a
nd th
eir
influ
ence
on
the
glob
al c
limat
e sy
stem
, es
peci
ally
in N
ew Z
eala
nd a
nd th
e so
uthw
est
Paci
fic re
gion
.W
e be
lieve
this
rese
arch
ope
ns u
p ex
citin
g op
port
uniti
es a
nd c
halle
nges
for y
oung
sc
ienti
sts,
as w
ell a
s pro
vidi
ng a
soun
d ba
sis fo
r int
erna
tiona
l deb
ate
and
polic
y de
velo
pmen
t on
glob
al c
hang
e iss
ues.’
8
1972
Anta
rctic
Res
earc
h Ce
ntre
Vict
oria
Uni
vers
ity o
f W
ellin
gton
PO B
ox 6
00W
ellin
gton
614
0N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 4
463
658
7w
ww
.vic
toria
.ac.
nz/
anta
rctic
• Th
e AR
C st
aff a
nd st
uden
ts
unde
rtak
e va
rious
acti
vitie
s to
prom
ote
inte
rest
and
rese
arch
in
the
Anta
rctic
, inc
ludi
ng y
outh
-fo
cuse
d ac
tiviti
es. T
hese
cov
er:
• ta
lks t
o th
e pu
blic
, com
mun
ity
grou
ps a
nd sc
hool
s;•
annu
al K
ids C
onfe
renc
es;
• an
nual
S.T.
Lee
Lec
ture
s in
Anta
rctic
stud
ies;
• pa
rtici
patio
n in
NZ
IceF
est;
• In
tern
ation
al P
olar
Yea
r ou
trea
ch p
rogr
amm
es;
• AN
DRIL
L ou
trea
ch
prog
ram
mes
; and
• An
tarc
tic c
limat
e ch
ange
do
cum
enta
ry fi
lms
(e.g
. Thi
n Ic
e).
• Th
e Ce
ntre
also
supp
orts
stud
ents
re
sear
chin
g an
d st
udyi
ng A
ntar
ctica
as
par
t of i
ts ro
le a
s a U
nive
rsity
Re
sear
ch C
entr
e.
6De
part
men
t of
Cons
erva
tion
(DO
C)
‘Our
pur
pose
is:
Cons
erva
tion
lead
ersh
ip fo
r a p
rosp
erou
s New
Ze
alan
dBy
“pr
ospe
rous
New
Zea
land
” w
e m
ean
a co
untr
y th
at is
flou
rishi
ng so
cial
ly,
econ
omic
ally
and
env
ironm
enta
lly.’9
1987
Wha
re K
aupa
pa A
taw
hai /
Co
nser
vatio
n Ho
use
18–3
2 M
anne
rs S
tree
tW
ellin
gton
601
1N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 4
471
072
6w
ww
.doc
.gov
t.nz
• DO
C ru
ns v
olun
teer
opp
ortu
nitie
s in
the
Suba
ntar
ctic
Isla
nds.
The
se
are
not a
imed
at y
outh
spec
ifica
lly
but c
ould
be
utilis
ed b
y yo
uth.
• Th
e Su
bant
arcti
c Sc
ribe
new
slette
r in
form
s rea
ders
abo
ut D
OC’
s wor
k in
the
suba
ntar
ctic.
Aga
in, t
his i
s no
t you
th fo
cuse
d bu
t can
info
rm
yout
h if
they
subs
crib
e.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 10
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ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
7En
derb
y Tr
ust
‘End
erby
Tru
st w
orks
in c
onju
nctio
n w
ith
New
Zea
land
’s pr
emie
r exp
editi
on tr
avel
co
mpa
ny, H
erita
ge E
xped
ition
s, to
offe
r sc
hola
rshi
p po
sition
s abo
ard
expe
ditio
ns
to th
e Su
bant
arcti
c Is
land
s and
Ant
arcti
ca
aboa
rd th
e Sp
irit o
f End
erby
and
Aka
dem
ik
Shok
alsk
iy. E
nder
by T
rust
was
foun
ded
by th
e Ru
ss F
amily
kno
win
g th
e op
port
uniti
es fo
r yo
ung
peop
le to
visi
t the
se re
gion
s are
lim
ited
but b
elie
ving
it is
vita
lly im
port
ant t
hat y
oung
pe
ople
exp
erie
nce
this
amaz
ing
regi
on. T
he
Trus
tees
hop
e sc
hola
rshi
p pa
rtici
pant
s will
sh
are
thei
r exp
erie
nces
and
ent
husia
sm w
ith
othe
r peo
ple
and
grow
the
awar
enes
s of t
he
Sout
hern
Oce
an a
nd A
ntar
ctica
.’10
1998
Ende
rby
Trus
t P.O
. Box
721
8 Ch
ristc
hurc
h 82
40N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: N
ot li
sted
. En
derb
y Tr
ust s
chol
arsh
ips
are
arra
nged
with
He
ritag
e Ex
pedi
tions
w
hose
pho
ne n
umbe
r is
+64
3 36
5 35
00.
ww
w.h
erita
ge-e
xped
ition
s.co
m
• Sc
hola
rshi
ps a
re o
pen
to a
pplic
ants
be
twee
n th
e ag
es o
f 18
and
30
who
wou
ld o
ther
wise
be
unab
le
to tr
avel
to th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
to
trav
el w
ith H
erita
ge E
xped
ition
s to
the
Suba
ntar
ctic
Isla
nds a
nd
Anta
rctic
a ab
oard
the
Spiri
t of
Ende
rby.
Suc
cess
ful a
pplic
ants
fo
r the
scho
lars
hips
are
exp
ecte
d to
mak
e a
cont
ributi
on to
the
expe
ditio
n co
st. T
his e
quat
es to
30
% o
f the
adv
ertis
ed c
ost o
f th
e ex
pedi
tion;
End
erby
Tru
st
cont
ribut
es th
e re
mai
ning
70%
plu
s ap
plic
able
gov
ernm
ent l
andi
ng
fees
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 11
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#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
8En
viro
nmen
tal
Cons
erva
tion
Org
anisa
tions
of
Aot
earo
a N
ew Z
eala
nd
(ECO
)
‘ECO
- N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
natio
nal n
etw
ork
wor
king
to p
rote
ct o
ur e
nviro
nmen
t. EC
O w
orks
to p
rote
ct N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
uniq
ue
natu
ral h
erita
ge a
nd to
fost
er th
e re
latio
nshi
p N
ew Z
eala
nder
s hav
e w
ith it
. The
nat
ural
en
viro
nmen
t is c
entr
al to
our
cul
ture
, ec
onom
y an
d id
entit
y. E
CO a
cts t
o pr
otec
t it
for r
ecre
ation
, for
its i
ntrin
sic q
ualit
y an
d fo
r ou
r chi
ldre
n an
d gr
andc
hild
ren
to e
njoy
.W
e st
rive
to e
mpo
wer
and
info
rm p
eopl
e to
w
ork
for b
etter
man
agem
ent a
nd p
rote
ction
of
New
Zea
land
’s fo
rest
s, c
oast
s, se
a, ri
vers
, la
nd, a
tmos
pher
e an
d ou
r uni
que
spec
ies.
ECO
is a
net
wor
k of
fifty
-plu
s lar
ge a
nd sm
all
envi
ronm
enta
l org
anisa
tions
bas
ed a
ll ar
ound
N
ew Z
eala
nd, a
s wel
l as s
ever
al h
undr
ed
indi
vidu
al F
riend
s. T
he c
ore
of E
CO’s
wor
k is
prom
oting
and
stre
ngth
enin
g co
mm
unity
en
viro
nmen
tal a
ction
, and
wor
king
co
llabo
rativ
ely
tow
ards
bett
er g
over
nmen
t po
licie
s and
man
agem
ent d
ecisi
ons.
ECO
also
w
orks
on
glob
al is
sues
such
as c
limat
e ch
ange
, An
tarc
tica,
and
oce
ans.’
11
Foun
ded
in 1
971
as
the
New
Ze
alan
d Co
nfer
ence
on
En
viro
nmen
t an
d co
nser
vatio
n (C
oEnC
o).
Rena
med
EC
O in
19
76.
Envi
ronm
ent a
nd
Cons
erva
tion
Org
anisa
tions
of A
otea
roa
New
Zea
land
(ECO
)Le
vel 2
126
Vivi
an S
t W
ellin
gton
601
1N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 4
385
754
5 w
ww
.eco
.org
.nz
• N
o di
rect
eng
agem
ent w
ith N
ew
Zeal
and
yout
h is
spec
ified
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 12
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
9Fo
rest
and
Bird
‘Orig
inal
ly e
stab
lishe
d to
pro
tect
our
nati
ve
fore
sts a
nd b
irds,
our
role
has
bee
n ex
tend
ed
in re
cent
yea
rs to
incl
ude
prot
ectio
n of
all
nativ
e sp
ecie
s and
wild
pla
ces –
on
land
and
in
our o
cean
s, la
kes a
nd ri
vers
.’11
1923
Fore
st a
nd B
ird C
entr
al
Offi
ce
Leve
l One
90 G
huzn
ee S
tree
t PO
Box
631
Wel
lingt
on 6
140
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64
4 38
5 73
74w
ww
.fore
stan
dbird
.org
.nz
• Fo
rest
and
Bird
runs
var
ious
vo
lunt
eer o
ppor
tuni
ties w
hich
are
op
en to
you
th to
par
ticip
ate
in.
Thes
e ar
e lim
ited
in te
rms o
f the
ir su
bant
arcti
c ac
tiviti
es, w
hich
focu
s on
mar
ine
rese
rves
and
mar
ine
mam
mal
sanc
tuar
ies f
or se
a lio
ns
arou
nd th
e Su
bant
arcti
c Is
land
s.•
The
Kiw
i Con
serv
ation
Clu
b (K
CC)
run
by F
ores
t and
Bird
eng
ages
with
ch
ildre
n ag
ed 3
–13
year
s. T
hey
do n
ot h
ave
a sp
ecifi
c gr
oup
for
yout
h ab
ove
the
age
of 1
3. T
he K
CC
incl
uded
a v
isit t
o th
e AR
C fo
r KCC
m
embe
rs in
the
past
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 13
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
10Ga
tew
ay
Anta
rctic
a (U
nive
rsity
of
Cant
erbu
ry)
‘Gat
eway
Ant
arcti
ca w
ill c
ontr
ibut
e to
in
crea
sed
unde
rsta
ndin
g an
d m
ore
effec
tive
man
agem
ent o
f the
Ant
arcti
c an
d th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
by
bein
g a
foca
l poi
nt a
nd a
ca
taly
st fo
r Ant
arcti
c sc
hola
rshi
p, a
ttra
cting
na
tiona
l and
inte
rnati
onal
par
ticip
ation
in
colla
bora
tive
rese
arch
, ana
lysis
, lea
rnin
g an
d ne
twor
king
.’13
1999
Gate
way
Ant
arcti
caU
nive
rsity
of C
ante
rbur
yPr
ivat
e Ba
g 48
00
Chris
tchu
rch
8140
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 3
364
213
6w
ww
.ant
a.ca
nter
bury
.ac
.nz
• As
par
t of C
ante
rbur
y U
nive
rsity
, Ga
tew
ay A
ntar
ctica
supp
orts
te
achi
ng o
f stu
dent
s and
the
publ
ic. T
here
is n
o sp
ecifi
catio
n to
war
ds y
outh
as s
uch
beyo
nd a
co
mm
itmen
t to:
•
Enco
urag
ing
and
coor
dina
ting
Anta
rctic
and
Sou
ther
n O
cean
teac
hing
, sem
inar
s,
publ
icati
ons,
pre
sent
ation
s,
post
grad
uate
cou
rses
, co
nfer
ence
s and
visi
ting
scho
lars
(inc
ludi
ng E
rski
ne).
• Th
e Po
stgr
adua
te C
ertifi
cate
in
Ant
arcti
c St
udie
s (PC
AS)
grad
uate
cer
tifica
te c
ours
e in
clud
es a
fiel
d tr
ip to
An
tarc
tica
and
is a
com
mon
w
ay fo
r you
ng N
ew Z
eala
nder
s to
gai
n An
tarc
tic e
xper
ienc
e.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 14
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
11GN
S Sc
ienc
es:
Drill
NZ
‘Dril
lNZ
is an
initi
ative
of s
ever
al N
ew Z
eala
nd
Uni
vers
ities
and
Cro
wn
Rese
arch
Insti
tute
s (C
RIs)
aim
ed a
t coo
rdin
ating
effo
rts/
reso
urce
s in
the
field
of s
cien
tific
drill
ing.
Drill
ing
inve
stiga
tes t
opic
s of s
ocie
tal a
nd
econ
omic
sign
ifica
nce,
such
as r
esea
rch
into
gro
undw
ater
, ene
rgy,
petr
oleu
m, c
oal,
unde
rwat
er n
atur
al re
sour
ces,
and
haz
ards
.O
ur m
ain
purp
oses
are
to g
ener
ate
syne
rgie
s ac
ross
insti
tute
s, sti
mul
ate
exch
ange
of i
deas
an
d ex
perti
se, c
ompi
le n
ation
al in
vent
orie
s of
equi
pmen
t, da
taba
ses,
and
peo
ple
invo
lved
in
scie
ntific
dril
ling,
and
cre
ate
clos
er li
nks a
nd
oppo
rtun
ities
bet
wee
n go
vern
men
t, in
dust
ry,
and
acad
emia
.’14
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
GNS
Scie
nce
1 Fa
irway
Driv
e Av
alon
501
0PO
Box
30-
368
Lo
wer
Hutt
504
0N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 4
570
144
4htt
p://
drill
.gns
.cri.
nz
• N
o di
rect
eng
agem
ent w
ith
New
Zea
land
you
th is
spec
ified
.
12In
tern
ation
al
Anta
rctic
Ce
ntre
‘Exp
erie
nce
the
won
der a
nd m
agic
of
Anta
rctic
a w
ithou
t lea
ving
Chr
istch
urch
, at
one
of N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
best
, aw
ard
win
ning
to
urist
att
racti
ons.’
15
1992
Inte
rnati
onal
Ant
arcti
c Ce
ntre
38 O
rcha
rd R
oad
Chris
tchu
rch
Airp
ort 8
053
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 3
357
051
9w
ww
.iceb
erg.
co.n
z
• Th
e Ce
ntre
is o
pen
to th
e pu
blic
as
an a
ttra
ction
for a
ll ag
es.
• Th
e Ce
ntre
runs
edu
catio
n pr
ogra
mm
es w
hich
cat
er fo
r pr
imar
y, se
cond
ary,
terti
ary,
inte
rnati
onal
stud
ent g
roup
s, sp
orts
te
ams o
r com
mun
ity g
roup
s.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 15
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ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
13In
tern
ation
al
Cent
re fo
r Te
rres
tria
l An
tarc
tic
Rese
arch
(IC
TAR)
(Uni
vers
ity o
f W
aika
to)
‘Our
miss
ion
is to
pro
mot
e th
e pr
otec
tion
of
Anta
rctic
a th
roug
h in
tegr
ated
inte
rnati
onal
re
sear
ch in
to A
ntar
ctic
terr
estr
ial e
cosy
stem
s as
surin
g N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
conti
nued
lead
ersh
ip
in th
is ar
ea.’16
Not
spec
ified
. 20
08/2
009
is im
plie
d (a
fter t
he fi
rst
New
Zea
land
Te
rres
tria
l An
tarc
tic
Bioc
ompl
exity
Su
rvey
(N
ZTAB
S)
proj
ect)
.17
ICTA
R c/
o Pr
of. C
raig
Car
yDe
part
men
t of B
iolo
gica
l Sc
ienc
esU
nive
rsity
of W
aika
toPr
ivat
e Ba
g 31
05Ha
milt
on 3
240
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 7
838
459
3 (P
rof.
Crai
g Ca
ry)
ww
w.ic
tar.a
q
• N
one
spec
ified
, alth
ough
the
Cent
re d
oes o
ffer p
ublic
talk
s w
ithin
the
Ham
ilton
are
a up
on
requ
est,
whi
ch c
ould
be
utilis
ed b
y sc
hool
s or y
outh
gro
ups.
14La
ndca
re
Rese
arch
‘Lan
dcar
e Re
sear
ch’s
purp
ose
is to
driv
e in
nova
tion
in N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
man
agem
ent
of te
rres
tria
l bio
dive
rsity
and
land
reso
urce
s in
ord
er to
bot
h pr
otec
t and
enh
ance
the
terr
estr
ial e
nviro
nmen
t and
gro
w
New
Zea
land
’s pr
ospe
rity
… L
andc
are
Rese
arch
w
ill w
ork
with
oth
er re
sear
ch p
rovi
ders
and
en
d-us
ers t
o co
ntrib
ute
to th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
the
follo
win
g ar
eas:
• bi
osec
urity
, lan
d, so
il an
d fr
eshw
ater
m
anag
emen
t•
clim
ate
chan
ge a
dapt
ation
and
miti
gatio
n•
indu
stry
and
bus
ines
s env
ironm
enta
l pe
rfor
man
ce, i
nclu
ding
ver
ifica
tion
• in
dige
nous
fore
stry
• ur
ban
envi
ronm
ents
• An
tarc
tica.
’18
1992
Land
care
Res
earc
h He
ad
Offi
ceGe
rald
Str
eet
Linc
oln
7608
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 3
321
999
9w
ww
.land
care
rese
arch
.co
.nz
• La
ndca
re R
esea
rch
prov
ides
te
achi
ng re
sour
ces,
incl
udin
g in
form
ation
on
Anta
rctic
a an
d in
pa
rticu
lar A
délie
pen
guin
s.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 16
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
15La
nd
Info
rmati
on
New
Zea
land
(L
INZ)
LIN
Z is
a N
ew Z
eala
nd g
over
nmen
t de
part
men
t res
pons
ible
for l
and
title
s,
geod
etic
and
cada
stra
l sur
vey
syst
ems,
to
pogr
aphi
c in
form
ation
, hyd
rogr
aphi
c in
form
ation
, man
agin
g Cr
own
prop
erty
and
a
varie
ty o
f oth
er fu
nctio
ns.
LIN
Z’s p
urpo
se is
to:
mai
ntai
n an
d bu
ild c
onfid
ence
in p
rope
rty
right
s in
land
and
geo
grap
hic
info
rmati
on, a
nden
cour
age
land
info
rmati
on m
arke
ts to
de
velo
p an
d m
atur
e.’19
‘LIN
Z su
ppor
ts N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
role
in th
e Ro
ss
Sea
regi
on o
f Ant
arcti
ca a
nd th
e Pa
cific
regi
on
thro
ugh
its w
ork
in p
lace
nam
ing,
surv
eyin
g,
and
prov
idin
g m
aps a
nd c
hart
s and
geo
detic
in
form
ation
.’20
1996
LIN
Z Le
vel 7
, Rad
io N
ew
Zeal
and
Hous
e15
5 Th
e Te
rrac
ePO
Box
550
1W
ellin
gton
614
5N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 4
460
011
0w
ww
.linz
.gov
t.nz
• N
one
spec
ified
.
16M
inist
ry o
f Bu
sines
s,
Inno
vatio
n an
d Em
ploy
men
t (M
BIE)
:N
ation
al
Scie
nce
Chal
leng
es:
Sust
aina
ble
Seas
‘The
aim
of t
he S
usta
inab
le S
eas N
ation
al
Scie
nce
Chal
leng
e is
to e
nhan
ce u
se o
f N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
vast
mar
ine
reso
urce
s, w
hile
en
surin
g th
at o
ur m
arin
e en
viro
nmen
t is
unde
rsto
od, c
ared
for,
and
used
wise
ly fo
r the
be
nefit
of a
ll, n
ow a
nd in
the
futu
re.
This
requ
ires a
new
way
of m
anag
ing
the
man
y us
es o
f our
mar
ine
reso
urce
s tha
t co
mbi
nes t
he a
spira
tions
and
exp
erie
nce
of M
āori,
com
mun
ities
, and
indu
stry
with
th
e ev
iden
ce o
f sci
entifi
c re
sear
ch to
tr
ansf
orm
New
Zea
land
into
a w
orld
-lead
er in
su
stai
nabl
e m
arin
e ec
onom
ic d
evel
opm
ent.’
21
2014
No
cont
act a
ddre
ss g
iven
.
Phon
e: N
ot li
sted
.w
ww
.sus
tain
able
seas
chal
l en
ge.c
o.nz
MBI
E15
Sto
ut S
tree
tW
ellin
gton
614
0N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 4
901
149
9w
ww
.mbi
e.go
vt.n
z
• ‘A
pub
lic e
ngag
emen
t str
ateg
y w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
inco
rpor
ating
th
e vi
ews,
nee
ds, a
nd a
ttitu
des o
f ap
prop
riate
stak
ehol
ders
, Māo
ri,
educ
ator
s, m
edia
, and
the
publ
ic.
Durin
g th
is pr
oces
s the
scie
nce
will
be
cent
re st
age,
but
will
be
disc
usse
d an
d de
bate
d op
enly
and
ho
nest
ly.’22
• N
o di
rect
eng
agem
ent w
ith
New
Zea
land
you
th is
spec
ified
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 17
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
17M
inist
ry o
f Bu
sines
s,
Inno
vatio
n an
d Em
ploy
men
t (M
BIE)
: N
ation
al
Scie
nce
Chal
leng
es:
The
Deep
So
uth
‘The
miss
ion
of th
e De
ep S
outh
Nati
onal
Sc
ienc
e Ch
alle
nge
is to
tran
sfor
m th
e w
ay
New
Zea
land
ers a
dapt
, man
age
risk,
and
th
rive
in a
cha
ngin
g cl
imat
e.W
orki
ng w
ith c
omm
uniti
es a
nd in
dust
ry w
e w
ill b
ring
toge
ther
new
rese
arch
app
roac
hes
to d
eter
min
e th
e im
pact
s of a
cha
ngin
g cl
imat
e on
our
clim
ate-
sens
itive
eco
nom
ic
sect
ors,
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd n
atur
al re
sour
ces
to g
uide
pla
nnin
g an
d po
licy.
This
will
be
unde
rpin
ned
by im
prov
ed
know
ledg
e an
d ob
serv
ation
s of c
limat
e pr
oces
ses i
n th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
and
An
tarc
tica
- our
Dee
p So
uth
- and
will
incl
ude
deve
lopm
ent o
f a w
orld
-cla
ss e
arth
syst
ems
mod
el to
pre
dict
Aot
earo
a/N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
clim
ate.
’23
2014
No
cont
act a
ddre
ss g
iven
.
Phon
e: N
ot li
sted
.w
ww
.dee
psou
thch
alle
nge.
co.n
z
MBI
E15
Sto
ut S
tree
tW
ellin
gton
614
0N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 4
901
149
9w
ww
.mbi
e.go
vt.n
z
• ‘A
pub
lic e
ngag
emen
t str
ateg
y w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
inco
rpor
ating
th
e vi
ews,
nee
ds, a
nd a
ttitu
des o
f ap
prop
riate
stak
ehol
ders
, Māo
ri,
educ
ator
s, m
edia
, and
the
publ
ic.
Durin
g th
is pr
oces
s the
scie
nce
will
be
cent
re st
age,
but
will
be
disc
usse
d an
d de
bate
d op
enly
and
ho
nest
ly.’24
• N
o di
rect
eng
agem
ent w
ith N
ew
Zeal
and
yout
h is
spec
ified
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 18
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
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ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
18N
ew Z
eala
nd
Min
istry
of
Fore
ign
Affai
rs
and
Trad
e (M
FAT)
‘The
Min
istry
of F
orei
gn A
ffairs
and
Tra
de is
th
e go
vern
men
t age
ncy
resp
onsib
le fo
r N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
over
all i
nter
ests
in A
ntar
ctica
an
d th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
. It:
• co
ordi
nate
s pol
icy
advi
ce to
the
Gove
rnm
ent o
n An
tarc
tica
and
the
Sout
hern
Oce
an in
clud
ing
the
Ross
De
pend
ency
;•
purs
ues N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
inte
rest
s in
the
Anta
rctic
Tre
aty
Syst
em;
• co
nduc
ts N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
rela
tions
with
ot
her c
ount
ries i
n re
spec
t of A
ntar
ctica
;•
advi
ses t
he M
inist
er o
f For
eign
Affa
irs
on th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e An
tarc
tica
(Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tecti
on) A
ct 1
994,
in
clud
ing
deve
lopi
ng c
lear
pro
cedu
res
for t
ouris
ts, t
our o
pera
tors
and
non
-go
vern
men
tal v
isito
rs to
Ant
arcti
ca;
• ad
vise
s on
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
Anta
rctic
Mar
ine
Livi
ng R
esou
rces
Act
19
81 w
ith th
e M
inist
ry fo
r Prim
ary
Indu
strie
s (M
PI).’
28
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
MFA
T 19
5 La
mbt
on Q
uay
Wel
lingt
on
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 4
439
800
0w
ww
.mfa
t.gov
t.nz
• N
one
spec
ified
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 19
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
19N
ation
al
Insti
tute
of
Wat
er a
nd
Atm
osph
eric
Re
sear
ch Lt
d(N
IWA)
‘NIW
A’s m
issio
n is
to c
ondu
ct le
adin
g en
viro
nmen
tal s
cien
ce to
ena
ble
the
sust
aina
ble
man
agem
ent o
f nat
ural
reso
urce
s fo
r New
Zea
land
and
the
plan
et.’
1992
NIW
A41
Mar
ket P
lace
Viad
uct H
arbo
urAu
ckla
nd C
entr
al 1
010
Priv
ate
Bag
9994
0N
ewm
arke
t Au
ckla
nd 1
149
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 9
375
205
0w
ww
.niw
a.co
.nz
• Th
e NI
WA
Inte
racti
ve R
oom
at K
elly
Ta
rlton
’s Aq
uariu
m in
Auc
klan
d w
as
open
ed to
the
publ
ic in
200
5. T
he
room
pro
vide
s int
erac
tive
activ
ities
fo
r chi
ldre
n ag
ed 5
–10
on m
arin
e bi
odiv
ersit
y an
d ec
osys
tem
s, fo
cusin
g on
bot
h th
e oc
ean
and
Anta
rctic
en
viro
nmen
ts. O
ver 6
0,00
0 ch
ildre
n vi
sit th
e ro
om e
ach
year
– m
ost a
s par
t of
org
anise
d sc
hool
trip
s.•
NIW
A su
ppor
ts th
ree
post
grad
uate
ce
ntre
s of e
xcel
lenc
e to
attr
act t
he
best
stud
ents
and
trai
n th
em a
t po
stgr
adua
te le
vel (
PhD
and
MSc
) in
area
s of g
row
ing
dem
and.
• NI
WA
and
the
MPI
are
offe
ring
post
grad
uate
scho
lars
hips
for
mas
ter’s
deg
ree
stud
ents
in th
e fie
ld
of q
uanti
tativ
e fis
herie
s scie
nce,
pa
rticu
larly
stoc
k as
sess
men
t mod
ellin
g an
d un
derg
radu
ate
scho
lars
hips
to
stud
ents
inte
rest
ed in
a d
oubl
e m
ajor
in
mat
hem
atics
or s
tatis
tics c
ombi
ned
with
bio
logy
or m
arin
e bi
olog
y.•
NIW
A co
llabo
rate
s dire
ctly
with
te
ache
rs th
roug
h its
invo
lvem
ent w
ith
the
Roya
l Soc
iety
of N
ew Z
eala
nd
Teac
hing
Fel
low
s. As
par
t of t
he
prog
ram
me,
teac
her f
ello
ws p
artic
ipat
e in
the
life
of N
IWA
(inclu
ding
fiel
d w
ork)
, eng
age
in d
iscus
sion
and
gene
rally
enh
ance
thei
r scie
nce
skill
s an
d ba
ckgr
ound
. The
y w
ork
on d
efine
d pr
ojec
ts a
nd cr
eate
teac
hing
reso
urce
s an
d ac
tiviti
es to
take
bac
k to
the
class
room
.29
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 20
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ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
20N
ew Z
eala
nd
Anta
rctic
Re
sear
ch
Insti
tute
(N
ZARI
)
‘NZA
RI p
artn
ers w
ith re
sear
ch a
genc
ies t
o de
velo
p a
glob
al u
nder
stan
ding
of A
ntar
ctica
’s im
pact
s and
vul
nera
bilit
y in
a c
hang
ing
glob
al
clim
ate.
Our
visi
on is
to in
form
indu
stry
, gov
ernm
ent
and
com
mun
ity a
like
so th
at w
e ca
n pl
an
for i
mpa
cts o
f cha
nge
and
whe
re p
ossib
le
miti
gate
them
.O
ur fo
cus i
s Ant
arcti
ca, t
he S
outh
ern
Oce
an
and
the
Sub-
Anta
rctic
. In
parti
cula
r the
Ros
s Se
a Se
ctor
, whe
re th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
reac
hes
its fu
rthe
st so
uth
(85o S)
ben
eath
the
Ross
Ice
Shel
f.’25
2012
New
Zea
land
Ant
arcti
c Re
sear
ch In
stitu
teAd
min
istra
tion
Build
ing
Inte
rnati
onal
Ant
arcti
c Ce
ntre
38 O
rcha
rd R
oad
Chris
tchu
rch
8053
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 3
358
020
0 w
ww
.nza
ri.aq
• N
ZARI
hel
ps A
ntar
ctica
New
Ze
alan
d ad
min
ister
mas
ter’s
and
do
ctor
al sc
hola
rshi
ps a
nd p
rovi
des
supp
ort f
or o
ther
shor
t-ter
m
rese
arch
pro
ject
s (up
to o
ne y
ear i
n du
ratio
n).
21N
ew Z
eala
nd
Anta
rctic
So
ciet
y (N
ZAS)
‘The
Soc
iety
brin
gs to
geth
er p
eopl
e in
tere
sted
in
Ant
arcti
ca, t
o sh
are
know
ledg
e in
the
field
s of
all
scie
nces
, exp
lora
tion,
disc
over
y an
d m
appi
ng o
f Ant
arcti
ca, t
o se
ek p
rote
ction
of
the
Anta
rctic
env
ironm
ent,
and
to p
rom
ote
New
Zea
land
’s in
tere
sts i
n An
tarc
tica.
’26
1933
New
Zea
land
Ant
arcti
c So
ciet
y (In
c)PO
Box
404
Chris
tchu
rch
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: N
ot li
sted
ww
w.a
ntar
ctic.
org.
nz
• Th
e N
ZAS
and
Anta
rctic
a N
ew
Zeal
and
have
ent
ered
into
an
agr
eem
ent t
o pr
ovid
e an
op
port
unity
for t
wo
NZA
S m
embe
rs to
wor
k vo
lunt
arily
at
Scott
Bas
e. [P
leas
e no
te th
ese
are
not n
eces
saril
y yo
uth
desig
nate
d po
sition
s.]
• N
etw
orki
ng o
ppor
tuni
ties f
or y
oung
N
ew Z
eala
nder
s to
hear
abo
ut
Anta
rctic
a in
the
1950
s and
196
0s.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 21
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ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
22N
Z Ic
eFes
t‘N
Z Ic
eFes
t hig
hlig
hts N
ew Z
eala
nd’s
lead
ersh
ip in
Ant
arcti
ca a
nd th
e So
uthe
rn
Oce
an. T
his u
niqu
e Ch
ristc
hurc
h fe
stiva
l fo
cuse
s the
wor
ld’s
atten
tion
to th
e im
port
ance
of t
he m
yste
rious
con
tinen
t and
its
surr
ound
s. T
hrou
gh c
reati
ve a
nd in
tera
ctive
ex
perie
nces
the
Festi
val b
rings
Ant
arcti
ca to
th
e ge
nera
l pub
lic, t
he A
ntar
ctic
com
mun
ity
and
inte
rnati
onal
visi
tors
.Go
als:
1.
Hi
ghlig
ht a
nd v
alue
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f An
tarc
tica
and
the
Sout
hern
Oce
an to
N
ew Z
eala
nd a
nd th
e W
orld
.2.
Hi
ghlig
ht h
ow c
limat
e ch
ange
will
aff
ect N
ew Z
eala
nder
s and
the
glob
al
publ
ic, m
akin
g th
e iss
ue a
cces
sible
to
all,
ena
blin
g ch
ange
on
a pe
rson
al,
com
mun
ity, o
rgan
isatio
nal a
nd p
olic
y le
vel.
3.
Esta
blish
NZ
IceF
est a
s the
key
out
reac
h ve
hicl
e fo
r our
Ant
arcti
c pa
rtne
rs a
nd
prov
ide
wor
ld-c
lass
pub
lic e
ngag
emen
t ex
perie
nces
.4.
En
sure
an
icon
ic, s
usta
inab
le a
nd
inte
rnati
onal
Fes
tival
.5.
Ce
men
t New
Zea
land
as t
he w
orld
’s le
adin
g ‘G
atew
ay to
Ant
arcti
ca’.
6.
Attra
ct n
ation
wid
e an
d in
tern
ation
al
expo
sure
and
visi
tors
to N
ew Z
eala
nd
to c
emen
t the
cou
ntry
as a
pla
ce to
live
, vi
sit a
nd d
o bu
sines
s.’30
2012
NZ
IceF
est
c/o
Even
ts P
rodu
ction
Te
amCh
ristc
hurc
h Ci
ty C
ounc
ilPO
Box
730
14
Chris
tchu
rch
8154
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 3
941
899
9 w
ww
.nzic
efes
t.co.
nz
• Th
e N
Z Ic
eFes
t tag
line
is ‘B
ringi
ng
Anta
rctic
a to
the
Wor
ld’ w
hich
is
not a
ge sp
ecifi
c.
• In
201
4 N
Z Ic
eFes
t par
tner
ed w
ith
the
Ende
rby
Trus
t and
Her
itage
Ex
pedi
tions
to ru
n a
com
petiti
on
for 1
8–30
-yea
r-old
s to
win
a tr
ip
to th
e Su
bant
arcti
c Is
land
s. T
he
com
petiti
on re
quire
d ap
plic
ant t
o su
bmit
a th
ree-
min
ute
vide
o on
the
Sout
hern
Oce
an o
r Sub
anta
rctic
Is
land
s.
• N
Z Ic
eFes
t run
s a ‘S
choo
ls an
d Li
brar
ies E
duca
tion
Prog
ram
me’
in
the
lead
up
to th
e fe
stiva
l. Th
e pr
ogra
mm
e in
clud
es c
ompe
tition
s w
ith p
rizes
, res
ourc
es a
nd
sugg
este
d le
arni
ng o
bjec
tives
for
teac
hers
. •
NZ
IceF
est a
nd C
ante
rbur
y M
useu
m
open
the
exhi
bitio
ns e
spec
ially
for
scho
ols i
n th
e ru
n up
to th
e fe
stiva
l.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 22
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
23Po
lar
Envi
ronm
ent
Rese
arch
Th
eme
(PER
T)(U
nive
rsity
of
Ota
go)
‘Our
goa
l is t
o fo
ster
inte
rdisc
iplin
ary
colla
bora
tion
and
rese
arch
in p
olar
stud
ies
at th
e U
nive
rsity
of O
tago
. In
parti
cula
r, w
e en
cour
age
the
invo
lvem
ent o
f gra
duat
e st
uden
ts a
nd y
oung
rese
arch
ers.
A k
ey
obje
ctive
is to
men
tor e
mer
ging
rese
arch
ers
with
and
inte
rest
in p
olar
stud
ies,
and
pro
vide
th
em w
ith su
ppor
t to
deve
lop
know
ledg
e an
d ne
twor
ks n
ation
ally
and
inte
rnati
onal
ly.’31
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
Pola
r Env
ironm
ent
Rese
arch
The
me
Anta
rctic
Sci
ence
and
M
arin
e En
viro
nmen
ts o
f th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
sU
nive
rsity
of O
tago
PO B
ox 5
6Du
nedi
n, 9
054
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 3
479
830
6 (D
epar
tmen
t of M
arin
e Sc
ienc
e, U
nive
rsity
of
Ota
go)
http:
//po
larr
esea
rch.
otag
o.ac
.nz/
• M
ento
ring
activ
ities
are
en
cour
aged
to su
ppor
t you
ng
rese
arch
ers.
• Th
ree
sum
mer
scho
lars
hips
are
off
ered
to U
nive
rsity
of O
tago
st
uden
ts, t
wo
for $
2,50
0 an
d on
e fo
r $5,
000,
to c
over
10-
wee
ks’ w
ork
on a
ny re
sear
ch p
roje
ct re
leva
nt to
th
e ‘P
olar
Env
ironm
ents
’ the
me.
24Sn
ow a
nd
Ice
Rese
arch
Gr
oup
New
Ze
alan
d (S
IRG)
‘SIR
G is
an a
ssoc
iatio
n of
rese
arch
ers
inte
rest
ed in
cry
osph
eric
obs
erva
tions
and
pr
oces
ses …
SIR
G fo
rms t
he N
ew Z
eala
nd
bran
ch o
f the
Inte
rnati
onal
Gla
ciol
ogic
al
Soci
ety.’
32
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
No
cont
act a
ddre
ss g
iven
.
Phon
e: N
ot li
sted
.w
ww
.sirg
.org
.nz
• N
one
spec
ified
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 23
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
25Th
e M
orga
n Fo
unda
tion:
O
ur F
ar S
outh
Pr
ojec
t
‘The
obj
ectiv
e of
this
proj
ect w
as to
raise
N
ew Z
eala
nder
s’ a
war
enes
s of t
he im
port
ance
of
the
area
bet
wee
n Fo
veau
x St
rait
and
the
Sout
h Po
le, t
o hi
ghlig
ht th
e re
ason
s why
it is
of
such
val
ue a
nd to
out
line
the
thre
ats a
nd
oppo
rtun
ities
. The
mor
e aw
are
New
Zea
land
ers
are
of th
ese
issue
s, th
e m
ore
likel
y ou
r fu
ture
gov
ernm
ents
are
to m
ake
deci
sions
th
at re
flect
an
ongo
ing
com
mitm
ent t
o th
is re
gion
. Spe
cific
ally
; com
mitm
ent t
o pr
eser
ve
the
inte
grity
of t
he e
nviro
nmen
t, re
spec
t the
un
ique
val
ue it
has
for s
cien
tific
prog
ress
, m
inim
ise th
e ch
ance
s of i
ts e
cosy
stem
bei
ng
dest
roye
d by
shor
t ter
m e
xplo
itativ
e ve
ntur
es,
and
mai
ntai
n it
as a
val
ued
desti
natio
n.In
shor
t, w
ithou
t kno
wle
dge
the
publ
ic c
anno
t be
exp
ecte
d to
pro
vide
the
com
mitm
ent
need
ed to
ens
ure
New
Zea
land
gov
ernm
ents
pr
otec
t our
inte
rest
s in
Our
Far
Sou
th.’33
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
The
Mor
gan
Foun
datio
nPO
Box
192
18W
ellin
gton
614
9N
ew Z
eala
nd
Phon
e: +
64 4
385
169
7w
ww
.mor
ganf
ound
ation
.or
g.nz
/far
-sou
th/
• Te
ache
rs w
ere
take
n on
the
voya
ge
sout
h to
try
to b
ring
Anta
rctic
a in
to
clas
sroo
ms i
n N
ew Z
eala
nd.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 24
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
26Th
e Si
r Pet
er
Blak
e Tr
ust
‘Thr
ough
its p
rogr
amm
es th
e Tr
ust s
triv
es to
ho
nour
Sir
Pete
r Bla
ke’s
lega
cy b
y in
spiri
ng
his v
ision
ary
lead
ersh
ip q
ualiti
es in
all
N
ew Z
eala
nder
s and
kee
ping
his
spiri
t and
va
lues
aliv
e fo
r fut
ure
gene
ratio
ns.’34
2004
. Th
e Si
r Pet
er B
lake
Tru
st2n
d Fl
oor,
ASB
Auck
land
20
00 B
uild
ing
Viad
uct H
arbo
ur
Cnr Q
uay
& H
obso
n St
reet
s Au
ckla
nd 1
010
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 9
307
887
5w
ww
.sirp
eter
blak
etru
st.
org
• ‘T
he A
ntar
ctic
Yout
h Am
bass
ador
pr
ogra
mm
e, la
unch
ed in
200
7 an
d ru
n in
ass
ocia
tion
with
Ant
arcti
ca
New
Zea
land
and
the
Anta
rctic
He
ritag
e Tr
ust,
sele
cts t
wo
youn
g N
ew Z
eala
nder
s ann
ually
to
parti
cipa
te in
and
con
trib
ute
to
the
envi
ronm
enta
l and
her
itage
re
stor
ation
wor
k in
Ant
arcti
ca,
and
to e
duca
te o
ther
s thr
ough
th
eir e
xper
ienc
es. I
n do
ing
so, t
his
prog
ram
me
inve
sts i
n th
e fu
ture
of
the
Anta
rctic
env
ironm
ent
by b
uild
ing
capa
bilit
y an
d un
ders
tand
ing
in y
oung
N
ew Z
eala
nder
s.’35
• ‘T
he S
ir Pe
ter B
lake
Tru
st, t
oget
her
with
the
Roya
l New
Zea
land
Nav
y, DO
C, N
ZARI
, NIW
A, th
e M
inist
ry
of E
duca
tion
(MoE
), th
e M
inist
ry
of Y
outh
Dev
elop
men
t (M
YD) a
nd
the
Lion
Fou
ndati
on, u
nder
took
an
expe
ditio
n to
the
Auck
land
Isla
nds
with
12
youn
g N
ew Z
eala
nder
s fr
om 1
0-23
Feb
ruar
y, 20
14. T
he
expe
ditio
ns a
im w
as to
insp
ire
New
Zea
land
ers t
o un
ders
tand
th
e gl
obal
sign
ifica
nce
of th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
and
Sub
-Ant
arcti
c Is
land
s and
the
role
they
pla
y in
un
ders
tand
ing
and
mon
itorin
g th
e eff
ects
of c
limat
e ch
ange
.’36
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 25
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
27W
orld
Wild
life
Fund
for
Nat
ure
(WW
F)
New
Zea
land
‘WW
F’s m
issio
n is
to st
op th
e de
grad
ation
of
the
plan
et’s
natu
ral e
nviro
nmen
t and
to
build
a fu
ture
in w
hich
peo
ple
live
in h
arm
ony
with
nat
ure.
Thi
s is a
chie
ved
by w
orki
ng o
n th
e gr
ound
with
loca
l com
mun
ities
, and
in
part
ners
hip
with
gov
ernm
ent a
nd in
dust
ry,
usin
g th
e be
st p
ossib
le sc
ienc
e to
adv
ocat
e ch
ange
and
effe
ctive
con
serv
ation
pol
icy.
Our
New
Zea
land
pro
gram
mes
incl
ude
rese
arch
, adv
ocac
y an
d pa
rtne
rshi
ps a
imed
at
pro
tecti
ng p
reci
ous h
abita
ts a
nd sp
ecie
s,
min
imisi
ng h
arm
from
fish
ing
and
othe
r ac
tiviti
es, r
educ
ing
impa
cts f
rom
clim
ate
chan
ge, a
nd c
onse
rvin
g an
d pr
otec
ting
N
ew Z
eala
nd w
ildlif
e.Th
e m
ajor
ity o
f don
ation
s to
WW
F-N
ew
Zeal
and
are
spen
t on
cons
erva
tion
in
New
Zea
land
, Ant
arcti
ca a
nd th
e So
uthe
rn
Oce
an.’37
1961
WW
F-N
ew Z
eala
ndLe
vel 6
Davi
s Lan
gdon
Hou
se49
Bou
lcott
Str
eet
Wel
lingt
on 6
011
New
Zea
land
Phon
e: +
64 4
499
293
0w
ww
.ww
f.org
.nz
• W
WF-
New
Zea
land
adm
inist
ers
vario
us v
olun
teer
opp
ortu
nitie
s w
hich
are
not
age
spec
ific.
Ho
wev
er, n
o vo
lunt
eer
oppo
rtun
ities
are
spec
ified
in th
eir
Anta
rctic
por
tfolio
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 26
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
Tabl
e 2:
Inte
rnati
onal
org
anisa
tions
invo
lved
with
the
Anta
rctic
par
tially
ope
ratin
g in
New
Zea
land
.
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
1AN
DRIL
L:
Anta
rctic
Ge
olog
ical
Dr
illin
g
‘AN
DRIL
L (A
Nta
rctic
geo
logi
cal D
RILL
ing)
is
a m
ultin
ation
al c
olla
bora
tion
com
prise
d of
mor
e th
an 2
00 sc
ienti
sts,
stud
ents
, an
d ed
ucat
ors f
rom
seve
n na
tions
(Bra
zil,
Germ
any,
Japa
n, It
aly,
New
Zea
land
, Re
publ
ic o
f Kor
ea, t
he U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m, a
nd
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es) t
o re
cove
r str
atigr
aphi
c re
cord
s fro
m th
e An
tarc
tic m
argi
n us
ing
Cape
Rob
erts
Pro
ject
(CRP
) tec
hnol
ogy.
Th
e ch
ief o
bjec
tive
is to
dril
l bac
k in
tim
e to
reco
ver a
hist
ory
of p
aleo
envi
ronm
enta
l ch
ange
s tha
t will
gui
de o
ur u
nder
stan
ding
of
how
fast
, how
larg
e, a
nd h
ow fr
eque
nt
wer
e gl
acia
l and
inte
rgla
cial
cha
nges
in th
e An
tarc
tica
regi
on. F
utur
e sc
enar
ios o
f glo
bal
war
min
g re
quire
gui
danc
e an
d co
nstr
aint
fr
om p
ast h
istor
y th
at w
ill re
veal
pot
entia
l tim
ing
freq
uenc
y an
d sit
e of
futu
re
chan
ges.’
38
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
2006
is
impl
ied
as
the
first
pr
ojec
t.39
ANDR
ILL
Scie
nce
Man
agem
ent O
ffice
(S
MO
)12
6 Be
ssey
Hal
lU
nive
rsity
of
Neb
rask
a-Li
ncol
nP.O
. Box
880
851
Linc
oln,
N
E 68
588-
0341
, U
SA
Phon
e: +
1 40
2 47
2 67
23w
ww
.and
rill.o
rg
• AN
DRIL
L pr
ovid
es e
duca
tiona
l res
ourc
es.
Man
y of
thes
e re
sour
ces a
nd e
duca
tiona
l pr
ojec
ts a
re fo
cuse
d on
U.S
. stu
dent
s and
te
ache
rs.
• N
o di
rect
eng
agem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd
yout
h is
spec
ified
.
2An
tarc
tic
Clim
ate
&
Ecos
yste
ms
Coop
erati
ve
Rese
arch
Ce
ntre
(ACE
CR
C)
ACE
CRC
is a
mul
tidisc
iplin
ary
part
ners
hip
of
21 n
ation
al a
nd in
tern
ation
al o
rgan
isatio
ns.
We
prov
ide
scie
nce,
kno
wle
dge
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g to
hel
p Au
stra
lia m
eet t
he
chal
leng
es o
f clim
ate
chan
ge.
We
do th
is by
und
erst
andi
ng th
e cr
ucia
l ro
le p
laye
d by
Ant
arcti
ca a
nd th
e So
uthe
rn
Oce
an in
glo
bal c
limat
e, a
nd th
e im
pact
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge o
n Au
stra
lia a
nd th
e w
orld
. W
e in
form
gov
ernm
ents
, the
com
mun
ity
and
scie
ntist
s abo
ut c
limat
e ch
ange
to
guid
e Au
stra
lia’s
futu
re.’40
1991
ACE
CRC
20 C
astr
ay E
spla
nade
Hoba
rt
Tasm
ania
700
0Au
stra
lia
Phon
e: +
61 3
622
6 78
88
ww
w.a
cecr
c.or
g.au
• N
o di
rect
eng
agem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd
yout
h is
spec
ified
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 27
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
3An
tarc
tic
Oce
ans
Allia
nce
(AO
A)
‘The
Ant
arcti
c O
cean
Alli
ance
(AO
A) is
a
coal
ition
of l
eadi
ng e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd
cons
erva
tion
orga
nisa
tions
wor
king
to
esta
blish
a n
etw
ork
of d
esig
nate
d, n
o-ta
ke
mar
ine
rese
rves
and
mar
ine
prot
ecte
d ar
eas i
n th
e An
tarc
tic. T
his w
ill b
e th
e m
ost
com
preh
ensiv
e re
gim
e of
its k
ind
on th
e pl
anet
. With
such
a n
etw
ork
in p
lace
, key
An
tarc
tic o
cean
hab
itats
and
wild
life
wou
ld
be p
rote
cted
from
hum
an in
terfe
renc
e.’41
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
No
addr
ess g
iven
.
Phon
e: +
61 4
48 8
01
044
ww
w.a
ntar
ctico
cean
.or
g
• N
o di
rect
eng
agem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd
yout
h is
spec
ified
.
4An
tarc
tic
and
Sout
hern
O
cean
Co
aliti
on
(ASO
C)
‘Fou
nded
in 1
978,
ASO
C is
the
only
non
-go
vern
men
tal o
rgan
izatio
n w
orki
ng fu
ll tim
e to
pre
serv
e th
e An
tarc
tic c
ontin
ent a
nd it
s su
rrou
ndin
g So
uthe
rn O
cean
. A c
oaliti
on
of o
ver 3
0 N
GOs i
nter
este
d in
Ant
arcti
c en
viro
nmen
tal p
rote
ction
, ASO
C re
pres
ents
th
e en
viro
nmen
tal c
omm
unity
at A
ntar
ctic
gove
rnan
ce m
eetin
gs a
nd w
orks
to p
rom
ote
impo
rtan
t Ant
arcti
c co
nser
vatio
n go
als.
Thou
gh A
ntar
ctica
and
the
Sout
hern
Oce
an
are
far a
way
, we
belie
ve th
at th
e co
ntine
nt
and
its su
rrou
ndin
g oc
ean
are
the
natu
ral
herit
age
of a
ll hu
man
kind
and
seek
to
ensu
re th
at A
ntar
ctic
ecos
yste
ms -
bot
h te
rres
tria
l and
mar
ine
– re
mai
n pr
otec
ted
and
inta
ct.
Our
two
maj
or c
ampa
igns
are
cre
ation
of
a ne
twor
k of
larg
e M
arin
e Pr
otec
ted
Area
s (c
arrie
d ou
t in
coop
erati
on w
ith th
e AO
A),
and
nego
tiatio
n of
a le
gally
bin
ding
Pol
ar
Code
that
cov
ers a
ll ve
ssel
s ope
ratin
g in
the
Sout
hern
Oce
an.’42
1978
ASO
C13
20 1
9th
Stre
et, N
W,
5th
Floo
r W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
2003
6 U.
S.A
Phon
e: +
1 20
2 23
4 24
80w
ww
.aso
c.or
g
• AS
OC
prov
ides
reso
urce
s and
less
on p
lans
for
teac
hers
in p
rimar
y an
d se
cond
ary
scho
ols.
•
No
dire
ct e
ngag
emen
t with
New
Zea
land
yo
uth
is sp
ecifi
ed.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 28
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
5As
soci
ation
of
Pol
ar
Early
Car
eer
Scie
ntist
s (A
PECS
)
‘APE
CS is
an
inte
rnati
onal
and
in
terd
iscip
linar
y or
gani
zatio
n fo
r un
derg
radu
ate
and
grad
uate
stud
ents
, po
stdo
ctor
al re
sear
cher
s, e
arly
facu
lty
mem
bers
, edu
cato
rs a
nd o
ther
s with
in
tere
sts i
n Po
lar R
egio
ns a
nd th
e w
ider
cr
yosp
here
. Our
aim
s are
to sti
mul
ate
inte
rdisc
iplin
ary
and
inte
rnati
onal
rese
arch
co
llabo
ratio
ns, a
nd d
evel
op e
ffecti
ve fu
ture
le
ader
s in
pola
r res
earc
h, e
duca
tion
and
outr
each
. We
seek
to a
chie
ve th
ese
aim
s by
:•
Faci
litati
ng in
tern
ation
al a
nd
inte
rdisc
iplin
ary
netw
orki
ng to
sh
are
idea
s and
exp
erie
nces
and
to
deve
lop
new
rese
arch
dire
ction
s and
co
llabo
ratio
ns;
• Pr
ovid
ing
oppo
rtun
ities
for
prof
essio
nal c
aree
r dev
elop
men
t; an
d•
Prom
oting
edu
catio
n an
d ou
trea
ch
as a
n in
tegr
al c
ompo
nent
of p
olar
re
sear
ch a
nd to
stim
ulat
e fu
ture
ge
nera
tions
of p
olar
rese
arch
ers.’
43
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
APEC
SU
nive
rsity
of T
rom
søFa
culty
of B
iosc
ienc
es,
Fish
erie
s and
Ec
onom
ics
Hype
rbor
eum
102
9037
Tro
msø
N
orw
ay
Phon
e: +
47 7
76 4
5 10
3w
ww
.ape
cs.is
/en/
• N
ew Z
eala
nd y
outh
s are
elig
ible
to jo
in
APEC
S. T
here
is n
o ag
e re
quire
men
t id
entifi
ed b
ut th
e w
ebsit
e hi
ghlig
hts t
he
Asso
ciati
on is
for ‘
early
’ car
eer s
cien
tists
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 29
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
6Co
mm
issio
n fo
r the
Co
nser
vatio
n of
Ant
arcti
c M
arin
e Li
ving
Re
sour
ces
(CCA
MLR
)
‘CCA
MLR
was
est
ablis
hed
by in
tern
ation
al
conv
entio
n in
198
2 w
ith th
e ob
jecti
ve o
f co
nser
ving
Ant
arcti
c m
arin
e lif
e. T
his w
as in
re
spon
se to
incr
easin
g co
mm
erci
al in
tere
st
in A
ntar
ctic
krill
reso
urce
s, a
key
ston
e co
mpo
nent
of t
he A
ntar
ctic
ecos
yste
m a
nd
a hi
stor
y of
ove
r-exp
loita
tion
of se
vera
l ot
her m
arin
e re
sour
ces i
n th
e So
uthe
rn
Oce
an.’44
1982
CCAM
LR18
1 M
acqu
arie
Str
eet
Hoba
rt 7
000
Tasm
ania
Au
stra
lia
Phon
e: +
61 3
621
0 11
11
ww
w.c
cam
lr.or
g/en
• ‘In
201
0 CC
AMLR
est
ablis
hed
the
CCAM
LR
Scie
ntific
Sch
olar
ship
Sch
eme
to a
ssist
ear
ly
care
er sc
ienti
sts t
o pa
rtici
pate
in th
e w
ork
of th
e Sc
ienti
fic C
omm
ittee
and
its w
orki
ng
grou
ps. T
he o
bjec
tive
of th
e Sc
hola
rshi
p Sc
hem
e is
to c
ontr
ibut
e to
cap
acity
bui
ldin
g w
ithin
the
CCAM
LR sc
ienti
fic c
omm
unity
in
orde
r to
help
gen
erat
e an
d su
stai
n a
soun
d ba
sis o
f sci
entifi
c ex
perti
se a
ble
to su
ppor
t th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f CCA
MLR
in th
e lo
ng-
term
. Sch
olar
ship
s of u
p to
A$3
0,00
0 ar
e av
aila
ble
to fa
cilit
ate
parti
cipa
tion
in C
CAM
LR
Scie
ntific
Com
mitt
ee w
orks
hops
or w
orki
ng
grou
p m
eetin
gs, r
elev
ant p
repa
rato
ry
mee
tings
, and
exc
eptio
nally
, mee
tings
of t
he
Scie
ntific
Com
mitt
ee, o
ver a
per
iod
of tw
o ye
ars.’
45
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 30
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
7Co
unci
l of
Man
ager
s of
Nati
onal
An
tarc
tic
Prog
ram
s (C
OM
NAP
)
‘CO
MN
AP’s
purp
ose
whi
ch c
an b
e fo
und
in
its C
onsti
tutio
n is
to “d
evel
op a
nd p
rom
ote
best
pra
ctice
in m
anag
ing
the
supp
ort o
f sc
ienti
fic re
sear
ch in
Ant
arcti
ca”.
It do
es th
is by
: •
Serv
ing
as a
foru
m to
dev
elop
pra
ctice
s th
at im
prov
e eff
ectiv
enes
s of a
ctivi
ties i
n an
env
ironm
enta
lly re
spon
sible
man
ner;
• Fa
cilita
ting
and
prom
oting
inte
rnati
onal
pa
rtne
rshi
ps;
• Pr
ovid
ing
oppo
rtun
ities
and
syst
ems f
or
info
rmati
on e
xcha
nge;
and
•
Prov
idin
g th
e An
tarc
tic Tr
eaty
Sys
tem
w
ith o
bjec
tive
and
prac
tical
, tec
hnica
l an
d no
n-po
litica
l adv
ice d
raw
n fro
m th
e Na
tiona
l Ant
arcti
c Pro
gram
s’ po
ol o
f ex
perti
se.’46
1988
COM
NAP
Sec
reta
riat
7th
Floo
r, Bi
olog
y Bu
ildin
gU
nive
rsity
of
Cant
erbu
ryCh
ristc
hurc
hN
ew Z
eala
nd 8
140
Phon
e: +
64 3
364
227
3w
ww
.com
nap.
aq
• Si
nce
2011
CO
MN
AP h
as o
ffere
d An
tarc
tic
rese
arch
fello
wsh
ips w
ith fu
ndin
g fo
r ear
ly
care
er re
sear
cher
s to
carr
y ou
t res
earc
h w
ithin
a C
OM
NAP
Nati
onal
Ant
arcti
c Pr
ogra
m.
• Ea
ch y
ear C
OM
NAP
offe
rs se
nior
stud
ents
an
opp
ortu
nity
to w
ork
on a
sum
mer
pro
ject
on
Ant
arcti
ca in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith th
e U
nive
rsity
of C
ante
rbur
y.
• In
tern
ship
s at t
he se
cret
aria
t are
per
iodi
cally
av
aila
ble.
8Th
e Sc
ienti
fic
Com
mitt
ee
on A
ntar
ctic
Rese
arch
(S
CAR)
‘SCA
R is
an in
ter-d
iscip
linar
y co
mm
ittee
of
the
Inte
rnati
onal
Cou
ncil
for S
cienc
e (IC
SU).
SCAR
is ch
arge
d w
ith in
itiati
ng, d
evel
opin
g an
d co
ordi
natin
g hi
gh q
ualit
y in
tern
ation
al
scie
ntific
rese
arch
in th
e An
tarc
tic re
gion
(in
cludi
ng th
e So
uthe
rn O
cean
), an
d on
th
e ro
le o
f the
Ant
arcti
c reg
ion
in th
e Ea
rth
syst
em. T
he sc
ienti
fic b
usin
ess o
f SCA
R is
cond
ucte
d by
its S
tand
ing
Scie
ntific
Gro
ups
whi
ch re
pres
ent t
he sc
ienti
fic d
iscip
lines
ac
tive
in A
ntar
ctic r
esea
rch
and
repo
rt to
SC
AR.’47
1958
Scie
ntific
Com
mitt
ee o
n An
tarc
tic R
esea
rch
Scott
Pol
ar R
esea
rch
Insti
tute
Lens
field
Roa
dCa
mbr
idge
CB2
1ER
Uni
ted
King
dom
Phon
e: +
44 1
223
3365
50w
ww
.sca
r.org
• ‘T
he S
CAR
Fello
wsh
ip P
rogr
amm
e is
desig
ned
to e
ncou
rage
the
activ
e in
volv
emen
t of
early
car
eer s
cien
tists
and
eng
inee
rs in
An
tarc
tic sc
ienti
fic re
sear
ch, a
nd to
bui
ld
new
con
necti
ons a
nd fu
rthe
r str
engt
hen
inte
rnati
onal
cap
acity
and
coo
pera
tion
in
Anta
rctic
rese
arch
… T
he p
rogr
amm
e is
for
PhD
stud
ents
, or t
hose
with
in fi
ve y
ears
of
hav
ing
com
plet
ed a
PhD
, to
unde
rtak
e re
sear
ch a
t maj
or in
tern
ation
al la
bora
torie
s,
field
faci
lities
, and
/or i
nstit
utes
in o
r op
erat
ed b
y SC
AR m
embe
r.’48
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 31
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
#N
ame
Purp
ose
Esta
blis
hed
Cont
act D
etai
ls
Enga
gem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd Y
outh
9Po
lar
Educ
ator
s In
tern
ation
al
(PEI
)
‘PEI
is a
vib
rant
net
wor
k pr
omoti
ng
pola
r edu
catio
n an
d re
sear
ch to
a g
loba
l co
mm
unity
.By
fost
erin
g di
alog
ue a
nd c
olla
bora
tion
betw
een
educ
ator
s and
rese
arch
ers,
PEI
ai
ms t
o hi
ghlig
ht a
nd sh
are
the
glob
al
rele
vanc
e of
the
pola
r reg
ions
with
the
broa
der c
omm
unity
.’49
Not
sp
ecifi
ed.
No
addr
ess g
iven
.
Phon
e: N
ot li
sted
.w
ww
.pol
ared
ucat
or.o
rg
• N
o di
rect
eng
agem
ent w
ith N
ew Z
eala
nd
yout
h is
spec
ified
.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 32
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
Appendix 1: Timeline on New Zealand’s involvement in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean
Year New Zealand Specific Global
2014 2014: Antarctica New Zealand and Landcare Research with partners from Australia, Belgium, Norway and SCAR, launch a demonstration version of the Antarctic Environments Portal website. The final version, due to go live in 2015 will be an information portal that can be used by all the Antarctica Treaty partners to bridge the gap between scientists and decision-makers.50
2014: To date there are 50 signatory parties to the Antarctic Treaty.51
August 2014: The Royal Society of New Zealand hosts the SCAR Biennial Meetings and Open Science Conference in Auckland.52
31 March 2014: The International Court of Justice decides (by 12 votes to four) that Japan shall revoke its permit or licences granting whaling activities in the Antarctic in relation to the second Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA II) and refrain from granting any further permits in pursuance of that programme.53
July 2014: Professor Naish, a Principal Scientist at GNS Science, is the first New Zealander to win the Martha T. Muse Prize for Science and Policy in Antarctica. This global award is administered by SCAR and recognises significant and sustained contribution to Antarctic scientific research and policy.54
2013 2013: New Zealand and the United States jointly propose the establishment of a Ross Sea Region Marine Reserve to the CCAMLR.55
2013: CCAMLR meets to discuss proposals for marine protected areas proposed by Australia, the European Union, France, New Zealand and the United States. This included the joint proposal by New Zealand and the United States to establish a Ross Sea Region Marine Reserve. The commission did not enact the Ross Sea Marine Reserve proposal and it is has now been reviewed and resubmitted.56
2012 11 December 2012: The Antarctica (Environmental Protection: Liability Annex) Amendment Act 2012 is included in New Zealand legislation. The latest version is not yet in force as at December 2014.57
20 November 2012: New Zealand files a declaration of intervention to the International Court of Justice in regard to the whaling in the Antarctic (Australia versus Japan).58
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 33
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
Year New Zealand Specific Global
2011 23 June 2011: On the fiftieth anniversary of the entry into force of the Antarctic Treaty, the consultative parties to the Antarctic Treaty reaffirm their continued commitment to upholding the Antarctic Treaty and all the other elements of the Antarctic Treaty system that have evolved since the Treaty’s entry into force. By this date the number of parties to the Treaty had increased from the original 12 to 47.59
2010 27 April 2010: ‘The New Zealand Antarctic and Southern Ocean Science Directions and Priorities 2010–2020’ document is officially launched by the Minster of Conservation.60
2008 2008: Declining numbers of toothfish (Dissoctichus mawsoni) in the Ross Sea are highlighted at a CCAMLAR Working Group meeting.61
2007 2007: Kevin Biggar and Jamie Fitzgerald become the first New Zealanders to walk unsupported to the South Pole.62
4 June 2007: The first New Zealand Antarctic Medal (NZAM) is awarded to Dr Frederick Davey.63
20 January 2007: New Zealand’s Scott Base celebrates its fiftieth anniversary. As part of the celebrations, Prime Minister Helen Clark formally opens a new laboratory building at Arrival Heights.64
2006 2006: The New Zealand Government approves the New Zealand Strategy for the Future Management of the Marine Living Resources and Biodiversity of the Ross Sea. ‘The Strategy states New Zealand should seek balance between: well managed sustainable harvesting in accordance with CCAMLR’s conservation principles and marine protection to safeguard the long-term ecological viability of marine systems and protect Antarctic marine biological diversity and areas potentially vulnerable to human impacts.’ s65
1 September 2006: The NZAM is instituted as a New Zealand Royal Honour to replace the (British) Polar Medal.66
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 34
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
Year New Zealand Specific Global
2005 November 2005: The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Erebus disaster is commemorated. Sir Edmund Hillary opens the Hillary Field Centre – the final stage of the reconstruction of Scott Base.67
2005: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty Annex VI on Liability Arising from Environmental Emergencies is adopted and will enter into force after its approval by the consultative parties that participated in the Stockholm Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.68
2003 2003: The New Zealand Government adopts a policy statement on tourism and other non-governmental activities in Antarctica. The policy responds to increasing concern about managing environmental effects of tourism, safety and potential jurisdictional issues that may arise as a result of expansion and diversification of these activities.69
2002 2002: The New Zealand Government releases the ‘Revised New Zealand Statement of Strategic Interest’. The Statement declares that New Zealand is committed to conservation of the intrinsic wilderness values of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean for the benefit of every country and for present and future generations of New Zealanders.70
2002: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty Annex V on Area Protection and Management enters into force.71
1999 1 January 1999: The Gateway Antarctica Centre for Antarctic studies and research is established at the University of Christchurch.72
1998 1998: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty along with Annexes I to IV (Annex I [EIA], Annex II [Fauna and Flora], Annex III [Waste Disposal], Annex IV [Marine Pollution]) enter into force.73
Note: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty which came into force in 1998 may be reviewed after 50 years if any of the Antarctic Treaty consultative parties request it. To view a copy of the Protocol please see the Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty website.
1998: The first meeting of the CEP, established by Article 11 of the Environment Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty takes place.74
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 35
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
Year New Zealand Specific Global
1996 1 July 1996: The New Zealand Antarctic Institute (Antarctica New Zealand) is established. Combining the work of the Ross Dependency Research Committee (RDRC) and the New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme (NZARP), it will develop, manage and administer New Zealand’s activities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, particularly the Ross Sea region.75
1995 1995: Lake Vanda Station in the Wright Dry Valley is decommissioned. Colin Bull from Victoria University started The Royal Vanda Swimming Club, which played an important role in station morale over the years.76
1994 6 December 1994: The Antarctica (Environmental Protection) Act in passed in New Zealand. The Act is to provide for the comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and to recognise Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science and to implement the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.77
1992 1992: The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) is disbanded. The RDRC and the Antarctic Division otherwise known as the NZARP, are placed within MFAT.78
31 October 1992: New Zealanders Garth Varcoe and Terry Newport are killed in a helicopter crash while returning from working on the Cape Bird hut rebuild.79
October 1992: The hut at New Zealand base Cape Bird is rebuilt.80
1991 4 October 1991: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is open for signatures from the contracting parties to the Antarctic Treaty. It designates Antarctica as a ‘natural reserve, devoted to peace and science’.81
October 1991: On the thirtieth anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty, the parties to the Treaty reaffirm the objective of the Treaty by adopting a declaration that in the interests of all mankind Antarctica shall continue to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes.82
1990 September 1990: The International Antarctic Centre opens at Christchurch Airport.83
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1989 December 1989: One of the original huts at Scott Base, ‘A Hut’, is moved 40 m. ‘B-Hut’ is dismantled and returned to New Zealand.84
1988 2 June 1988: New Zealand adopts the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities. This convention was signed by 19 states but not ratified or entered into force. Since the convention was signed it has been superseded by the 1991 Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty.85
1987 1987: The New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust is formed to care for historic sites located in the Ross Sea Region of Antarctica.86
1986 February 1986: The last New Zealand dogs return from Scott Base.87
1982 1982: Prime Minister Robert Muldoon is the first prime minister to visit Scott Base for the site’s twenty-fifth anniversary.88
7 April 1982: The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources comes into effect.89
June 1982: Negotiations for a possible mineral resource regime begin in Wellington, New Zealand.90
20 January 1982: New Zealand’s Scott Base celebrates its twenty-fifth anniversary.91
1981 1981: New Zealand is a founding member of CCAMLR.92
1981: The CCAMLR is established. The Commission’s responsibility is to manage and protect marine living resources south of the Antarctic convergence, ranging from latitude 45 degrees south in the Indian Ocean to 60 degrees south in the Pacific sector.93
October 1981: The Antarctic Marine Living Resources Act 1981 is passed to give effect to the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.94
1980 1980: New Zealand is one of the original signatories to the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. The Convention came into force in 1982.95
1 August 1980: The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources is open for signature at Canberra from 1 August to 31 December 1980 by the States participating in the Conference on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources held in May.96
1979 1979: New Zealander Thelma Rogers of the DSIR becomes the first woman to winter over in Antarctica.97
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1979: New Zealand based company Helicopters (NZ) Ltd secures its first Antarctic contract with the West German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources.98
28 November 1979: Air New Zealand Flight 901, a DC-10 registered ZK-NZP, crashed into Mt Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica, instantly killing all 257 people on board.99
1977 1977: The Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone Act is assented.100
There is also specific provision in New Zealand legislation for the establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone beyond the outer limit of the territorial sea of the Ross Dependency.101
1977: Reconstruction of New Zealand’s Scott Base begins.102
1976 15 June 1976: New Zealand joins the International Whaling Commission. This includes regulation of whaling in the southern ocean.103
1974 1974: Canterbury Museum’s Antarctic exhibition opens.104
December 1974: A NZARP team climb into the crater of Erebus volcano for the first time to collect gas samples. Philip Kyle films the expedition.105
1973 1973: Hallett Station closes.106
1972 1972: The ARC is established within the Department of Geology at Victoria University, Wellington.107
1972–1974: Dr David Lewis makes the first single-handed voyage to Antarctica in 1972 in his yacht Ice Bird.108
1970 May 1970: The Antarctic Division moves to Christchurch.109
1969 1969–1970: The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) of 1969–1970 names Marble Peak110 and Surprise Spur.111
19 November 1969: New Zealander Jeremy Sykes, a National Film Unit cameraman, is killed in a helicopter accident in Antarctica.112
November 1969: New Zealander Pamela Young is one of a party of six women who become the first women to reach the South Pole.113
9 January 1969: Vanda Station, a New Zealand wintering-over station in the McMurdo Dry Valleys area, opens.114
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1968 1968: Zoologist Marie Darby becomes the first New Zealand woman to visit the Antarctic mainland.115
1967 1967: New Zealander Peter Barrett discovers the first tetrapod remains in Antarctica.116
1966 October 1966: A biological laboratory, Harrison Laboratory, is established at the New Zealand Cape Bird site.117
1965 27 October 1965: The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) completes the first flight from New Zealand to Antarctica. In ‘Operation Ice Cube’, a Hercules of No 40 Squadron makes the first of what become annual summer flights.118
1964 6 March 1964: A fire destroys further buildings at Hallett Station. They are not rebuilt. The station continues to be used as a summer-only base.119
1962 3 May 1962: Scott Base becomes a permanent Antarctic station in recognition of the value and importance of the science being conducted in the Antarctic. It is to be maintained by NZARP.120
25 December 1962: A fire destroys buildings at Hallett Station.121
1961 23 June 1961: The Antarctic Treaty enters into force.122
1960 1 November 1960: New Zealand’s ratification of the Antarctic Treaty 1959 comes into effect.123
October 1960: The Antarctica Act 1960 is passed to confer jurisdiction on the courts of New Zealand to deal with crimes committed in the Ross Dependency and certain other parts of Antarctica, and to restrict the jurisdiction of the courts in respect of acts or omissions in Antarctica of certain nationals of other countries.124
1959 1959: Arrival Heights, a New Zealand unmanned observation hut, is established about 5 km from Scott Base.125
1 December 1959: The Antarctic Treaty is signed in Washington by 12 nations: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Russian Federation (USSR at the time), South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States. The Treaty’s primary purpose is to ensure ‘in the interests of all mankind that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not become the scene or object of international discord.’ It applies to the area south of 60° South latitude.126
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1 December 1959: New Zealand and 11 other countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) sign the Antarctic Treaty.127
19 November 1959: New Zealand engineer Tom Couzens is killed when the Sno-Cat he is driving falls into a 30-metre-deep crevice.128
Early 1959: The DSIR establishes an Antarctic Division to work with the RDRC on New Zealand’s activities in the Ross Dependency. It becomes known as the NZARP. It is initially based in Wellington.129
1958 1958–1959: NZGSAE names the Mountaineer Range, the range of mountains lying between the Mariner and Aviator Glaciers in Victoria Land.130
2 March 1958: British explorer Dr Vivian Fuchs and his party complete the first overland crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole, as part of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition (TAE).131
24 March 1958: Responsibility for coordinating New Zealand’s activities in the Ross Dependency is given to the minister in charge of scientific and industrial research. A RDRC is appointed to advise and assist the minister. The geophysics division of the DSIR continues to implement the Antarctic programme.132
26 February 1958: The New Zealand Cabinet approves in principal an extension to scientific work into 1959 as part of an extended world IGY programme.133
4 January 1958: Sir Edmund Hillary and the New Zealand component of the TAE are the first to reach the South Pole overland since Scott in 1912.134
1957 1957–1958: The Borchgrevink Glacier is named by the NZGSAE.135
31 January 1957: Hallett Station, a joint New Zealand-United States operation, opens at Cape Adare.136
20 January 1957: New Zealand’s Scott Base opens at Pram Point.137
1956 1956: The first issue of Antarctic, the flagship publication of the New Zealand Antarctic Society, is printed. This Journal is still in print as at 2015.138
1956: The building of Scott base begins in 1956 to support the TAE and IGY of 1956–1959.139
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1 May 1956: The RNZAF Antarctic Flight is formed to scout the route for the New Zealand component of the TAE, to air-supply depots and to provide emergency backup. It continues in this role until 1960.140
1955 1955–1958: Vessels, aircraft and personnel from the American Operation Deep Freeze use New Zealand as a base for their expedition.141
20 December 1955: The first long-distance flights into Antarctica from the outside world leave from New Zealand.142
26 May 1955: The Ross Sea Committee of the Commonwealth TAE is established to coordinate New Zealand’s contribution to the expedition.143
14 May 1955: The New Zealand Government agrees to contribute £50,000 towards the costs of the proposed TAE and to set up a committee to organise a terminal base for the crossing party.144
February 1955: The New Zealand Government endorses the IGY and agrees to support New Zealand scientists in their endeavours to contribute to its programme of events.145
1946 1946–1947: Some of Operation Highjump’s vessels visit New Zealand ports during the expedition and Richard E. Byrd visits at the end of the expedition.146
1946–1947: The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, known as Operation Highjump, is led by Richard E. Byrd under the operational command of Admiral Richard Cruzens.147
1939 1939–1941: The United States Antarctic Service Expedition, led by Richard E. Byrd, does not generate the same amount of interest as previous expeditions as the New Zealand public is preoccupied with news of the war. Eventually the expedition is abandoned altogether because of rising international tensions.148
1936 January 1936: New Zealand assists in a relief expedition for one of Lincoln Ellsworth failed attempts to fly from the Ross Sea to the Weddell Sea.149
1933 1933–1936: Lincoln Ellsworth uses Dunedin as his New Zealand base and New Zealanders serve in his expeditions.150
1933–1936: American aviator and explorer Lincoln Ellsworth aims to make the first non-stop flight from the Ross Sea to the Weddell Sea. He fails in both his summer expeditions.151
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1933–1935: Wellington serves as Richard E. Byrd’s New Zealand base for his expeditions. Byrd’s ships leave from Wellington and return there during the expedition. Several New Zealanders serve in the expedition, including Bob Young, who also served in the first Byrd Antarctic Expedition, and Louis Potaka.152
1933–1935: The second Byrd Antarctic Expedition, or BAE2 as it later becomes known, led by Richard E. Byrd, aims to answer some of the questions unresolved by his previous expedition. It makes extensive use of motorised land transport. In 1934 Byrd spends five winter months alone operating a meteorological station, Advance Base, and is lucky not to die after suffering carbon monoxide poisoning from his poorly ventilated stove.153
1933: The NZAS is established with the aim of bringing together people interested in Antarctica. Since its first meeting, it has been involved in a wide range of Antarctic activities.154
1929 1929–1931: The British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE), led by Douglas Mawson, aims to investigate the entire coast of the territory over which Britain claims sovereignty. The expedition receives funding from New Zealand but there is no physical contact with the country. Two New Zealand scientists serve in the expedition: ornithologist Dr R.A. Falla and meteorologist R.G. Simmers.155
29 November 1929: Richard E. Byrd and his pilot, co-pilot and photographer make the first flight over the South Pole.156
1928 1928–1930: Dunedin serves as Richard E. Byrd’s New Zealand base for his expeditions. Byrd’s ships leave Dunedin and return there during the expedition, and his dogs are quarantined on Quarantine Island. Several New Zealanders serve with the expedition.157
1928–1930: The Byrd Antarctic Expedition, or BAE1 as it later becomes known, led by American polar explorer and aviator Richard E. Byrd, aims to explore the Antarctic continent by land and air. They establish a base camp, Little America, and explore the continent using planes.158
1923 30 July 1923: Administration over Ross Dependency is allocated to New Zealand.159
30 July 1923: Britain declares sovereignty over Ross Dependency.160
1921 1921–1922: Shackleton and New Zealander Frank Worsley are due to head back to the Antarctic on the Shackleton-Rowett expedition on board the Quest. The expedition is cut short following Shackleton’s sudden death in South Georgia. Another New Zealander, pilot Major Roderick Carr, accompanies the expedition.161
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Year New Zealand Specific Global
1914 1914–1917: The navigation skills of a New Zealander, Frank Worsley, play a crucial role in the rescue of the main Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition party, while other New Zealanders, and the government, contribute to the rescue of the support party.162
1914–1917: The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, or Endurance expedition, led by British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, aims to complete the first land crossing of Antarctica. It fails entirely in this aim and is instead remembered as an incredible survival story. Its two parties sail to opposite sides of the Antarctic continent, with separate tasks, but both eventually find themselves trapped in inhospitable surroundings with insufficient supplies.163
1912 March 1912: Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen visits New Zealand to lecture to crowded audiences.164
November 1912–February 1913: Douglas Mawson was the sole survivor of the Far Eastern Party’s journey undertaken by Mawson, Mertz and Ninnis. Ninnis died from plummeting down a crevasse, with many of the supplies. Mertz perished from physical exertion, starvation and possibly toxicity from eating dogs’ livers. Mawson struggled alone for 30 days, arriving at Main Base in February 1913.165
1911 1911–1914: The Australasian Antarctic Expedition is not financially supported by the New Zealand Government but does receive significant donations of goods from New Zealand manufacturers. New Zealanders are also directly involved: Eric Webb is chief magnetician and Dr Leslie Whetter medical officer at the expedition’s main base at Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay; Harold Hamilton is chief biologist and A.J. Sawyer chief wireless operator at its Macquarie Island station. Other New Zealanders collect specimens on cruises into the sub-Antarctic and work aboard the expedition’s ship, the Aurora.166
1911–1914: The Australasian Antarctic Expedition, led by Australian geologist Douglas Mawson, aims to chart the coastline of Antarctica to the south of Australia.167
14 December 1911: Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen is the first to reach the South Pole.168
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1910 1910–1913: Lyttelton is the New Zealand base for the British Antarctic Expedition, or Terra Nova Expedition – the Terra Nova officially leaves from Lyttelton port (though the last port it visits is Port Chalmers) and returns there during the expedition. The majority of expedition members also disembark at Lyttelton after the return journey tragedy.169
1910–1913: The British Antarctic Expedition, or Terra Nova Expedition, led by British explorer Robert Falcon Scott, succeeds in reaching the Pole. Although the expedition has further objectives in scientific research and geographical exploration, the main objective is ‘to reach the South Pole and to secure for the British Empire the honour of this achievement’. But Scott’s polar party is beaten by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, and they perish on the return journey.170
1910: The Japanese Antarctic Expedition ship, the Kainan Maru, calls in to Wellington for fuel and supplies on its way to and from the Antarctic.171
1910–1912: The Japanese Antarctic Expedition, led by Japanese army lieutenant Nobu Shirase, which aims to reach the Pole, is the first Japanese exploration of Antarctic territory.172
1908 1908–1909: The British Antarctic Expedition uses Lyttelton as its New Zealand base and receives significant support from the New Zealand government and the public. A number of New Zealanders are also involved.173
1908–1909: British explorer Ernest Shackleton leads the British Antarctic Expedition, or Nimrod Expedition, that penetrates the farthest south yet – within 160 km of the Pole.174
1901 1901–1904: The British National Antarctic Expedition uses Lyttelton as its New Zealand base and receives great support from New Zealanders. This encourages Scott to rely on New Zealand to a greater extent in his next expedition in 1910–1913. A New Zealander, Clarence Hare, is taken on as a steward.175
1901–1904: British explorer Robert Falcon Scott leads the British National Antarctic Expedition, or Discovery Expedition – the first real land expedition in the Antarctic. It aims to carry out scientific research and geographical exploration.176
1899 March 1899: The ship Southern Cross voyages to New Zealand to load stores and overhaul the vessel before returning to pick up Norwegian explorer Carstens Borchgrevink and his expedition team, including several New Zealanders, in December 1899. The ship returns to New Zealand following the completion of the expedition.177
1898 1898: Norwegian explorer Carstens Borchgrevink led the first expedition party to winter-over in Antarctica at Cape Adare.178
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1885 24 January 1885: New Zealander Alexander von Tunzelmann joins six men from the Norwegian whaling and sealing ship Antarcticin – the first substantiated landing on the Antarctic continent proper. Von Tunzelmann becomes the first person to set foot on Antarctica, at Cape Adare. Prior to its voyage south, the ship calls in for repairs at Port Chalmers, then recruits Tunzelmann and three other New Zealanders at Stewart Island.179
1841 1841: James Clark Ross and his men visit New Zealand after their expedition to the Ross Sea, Victoria Land, Mt Erebus, Mount Terror, the Victoria barrier (the Ross Ice Shelf) and McMurdo Sound. They remain in the Bay of Islands for three months.180
1841: James Clark Ross, a British naval officer, discovers the Ross Sea, Victoria Land, Mt Erebus, Mount Terror, the Victoria barrier (the Ross Ice Shelf) and McMurdo Sound.181
1839 1839–1840: New Zealander Tuati, also known as John Sac, travels with Captain Charles Wilkes on his exploration expedition. Wilkes and his men subsequently visit New Zealand, travelling extensively in the Bay of Islands.182
1839–1840: Captain Charles Wilkes, leader of the United States Exploring Expedition, provides the first evidence that a ‘land of continental extent’, Antarctica, exists in part of the area thought to contain the great southern land.183
1819 1819–1820: Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and his men spend a week in Queen Charlotte Sound between voyages into Antarctic waters.184
1819–1820: Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a Russian naval officer, becomes one of three Europeans to first sight the continent of Antarctica.185
1772 1772: Marc Joseph Marion du Fresne, a French explorer, arrives in the Bay of Islands after searching for the ‘great southern continent’. About five weeks later he and a number of members of his expedition are killed by local Māori.186
1769 1769 – 1770: James Cook voyages to New Zealand to determine the eastern tip of the land Tasman had sighted. The voyage confirms this is not the ‘great southern continent’.187
1643 January 1643: Abel Tasman sailed away from New Zealand having only mapped a ‘ragged line’ and is unable to confirm whether this was the coast of the ‘great southern continent’.188
1642 December 1642: Abel Tasman sights New Zealand while searching for Terra Australis Incognita. This ‘great southern continent’ is believed to exist east of Australia and west of Cape Horn.189
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650AD 650 AD: Māori tradition suggests that a Polynesian chief by the name of Hui Te Rangiora may have been the first person to see Antarctica. He is said to have encountered the icebergs of Antarctica during a voyage south of New Zealand.190
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Endnotes1. Air New Zealand (n.d.). About Air New Zealand. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from:
http://antarctica.airnewzealand.com/about-air-newzealand
2. Air New Zealand (n.d.). Our Antarctic partnership. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://antarctica.airnewzealand.com/our-partnership
3. Air New Zealand (n.d.). The story. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://antarctica.airnewzealand.com/
4. Antarctic Environments Portal (2014). Overview. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.environments.aq/?locale=en_GB
5. Antarctica New Zealand (2014). News: Antarctica website links science and policy. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/about-us/news/534-auto-generate-from-title
6. Antarctic Heritage Trust (n.d.). About us. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.nzaht.org/AHT/about-aht/
7. Antarctica New Zealand (2014). Antarctica and the Southern Ocean – valued, protected, understood. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/
8. Antarctic Research Centre (2011). Welcome to the Antarctic Research Centre. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/antarctic
9. Department of Conservation (DOC) (n.d.). Vision, purpose, outcome and values. Retrieved December 10, 2014 from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-doc/role/vision-purpose-and-outcome/
10. Heritage Expeditions New Zealand Ltd (n.d.). Enderby Trust scholarship opportunities open for this year. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://heritage-expeditions.com/article/enderby-trust-scholarship-opportunities-open-year/
11. Environment and Conservation Organisations of New Zealand (ECO) Inc. (2014). What we do. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.eco.org.nz/what-we-do.html
12. Forest and Bird (2011). What we do. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.forestandbird.org.nz/what-we-do
13. Gateway Antarctica University of Canterbury (n.d.). About us. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.anta.canterbury.ac.nz/about.shtml
14. DrillNZ Scientific Drilling (n.d). About us. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://drill.gns.cri.nz/DrillNZ/About-us
15. International Antarctic Centre (n.d.). Antarctica … The coolest fun in Christchurch. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.iceberg.co.nz/
16. International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research (ICTAR) (2014). Mission. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.ictar.aq/mission.cfm
17. International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research (ICTAR) (2014). Mission. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.ictar.aq/mission.cfm
18. Landcare Research (n.d.). Our core purpose. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from: http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/about/our-core-purpose
19. Land Information New Zealand. (LINZ) (n.d.). About LINZ. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.linz.govt.nz/about-linz
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20. Land Information New Zealand. (LINZ) (2014). Antarctica & Pacific Regions. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from: http://www.linz.govt.nz/antarctica-pacific-regions#record
21. National Science Challenges (n.d.). Home. Retrieved November 28, 2014 from: http://www.sustainableseaschallenge.co.nz/
22. National Science Challenges (n.d.). Engagement. Retrieved November 28, 2014 from: http://www.sustainableseaschallenge.co.nz/engagement
23. National Science Challenges (n.d.). Home. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.deepsouthchallenge.co.nz/
24. National Science Challenges (n.d.). Engagement. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.deepsouthchallenge.co.nz/engagement
25. New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NZARI) (n.d.). About NZARI: The Institute. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://nzari.aq/about-nzari
26. New Zealand Antarctic Society (2014). Home page. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.antarctic.org.nz/index.html
27. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). New Zealand, Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/index.php
28. New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NIWA) (2013). Our mission. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.niwa.co.nz/about/our-mission
29. New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NIWA) (2013). Education and training. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training
30. New Zealand IceFest (2014). About NZ IceFest. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://nzicefest.co.nz/about-nz-icefest
31. Polar Environments Otago Research Theme (PERT), University of Otago (n.d.). Welcome to the polar environment research theme webpage. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://polarresearch.otago.ac.nz/
32. Snow and Ice Research Group New Zealand (SIRG) (n.d.). SIRG New Zealand. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://sirg.org.nz/
33. The Morgan Foundation (2014). Our Far South. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://morganfoundation.org.nz/far-south/
34. The Sir Peter Blake Trust (2014). The Trust. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.sirpeterblaketrust.org/the-trust/
35. The Sir Peter Blake Trust (2014). Antarctic Youth Ambassador Programme. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.sirpeterblaketrust.org/young-blake-expeditions/antarctic-youth-ambassador/antarctic-youth-ambassador-programme/
36. The Sir Peter Blake Trust (2014). The Sub-Antarctic Expedition. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.sirpeterblaketrust.org/young-blake-expeditions/sub-antarctic-expedition-2014/the-sub-antarctic-expedition/
37. World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) New Zealand (n.d.). About us. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.wwf.org.nz/about_us/
38. ANDRILL (n.d.). About ANDRILL. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from: http://andrill.org/static/About.html
39. ANDRILL (n.d.). About ANDRILL. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from: http://andrill.org/static/About.html
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40. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC) (n.d.). Welcome. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.acecrc.org.au/
41. Antarctic Ocean Alliance (AOA) (n.d.). What’s at stake? Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://antarcticocean.org/whats-at-stake/
42. Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) (n.d.). Who we are. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.asoc.org/about
43. Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) (n.d.). About APECS. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://apecs.is/en/
44. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (2014). About CCAMLAR. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.ccamlr.org/en/organisation/about-ccamlr
45. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (2014). CCAMLAR scientific scholarship scheme. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.ccamlr.org/en/document/science/ccamlr-scientific-scholarship-scheme
46. Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP) (n.d.). About COMNAP. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: https://www.comnap.aq/SitePages/Home.aspx
47. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (2014). About SCAR. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.scar.org/about-us
48. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (2014). SCAR fellowship scheme. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.scar.org/2014-02-03-11-42-48/fellowships/85-awards/fellowships/132-fellowships
49. Polar Educators International (PEI) (n.d.). AboutPEI. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.polareducator.org/about
50. Antarctica New Zealand (2014). Antarctic website links science and policy. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/about-us/news/534-auto-generate-from-title
51. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). Parties. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/devAS/ats_parties.aspx?lang=e
52. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Science (SCAR) (2014). About. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.scar2014.com/about-2014-scar-biennial-meetings/
53. International Court of Justice (ICJ) (2014, March 31). Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), page 72. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/148/18136.pdf
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58. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2013). Treaties and international law: New Zealand at the International Court of Justice. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/06-International-Courts-and-Tribunals/2-NZ-at-the-International-Court-of-Justice.php
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73. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/e/ep.htm
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84. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
85. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2010). Treaties and international law: convention on the regulation of antarctic mineral resource activities. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/01-Treaties-for-which-NZ-is-Depositary/0-Antarctic-Mineral-Resource.php
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87. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
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89. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/2-Antarctic-Treaty-System/1-Conservation-of-Resources.php
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92. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/2-Antarctic-Treaty-System/1-Conservation-of-Resources.php
93. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/2-Antarctic-Treaty-System/1-Conservation-of-Resources.php
94. New Zealand Legislation (n.d.). Antarctic Marine Living Resources Act 1981. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1981/0053/latest/DLM52829.html?search=ts_act_Antarctic+Marine&sr=1
95. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2012). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/2-Antarctic-Treaty-System/1-Conservation-of-Resources.php
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97. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
98. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
99. New Zealand Air Line Pilots’ Association (2009). The Erebus story: the loss of TE901: the story. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.erebus.co.nz/Background/TheStory.aspx
100. Parliamentary Counsel Office: New Zealand Legislation (n.d.). Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1977/0028/latest/DLM442579.html
101. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2013). The Ross Dependency. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/1-New-Zealand-and-Antarctica/2-The-Ross-Dependency.php
102. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
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103. International Whaling Commission (IWC) (2014). Membership and contracting governments. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://iwc.int/members
104. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
105. Mt. Erebus Volcano Observatory (2010, May 26). Into the Erebus crater 1974 (part 1). Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4o2VvhMby6Q&list=UUmzt7laJCYZuPPyalIgbpkw
106. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand History: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
107. Victoria University of Wellington (2013). Antarctic Research Centre: history. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/antarctic/about/history
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110. U.S. Geological Survey (2014). Antarctic feature detail. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_ANTAR_ID,P3_TITLE:9371,Marble% 20Peak
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113. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: Page 5 – Timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
114. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
115. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
116. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
117. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
118. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
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119. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
120. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
121. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
122. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). The Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/e/ats.htm
123. Ministry for the Environment (MfE) (n.d.). Antarctica Treaty System. Retrieved December 1, 2014 from: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/more/international-environmental-agreements/multilateral-environmental-agreements/key-multilateral-0
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126. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
127. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
128. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
129. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
130. U.S. Geological Survey (2014). Antarctic feature detail. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_ANTAR_ID,P3TITLE:10331,Mountain eer%20Range
131. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Edmund Hillary in Antarctica. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/edmund-hillary-antarctica
132. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
133. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
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134. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
135. U.S. Geological Survey (2014). Antarctic feature detail. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_ANTAR_ID,P3_TITLE:1662,Borchgrev ink%20Glacier
136. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
137. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
138. New Zealand Antarctic Society (n.d.). Antarctic – the publication of the New Zealand Antarctic Society. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.antarctic.org.nz/pages/journal.html
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140. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
141. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
142. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
143. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
144. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
145. Antarctica New Zealand (2005). International geographical year. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.scottbase50years.co.nz/history/tae_iggy/expedition/info2.htm
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147. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
148. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
149. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
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150. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
151. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
152. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
153. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
154. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
155. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
156. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
157. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
158. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
159. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
160. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
161. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
162. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
163. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
164. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
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165. Department of the Environment (2011). Sir Douglas Mawson (1882-1958). Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/douglas-mawson
166. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
167. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
168. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
169. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
170. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
171. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
172. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
173. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
174. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
175. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
176. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
177. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
178. Antarctic Heritage Trust (2014). Cape Adare – Antarctica: the forgotten legacy. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.norwaysforgottenexplorer.org/
179. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
180. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 57
MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02
181. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
182. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
183. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
184. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
185. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
186. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
187. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
188. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
189. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline
190. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/tuati-and-discovery-antarctica