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ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH |1 MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02 Working Paper 2015/02: Assessment of Organisaons Involved With the Antarcc and Their Engagement With New Zealand Youth Author: Miranda Voke 1. Purpose The purpose of this paper was to record what organisations are currently doing to engage New Zealand youth with the Antarctic and Southern Ocean region. The paper also provides an historical context by recording a brief history of the region from AD 650 to today. The paper has been prepared for the New Zealand Antarctic Youth Council (NZAYC). In 2014 the McGuinness Institute brought together nine youths between the ages of 18 and 30 to formally establish the NZAYC in 2015. This paper aims to describe the current landscape, identifying where opportunities exist for the NZAYC going forward. This paper may prove useful for other parties interested in progressing informed debate on the future of the Antarctic. 2. Methodology Given the purpose above, the approach was to produce three tables in three appendices. The first two appendices reflect the current landscape – who is doing what in regard to youth engagement. Appendix 1 lists organisations unique to New Zealand whereas Appendix 2 lists international organisations operating in New Zealand. Appendix 3 is a timeline which reflects the historical context. Please note a list of all abbreviations can be found on page 4. Organisational Analysis (Appendices 1 and 2) At the first NZAYC organising committee meeting (Tuesday, 21 October 2014) it was decided a review of the current landscape was necessary. At this meeting, attendees brainstormed a list of organisations, which was further expanded in coming weeks. Information contained in Appendices 1 and 2 include: a) the name of the organisation; b) the overall purpose of the organisation; c) the date the organisation was established; d) the contact details of the organisation; and e) any engagement with New Zealand youth. To gather this information, a search was conducted on the website of each organisation. In some instances, all the required information was clearly displayed on the website. In other instances, information such as the purpose, date of creation or the organisation’s engagement with New Zealand youth was not clearly identified and in-depth research was necessary. In a few situations, this led to direct contact with the organisation in question. About the author: Miranda Voke holds a B.A. in politics and a Master of Research in environmental management from Swansea University. The McGuinness Institute would like to thank reviewers of the paper from the New Zealand Antarctic Youth Council: Peggy Cunningham-Hales, Bella Duncan, Christoph Kraus, Hanne Nielsen, James Tremlett, Lagi Tuimavave and Charlie Wilkinson. Published 26 January 2015 ISBN 978-1-972193-52-5 (PDF)

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ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 1

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

Working Paper 2015/02: Assessment of Organisations Involved With the Antarctic and Their Engagement With New Zealand YouthAuthor: Miranda Voke

1. Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to record what organisations are currently doing to engage New Zealand youth with the Antarctic and Southern Ocean region. The paper also provides an historical context by recording a brief history of the region from AD 650 to today.

The paper has been prepared for the New Zealand Antarctic Youth Council (NZAYC). In 2014 the McGuinness Institute brought together nine youths between the ages of 18 and 30 to formally establish the NZAYC in 2015. This paper aims to describe the current landscape, identifying where opportunities exist for the NZAYC going forward. This paper may prove useful for other parties interested in progressing informed debate on the future of the Antarctic.

2. Methodology

Given the purpose above, the approach was to produce three tables in three appendices. The first two appendices reflect the current landscape – who is doing what in regard to youth engagement. Appendix 1 lists organisations unique to New Zealand whereas Appendix 2 lists international organisations operating in New Zealand. Appendix 3 is a timeline which reflects the historical context. Please note a list of all abbreviations can be found on page 4.

Organisational Analysis (Appendices 1 and 2) At the first NZAYC organising committee meeting (Tuesday, 21 October 2014) it was decided a review of the current landscape was necessary. At this meeting, attendees brainstormed a list of organisations, which was further expanded in coming weeks. Information contained in Appendices 1 and 2 include:

a) the name of the organisation;b) the overall purpose of the organisation;c) the date the organisation was established;d) the contact details of the organisation; ande) any engagement with New Zealand youth.

To gather this information, a search was conducted on the website of each organisation. In some instances, all the required information was clearly displayed on the website. In other instances, information such as the purpose, date of creation or the organisation’s engagement with New Zealand youth was not clearly identified and in-depth research was necessary. In a few situations, this led to direct contact with the organisation in question.

About the author: Miranda Voke holds a B.A. in politics and a Master of Research in environmental management from Swansea

University. The McGuinness Institute would like to thank reviewers of the paper from the New Zealand Antarctic Youth Council:

Peggy Cunningham-Hales, Bella Duncan, Christoph Kraus, Hanne Nielsen, James Tremlett, Lagi Tuimavave and Charlie Wilkinson.

Published 26 January 2015 ISBN 978-1-972193-52-5 (PDF)

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 2

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

Timeline (Appendix 3) Although there are a number of timelines currently online, it was decided that the committee would benefit from having its own timeline on its website. It was also decided to separate the timeline into New Zealand-specific events and the more broader global context. The final timeline can be viewed in Appendix 3 and on the NZAYC and McGuinness Institute’s website*. Please note that in contrast to this paper, the timeline will be updated over time.

A draft of the paper was distributed to the organising committee of the NZAYC for review and comment. The reviewers were then able to give feedback on any organisations they felt needed to be added or removed from the appendices.

3. Limitations

There were limitations to the organisations analysis in Appendices 1 and 2. The primary issue encountered was a decision on how to include international organisations which are influential in New Zealand but are not based here. As the Antarctic is managed largely through international collaboration, there are many international organisations of this nature. These organisations were separated from New Zealand-based organisations and comprise Appendix 2.

A second limitation which emerged related to the required level of involvement between the organisation and the Antarctic for the organisation to be considered relevant to the list. Certain organisations are clearly relevant, such as Antarctica New Zealand and the New Zealand Antarctic Society (NZAS), while other organisations are not, such as Air New Zealand or Forest and Bird. In some instances, the organisation had links to the Antarctic via research collaborations, competitions or campaigns focusing on the Antarctic and the subantarctic region, but the Antarctic is not a focus of their primary work. In these cases where a degree of judgement was required, the role of external reviewers was crucial.

A third limitation focused on the classification of New Zealand ‘youth’. As a starting point, the NZAYC used the age bracket of 18 to 30 to define youth. In this working paper, we have kept this definition in mind. However, in the list below, details were included of organisations engagement with teenagers or children below the age of 18. This provides as much information as possible on the work organisations are undertaking to engage those aged 30 or below with the Antarctic.

There were no obvious limitations to the timeline in Appendix 3.

4. What we found

There are a large number of organisations working hard to engage youth in the Antarctic. However, there is currently no youth organisation able to provide an independent youth voice on this important topic. There is clearly a role for the NZAYC and a wide group of other stakeholders who may be interested in partnering with the council to achieve shared goals.

We hope this will provide a useful resource for the NZAYC and others to explore ways to engage and inform youth about the Antarctic.

* See the Antarctic Timeline on the NZAYC and the McGuinness Institute’s website: http://antarcticyouthnz.org/?page_id=98 and http://www.mcguinnessinstitute.org/Site/Timelines/The_Antarctic/The_Antarctic_Timeline_.aspx respectively.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 3

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

Table 1: New Zealand-based organisations involved with the Antarctic

1. Air New Zealand2. Antarctic Environments Portal3. Antarctic Heritage Trust4. Antarctica New Zealand5. Antarctic Research Centre (ARC) (Victoria University of Wellington)6. Department of Conservation (DOC)7. Enderby Trust 8. Environmental Conservation Organisations of Aotearoa New Zealand (ECO)9. Forest and Bird10. Gateway Antarctica (University of Canterbury)11. GNS Sciences: DrillNZ12. International Antarctic Centre13. International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research (ICTAR) (University of Waikato)14. Landcare Research15. Land Information New Zealand (LINZ)16. Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE): National Science Challenges: Sustainable Seas National Science Challenges: The Deep South 17. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT)18. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA)19. New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NZARI)20. New Zealand Antarctic Society21. NZ IceFest22. Polar Environment Research Theme (PERT) (University of Otago)23. Snow and Ice Research Group New Zealand (SIRG)24. The Morgan Foundation: Our Far South Project25. The Sir Peter Blake Trust26. World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) New Zealand

Table 2: International organisations involved with the Antarctic partially operating in New Zealand

1. ANDRILL: Antarctic Geological Drilling (ANDRILL)2. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC)3. Antarctic Oceans Alliance (AOA)4. Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC)5. Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS)6. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)7. Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP)8. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 9. Polar Educators International (PEI)

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 4

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

Abbreviations

ACE CRC Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research CentreANDRILL Antarctic Geological Drilling

AOA Antarctic Oceans AllianceAPECS Association of Polar Early Career ScientistsARC The Antarctic Research CentreASOC Antarctic and Southern Ocean CoalitionBAE1 The first Byrd Antarctic ExpeditionBAE2 The second Byrd Antarctic ExpeditionBANZARE The British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research ExpeditionCCAMLR Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living ResourcesCEP Antarctic Treaty System’s Committee for Environmental ProtectionCoEnCo New Zealand Conference on Environment and ConservationCOMNAP Council of Managers of National Antarctic ProgramsCRI Crown Research InstituteCRP Cape Roberts ProjectDOC Department of ConservationDSIR The Department of Scientific and Industrial ResearchECO Environmental Conservation Organisations of Aotearoa New ZealandGNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences LimitedICSU International Council for ScienceICTAR International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic ResearchIGY International Geophysical YearJARPA II The second Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the AntarcticKCC The Kiwi Conservation ClubLINZ Land Information New ZealandMBIE Ministry of Business, Innovation and EmploymentMoE Ministry of EducationMFAT Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TradeMPI Ministry for Primary IndustriesMYD Ministry of Youth DevelopmentNIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research LtdNGO Non-governmental organisationNZAM The New Zealand Antarctic MedalNZARI New Zealand Antarctic Research InstituteNZARP New Zealand Antarctic Research ProgrammeNZAS The New Zealand Antarctic SocietyNZAYC New Zealand Antarctic Youth CouncilNZGSAE The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic ExpeditionNZTABS New Zealand Terrestrial Antarctic Biocomplexity SurveyPCAS The Postgraduate Certificate in Antarctic Studies, University of CanterburyPEI Polar Educators International

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 5

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

PERT Polar Environment Research ThemeUSSR The Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsRDRC Ross Dependency Research CommitteeRNZAF The Royal New Zealand Air ForceSCAR The Scientific Committee on Antarctic ResearchSIRG Snow and Ice Research Group New ZealandSMO Science Management OfficeTAE Trans-Antarctic ExpeditionTEAL Tasman Empire AirwaysWWF World Wildlife Fund for Nature

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 6

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

Tabl

e 1:

New

Zea

land

bas

ed o

rgan

isatio

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volv

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ith th

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gem

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outh

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im

pact

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with

our

en

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on

the

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for s

ever

al y

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avel

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d ed

ucati

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gra

nts f

or A

ntar

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scie

ntist

s. In

20

12 w

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rmal

ly si

gned

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thre

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ar

part

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hip

with

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ew Z

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nd a

nd

the

New

Zea

land

Ant

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sear

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te

(NZA

RI).

Thro

ugh

this

part

ners

hip

we

are

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senti

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sear

ch o

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rovi

des a

gre

ater

und

erst

andi

ng

of A

ntar

ctica

and

the

impa

cts o

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ate

chan

ge.’2

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whe

n Ta

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mite

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was

re

nam

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Zeal

and.

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haw

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366

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late

201

3, A

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nd

laun

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i ‘o

utdo

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cted

from

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plic

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oss 5

2 co

untr

ies t

o tr

avel

to A

ntar

ctica

on

assig

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ir N

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arli

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dep

loye

d to

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arcti

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Ja

nuar

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14, w

here

they

spen

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o w

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ass

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phic

pho

togr

aphe

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on

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cap

ture

life

on

the

ice

and

to h

elp

draw

wor

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ide

atten

tion

to sc

ienti

fic re

sear

ch a

nd th

e en

viro

nmen

t in

Anta

rctic

a.’3

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 7

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

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‘The

Ant

arcti

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ts P

orta

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s an

impo

rtan

t lin

k be

twee

n An

tarc

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ienc

e an

d An

tarc

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olic

y. T

he P

orta

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info

rmati

on a

vaila

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tarc

tic

Trea

ty S

yste

m's

Com

mitt

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r Env

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enta

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(CEP

) and

all

the

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aty

natio

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he in

form

ation

in th

e Po

rtal

is th

ere

to su

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CEP

in it

s dev

elop

men

t of

advi

ce a

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com

men

datio

ns to

the

Anta

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Tr

eaty

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sulta

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Parti

es o

n en

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prot

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l also

ena

bles

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c sc

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par

ticul

arly

thro

ugh

SCAR

, to

prov

ide

inde

pend

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aty

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brin

g ne

w o

r em

ergi

ng is

sues

to th

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entio

n of

pol

icy

mak

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4

2014

.

The

full

vers

ion

is to

be

laun

ched

in

201

5.5

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nsur

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ve fo

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nefit

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tions

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ple

thro

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d w

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dven

ture

, disc

over

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d en

dura

nce.

’6

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itage

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st A

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h Am

bass

ador

pro

gram

me.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 8

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

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ent w

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e Cr

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Entit

y re

spon

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for d

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Gov

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in A

ntar

ctica

and

the

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hern

O

cean

, in

parti

cula

r the

Ros

s Dep

ende

ncy.

W

e m

anag

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ott B

ase,

New

Zea

land

’s An

tarc

tic re

sear

ch st

ation

. We

mai

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n N

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eala

nd’s

oper

ation

al p

rese

nce

in th

e Ro

ss D

epen

denc

y fo

r the

ben

efit o

f pre

sent

an

d fu

ture

gen

erati

ons o

f New

Zea

land

ers.

Ke

y ac

tiviti

es in

clud

e su

ppor

ting

scie

ntific

re

sear

ch, c

onse

rvin

g th

e in

trin

sic v

alue

s of

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rctic

a an

d th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

and

raisi

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ic a

war

enes

s (in

par

t thr

ough

art

s, m

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d yo

uth

prog

ram

mes

) of t

he in

tern

ation

al

signi

fican

ce o

f the

con

tinen

t.’7

1996

Anta

rctic

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ew Z

eala

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tion

Build

ing

Inte

rnati

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Ant

arcti

c Ce

ntre

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oad

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t.nz

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e Po

stgr

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te R

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signe

d to

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sear

cher

s to

purs

ue

inte

rest

s in

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rctic

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d th

e So

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cean

. The

scho

lars

hips

su

ppor

t mas

ter’s

or d

octo

ral

rese

arch

and

logi

stica

l sup

port

for

one

or tw

o se

ason

s in

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rctic

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(The

Sch

olar

ship

Pro

gram

me

is su

ppor

ted

by A

ntar

ctica

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d, K

elly

Tar

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arcti

c En

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ter a

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nder

wat

er W

orld

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d N

ew Z

eala

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• An

tarc

tica

New

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n as

soci

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ir Pe

ter B

lake

Tru

st A

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bass

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pro

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me.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 9

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

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eala

nd Y

outh

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tic

Rese

arch

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ntre

(ARC

)(V

icto

ria

Uni

vers

ity o

f W

ellin

gton

)

‘Our

miss

ion

is to

bett

er u

nder

stan

d An

tarc

tic

clim

ate

hist

ory

and

proc

esse

s, a

nd th

eir

influ

ence

on

the

glob

al c

limat

e sy

stem

, es

peci

ally

in N

ew Z

eala

nd a

nd th

e so

uthw

est

Paci

fic re

gion

.W

e be

lieve

this

rese

arch

ope

ns u

p ex

citin

g op

port

uniti

es a

nd c

halle

nges

for y

oung

sc

ienti

sts,

as w

ell a

s pro

vidi

ng a

soun

d ba

sis fo

r int

erna

tiona

l deb

ate

and

polic

y de

velo

pmen

t on

glob

al c

hang

e iss

ues.’

8

1972

Anta

rctic

Res

earc

h Ce

ntre

Vict

oria

Uni

vers

ity o

f W

ellin

gton

PO B

ox 6

00W

ellin

gton

614

0N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: +

64 4

463

658

7w

ww

.vic

toria

.ac.

nz/

anta

rctic

• Th

e AR

C st

aff a

nd st

uden

ts

unde

rtak

e va

rious

acti

vitie

s to

prom

ote

inte

rest

and

rese

arch

in

the

Anta

rctic

, inc

ludi

ng y

outh

-fo

cuse

d ac

tiviti

es. T

hese

cov

er:

• ta

lks t

o th

e pu

blic

, com

mun

ity

grou

ps a

nd sc

hool

s;•

annu

al K

ids C

onfe

renc

es;

• an

nual

S.T.

Lee

Lec

ture

s in

Anta

rctic

stud

ies;

• pa

rtici

patio

n in

NZ

IceF

est;

• In

tern

ation

al P

olar

Yea

r ou

trea

ch p

rogr

amm

es;

• AN

DRIL

L ou

trea

ch

prog

ram

mes

; and

• An

tarc

tic c

limat

e ch

ange

do

cum

enta

ry fi

lms

(e.g

. Thi

n Ic

e).

• Th

e Ce

ntre

also

supp

orts

stud

ents

re

sear

chin

g an

d st

udyi

ng A

ntar

ctica

as

par

t of i

ts ro

le a

s a U

nive

rsity

Re

sear

ch C

entr

e.

6De

part

men

t of

Cons

erva

tion

(DO

C)

‘Our

pur

pose

is:

Cons

erva

tion

lead

ersh

ip fo

r a p

rosp

erou

s New

Ze

alan

dBy

“pr

ospe

rous

New

Zea

land

” w

e m

ean

a co

untr

y th

at is

flou

rishi

ng so

cial

ly,

econ

omic

ally

and

env

ironm

enta

lly.’9

1987

Wha

re K

aupa

pa A

taw

hai /

Co

nser

vatio

n Ho

use

18–3

2 M

anne

rs S

tree

tW

ellin

gton

601

1N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: +

64 4

471

072

6w

ww

.doc

.gov

t.nz

• DO

C ru

ns v

olun

teer

opp

ortu

nitie

s in

the

Suba

ntar

ctic

Isla

nds.

The

se

are

not a

imed

at y

outh

spec

ifica

lly

but c

ould

be

utilis

ed b

y yo

uth.

• Th

e Su

bant

arcti

c Sc

ribe

new

slette

r in

form

s rea

ders

abo

ut D

OC’

s wor

k in

the

suba

ntar

ctic.

Aga

in, t

his i

s no

t you

th fo

cuse

d bu

t can

info

rm

yout

h if

they

subs

crib

e.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 10

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

7En

derb

y Tr

ust

‘End

erby

Tru

st w

orks

in c

onju

nctio

n w

ith

New

Zea

land

’s pr

emie

r exp

editi

on tr

avel

co

mpa

ny, H

erita

ge E

xped

ition

s, to

offe

r sc

hola

rshi

p po

sition

s abo

ard

expe

ditio

ns

to th

e Su

bant

arcti

c Is

land

s and

Ant

arcti

ca

aboa

rd th

e Sp

irit o

f End

erby

and

Aka

dem

ik

Shok

alsk

iy. E

nder

by T

rust

was

foun

ded

by th

e Ru

ss F

amily

kno

win

g th

e op

port

uniti

es fo

r yo

ung

peop

le to

visi

t the

se re

gion

s are

lim

ited

but b

elie

ving

it is

vita

lly im

port

ant t

hat y

oung

pe

ople

exp

erie

nce

this

amaz

ing

regi

on. T

he

Trus

tees

hop

e sc

hola

rshi

p pa

rtici

pant

s will

sh

are

thei

r exp

erie

nces

and

ent

husia

sm w

ith

othe

r peo

ple

and

grow

the

awar

enes

s of t

he

Sout

hern

Oce

an a

nd A

ntar

ctica

.’10

1998

Ende

rby

Trus

t P.O

. Box

721

8 Ch

ristc

hurc

h 82

40N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: N

ot li

sted

. En

derb

y Tr

ust s

chol

arsh

ips

are

arra

nged

with

He

ritag

e Ex

pedi

tions

w

hose

pho

ne n

umbe

r is

+64

3 36

5 35

00.

ww

w.h

erita

ge-e

xped

ition

s.co

m

• Sc

hola

rshi

ps a

re o

pen

to a

pplic

ants

be

twee

n th

e ag

es o

f 18

and

30

who

wou

ld o

ther

wise

be

unab

le

to tr

avel

to th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

to

trav

el w

ith H

erita

ge E

xped

ition

s to

the

Suba

ntar

ctic

Isla

nds a

nd

Anta

rctic

a ab

oard

the

Spiri

t of

Ende

rby.

Suc

cess

ful a

pplic

ants

fo

r the

scho

lars

hips

are

exp

ecte

d to

mak

e a

cont

ributi

on to

the

expe

ditio

n co

st. T

his e

quat

es to

30

% o

f the

adv

ertis

ed c

ost o

f th

e ex

pedi

tion;

End

erby

Tru

st

cont

ribut

es th

e re

mai

ning

70%

plu

s ap

plic

able

gov

ernm

ent l

andi

ng

fees

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 11

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

8En

viro

nmen

tal

Cons

erva

tion

Org

anisa

tions

of

Aot

earo

a N

ew Z

eala

nd

(ECO

)

‘ECO

- N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

natio

nal n

etw

ork

wor

king

to p

rote

ct o

ur e

nviro

nmen

t. EC

O w

orks

to p

rote

ct N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

uniq

ue

natu

ral h

erita

ge a

nd to

fost

er th

e re

latio

nshi

p N

ew Z

eala

nder

s hav

e w

ith it

. The

nat

ural

en

viro

nmen

t is c

entr

al to

our

cul

ture

, ec

onom

y an

d id

entit

y. E

CO a

cts t

o pr

otec

t it

for r

ecre

ation

, for

its i

ntrin

sic q

ualit

y an

d fo

r ou

r chi

ldre

n an

d gr

andc

hild

ren

to e

njoy

.W

e st

rive

to e

mpo

wer

and

info

rm p

eopl

e to

w

ork

for b

etter

man

agem

ent a

nd p

rote

ction

of

New

Zea

land

’s fo

rest

s, c

oast

s, se

a, ri

vers

, la

nd, a

tmos

pher

e an

d ou

r uni

que

spec

ies.

ECO

is a

net

wor

k of

fifty

-plu

s lar

ge a

nd sm

all

envi

ronm

enta

l org

anisa

tions

bas

ed a

ll ar

ound

N

ew Z

eala

nd, a

s wel

l as s

ever

al h

undr

ed

indi

vidu

al F

riend

s. T

he c

ore

of E

CO’s

wor

k is

prom

oting

and

stre

ngth

enin

g co

mm

unity

en

viro

nmen

tal a

ction

, and

wor

king

co

llabo

rativ

ely

tow

ards

bett

er g

over

nmen

t po

licie

s and

man

agem

ent d

ecisi

ons.

ECO

also

w

orks

on

glob

al is

sues

such

as c

limat

e ch

ange

, An

tarc

tica,

and

oce

ans.’

11

Foun

ded

in 1

971

as

the

New

Ze

alan

d Co

nfer

ence

on

En

viro

nmen

t an

d co

nser

vatio

n (C

oEnC

o).

Rena

med

EC

O in

19

76.

Envi

ronm

ent a

nd

Cons

erva

tion

Org

anisa

tions

of A

otea

roa

New

Zea

land

(ECO

)Le

vel 2

126

Vivi

an S

t W

ellin

gton

601

1N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: +

64 4

385

754

5 w

ww

.eco

.org

.nz

• N

o di

rect

eng

agem

ent w

ith N

ew

Zeal

and

yout

h is

spec

ified

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 12

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

9Fo

rest

and

Bird

‘Orig

inal

ly e

stab

lishe

d to

pro

tect

our

nati

ve

fore

sts a

nd b

irds,

our

role

has

bee

n ex

tend

ed

in re

cent

yea

rs to

incl

ude

prot

ectio

n of

all

nativ

e sp

ecie

s and

wild

pla

ces –

on

land

and

in

our o

cean

s, la

kes a

nd ri

vers

.’11

1923

Fore

st a

nd B

ird C

entr

al

Offi

ce

Leve

l One

90 G

huzn

ee S

tree

t PO

Box

631

Wel

lingt

on 6

140

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64

4 38

5 73

74w

ww

.fore

stan

dbird

.org

.nz

• Fo

rest

and

Bird

runs

var

ious

vo

lunt

eer o

ppor

tuni

ties w

hich

are

op

en to

you

th to

par

ticip

ate

in.

Thes

e ar

e lim

ited

in te

rms o

f the

ir su

bant

arcti

c ac

tiviti

es, w

hich

focu

s on

mar

ine

rese

rves

and

mar

ine

mam

mal

sanc

tuar

ies f

or se

a lio

ns

arou

nd th

e Su

bant

arcti

c Is

land

s.•

The

Kiw

i Con

serv

ation

Clu

b (K

CC)

run

by F

ores

t and

Bird

eng

ages

with

ch

ildre

n ag

ed 3

–13

year

s. T

hey

do n

ot h

ave

a sp

ecifi

c gr

oup

for

yout

h ab

ove

the

age

of 1

3. T

he K

CC

incl

uded

a v

isit t

o th

e AR

C fo

r KCC

m

embe

rs in

the

past

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 13

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

10Ga

tew

ay

Anta

rctic

a (U

nive

rsity

of

Cant

erbu

ry)

‘Gat

eway

Ant

arcti

ca w

ill c

ontr

ibut

e to

in

crea

sed

unde

rsta

ndin

g an

d m

ore

effec

tive

man

agem

ent o

f the

Ant

arcti

c an

d th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

by

bein

g a

foca

l poi

nt a

nd a

ca

taly

st fo

r Ant

arcti

c sc

hola

rshi

p, a

ttra

cting

na

tiona

l and

inte

rnati

onal

par

ticip

ation

in

colla

bora

tive

rese

arch

, ana

lysis

, lea

rnin

g an

d ne

twor

king

.’13

1999

Gate

way

Ant

arcti

caU

nive

rsity

of C

ante

rbur

yPr

ivat

e Ba

g 48

00

Chris

tchu

rch

8140

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 3

364

213

6w

ww

.ant

a.ca

nter

bury

.ac

.nz

• As

par

t of C

ante

rbur

y U

nive

rsity

, Ga

tew

ay A

ntar

ctica

supp

orts

te

achi

ng o

f stu

dent

s and

the

publ

ic. T

here

is n

o sp

ecifi

catio

n to

war

ds y

outh

as s

uch

beyo

nd a

co

mm

itmen

t to:

Enco

urag

ing

and

coor

dina

ting

Anta

rctic

and

Sou

ther

n O

cean

teac

hing

, sem

inar

s,

publ

icati

ons,

pre

sent

ation

s,

post

grad

uate

cou

rses

, co

nfer

ence

s and

visi

ting

scho

lars

(inc

ludi

ng E

rski

ne).

• Th

e Po

stgr

adua

te C

ertifi

cate

in

Ant

arcti

c St

udie

s (PC

AS)

grad

uate

cer

tifica

te c

ours

e in

clud

es a

fiel

d tr

ip to

An

tarc

tica

and

is a

com

mon

w

ay fo

r you

ng N

ew Z

eala

nder

s to

gai

n An

tarc

tic e

xper

ienc

e.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 14

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

11GN

S Sc

ienc

es:

Drill

NZ

‘Dril

lNZ

is an

initi

ative

of s

ever

al N

ew Z

eala

nd

Uni

vers

ities

and

Cro

wn

Rese

arch

Insti

tute

s (C

RIs)

aim

ed a

t coo

rdin

ating

effo

rts/

reso

urce

s in

the

field

of s

cien

tific

drill

ing.

Drill

ing

inve

stiga

tes t

opic

s of s

ocie

tal a

nd

econ

omic

sign

ifica

nce,

such

as r

esea

rch

into

gro

undw

ater

, ene

rgy,

petr

oleu

m, c

oal,

unde

rwat

er n

atur

al re

sour

ces,

and

haz

ards

.O

ur m

ain

purp

oses

are

to g

ener

ate

syne

rgie

s ac

ross

insti

tute

s, sti

mul

ate

exch

ange

of i

deas

an

d ex

perti

se, c

ompi

le n

ation

al in

vent

orie

s of

equi

pmen

t, da

taba

ses,

and

peo

ple

invo

lved

in

scie

ntific

dril

ling,

and

cre

ate

clos

er li

nks a

nd

oppo

rtun

ities

bet

wee

n go

vern

men

t, in

dust

ry,

and

acad

emia

.’14

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

GNS

Scie

nce

1 Fa

irway

Driv

e Av

alon

501

0PO

Box

30-

368

Lo

wer

Hutt

504

0N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: +

64 4

570

144

4htt

p://

drill

.gns

.cri.

nz

• N

o di

rect

eng

agem

ent w

ith

New

Zea

land

you

th is

spec

ified

.

12In

tern

ation

al

Anta

rctic

Ce

ntre

‘Exp

erie

nce

the

won

der a

nd m

agic

of

Anta

rctic

a w

ithou

t lea

ving

Chr

istch

urch

, at

one

of N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

best

, aw

ard

win

ning

to

urist

att

racti

ons.’

15

1992

Inte

rnati

onal

Ant

arcti

c Ce

ntre

38 O

rcha

rd R

oad

Chris

tchu

rch

Airp

ort 8

053

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 3

357

051

9w

ww

.iceb

erg.

co.n

z

• Th

e Ce

ntre

is o

pen

to th

e pu

blic

as

an a

ttra

ction

for a

ll ag

es.

• Th

e Ce

ntre

runs

edu

catio

n pr

ogra

mm

es w

hich

cat

er fo

r pr

imar

y, se

cond

ary,

terti

ary,

inte

rnati

onal

stud

ent g

roup

s, sp

orts

te

ams o

r com

mun

ity g

roup

s.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 15

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

13In

tern

ation

al

Cent

re fo

r Te

rres

tria

l An

tarc

tic

Rese

arch

(IC

TAR)

(Uni

vers

ity o

f W

aika

to)

‘Our

miss

ion

is to

pro

mot

e th

e pr

otec

tion

of

Anta

rctic

a th

roug

h in

tegr

ated

inte

rnati

onal

re

sear

ch in

to A

ntar

ctic

terr

estr

ial e

cosy

stem

s as

surin

g N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

conti

nued

lead

ersh

ip

in th

is ar

ea.’16

Not

spec

ified

. 20

08/2

009

is im

plie

d (a

fter t

he fi

rst

New

Zea

land

Te

rres

tria

l An

tarc

tic

Bioc

ompl

exity

Su

rvey

(N

ZTAB

S)

proj

ect)

.17

ICTA

R c/

o Pr

of. C

raig

Car

yDe

part

men

t of B

iolo

gica

l Sc

ienc

esU

nive

rsity

of W

aika

toPr

ivat

e Ba

g 31

05Ha

milt

on 3

240

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 7

838

459

3 (P

rof.

Crai

g Ca

ry)

ww

w.ic

tar.a

q

• N

one

spec

ified

, alth

ough

the

Cent

re d

oes o

ffer p

ublic

talk

s w

ithin

the

Ham

ilton

are

a up

on

requ

est,

whi

ch c

ould

be

utilis

ed b

y sc

hool

s or y

outh

gro

ups.

14La

ndca

re

Rese

arch

‘Lan

dcar

e Re

sear

ch’s

purp

ose

is to

driv

e in

nova

tion

in N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

man

agem

ent

of te

rres

tria

l bio

dive

rsity

and

land

reso

urce

s in

ord

er to

bot

h pr

otec

t and

enh

ance

the

terr

estr

ial e

nviro

nmen

t and

gro

w

New

Zea

land

’s pr

ospe

rity

… L

andc

are

Rese

arch

w

ill w

ork

with

oth

er re

sear

ch p

rovi

ders

and

en

d-us

ers t

o co

ntrib

ute

to th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

the

follo

win

g ar

eas:

• bi

osec

urity

, lan

d, so

il an

d fr

eshw

ater

m

anag

emen

t•

clim

ate

chan

ge a

dapt

ation

and

miti

gatio

n•

indu

stry

and

bus

ines

s env

ironm

enta

l pe

rfor

man

ce, i

nclu

ding

ver

ifica

tion

• in

dige

nous

fore

stry

• ur

ban

envi

ronm

ents

• An

tarc

tica.

’18

1992

Land

care

Res

earc

h He

ad

Offi

ceGe

rald

Str

eet

Linc

oln

7608

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 3

321

999

9w

ww

.land

care

rese

arch

.co

.nz

• La

ndca

re R

esea

rch

prov

ides

te

achi

ng re

sour

ces,

incl

udin

g in

form

ation

on

Anta

rctic

a an

d in

pa

rticu

lar A

délie

pen

guin

s.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 16

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

15La

nd

Info

rmati

on

New

Zea

land

(L

INZ)

LIN

Z is

a N

ew Z

eala

nd g

over

nmen

t de

part

men

t res

pons

ible

for l

and

title

s,

geod

etic

and

cada

stra

l sur

vey

syst

ems,

to

pogr

aphi

c in

form

ation

, hyd

rogr

aphi

c in

form

ation

, man

agin

g Cr

own

prop

erty

and

a

varie

ty o

f oth

er fu

nctio

ns.

LIN

Z’s p

urpo

se is

to:

mai

ntai

n an

d bu

ild c

onfid

ence

in p

rope

rty

right

s in

land

and

geo

grap

hic

info

rmati

on, a

nden

cour

age

land

info

rmati

on m

arke

ts to

de

velo

p an

d m

atur

e.’19

‘LIN

Z su

ppor

ts N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

role

in th

e Ro

ss

Sea

regi

on o

f Ant

arcti

ca a

nd th

e Pa

cific

regi

on

thro

ugh

its w

ork

in p

lace

nam

ing,

surv

eyin

g,

and

prov

idin

g m

aps a

nd c

hart

s and

geo

detic

in

form

ation

.’20

1996

LIN

Z Le

vel 7

, Rad

io N

ew

Zeal

and

Hous

e15

5 Th

e Te

rrac

ePO

Box

550

1W

ellin

gton

614

5N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: +

64 4

460

011

0w

ww

.linz

.gov

t.nz

• N

one

spec

ified

.

16M

inist

ry o

f Bu

sines

s,

Inno

vatio

n an

d Em

ploy

men

t (M

BIE)

:N

ation

al

Scie

nce

Chal

leng

es:

Sust

aina

ble

Seas

‘The

aim

of t

he S

usta

inab

le S

eas N

ation

al

Scie

nce

Chal

leng

e is

to e

nhan

ce u

se o

f N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

vast

mar

ine

reso

urce

s, w

hile

en

surin

g th

at o

ur m

arin

e en

viro

nmen

t is

unde

rsto

od, c

ared

for,

and

used

wise

ly fo

r the

be

nefit

of a

ll, n

ow a

nd in

the

futu

re.

This

requ

ires a

new

way

of m

anag

ing

the

man

y us

es o

f our

mar

ine

reso

urce

s tha

t co

mbi

nes t

he a

spira

tions

and

exp

erie

nce

of M

āori,

com

mun

ities

, and

indu

stry

with

th

e ev

iden

ce o

f sci

entifi

c re

sear

ch to

tr

ansf

orm

New

Zea

land

into

a w

orld

-lead

er in

su

stai

nabl

e m

arin

e ec

onom

ic d

evel

opm

ent.’

21

2014

No

cont

act a

ddre

ss g

iven

.

Phon

e: N

ot li

sted

.w

ww

.sus

tain

able

seas

chal

l en

ge.c

o.nz

MBI

E15

Sto

ut S

tree

tW

ellin

gton

614

0N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: +

64 4

901

149

9w

ww

.mbi

e.go

vt.n

z

• ‘A

pub

lic e

ngag

emen

t str

ateg

y w

ill b

e de

velo

ped

inco

rpor

ating

th

e vi

ews,

nee

ds, a

nd a

ttitu

des o

f ap

prop

riate

stak

ehol

ders

, Māo

ri,

educ

ator

s, m

edia

, and

the

publ

ic.

Durin

g th

is pr

oces

s the

scie

nce

will

be

cent

re st

age,

but

will

be

disc

usse

d an

d de

bate

d op

enly

and

ho

nest

ly.’22

• N

o di

rect

eng

agem

ent w

ith

New

Zea

land

you

th is

spec

ified

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 17

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

17M

inist

ry o

f Bu

sines

s,

Inno

vatio

n an

d Em

ploy

men

t (M

BIE)

: N

ation

al

Scie

nce

Chal

leng

es:

The

Deep

So

uth

‘The

miss

ion

of th

e De

ep S

outh

Nati

onal

Sc

ienc

e Ch

alle

nge

is to

tran

sfor

m th

e w

ay

New

Zea

land

ers a

dapt

, man

age

risk,

and

th

rive

in a

cha

ngin

g cl

imat

e.W

orki

ng w

ith c

omm

uniti

es a

nd in

dust

ry w

e w

ill b

ring

toge

ther

new

rese

arch

app

roac

hes

to d

eter

min

e th

e im

pact

s of a

cha

ngin

g cl

imat

e on

our

clim

ate-

sens

itive

eco

nom

ic

sect

ors,

infr

astr

uctu

re a

nd n

atur

al re

sour

ces

to g

uide

pla

nnin

g an

d po

licy.

This

will

be

unde

rpin

ned

by im

prov

ed

know

ledg

e an

d ob

serv

ation

s of c

limat

e pr

oces

ses i

n th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

and

An

tarc

tica

- our

Dee

p So

uth

- and

will

incl

ude

deve

lopm

ent o

f a w

orld

-cla

ss e

arth

syst

ems

mod

el to

pre

dict

Aot

earo

a/N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

clim

ate.

’23

2014

No

cont

act a

ddre

ss g

iven

.

Phon

e: N

ot li

sted

.w

ww

.dee

psou

thch

alle

nge.

co.n

z

MBI

E15

Sto

ut S

tree

tW

ellin

gton

614

0N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: +

64 4

901

149

9w

ww

.mbi

e.go

vt.n

z

• ‘A

pub

lic e

ngag

emen

t str

ateg

y w

ill b

e de

velo

ped

inco

rpor

ating

th

e vi

ews,

nee

ds, a

nd a

ttitu

des o

f ap

prop

riate

stak

ehol

ders

, Māo

ri,

educ

ator

s, m

edia

, and

the

publ

ic.

Durin

g th

is pr

oces

s the

scie

nce

will

be

cent

re st

age,

but

will

be

disc

usse

d an

d de

bate

d op

enly

and

ho

nest

ly.’24

• N

o di

rect

eng

agem

ent w

ith N

ew

Zeal

and

yout

h is

spec

ified

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 18

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

18N

ew Z

eala

nd

Min

istry

of

Fore

ign

Affai

rs

and

Trad

e (M

FAT)

‘The

Min

istry

of F

orei

gn A

ffairs

and

Tra

de is

th

e go

vern

men

t age

ncy

resp

onsib

le fo

r N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

over

all i

nter

ests

in A

ntar

ctica

an

d th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

. It:

• co

ordi

nate

s pol

icy

advi

ce to

the

Gove

rnm

ent o

n An

tarc

tica

and

the

Sout

hern

Oce

an in

clud

ing

the

Ross

De

pend

ency

;•

purs

ues N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

inte

rest

s in

the

Anta

rctic

Tre

aty

Syst

em;

• co

nduc

ts N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

rela

tions

with

ot

her c

ount

ries i

n re

spec

t of A

ntar

ctica

;•

advi

ses t

he M

inist

er o

f For

eign

Affa

irs

on th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e An

tarc

tica

(Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

tecti

on) A

ct 1

994,

in

clud

ing

deve

lopi

ng c

lear

pro

cedu

res

for t

ouris

ts, t

our o

pera

tors

and

non

-go

vern

men

tal v

isito

rs to

Ant

arcti

ca;

• ad

vise

s on

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Anta

rctic

Mar

ine

Livi

ng R

esou

rces

Act

19

81 w

ith th

e M

inist

ry fo

r Prim

ary

Indu

strie

s (M

PI).’

28

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

MFA

T 19

5 La

mbt

on Q

uay

Wel

lingt

on

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 4

439

800

0w

ww

.mfa

t.gov

t.nz

• N

one

spec

ified

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 19

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

19N

ation

al

Insti

tute

of

Wat

er a

nd

Atm

osph

eric

Re

sear

ch Lt

d(N

IWA)

‘NIW

A’s m

issio

n is

to c

ondu

ct le

adin

g en

viro

nmen

tal s

cien

ce to

ena

ble

the

sust

aina

ble

man

agem

ent o

f nat

ural

reso

urce

s fo

r New

Zea

land

and

the

plan

et.’

1992

NIW

A41

Mar

ket P

lace

Viad

uct H

arbo

urAu

ckla

nd C

entr

al 1

010

Priv

ate

Bag

9994

0N

ewm

arke

t Au

ckla

nd 1

149

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 9

375

205

0w

ww

.niw

a.co

.nz

• Th

e NI

WA

Inte

racti

ve R

oom

at K

elly

Ta

rlton

’s Aq

uariu

m in

Auc

klan

d w

as

open

ed to

the

publ

ic in

200

5. T

he

room

pro

vide

s int

erac

tive

activ

ities

fo

r chi

ldre

n ag

ed 5

–10

on m

arin

e bi

odiv

ersit

y an

d ec

osys

tem

s, fo

cusin

g on

bot

h th

e oc

ean

and

Anta

rctic

en

viro

nmen

ts. O

ver 6

0,00

0 ch

ildre

n vi

sit th

e ro

om e

ach

year

– m

ost a

s par

t of

org

anise

d sc

hool

trip

s.•

NIW

A su

ppor

ts th

ree

post

grad

uate

ce

ntre

s of e

xcel

lenc

e to

attr

act t

he

best

stud

ents

and

trai

n th

em a

t po

stgr

adua

te le

vel (

PhD

and

MSc

) in

area

s of g

row

ing

dem

and.

• NI

WA

and

the

MPI

are

offe

ring

post

grad

uate

scho

lars

hips

for

mas

ter’s

deg

ree

stud

ents

in th

e fie

ld

of q

uanti

tativ

e fis

herie

s scie

nce,

pa

rticu

larly

stoc

k as

sess

men

t mod

ellin

g an

d un

derg

radu

ate

scho

lars

hips

to

stud

ents

inte

rest

ed in

a d

oubl

e m

ajor

in

mat

hem

atics

or s

tatis

tics c

ombi

ned

with

bio

logy

or m

arin

e bi

olog

y.•

NIW

A co

llabo

rate

s dire

ctly

with

te

ache

rs th

roug

h its

invo

lvem

ent w

ith

the

Roya

l Soc

iety

of N

ew Z

eala

nd

Teac

hing

Fel

low

s. As

par

t of t

he

prog

ram

me,

teac

her f

ello

ws p

artic

ipat

e in

the

life

of N

IWA

(inclu

ding

fiel

d w

ork)

, eng

age

in d

iscus

sion

and

gene

rally

enh

ance

thei

r scie

nce

skill

s an

d ba

ckgr

ound

. The

y w

ork

on d

efine

d pr

ojec

ts a

nd cr

eate

teac

hing

reso

urce

s an

d ac

tiviti

es to

take

bac

k to

the

class

room

.29

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 20

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

20N

ew Z

eala

nd

Anta

rctic

Re

sear

ch

Insti

tute

(N

ZARI

)

‘NZA

RI p

artn

ers w

ith re

sear

ch a

genc

ies t

o de

velo

p a

glob

al u

nder

stan

ding

of A

ntar

ctica

’s im

pact

s and

vul

nera

bilit

y in

a c

hang

ing

glob

al

clim

ate.

Our

visi

on is

to in

form

indu

stry

, gov

ernm

ent

and

com

mun

ity a

like

so th

at w

e ca

n pl

an

for i

mpa

cts o

f cha

nge

and

whe

re p

ossib

le

miti

gate

them

.O

ur fo

cus i

s Ant

arcti

ca, t

he S

outh

ern

Oce

an

and

the

Sub-

Anta

rctic

. In

parti

cula

r the

Ros

s Se

a Se

ctor

, whe

re th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

reac

hes

its fu

rthe

st so

uth

(85o S)

ben

eath

the

Ross

Ice

Shel

f.’25

2012

New

Zea

land

Ant

arcti

c Re

sear

ch In

stitu

teAd

min

istra

tion

Build

ing

Inte

rnati

onal

Ant

arcti

c Ce

ntre

38 O

rcha

rd R

oad

Chris

tchu

rch

8053

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 3

358

020

0 w

ww

.nza

ri.aq

• N

ZARI

hel

ps A

ntar

ctica

New

Ze

alan

d ad

min

ister

mas

ter’s

and

do

ctor

al sc

hola

rshi

ps a

nd p

rovi

des

supp

ort f

or o

ther

shor

t-ter

m

rese

arch

pro

ject

s (up

to o

ne y

ear i

n du

ratio

n).

21N

ew Z

eala

nd

Anta

rctic

So

ciet

y (N

ZAS)

‘The

Soc

iety

brin

gs to

geth

er p

eopl

e in

tere

sted

in

Ant

arcti

ca, t

o sh

are

know

ledg

e in

the

field

s of

all

scie

nces

, exp

lora

tion,

disc

over

y an

d m

appi

ng o

f Ant

arcti

ca, t

o se

ek p

rote

ction

of

the

Anta

rctic

env

ironm

ent,

and

to p

rom

ote

New

Zea

land

’s in

tere

sts i

n An

tarc

tica.

’26

1933

New

Zea

land

Ant

arcti

c So

ciet

y (In

c)PO

Box

404

Chris

tchu

rch

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: N

ot li

sted

ww

w.a

ntar

ctic.

org.

nz

• Th

e N

ZAS

and

Anta

rctic

a N

ew

Zeal

and

have

ent

ered

into

an

agr

eem

ent t

o pr

ovid

e an

op

port

unity

for t

wo

NZA

S m

embe

rs to

wor

k vo

lunt

arily

at

Scott

Bas

e. [P

leas

e no

te th

ese

are

not n

eces

saril

y yo

uth

desig

nate

d po

sition

s.]

• N

etw

orki

ng o

ppor

tuni

ties f

or y

oung

N

ew Z

eala

nder

s to

hear

abo

ut

Anta

rctic

a in

the

1950

s and

196

0s.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 21

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

22N

Z Ic

eFes

t‘N

Z Ic

eFes

t hig

hlig

hts N

ew Z

eala

nd’s

lead

ersh

ip in

Ant

arcti

ca a

nd th

e So

uthe

rn

Oce

an. T

his u

niqu

e Ch

ristc

hurc

h fe

stiva

l fo

cuse

s the

wor

ld’s

atten

tion

to th

e im

port

ance

of t

he m

yste

rious

con

tinen

t and

its

surr

ound

s. T

hrou

gh c

reati

ve a

nd in

tera

ctive

ex

perie

nces

the

Festi

val b

rings

Ant

arcti

ca to

th

e ge

nera

l pub

lic, t

he A

ntar

ctic

com

mun

ity

and

inte

rnati

onal

visi

tors

.Go

als:

1.

Hi

ghlig

ht a

nd v

alue

the

impo

rtan

ce o

f An

tarc

tica

and

the

Sout

hern

Oce

an to

N

ew Z

eala

nd a

nd th

e W

orld

.2.

Hi

ghlig

ht h

ow c

limat

e ch

ange

will

aff

ect N

ew Z

eala

nder

s and

the

glob

al

publ

ic, m

akin

g th

e iss

ue a

cces

sible

to

all,

ena

blin

g ch

ange

on

a pe

rson

al,

com

mun

ity, o

rgan

isatio

nal a

nd p

olic

y le

vel.

3.

Esta

blish

NZ

IceF

est a

s the

key

out

reac

h ve

hicl

e fo

r our

Ant

arcti

c pa

rtne

rs a

nd

prov

ide

wor

ld-c

lass

pub

lic e

ngag

emen

t ex

perie

nces

.4.

En

sure

an

icon

ic, s

usta

inab

le a

nd

inte

rnati

onal

Fes

tival

.5.

Ce

men

t New

Zea

land

as t

he w

orld

’s le

adin

g ‘G

atew

ay to

Ant

arcti

ca’.

6.

Attra

ct n

ation

wid

e an

d in

tern

ation

al

expo

sure

and

visi

tors

to N

ew Z

eala

nd

to c

emen

t the

cou

ntry

as a

pla

ce to

live

, vi

sit a

nd d

o bu

sines

s.’30

2012

NZ

IceF

est

c/o

Even

ts P

rodu

ction

Te

amCh

ristc

hurc

h Ci

ty C

ounc

ilPO

Box

730

14

Chris

tchu

rch

8154

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 3

941

899

9 w

ww

.nzic

efes

t.co.

nz

• Th

e N

Z Ic

eFes

t tag

line

is ‘B

ringi

ng

Anta

rctic

a to

the

Wor

ld’ w

hich

is

not a

ge sp

ecifi

c.

• In

201

4 N

Z Ic

eFes

t par

tner

ed w

ith

the

Ende

rby

Trus

t and

Her

itage

Ex

pedi

tions

to ru

n a

com

petiti

on

for 1

8–30

-yea

r-old

s to

win

a tr

ip

to th

e Su

bant

arcti

c Is

land

s. T

he

com

petiti

on re

quire

d ap

plic

ant t

o su

bmit

a th

ree-

min

ute

vide

o on

the

Sout

hern

Oce

an o

r Sub

anta

rctic

Is

land

s.

• N

Z Ic

eFes

t run

s a ‘S

choo

ls an

d Li

brar

ies E

duca

tion

Prog

ram

me’

in

the

lead

up

to th

e fe

stiva

l. Th

e pr

ogra

mm

e in

clud

es c

ompe

tition

s w

ith p

rizes

, res

ourc

es a

nd

sugg

este

d le

arni

ng o

bjec

tives

for

teac

hers

. •

NZ

IceF

est a

nd C

ante

rbur

y M

useu

m

open

the

exhi

bitio

ns e

spec

ially

for

scho

ols i

n th

e ru

n up

to th

e fe

stiva

l.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 22

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

23Po

lar

Envi

ronm

ent

Rese

arch

Th

eme

(PER

T)(U

nive

rsity

of

Ota

go)

‘Our

goa

l is t

o fo

ster

inte

rdisc

iplin

ary

colla

bora

tion

and

rese

arch

in p

olar

stud

ies

at th

e U

nive

rsity

of O

tago

. In

parti

cula

r, w

e en

cour

age

the

invo

lvem

ent o

f gra

duat

e st

uden

ts a

nd y

oung

rese

arch

ers.

A k

ey

obje

ctive

is to

men

tor e

mer

ging

rese

arch

ers

with

and

inte

rest

in p

olar

stud

ies,

and

pro

vide

th

em w

ith su

ppor

t to

deve

lop

know

ledg

e an

d ne

twor

ks n

ation

ally

and

inte

rnati

onal

ly.’31

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

Pola

r Env

ironm

ent

Rese

arch

The

me

Anta

rctic

Sci

ence

and

M

arin

e En

viro

nmen

ts o

f th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

sU

nive

rsity

of O

tago

PO B

ox 5

6Du

nedi

n, 9

054

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 3

479

830

6 (D

epar

tmen

t of M

arin

e Sc

ienc

e, U

nive

rsity

of

Ota

go)

http:

//po

larr

esea

rch.

otag

o.ac

.nz/

• M

ento

ring

activ

ities

are

en

cour

aged

to su

ppor

t you

ng

rese

arch

ers.

• Th

ree

sum

mer

scho

lars

hips

are

off

ered

to U

nive

rsity

of O

tago

st

uden

ts, t

wo

for $

2,50

0 an

d on

e fo

r $5,

000,

to c

over

10-

wee

ks’ w

ork

on a

ny re

sear

ch p

roje

ct re

leva

nt to

th

e ‘P

olar

Env

ironm

ents

’ the

me.

24Sn

ow a

nd

Ice

Rese

arch

Gr

oup

New

Ze

alan

d (S

IRG)

‘SIR

G is

an a

ssoc

iatio

n of

rese

arch

ers

inte

rest

ed in

cry

osph

eric

obs

erva

tions

and

pr

oces

ses …

SIR

G fo

rms t

he N

ew Z

eala

nd

bran

ch o

f the

Inte

rnati

onal

Gla

ciol

ogic

al

Soci

ety.’

32

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

No

cont

act a

ddre

ss g

iven

.

Phon

e: N

ot li

sted

.w

ww

.sirg

.org

.nz

• N

one

spec

ified

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 23

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

25Th

e M

orga

n Fo

unda

tion:

O

ur F

ar S

outh

Pr

ojec

t

‘The

obj

ectiv

e of

this

proj

ect w

as to

raise

N

ew Z

eala

nder

s’ a

war

enes

s of t

he im

port

ance

of

the

area

bet

wee

n Fo

veau

x St

rait

and

the

Sout

h Po

le, t

o hi

ghlig

ht th

e re

ason

s why

it is

of

such

val

ue a

nd to

out

line

the

thre

ats a

nd

oppo

rtun

ities

. The

mor

e aw

are

New

Zea

land

ers

are

of th

ese

issue

s, th

e m

ore

likel

y ou

r fu

ture

gov

ernm

ents

are

to m

ake

deci

sions

th

at re

flect

an

ongo

ing

com

mitm

ent t

o th

is re

gion

. Spe

cific

ally

; com

mitm

ent t

o pr

eser

ve

the

inte

grity

of t

he e

nviro

nmen

t, re

spec

t the

un

ique

val

ue it

has

for s

cien

tific

prog

ress

, m

inim

ise th

e ch

ance

s of i

ts e

cosy

stem

bei

ng

dest

roye

d by

shor

t ter

m e

xplo

itativ

e ve

ntur

es,

and

mai

ntai

n it

as a

val

ued

desti

natio

n.In

shor

t, w

ithou

t kno

wle

dge

the

publ

ic c

anno

t be

exp

ecte

d to

pro

vide

the

com

mitm

ent

need

ed to

ens

ure

New

Zea

land

gov

ernm

ents

pr

otec

t our

inte

rest

s in

Our

Far

Sou

th.’33

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

The

Mor

gan

Foun

datio

nPO

Box

192

18W

ellin

gton

614

9N

ew Z

eala

nd

Phon

e: +

64 4

385

169

7w

ww

.mor

ganf

ound

ation

.or

g.nz

/far

-sou

th/

• Te

ache

rs w

ere

take

n on

the

voya

ge

sout

h to

try

to b

ring

Anta

rctic

a in

to

clas

sroo

ms i

n N

ew Z

eala

nd.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 24

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

26Th

e Si

r Pet

er

Blak

e Tr

ust

‘Thr

ough

its p

rogr

amm

es th

e Tr

ust s

triv

es to

ho

nour

Sir

Pete

r Bla

ke’s

lega

cy b

y in

spiri

ng

his v

ision

ary

lead

ersh

ip q

ualiti

es in

all

N

ew Z

eala

nder

s and

kee

ping

his

spiri

t and

va

lues

aliv

e fo

r fut

ure

gene

ratio

ns.’34

2004

. Th

e Si

r Pet

er B

lake

Tru

st2n

d Fl

oor,

ASB

Auck

land

20

00 B

uild

ing

Viad

uct H

arbo

ur

Cnr Q

uay

& H

obso

n St

reet

s Au

ckla

nd 1

010

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 9

307

887

5w

ww

.sirp

eter

blak

etru

st.

org

• ‘T

he A

ntar

ctic

Yout

h Am

bass

ador

pr

ogra

mm

e, la

unch

ed in

200

7 an

d ru

n in

ass

ocia

tion

with

Ant

arcti

ca

New

Zea

land

and

the

Anta

rctic

He

ritag

e Tr

ust,

sele

cts t

wo

youn

g N

ew Z

eala

nder

s ann

ually

to

parti

cipa

te in

and

con

trib

ute

to

the

envi

ronm

enta

l and

her

itage

re

stor

ation

wor

k in

Ant

arcti

ca,

and

to e

duca

te o

ther

s thr

ough

th

eir e

xper

ienc

es. I

n do

ing

so, t

his

prog

ram

me

inve

sts i

n th

e fu

ture

of

the

Anta

rctic

env

ironm

ent

by b

uild

ing

capa

bilit

y an

d un

ders

tand

ing

in y

oung

N

ew Z

eala

nder

s.’35

• ‘T

he S

ir Pe

ter B

lake

Tru

st, t

oget

her

with

the

Roya

l New

Zea

land

Nav

y, DO

C, N

ZARI

, NIW

A, th

e M

inist

ry

of E

duca

tion

(MoE

), th

e M

inist

ry

of Y

outh

Dev

elop

men

t (M

YD) a

nd

the

Lion

Fou

ndati

on, u

nder

took

an

expe

ditio

n to

the

Auck

land

Isla

nds

with

12

youn

g N

ew Z

eala

nder

s fr

om 1

0-23

Feb

ruar

y, 20

14. T

he

expe

ditio

ns a

im w

as to

insp

ire

New

Zea

land

ers t

o un

ders

tand

th

e gl

obal

sign

ifica

nce

of th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

and

Sub

-Ant

arcti

c Is

land

s and

the

role

they

pla

y in

un

ders

tand

ing

and

mon

itorin

g th

e eff

ects

of c

limat

e ch

ange

.’36

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 25

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

27W

orld

Wild

life

Fund

for

Nat

ure

(WW

F)

New

Zea

land

‘WW

F’s m

issio

n is

to st

op th

e de

grad

ation

of

the

plan

et’s

natu

ral e

nviro

nmen

t and

to

build

a fu

ture

in w

hich

peo

ple

live

in h

arm

ony

with

nat

ure.

Thi

s is a

chie

ved

by w

orki

ng o

n th

e gr

ound

with

loca

l com

mun

ities

, and

in

part

ners

hip

with

gov

ernm

ent a

nd in

dust

ry,

usin

g th

e be

st p

ossib

le sc

ienc

e to

adv

ocat

e ch

ange

and

effe

ctive

con

serv

ation

pol

icy.

Our

New

Zea

land

pro

gram

mes

incl

ude

rese

arch

, adv

ocac

y an

d pa

rtne

rshi

ps a

imed

at

pro

tecti

ng p

reci

ous h

abita

ts a

nd sp

ecie

s,

min

imisi

ng h

arm

from

fish

ing

and

othe

r ac

tiviti

es, r

educ

ing

impa

cts f

rom

clim

ate

chan

ge, a

nd c

onse

rvin

g an

d pr

otec

ting

N

ew Z

eala

nd w

ildlif

e.Th

e m

ajor

ity o

f don

ation

s to

WW

F-N

ew

Zeal

and

are

spen

t on

cons

erva

tion

in

New

Zea

land

, Ant

arcti

ca a

nd th

e So

uthe

rn

Oce

an.’37

1961

WW

F-N

ew Z

eala

ndLe

vel 6

Davi

s Lan

gdon

Hou

se49

Bou

lcott

Str

eet

Wel

lingt

on 6

011

New

Zea

land

Phon

e: +

64 4

499

293

0w

ww

.ww

f.org

.nz

• W

WF-

New

Zea

land

adm

inist

ers

vario

us v

olun

teer

opp

ortu

nitie

s w

hich

are

not

age

spec

ific.

Ho

wev

er, n

o vo

lunt

eer

oppo

rtun

ities

are

spec

ified

in th

eir

Anta

rctic

por

tfolio

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 26

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

Tabl

e 2:

Inte

rnati

onal

org

anisa

tions

invo

lved

with

the

Anta

rctic

par

tially

ope

ratin

g in

New

Zea

land

.

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

1AN

DRIL

L:

Anta

rctic

Ge

olog

ical

Dr

illin

g

‘AN

DRIL

L (A

Nta

rctic

geo

logi

cal D

RILL

ing)

is

a m

ultin

ation

al c

olla

bora

tion

com

prise

d of

mor

e th

an 2

00 sc

ienti

sts,

stud

ents

, an

d ed

ucat

ors f

rom

seve

n na

tions

(Bra

zil,

Germ

any,

Japa

n, It

aly,

New

Zea

land

, Re

publ

ic o

f Kor

ea, t

he U

nite

d Ki

ngdo

m, a

nd

the

Uni

ted

Stat

es) t

o re

cove

r str

atigr

aphi

c re

cord

s fro

m th

e An

tarc

tic m

argi

n us

ing

Cape

Rob

erts

Pro

ject

(CRP

) tec

hnol

ogy.

Th

e ch

ief o

bjec

tive

is to

dril

l bac

k in

tim

e to

reco

ver a

hist

ory

of p

aleo

envi

ronm

enta

l ch

ange

s tha

t will

gui

de o

ur u

nder

stan

ding

of

how

fast

, how

larg

e, a

nd h

ow fr

eque

nt

wer

e gl

acia

l and

inte

rgla

cial

cha

nges

in th

e An

tarc

tica

regi

on. F

utur

e sc

enar

ios o

f glo

bal

war

min

g re

quire

gui

danc

e an

d co

nstr

aint

fr

om p

ast h

istor

y th

at w

ill re

veal

pot

entia

l tim

ing

freq

uenc

y an

d sit

e of

futu

re

chan

ges.’

38

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

2006

is

impl

ied

as

the

first

pr

ojec

t.39

ANDR

ILL

Scie

nce

Man

agem

ent O

ffice

(S

MO

)12

6 Be

ssey

Hal

lU

nive

rsity

of

Neb

rask

a-Li

ncol

nP.O

. Box

880

851

Linc

oln,

N

E 68

588-

0341

, U

SA

Phon

e: +

1 40

2 47

2 67

23w

ww

.and

rill.o

rg

• AN

DRIL

L pr

ovid

es e

duca

tiona

l res

ourc

es.

Man

y of

thes

e re

sour

ces a

nd e

duca

tiona

l pr

ojec

ts a

re fo

cuse

d on

U.S

. stu

dent

s and

te

ache

rs.

• N

o di

rect

eng

agem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd

yout

h is

spec

ified

.

2An

tarc

tic

Clim

ate

&

Ecos

yste

ms

Coop

erati

ve

Rese

arch

Ce

ntre

(ACE

CR

C)

ACE

CRC

is a

mul

tidisc

iplin

ary

part

ners

hip

of

21 n

ation

al a

nd in

tern

ation

al o

rgan

isatio

ns.

We

prov

ide

scie

nce,

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g to

hel

p Au

stra

lia m

eet t

he

chal

leng

es o

f clim

ate

chan

ge.

We

do th

is by

und

erst

andi

ng th

e cr

ucia

l ro

le p

laye

d by

Ant

arcti

ca a

nd th

e So

uthe

rn

Oce

an in

glo

bal c

limat

e, a

nd th

e im

pact

s of

clim

ate

chan

ge o

n Au

stra

lia a

nd th

e w

orld

. W

e in

form

gov

ernm

ents

, the

com

mun

ity

and

scie

ntist

s abo

ut c

limat

e ch

ange

to

guid

e Au

stra

lia’s

futu

re.’40

1991

ACE

CRC

20 C

astr

ay E

spla

nade

Hoba

rt

Tasm

ania

700

0Au

stra

lia

Phon

e: +

61 3

622

6 78

88

ww

w.a

cecr

c.or

g.au

• N

o di

rect

eng

agem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd

yout

h is

spec

ified

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 27

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#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

3An

tarc

tic

Oce

ans

Allia

nce

(AO

A)

‘The

Ant

arcti

c O

cean

Alli

ance

(AO

A) is

a

coal

ition

of l

eadi

ng e

nviro

nmen

tal a

nd

cons

erva

tion

orga

nisa

tions

wor

king

to

esta

blish

a n

etw

ork

of d

esig

nate

d, n

o-ta

ke

mar

ine

rese

rves

and

mar

ine

prot

ecte

d ar

eas i

n th

e An

tarc

tic. T

his w

ill b

e th

e m

ost

com

preh

ensiv

e re

gim

e of

its k

ind

on th

e pl

anet

. With

such

a n

etw

ork

in p

lace

, key

An

tarc

tic o

cean

hab

itats

and

wild

life

wou

ld

be p

rote

cted

from

hum

an in

terfe

renc

e.’41

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

No

addr

ess g

iven

.

Phon

e: +

61 4

48 8

01

044

ww

w.a

ntar

ctico

cean

.or

g

• N

o di

rect

eng

agem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd

yout

h is

spec

ified

.

4An

tarc

tic

and

Sout

hern

O

cean

Co

aliti

on

(ASO

C)

‘Fou

nded

in 1

978,

ASO

C is

the

only

non

-go

vern

men

tal o

rgan

izatio

n w

orki

ng fu

ll tim

e to

pre

serv

e th

e An

tarc

tic c

ontin

ent a

nd it

s su

rrou

ndin

g So

uthe

rn O

cean

. A c

oaliti

on

of o

ver 3

0 N

GOs i

nter

este

d in

Ant

arcti

c en

viro

nmen

tal p

rote

ction

, ASO

C re

pres

ents

th

e en

viro

nmen

tal c

omm

unity

at A

ntar

ctic

gove

rnan

ce m

eetin

gs a

nd w

orks

to p

rom

ote

impo

rtan

t Ant

arcti

c co

nser

vatio

n go

als.

Thou

gh A

ntar

ctica

and

the

Sout

hern

Oce

an

are

far a

way

, we

belie

ve th

at th

e co

ntine

nt

and

its su

rrou

ndin

g oc

ean

are

the

natu

ral

herit

age

of a

ll hu

man

kind

and

seek

to

ensu

re th

at A

ntar

ctic

ecos

yste

ms -

bot

h te

rres

tria

l and

mar

ine

– re

mai

n pr

otec

ted

and

inta

ct.

Our

two

maj

or c

ampa

igns

are

cre

ation

of

a ne

twor

k of

larg

e M

arin

e Pr

otec

ted

Area

s (c

arrie

d ou

t in

coop

erati

on w

ith th

e AO

A),

and

nego

tiatio

n of

a le

gally

bin

ding

Pol

ar

Code

that

cov

ers a

ll ve

ssel

s ope

ratin

g in

the

Sout

hern

Oce

an.’42

1978

ASO

C13

20 1

9th

Stre

et, N

W,

5th

Floo

r W

ashi

ngto

n, D

.C.

2003

6 U.

S.A

Phon

e: +

1 20

2 23

4 24

80w

ww

.aso

c.or

g

• AS

OC

prov

ides

reso

urce

s and

less

on p

lans

for

teac

hers

in p

rimar

y an

d se

cond

ary

scho

ols.

No

dire

ct e

ngag

emen

t with

New

Zea

land

yo

uth

is sp

ecifi

ed.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 28

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

5As

soci

ation

of

Pol

ar

Early

Car

eer

Scie

ntist

s (A

PECS

)

‘APE

CS is

an

inte

rnati

onal

and

in

terd

iscip

linar

y or

gani

zatio

n fo

r un

derg

radu

ate

and

grad

uate

stud

ents

, po

stdo

ctor

al re

sear

cher

s, e

arly

facu

lty

mem

bers

, edu

cato

rs a

nd o

ther

s with

in

tere

sts i

n Po

lar R

egio

ns a

nd th

e w

ider

cr

yosp

here

. Our

aim

s are

to sti

mul

ate

inte

rdisc

iplin

ary

and

inte

rnati

onal

rese

arch

co

llabo

ratio

ns, a

nd d

evel

op e

ffecti

ve fu

ture

le

ader

s in

pola

r res

earc

h, e

duca

tion

and

outr

each

. We

seek

to a

chie

ve th

ese

aim

s by

:•

Faci

litati

ng in

tern

ation

al a

nd

inte

rdisc

iplin

ary

netw

orki

ng to

sh

are

idea

s and

exp

erie

nces

and

to

deve

lop

new

rese

arch

dire

ction

s and

co

llabo

ratio

ns;

• Pr

ovid

ing

oppo

rtun

ities

for

prof

essio

nal c

aree

r dev

elop

men

t; an

d•

Prom

oting

edu

catio

n an

d ou

trea

ch

as a

n in

tegr

al c

ompo

nent

of p

olar

re

sear

ch a

nd to

stim

ulat

e fu

ture

ge

nera

tions

of p

olar

rese

arch

ers.’

43

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

APEC

SU

nive

rsity

of T

rom

søFa

culty

of B

iosc

ienc

es,

Fish

erie

s and

Ec

onom

ics

Hype

rbor

eum

102

9037

Tro

msø

N

orw

ay

Phon

e: +

47 7

76 4

5 10

3w

ww

.ape

cs.is

/en/

• N

ew Z

eala

nd y

outh

s are

elig

ible

to jo

in

APEC

S. T

here

is n

o ag

e re

quire

men

t id

entifi

ed b

ut th

e w

ebsit

e hi

ghlig

hts t

he

Asso

ciati

on is

for ‘

early

’ car

eer s

cien

tists

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 29

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

6Co

mm

issio

n fo

r the

Co

nser

vatio

n of

Ant

arcti

c M

arin

e Li

ving

Re

sour

ces

(CCA

MLR

)

‘CCA

MLR

was

est

ablis

hed

by in

tern

ation

al

conv

entio

n in

198

2 w

ith th

e ob

jecti

ve o

f co

nser

ving

Ant

arcti

c m

arin

e lif

e. T

his w

as in

re

spon

se to

incr

easin

g co

mm

erci

al in

tere

st

in A

ntar

ctic

krill

reso

urce

s, a

key

ston

e co

mpo

nent

of t

he A

ntar

ctic

ecos

yste

m a

nd

a hi

stor

y of

ove

r-exp

loita

tion

of se

vera

l ot

her m

arin

e re

sour

ces i

n th

e So

uthe

rn

Oce

an.’44

1982

CCAM

LR18

1 M

acqu

arie

Str

eet

Hoba

rt 7

000

Tasm

ania

Au

stra

lia

Phon

e: +

61 3

621

0 11

11

ww

w.c

cam

lr.or

g/en

• ‘In

201

0 CC

AMLR

est

ablis

hed

the

CCAM

LR

Scie

ntific

Sch

olar

ship

Sch

eme

to a

ssist

ear

ly

care

er sc

ienti

sts t

o pa

rtici

pate

in th

e w

ork

of th

e Sc

ienti

fic C

omm

ittee

and

its w

orki

ng

grou

ps. T

he o

bjec

tive

of th

e Sc

hola

rshi

p Sc

hem

e is

to c

ontr

ibut

e to

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g w

ithin

the

CCAM

LR sc

ienti

fic c

omm

unity

in

orde

r to

help

gen

erat

e an

d su

stai

n a

soun

d ba

sis o

f sci

entifi

c ex

perti

se a

ble

to su

ppor

t th

e re

quire

men

ts o

f CCA

MLR

in th

e lo

ng-

term

. Sch

olar

ship

s of u

p to

A$3

0,00

0 ar

e av

aila

ble

to fa

cilit

ate

parti

cipa

tion

in C

CAM

LR

Scie

ntific

Com

mitt

ee w

orks

hops

or w

orki

ng

grou

p m

eetin

gs, r

elev

ant p

repa

rato

ry

mee

tings

, and

exc

eptio

nally

, mee

tings

of t

he

Scie

ntific

Com

mitt

ee, o

ver a

per

iod

of tw

o ye

ars.’

45

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 30

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

7Co

unci

l of

Man

ager

s of

Nati

onal

An

tarc

tic

Prog

ram

s (C

OM

NAP

)

‘CO

MN

AP’s

purp

ose

whi

ch c

an b

e fo

und

in

its C

onsti

tutio

n is

to “d

evel

op a

nd p

rom

ote

best

pra

ctice

in m

anag

ing

the

supp

ort o

f sc

ienti

fic re

sear

ch in

Ant

arcti

ca”.

It do

es th

is by

: •

Serv

ing

as a

foru

m to

dev

elop

pra

ctice

s th

at im

prov

e eff

ectiv

enes

s of a

ctivi

ties i

n an

env

ironm

enta

lly re

spon

sible

man

ner;

• Fa

cilita

ting

and

prom

oting

inte

rnati

onal

pa

rtne

rshi

ps;

• Pr

ovid

ing

oppo

rtun

ities

and

syst

ems f

or

info

rmati

on e

xcha

nge;

and

Prov

idin

g th

e An

tarc

tic Tr

eaty

Sys

tem

w

ith o

bjec

tive

and

prac

tical

, tec

hnica

l an

d no

n-po

litica

l adv

ice d

raw

n fro

m th

e Na

tiona

l Ant

arcti

c Pro

gram

s’ po

ol o

f ex

perti

se.’46

1988

COM

NAP

Sec

reta

riat

7th

Floo

r, Bi

olog

y Bu

ildin

gU

nive

rsity

of

Cant

erbu

ryCh

ristc

hurc

hN

ew Z

eala

nd 8

140

Phon

e: +

64 3

364

227

3w

ww

.com

nap.

aq

• Si

nce

2011

CO

MN

AP h

as o

ffere

d An

tarc

tic

rese

arch

fello

wsh

ips w

ith fu

ndin

g fo

r ear

ly

care

er re

sear

cher

s to

carr

y ou

t res

earc

h w

ithin

a C

OM

NAP

Nati

onal

Ant

arcti

c Pr

ogra

m.

• Ea

ch y

ear C

OM

NAP

offe

rs se

nior

stud

ents

an

opp

ortu

nity

to w

ork

on a

sum

mer

pro

ject

on

Ant

arcti

ca in

col

labo

ratio

n w

ith th

e U

nive

rsity

of C

ante

rbur

y.

• In

tern

ship

s at t

he se

cret

aria

t are

per

iodi

cally

av

aila

ble.

8Th

e Sc

ienti

fic

Com

mitt

ee

on A

ntar

ctic

Rese

arch

(S

CAR)

‘SCA

R is

an in

ter-d

iscip

linar

y co

mm

ittee

of

the

Inte

rnati

onal

Cou

ncil

for S

cienc

e (IC

SU).

SCAR

is ch

arge

d w

ith in

itiati

ng, d

evel

opin

g an

d co

ordi

natin

g hi

gh q

ualit

y in

tern

ation

al

scie

ntific

rese

arch

in th

e An

tarc

tic re

gion

(in

cludi

ng th

e So

uthe

rn O

cean

), an

d on

th

e ro

le o

f the

Ant

arcti

c reg

ion

in th

e Ea

rth

syst

em. T

he sc

ienti

fic b

usin

ess o

f SCA

R is

cond

ucte

d by

its S

tand

ing

Scie

ntific

Gro

ups

whi

ch re

pres

ent t

he sc

ienti

fic d

iscip

lines

ac

tive

in A

ntar

ctic r

esea

rch

and

repo

rt to

SC

AR.’47

1958

Scie

ntific

Com

mitt

ee o

n An

tarc

tic R

esea

rch

Scott

Pol

ar R

esea

rch

Insti

tute

Lens

field

Roa

dCa

mbr

idge

CB2

1ER

Uni

ted

King

dom

Phon

e: +

44 1

223

3365

50w

ww

.sca

r.org

• ‘T

he S

CAR

Fello

wsh

ip P

rogr

amm

e is

desig

ned

to e

ncou

rage

the

activ

e in

volv

emen

t of

early

car

eer s

cien

tists

and

eng

inee

rs in

An

tarc

tic sc

ienti

fic re

sear

ch, a

nd to

bui

ld

new

con

necti

ons a

nd fu

rthe

r str

engt

hen

inte

rnati

onal

cap

acity

and

coo

pera

tion

in

Anta

rctic

rese

arch

… T

he p

rogr

amm

e is

for

PhD

stud

ents

, or t

hose

with

in fi

ve y

ears

of

hav

ing

com

plet

ed a

PhD

, to

unde

rtak

e re

sear

ch a

t maj

or in

tern

ation

al la

bora

torie

s,

field

faci

lities

, and

/or i

nstit

utes

in o

r op

erat

ed b

y SC

AR m

embe

r.’48

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 31

MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

#N

ame

Purp

ose

Esta

blis

hed

Cont

act D

etai

ls

Enga

gem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd Y

outh

9Po

lar

Educ

ator

s In

tern

ation

al

(PEI

)

‘PEI

is a

vib

rant

net

wor

k pr

omoti

ng

pola

r edu

catio

n an

d re

sear

ch to

a g

loba

l co

mm

unity

.By

fost

erin

g di

alog

ue a

nd c

olla

bora

tion

betw

een

educ

ator

s and

rese

arch

ers,

PEI

ai

ms t

o hi

ghlig

ht a

nd sh

are

the

glob

al

rele

vanc

e of

the

pola

r reg

ions

with

the

broa

der c

omm

unity

.’49

Not

sp

ecifi

ed.

No

addr

ess g

iven

.

Phon

e: N

ot li

sted

.w

ww

.pol

ared

ucat

or.o

rg

• N

o di

rect

eng

agem

ent w

ith N

ew Z

eala

nd

yout

h is

spec

ified

.

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 32

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Appendix 1: Timeline on New Zealand’s involvement in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean

Year New Zealand Specific Global

2014 2014: Antarctica New Zealand and Landcare Research with partners from Australia, Belgium, Norway and SCAR, launch a demonstration version of the Antarctic Environments Portal website. The final version, due to go live in 2015 will be an information portal that can be used by all the Antarctica Treaty partners to bridge the gap between scientists and decision-makers.50

2014: To date there are 50 signatory parties to the Antarctic Treaty.51

August 2014: The Royal Society of New Zealand hosts the SCAR Biennial Meetings and Open Science Conference in Auckland.52

31 March 2014: The International Court of Justice decides (by 12 votes to four) that Japan shall revoke its permit or licences granting whaling activities in the Antarctic in relation to the second Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA II) and refrain from granting any further permits in pursuance of that programme.53

July 2014: Professor Naish, a Principal Scientist at GNS Science, is the first New Zealander to win the Martha T. Muse Prize for Science and Policy in Antarctica. This global award is administered by SCAR and recognises significant and sustained contribution to Antarctic scientific research and policy.54

2013 2013: New Zealand and the United States jointly propose the establishment of a Ross Sea Region Marine Reserve to the CCAMLR.55

2013: CCAMLR meets to discuss proposals for marine protected areas proposed by Australia, the European Union, France, New Zealand and the United States. This included the joint proposal by New Zealand and the United States to establish a Ross Sea Region Marine Reserve. The commission did not enact the Ross Sea Marine Reserve proposal and it is has now been reviewed and resubmitted.56

2012 11 December 2012: The Antarctica (Environmental Protection: Liability Annex) Amendment Act 2012 is included in New Zealand legislation. The latest version is not yet in force as at December 2014.57

20 November 2012: New Zealand files a declaration of intervention to the International Court of Justice in regard to the whaling in the Antarctic (Australia versus Japan).58

ASSESSMENT OF ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED WITH THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW ZEALAND YOUTH | 33

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

2011 23 June 2011: On the fiftieth anniversary of the entry into force of the Antarctic Treaty, the consultative parties to the Antarctic Treaty reaffirm their continued commitment to upholding the Antarctic Treaty and all the other elements of the Antarctic Treaty system that have evolved since the Treaty’s entry into force. By this date the number of parties to the Treaty had increased from the original 12 to 47.59

2010 27 April 2010: ‘The New Zealand Antarctic and Southern Ocean Science Directions and Priorities 2010–2020’ document is officially launched by the Minster of Conservation.60

2008 2008: Declining numbers of toothfish (Dissoctichus mawsoni) in the Ross Sea are highlighted at a CCAMLAR Working Group meeting.61

2007 2007: Kevin Biggar and Jamie Fitzgerald become the first New Zealanders to walk unsupported to the South Pole.62

4 June 2007: The first New Zealand Antarctic Medal (NZAM) is awarded to Dr Frederick Davey.63

20 January 2007: New Zealand’s Scott Base celebrates its fiftieth anniversary. As part of the celebrations, Prime Minister Helen Clark formally opens a new laboratory building at Arrival Heights.64

2006 2006: The New Zealand Government approves the New Zealand Strategy for the Future Management of the Marine Living Resources and Biodiversity of the Ross Sea. ‘The Strategy states New Zealand should seek balance between: well managed sustainable harvesting in accordance with CCAMLR’s conservation principles and marine protection to safeguard the long-term ecological viability of marine systems and protect Antarctic marine biological diversity and areas potentially vulnerable to human impacts.’ s65

1 September 2006: The NZAM is instituted as a New Zealand Royal Honour to replace the (British) Polar Medal.66

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

2005 November 2005: The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Erebus disaster is commemorated. Sir Edmund Hillary opens the Hillary Field Centre – the final stage of the reconstruction of Scott Base.67

2005: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty Annex VI on Liability Arising from Environmental Emergencies is adopted and will enter into force after its approval by the consultative parties that participated in the Stockholm Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.68

2003 2003: The New Zealand Government adopts a policy statement on tourism and other non-governmental activities in Antarctica. The policy responds to increasing concern about managing environmental effects of tourism, safety and potential jurisdictional issues that may arise as a result of expansion and diversification of these activities.69

2002 2002: The New Zealand Government releases the ‘Revised New Zealand Statement of Strategic Interest’. The Statement declares that New Zealand is committed to conservation of the intrinsic wilderness values of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean for the benefit of every country and for present and future generations of New Zealanders.70

2002: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty Annex V on Area Protection and Management enters into force.71

1999 1 January 1999: The Gateway Antarctica Centre for Antarctic studies and research is established at the University of Christchurch.72

1998 1998: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty along with Annexes I to IV (Annex I [EIA], Annex II [Fauna and Flora], Annex III [Waste Disposal], Annex IV [Marine Pollution]) enter into force.73

Note: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty which came into force in 1998 may be reviewed after 50 years if any of the Antarctic Treaty consultative parties request it. To view a copy of the Protocol please see the Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty website.

1998: The first meeting of the CEP, established by Article 11 of the Environment Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty takes place.74

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1996 1 July 1996: The New Zealand Antarctic Institute (Antarctica New Zealand) is established. Combining the work of the Ross Dependency Research Committee (RDRC) and the New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme (NZARP), it will develop, manage and administer New Zealand’s activities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, particularly the Ross Sea region.75

1995 1995: Lake Vanda Station in the Wright Dry Valley is decommissioned. Colin Bull from Victoria University started The Royal Vanda Swimming Club, which played an important role in station morale over the years.76

1994 6 December 1994: The Antarctica (Environmental Protection) Act in passed in New Zealand. The Act is to provide for the comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and to recognise Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science and to implement the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.77

1992 1992: The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) is disbanded. The RDRC and the Antarctic Division otherwise known as the NZARP, are placed within MFAT.78

31 October 1992: New Zealanders Garth Varcoe and Terry Newport are killed in a helicopter crash while returning from working on the Cape Bird hut rebuild.79

October 1992: The hut at New Zealand base Cape Bird is rebuilt.80

1991 4 October 1991: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is open for signatures from the contracting parties to the Antarctic Treaty. It designates Antarctica as a ‘natural reserve, devoted to peace and science’.81

October 1991: On the thirtieth anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty, the parties to the Treaty reaffirm the objective of the Treaty by adopting a declaration that in the interests of all mankind Antarctica shall continue to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes.82

1990 September 1990: The International Antarctic Centre opens at Christchurch Airport.83

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1989 December 1989: One of the original huts at Scott Base, ‘A Hut’, is moved 40 m. ‘B-Hut’ is dismantled and returned to New Zealand.84

1988 2 June 1988: New Zealand adopts the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities. This convention was signed by 19 states but not ratified or entered into force. Since the convention was signed it has been superseded by the 1991 Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty.85

1987 1987: The New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust is formed to care for historic sites located in the Ross Sea Region of Antarctica.86

1986 February 1986: The last New Zealand dogs return from Scott Base.87

1982 1982: Prime Minister Robert Muldoon is the first prime minister to visit Scott Base for the site’s twenty-fifth anniversary.88

7 April 1982: The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources comes into effect.89

June 1982: Negotiations for a possible mineral resource regime begin in Wellington, New Zealand.90

20 January 1982: New Zealand’s Scott Base celebrates its twenty-fifth anniversary.91

1981 1981: New Zealand is a founding member of CCAMLR.92

1981: The CCAMLR is established. The Commission’s responsibility is to manage and protect marine living resources south of the Antarctic convergence, ranging from latitude 45 degrees south in the Indian Ocean to 60 degrees south in the Pacific sector.93

October 1981: The Antarctic Marine Living Resources Act 1981 is passed to give effect to the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.94

1980 1980: New Zealand is one of the original signatories to the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. The Convention came into force in 1982.95

1 August 1980: The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources is open for signature at Canberra from 1 August to 31 December 1980 by the States participating in the Conference on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources held in May.96

1979 1979: New Zealander Thelma Rogers of the DSIR becomes the first woman to winter over in Antarctica.97

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1979: New Zealand based company Helicopters (NZ) Ltd secures its first Antarctic contract with the West German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources.98

28 November 1979: Air New Zealand Flight 901, a DC-10 registered ZK-NZP, crashed into Mt Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica, instantly killing all 257 people on board.99

1977 1977: The Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone Act is assented.100

There is also specific provision in New Zealand legislation for the establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone beyond the outer limit of the territorial sea of the Ross Dependency.101

1977: Reconstruction of New Zealand’s Scott Base begins.102

1976 15 June 1976: New Zealand joins the International Whaling Commission. This includes regulation of whaling in the southern ocean.103

1974 1974: Canterbury Museum’s Antarctic exhibition opens.104

December 1974: A NZARP team climb into the crater of Erebus volcano for the first time to collect gas samples. Philip Kyle films the expedition.105

1973 1973: Hallett Station closes.106

1972 1972: The ARC is established within the Department of Geology at Victoria University, Wellington.107

1972–1974: Dr David Lewis makes the first single-handed voyage to Antarctica in 1972 in his yacht Ice Bird.108

1970 May 1970: The Antarctic Division moves to Christchurch.109

1969 1969–1970: The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) of 1969–1970 names Marble Peak110 and Surprise Spur.111

19 November 1969: New Zealander Jeremy Sykes, a National Film Unit cameraman, is killed in a helicopter accident in Antarctica.112

November 1969: New Zealander Pamela Young is one of a party of six women who become the first women to reach the South Pole.113

9 January 1969: Vanda Station, a New Zealand wintering-over station in the McMurdo Dry Valleys area, opens.114

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1968 1968: Zoologist Marie Darby becomes the first New Zealand woman to visit the Antarctic mainland.115

1967 1967: New Zealander Peter Barrett discovers the first tetrapod remains in Antarctica.116

1966 October 1966: A biological laboratory, Harrison Laboratory, is established at the New Zealand Cape Bird site.117

1965 27 October 1965: The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) completes the first flight from New Zealand to Antarctica. In ‘Operation Ice Cube’, a Hercules of No 40 Squadron makes the first of what become annual summer flights.118

1964 6 March 1964: A fire destroys further buildings at Hallett Station. They are not rebuilt. The station continues to be used as a summer-only base.119

1962 3 May 1962: Scott Base becomes a permanent Antarctic station in recognition of the value and importance of the science being conducted in the Antarctic. It is to be maintained by NZARP.120

25 December 1962: A fire destroys buildings at Hallett Station.121

1961 23 June 1961: The Antarctic Treaty enters into force.122

1960 1 November 1960: New Zealand’s ratification of the Antarctic Treaty 1959 comes into effect.123

October 1960: The Antarctica Act 1960 is passed to confer jurisdiction on the courts of New Zealand to deal with crimes committed in the Ross Dependency and certain other parts of Antarctica, and to restrict the jurisdiction of the courts in respect of acts or omissions in Antarctica of certain nationals of other countries.124

1959 1959: Arrival Heights, a New Zealand unmanned observation hut, is established about 5 km from Scott Base.125

1 December 1959: The Antarctic Treaty is signed in Washington by 12 nations: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Russian Federation (USSR at the time), South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States. The Treaty’s primary purpose is to ensure ‘in the interests of all mankind that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not become the scene or object of international discord.’ It applies to the area south of 60° South latitude.126

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1 December 1959: New Zealand and 11 other countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) sign the Antarctic Treaty.127

19 November 1959: New Zealand engineer Tom Couzens is killed when the Sno-Cat he is driving falls into a 30-metre-deep crevice.128

Early 1959: The DSIR establishes an Antarctic Division to work with the RDRC on New Zealand’s activities in the Ross Dependency. It becomes known as the NZARP. It is initially based in Wellington.129

1958 1958–1959: NZGSAE names the Mountaineer Range, the range of mountains lying between the Mariner and Aviator Glaciers in Victoria Land.130

2 March 1958: British explorer Dr Vivian Fuchs and his party complete the first overland crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole, as part of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition (TAE).131

24 March 1958: Responsibility for coordinating New Zealand’s activities in the Ross Dependency is given to the minister in charge of scientific and industrial research. A RDRC is appointed to advise and assist the minister. The geophysics division of the DSIR continues to implement the Antarctic programme.132

26 February 1958: The New Zealand Cabinet approves in principal an extension to scientific work into 1959 as part of an extended world IGY programme.133

4 January 1958: Sir Edmund Hillary and the New Zealand component of the TAE are the first to reach the South Pole overland since Scott in 1912.134

1957 1957–1958: The Borchgrevink Glacier is named by the NZGSAE.135

31 January 1957: Hallett Station, a joint New Zealand-United States operation, opens at Cape Adare.136

20 January 1957: New Zealand’s Scott Base opens at Pram Point.137

1956 1956: The first issue of Antarctic, the flagship publication of the New Zealand Antarctic Society, is printed. This Journal is still in print as at 2015.138

1956: The building of Scott base begins in 1956 to support the TAE and IGY of 1956–1959.139

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1 May 1956: The RNZAF Antarctic Flight is formed to scout the route for the New Zealand component of the TAE, to air-supply depots and to provide emergency backup. It continues in this role until 1960.140

1955 1955–1958: Vessels, aircraft and personnel from the American Operation Deep Freeze use New Zealand as a base for their expedition.141

20 December 1955: The first long-distance flights into Antarctica from the outside world leave from New Zealand.142

26 May 1955: The Ross Sea Committee of the Commonwealth TAE is established to coordinate New Zealand’s contribution to the expedition.143

14 May 1955: The New Zealand Government agrees to contribute £50,000 towards the costs of the proposed TAE and to set up a committee to organise a terminal base for the crossing party.144

February 1955: The New Zealand Government endorses the IGY and agrees to support New Zealand scientists in their endeavours to contribute to its programme of events.145

1946 1946–1947: Some of Operation Highjump’s vessels visit New Zealand ports during the expedition and Richard E. Byrd visits at the end of the expedition.146

1946–1947: The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, known as Operation Highjump, is led by Richard E. Byrd under the operational command of Admiral Richard Cruzens.147

1939 1939–1941: The United States Antarctic Service Expedition, led by Richard E. Byrd, does not generate the same amount of interest as previous expeditions as the New Zealand public is preoccupied with news of the war. Eventually the expedition is abandoned altogether because of rising international tensions.148

1936 January 1936: New Zealand assists in a relief expedition for one of Lincoln Ellsworth failed attempts to fly from the Ross Sea to the Weddell Sea.149

1933 1933–1936: Lincoln Ellsworth uses Dunedin as his New Zealand base and New Zealanders serve in his expeditions.150

1933–1936: American aviator and explorer Lincoln Ellsworth aims to make the first non-stop flight from the Ross Sea to the Weddell Sea. He fails in both his summer expeditions.151

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1933–1935: Wellington serves as Richard E. Byrd’s New Zealand base for his expeditions. Byrd’s ships leave from Wellington and return there during the expedition. Several New Zealanders serve in the expedition, including Bob Young, who also served in the first Byrd Antarctic Expedition, and Louis Potaka.152

1933–1935: The second Byrd Antarctic Expedition, or BAE2 as it later becomes known, led by Richard E. Byrd, aims to answer some of the questions unresolved by his previous expedition. It makes extensive use of motorised land transport. In 1934 Byrd spends five winter months alone operating a meteorological station, Advance Base, and is lucky not to die after suffering carbon monoxide poisoning from his poorly ventilated stove.153

1933: The NZAS is established with the aim of bringing together people interested in Antarctica. Since its first meeting, it has been involved in a wide range of Antarctic activities.154

1929 1929–1931: The British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE), led by Douglas Mawson, aims to investigate the entire coast of the territory over which Britain claims sovereignty. The expedition receives funding from New Zealand but there is no physical contact with the country. Two New Zealand scientists serve in the expedition: ornithologist Dr R.A. Falla and meteorologist R.G. Simmers.155

29 November 1929: Richard E. Byrd and his pilot, co-pilot and photographer make the first flight over the South Pole.156

1928 1928–1930: Dunedin serves as Richard E. Byrd’s New Zealand base for his expeditions. Byrd’s ships leave Dunedin and return there during the expedition, and his dogs are quarantined on Quarantine Island. Several New Zealanders serve with the expedition.157

1928–1930: The Byrd Antarctic Expedition, or BAE1 as it later becomes known, led by American polar explorer and aviator Richard E. Byrd, aims to explore the Antarctic continent by land and air. They establish a base camp, Little America, and explore the continent using planes.158

1923 30 July 1923: Administration over Ross Dependency is allocated to New Zealand.159

30 July 1923: Britain declares sovereignty over Ross Dependency.160

1921 1921–1922: Shackleton and New Zealander Frank Worsley are due to head back to the Antarctic on the Shackleton-Rowett expedition on board the Quest. The expedition is cut short following Shackleton’s sudden death in South Georgia. Another New Zealander, pilot Major Roderick Carr, accompanies the expedition.161

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1914 1914–1917: The navigation skills of a New Zealander, Frank Worsley, play a crucial role in the rescue of the main Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition party, while other New Zealanders, and the government, contribute to the rescue of the support party.162

1914–1917: The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, or Endurance expedition, led by British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, aims to complete the first land crossing of Antarctica. It fails entirely in this aim and is instead remembered as an incredible survival story. Its two parties sail to opposite sides of the Antarctic continent, with separate tasks, but both eventually find themselves trapped in inhospitable surroundings with insufficient supplies.163

1912 March 1912: Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen visits New Zealand to lecture to crowded audiences.164

November 1912–February 1913: Douglas Mawson was the sole survivor of the Far Eastern Party’s journey undertaken by Mawson, Mertz and Ninnis. Ninnis died from plummeting down a crevasse, with many of the supplies. Mertz perished from physical exertion, starvation and possibly toxicity from eating dogs’ livers. Mawson struggled alone for 30 days, arriving at Main Base in February 1913.165

1911 1911–1914: The Australasian Antarctic Expedition is not financially supported by the New Zealand Government but does receive significant donations of goods from New Zealand manufacturers. New Zealanders are also directly involved: Eric Webb is chief magnetician and Dr Leslie Whetter medical officer at the expedition’s main base at Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay; Harold Hamilton is chief biologist and A.J. Sawyer chief wireless operator at its Macquarie Island station. Other New Zealanders collect specimens on cruises into the sub-Antarctic and work aboard the expedition’s ship, the Aurora.166

1911–1914: The Australasian Antarctic Expedition, led by Australian geologist Douglas Mawson, aims to chart the coastline of Antarctica to the south of Australia.167

14 December 1911: Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen is the first to reach the South Pole.168

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1910 1910–1913: Lyttelton is the New Zealand base for the British Antarctic Expedition, or Terra Nova Expedition – the Terra Nova officially leaves from Lyttelton port (though the last port it visits is Port Chalmers) and returns there during the expedition. The majority of expedition members also disembark at Lyttelton after the return journey tragedy.169

1910–1913: The British Antarctic Expedition, or Terra Nova Expedition, led by British explorer Robert Falcon Scott, succeeds in reaching the Pole. Although the expedition has further objectives in scientific research and geographical exploration, the main objective is ‘to reach the South Pole and to secure for the British Empire the honour of this achievement’. But Scott’s polar party is beaten by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, and they perish on the return journey.170

1910: The Japanese Antarctic Expedition ship, the Kainan Maru, calls in to Wellington for fuel and supplies on its way to and from the Antarctic.171

1910–1912: The Japanese Antarctic Expedition, led by Japanese army lieutenant Nobu Shirase, which aims to reach the Pole, is the first Japanese exploration of Antarctic territory.172

1908 1908–1909: The British Antarctic Expedition uses Lyttelton as its New Zealand base and receives significant support from the New Zealand government and the public. A number of New Zealanders are also involved.173

1908–1909: British explorer Ernest Shackleton leads the British Antarctic Expedition, or Nimrod Expedition, that penetrates the farthest south yet – within 160 km of the Pole.174

1901 1901–1904: The British National Antarctic Expedition uses Lyttelton as its New Zealand base and receives great support from New Zealanders. This encourages Scott to rely on New Zealand to a greater extent in his next expedition in 1910–1913. A New Zealander, Clarence Hare, is taken on as a steward.175

1901–1904: British explorer Robert Falcon Scott leads the British National Antarctic Expedition, or Discovery Expedition – the first real land expedition in the Antarctic. It aims to carry out scientific research and geographical exploration.176

1899 March 1899: The ship Southern Cross voyages to New Zealand to load stores and overhaul the vessel before returning to pick up Norwegian explorer Carstens Borchgrevink and his expedition team, including several New Zealanders, in December 1899. The ship returns to New Zealand following the completion of the expedition.177

1898 1898: Norwegian explorer Carstens Borchgrevink led the first expedition party to winter-over in Antarctica at Cape Adare.178

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

1885 24 January 1885: New Zealander Alexander von Tunzelmann joins six men from the Norwegian whaling and sealing ship Antarcticin – the first substantiated landing on the Antarctic continent proper. Von Tunzelmann becomes the first person to set foot on Antarctica, at Cape Adare. Prior to its voyage south, the ship calls in for repairs at Port Chalmers, then recruits Tunzelmann and three other New Zealanders at Stewart Island.179

1841 1841: James Clark Ross and his men visit New Zealand after their expedition to the Ross Sea, Victoria Land, Mt Erebus, Mount Terror, the Victoria barrier (the Ross Ice Shelf) and McMurdo Sound. They remain in the Bay of Islands for three months.180

1841: James Clark Ross, a British naval officer, discovers the Ross Sea, Victoria Land, Mt Erebus, Mount Terror, the Victoria barrier (the Ross Ice Shelf) and McMurdo Sound.181

1839 1839–1840: New Zealander Tuati, also known as John Sac, travels with Captain Charles Wilkes on his exploration expedition. Wilkes and his men subsequently visit New Zealand, travelling extensively in the Bay of Islands.182

1839–1840: Captain Charles Wilkes, leader of the United States Exploring Expedition, provides the first evidence that a ‘land of continental extent’, Antarctica, exists in part of the area thought to contain the great southern land.183

1819 1819–1820: Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and his men spend a week in Queen Charlotte Sound between voyages into Antarctic waters.184

1819–1820: Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a Russian naval officer, becomes one of three Europeans to first sight the continent of Antarctica.185

1772 1772: Marc Joseph Marion du Fresne, a French explorer, arrives in the Bay of Islands after searching for the ‘great southern continent’. About five weeks later he and a number of members of his expedition are killed by local Māori.186

1769 1769 – 1770: James Cook voyages to New Zealand to determine the eastern tip of the land Tasman had sighted. The voyage confirms this is not the ‘great southern continent’.187

1643 January 1643: Abel Tasman sailed away from New Zealand having only mapped a ‘ragged line’ and is unable to confirm whether this was the coast of the ‘great southern continent’.188

1642 December 1642: Abel Tasman sights New Zealand while searching for Terra Australis Incognita. This ‘great southern continent’ is believed to exist east of Australia and west of Cape Horn.189

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Year New Zealand Specific Global

650AD 650 AD: Māori tradition suggests that a Polynesian chief by the name of Hui Te Rangiora may have been the first person to see Antarctica. He is said to have encountered the icebergs of Antarctica during a voyage south of New Zealand.190

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Endnotes1. Air New Zealand (n.d.). About Air New Zealand. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from:

http://antarctica.airnewzealand.com/about-air-newzealand

2. Air New Zealand (n.d.). Our Antarctic partnership. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://antarctica.airnewzealand.com/our-partnership

3. Air New Zealand (n.d.). The story. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://antarctica.airnewzealand.com/

4. Antarctic Environments Portal (2014). Overview. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.environments.aq/?locale=en_GB

5. Antarctica New Zealand (2014). News: Antarctica website links science and policy. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/about-us/news/534-auto-generate-from-title

6. Antarctic Heritage Trust (n.d.). About us. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.nzaht.org/AHT/about-aht/

7. Antarctica New Zealand (2014). Antarctica and the Southern Ocean – valued, protected, understood. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/

8. Antarctic Research Centre (2011). Welcome to the Antarctic Research Centre. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/antarctic

9. Department of Conservation (DOC) (n.d.). Vision, purpose, outcome and values. Retrieved December 10, 2014 from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-doc/role/vision-purpose-and-outcome/

10. Heritage Expeditions New Zealand Ltd (n.d.). Enderby Trust scholarship opportunities open for this year. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://heritage-expeditions.com/article/enderby-trust-scholarship-opportunities-open-year/

11. Environment and Conservation Organisations of New Zealand (ECO) Inc. (2014). What we do. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.eco.org.nz/what-we-do.html

12. Forest and Bird (2011). What we do. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.forestandbird.org.nz/what-we-do

13. Gateway Antarctica University of Canterbury (n.d.). About us. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.anta.canterbury.ac.nz/about.shtml

14. DrillNZ Scientific Drilling (n.d). About us. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://drill.gns.cri.nz/DrillNZ/About-us

15. International Antarctic Centre (n.d.). Antarctica … The coolest fun in Christchurch. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.iceberg.co.nz/

16. International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research (ICTAR) (2014). Mission. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.ictar.aq/mission.cfm

17. International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research (ICTAR) (2014). Mission. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://www.ictar.aq/mission.cfm

18. Landcare Research (n.d.). Our core purpose. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from: http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/about/our-core-purpose

19. Land Information New Zealand. (LINZ) (n.d.). About LINZ. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.linz.govt.nz/about-linz

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20. Land Information New Zealand. (LINZ) (2014). Antarctica & Pacific Regions. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from: http://www.linz.govt.nz/antarctica-pacific-regions#record

21. National Science Challenges (n.d.). Home. Retrieved November 28, 2014 from: http://www.sustainableseaschallenge.co.nz/

22. National Science Challenges (n.d.). Engagement. Retrieved November 28, 2014 from: http://www.sustainableseaschallenge.co.nz/engagement

23. National Science Challenges (n.d.). Home. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.deepsouthchallenge.co.nz/

24. National Science Challenges (n.d.). Engagement. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.deepsouthchallenge.co.nz/engagement

25. New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NZARI) (n.d.). About NZARI: The Institute. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://nzari.aq/about-nzari

26. New Zealand Antarctic Society (2014). Home page. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.antarctic.org.nz/index.html

27. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). New Zealand, Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/index.php

28. New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NIWA) (2013). Our mission. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.niwa.co.nz/about/our-mission

29. New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NIWA) (2013). Education and training. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training

30. New Zealand IceFest (2014). About NZ IceFest. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://nzicefest.co.nz/about-nz-icefest

31. Polar Environments Otago Research Theme (PERT), University of Otago (n.d.). Welcome to the polar environment research theme webpage. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://polarresearch.otago.ac.nz/

32. Snow and Ice Research Group New Zealand (SIRG) (n.d.). SIRG New Zealand. Retrieved October 28, 2014 from: http://sirg.org.nz/

33. The Morgan Foundation (2014). Our Far South. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://morganfoundation.org.nz/far-south/

34. The Sir Peter Blake Trust (2014). The Trust. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.sirpeterblaketrust.org/the-trust/

35. The Sir Peter Blake Trust (2014). Antarctic Youth Ambassador Programme. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.sirpeterblaketrust.org/young-blake-expeditions/antarctic-youth-ambassador/antarctic-youth-ambassador-programme/

36. The Sir Peter Blake Trust (2014). The Sub-Antarctic Expedition. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: http://www.sirpeterblaketrust.org/young-blake-expeditions/sub-antarctic-expedition-2014/the-sub-antarctic-expedition/

37. World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) New Zealand (n.d.). About us. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.wwf.org.nz/about_us/

38. ANDRILL (n.d.). About ANDRILL. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from: http://andrill.org/static/About.html

39. ANDRILL (n.d.). About ANDRILL. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from: http://andrill.org/static/About.html

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40. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC) (n.d.). Welcome. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.acecrc.org.au/

41. Antarctic Ocean Alliance (AOA) (n.d.). What’s at stake? Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://antarcticocean.org/whats-at-stake/

42. Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) (n.d.). Who we are. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.asoc.org/about

43. Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) (n.d.). About APECS. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://apecs.is/en/

44. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (2014). About CCAMLAR. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.ccamlr.org/en/organisation/about-ccamlr

45. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (2014). CCAMLAR scientific scholarship scheme. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.ccamlr.org/en/document/science/ccamlr-scientific-scholarship-scheme

46. Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP) (n.d.). About COMNAP. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: https://www.comnap.aq/SitePages/Home.aspx

47. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (2014). About SCAR. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.scar.org/about-us

48. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (2014). SCAR fellowship scheme. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.scar.org/2014-02-03-11-42-48/fellowships/85-awards/fellowships/132-fellowships

49. Polar Educators International (PEI) (n.d.). AboutPEI. Retrieved October 29, 2014 from: http://www.polareducator.org/about

50. Antarctica New Zealand (2014). Antarctic website links science and policy. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/about-us/news/534-auto-generate-from-title

51. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). Parties. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/devAS/ats_parties.aspx?lang=e

52. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Science (SCAR) (2014). About. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.scar2014.com/about-2014-scar-biennial-meetings/

53. International Court of Justice (ICJ) (2014, March 31). Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), page 72. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/148/18136.pdf

54. Antarctica New Zealand (2014). Leading Antarctic researcher wins global award. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/about-us/news/544-leading-antarctic-researcher-wins-global-award

55. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (n.d.). Ross Sea region marine protected area. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/ross-sea-mpa/index.php

56. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (2014). CCAMLR-SM-II. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: https://www.ccamlr.org/en/ccamlr-sm-ii

57. New Zealand Legislation (n.d.). Antarctica (Environmental Protection: Liability Annex) Amendment Act 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/0095/latest/whole.html#DLM2051615

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58. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2013). Treaties and international law: New Zealand at the International Court of Justice. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/06-International-Courts-and-Tribunals/2-NZ-at-the-International-Court-of-Justice.php

59. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). Declaration on Antarctic cooperation on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the entry into force of the Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM34/op/atcm34_op031_rev1_e.pdf

60. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). New Zealand Antarctic and Southern Ocean science directions and priorities 2010-2020. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/NZ-Antarctic-and-Southern-Ocean-Science-Directions-and-Priorities-2010-2020/index.php

61. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (2012). WG-EMM-08. Retrieved December 1, 2014 from: https://www.ccamlr.org/en/wg-emm-08

62. Television New Zealand (2014). Get to know Jamie Fitzgerald. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://tvnz.co.nz/first-crossings/get-know-jamie-fitzgerald-4945088

63. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (n.d.). The New Zealand Antarctic medal. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/honours/lists/nzam

64. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) (2013). 2. New atmospheric science laboratory in Antarctica – icebergs ahoy! – customary coastal management workshop. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: https://www.niwa.co.nz/publications/wa/vol15-no1-march-2007/2-new-atmospheric-science-laboratory-in-antarctica-icebergs-ahoy-customary-coastal-manageme

65. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2013). Ross sea strategy. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/1-New-Zealand-and-Antarctica/3-Ross-Sea-Strategy.php

66. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

67. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

68. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). Liability arising from environmental emergencies. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/e/ep_liability.htm

69. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). New Zealand procedures for Antarctic tourists and non-governmental visitors. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/3-New-Zealand-Procedures-for-Visitors-to-Antarctica/index.php

70. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2013). New Zealand’s strategic interests in Antarctica. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/1-New-Zealand-and-Antarctica/1-NZ-Strategy-in-Antarctic.php

71. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/e/ep.htm

72. Christchurch City Council (n.d.). Christchurch’s Antarctic Gateway status, relationships and history. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ccc.govt.nz/thecouncil/sistercities/antarcticrelations.aspx

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73. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/e/ep.htm

74. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). The Committee for Environmental Protection. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/e/cep.htm

75. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

76. Antarctica New Zealand (2005). Lake Vanda station. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.scottbase50years.co.nz/history/vanda/info.htm

77. New Zealand Legislation (n.d.). Antarctica (Environmental Protection) Act 1994. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1994/0119/latest/DLM342783.html?search=ts_act_antarctica&sr=1

78. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

79. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

80. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

81. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/e/ep.htm

82. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). Part III: declaration by contracting parties in the thirtieth anniversary year of the entry into force of the Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM16/fr/ATCM16_fr003_e.pdf

83. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

84. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

85. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2010). Treaties and international law: convention on the regulation of antarctic mineral resource activities. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/01-Treaties-for-which-NZ-is-Depositary/0-Antarctic-Mineral-Resource.php

86. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

87. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

88. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand (n.d.). Story: Antarctica and New Zealand: part of page 4 – developments after the Second World War: prime ministerial visit, 1982 (2nd of 3). Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/37202/prime-ministerial-visit-1982

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89. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/2-Antarctic-Treaty-System/1-Conservation-of-Resources.php

90. Digital Commons (n.d.). Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty–the Antarctic Treaty–Antarctic minerals convention–Wellington convention–convention on the regulation of Antarctic mineral resource activities. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1511&context=gjicl

91. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

92. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/2-Antarctic-Treaty-System/1-Conservation-of-Resources.php

93. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2012). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/2-Antarctic-Treaty-System/1-Conservation-of-Resources.php

94. New Zealand Legislation (n.d.). Antarctic Marine Living Resources Act 1981. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1981/0053/latest/DLM52829.html?search=ts_act_Antarctic+Marine&sr=1

95. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2012). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/2-Antarctic-Treaty-System/1-Conservation-of-Resources.php

96. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (n.d.). Text of the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: https://www.ccamlr.org/en/system/files/e-pt1.pdf

97. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

98. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

99. New Zealand Air Line Pilots’ Association (2009). The Erebus story: the loss of TE901: the story. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.erebus.co.nz/Background/TheStory.aspx

100. Parliamentary Counsel Office: New Zealand Legislation (n.d.). Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1977/0028/latest/DLM442579.html

101. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2013). The Ross Dependency. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/1-New-Zealand-and-Antarctica/2-The-Ross-Dependency.php

102. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

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103. International Whaling Commission (IWC) (2014). Membership and contracting governments. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://iwc.int/members

104. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

105. Mt. Erebus Volcano Observatory (2010, May 26). Into the Erebus crater 1974 (part 1). Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4o2VvhMby6Q&list=UUmzt7laJCYZuPPyalIgbpkw

106. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand History: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

107. Victoria University of Wellington (2013). Antarctic Research Centre: history. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/antarctic/about/history

108. Powerhouse Museum (n.d.). David Lewis’ yacht “Ice Bird”, 1962. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=212223

109. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

110. U.S. Geological Survey (2014). Antarctic feature detail. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_ANTAR_ID,P3_TITLE:9371,Marble% 20Peak

111. U.S. Geological Survey (2014). Antarctic feature detail. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_ANTAR_ID,P3_TITLE:14837,Surprise %20Spur

112. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

113. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: Page 5 – Timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

114. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

115. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

116. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

117. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

118. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

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119. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

120. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

121. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

122. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (2011). The Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.ats.aq/e/ats.htm

123. Ministry for the Environment (MfE) (n.d.). Antarctica Treaty System. Retrieved December 1, 2014 from: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/more/international-environmental-agreements/multilateral-environmental-agreements/key-multilateral-0

124. New Zealand Legislation (n.d.). Antarctica Act 1960. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1960/0047/latest/DLM325094.html?search=ts_act_antarctica&sr=1

125. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

126. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

127. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

128. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

129. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

130. U.S. Geological Survey (2014). Antarctic feature detail. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_ANTAR_ID,P3TITLE:10331,Mountain eer%20Range

131. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Edmund Hillary in Antarctica. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/edmund-hillary-antarctica

132. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

133. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

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134. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

135. U.S. Geological Survey (2014). Antarctic feature detail. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_ANTAR_ID,P3_TITLE:1662,Borchgrev ink%20Glacier

136. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

137. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

138. New Zealand Antarctic Society (n.d.). Antarctic – the publication of the New Zealand Antarctic Society. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.antarctic.org.nz/pages/journal.html

139. Antarctica New Zealand (2014). The building of the base began in 1956. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://antarcticanz.govt.nz/scott-base/history

140. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

141. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

142. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

143. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

144. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

145. Antarctica New Zealand (2005). International geographical year. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.scottbase50years.co.nz/history/tae_iggy/expedition/info2.htm

146. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

147. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

148. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

149. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

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150. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

151. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

152. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

153. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

154. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

155. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

156. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

157. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

158. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

159. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

160. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

161. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

162. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

163. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

164. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

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165. Department of the Environment (2011). Sir Douglas Mawson (1882-1958). Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/douglas-mawson

166. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

167. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

168. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

169. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

170. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

171. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

172. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

173. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

174. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

175. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

176. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

177. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

178. Antarctic Heritage Trust (2014). Cape Adare – Antarctica: the forgotten legacy. Retrieved December 15, 2014 from: http://www.norwaysforgottenexplorer.org/

179. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

180. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

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MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER 2015/02

181. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

182. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

183. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

184. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

185. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

186. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

187. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

188. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

189. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/antarctica-and-nz/timeline

190. Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2014). New Zealand history: Antarctica and New Zealand: page 5 – timeline. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/tuati-and-discovery-antarctica