Government Facility «Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine»

APPROVED

Vice-rector on education work

Prof. T.O. Pertseva

“___” ____________ 2013

WORKING PROGRAM

FOR 5TH YEAR STUDENT OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

III-IV level of accreditation 

For speciality 7.110101 – Medical practice

Faculty – Medical

Department – Pharmacology, Clinical

Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomy

The working program was made by d.m.s, Prof., Head of Department of

Pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and pharmacoeconomy Dnipropetrovsk State

Medical Academy V.I. Mamchur, head of clinical pharmacology,

c.m.s Kovalenko O. Y.

Working program was adopted at the Chair Sitting of Department of

Pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and pharmacoeconomy (Minute N 1 from

30.09.2011)

Head of Department of Pharmacology,

clinical pharmacology and pharmacoeconomy,

Professor Mamchur V.I.

Working program was adopted at the Chair Sitting of cyclic methodological

commission (Minute N ___ from 3.09.2011)

Head of cyclic methodological commission

Professor Mamchur V.I.

 EXPLANATORY NOTE.

Clinical pharmacology - the science that deals with the study medications (drugs) to apply to humans (WHO). It teaches doctors to choose from all the existing most effective and safest drug for individualized therapy and prophylaxis considering its associated diseases. Deep knowledge of clinical pharmacology will determine the correct mode of use of drugs, its dosage form and route of administration, prevent and eliminate unwanted side effects and drug interactions with each other.

Knowledge of clinical pharmacology is based on both experimental data and theoretical principles of pharmacology and other sciences and biomedical factual clinical disciplines.

Teaching clinical pharmacology is the most optimal therapy for clinical databases, including the etiology of the disease, the major pathogenetic mechanisms of its formation, its clinical course, the pharmaceutical preparations of the comparative analysis of their choice and desired.

The main objective in teaching the subject should be training specialist with sufficient knowledge and practical skills for the most rational drug therapy in specific patient, specialist, having a methodology Selecting effective and safe drugs that basis of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, indications of possible side effects, peculiarities of disease, age of the patient, the optimal dosage forms, drawing up rational pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drugs combinations. 

The student should be able to develop a strategy and tactics of treatment of disease in specific patient and to control the dynamic efficiency and safety of drug therapy.

According to the curriculum of clinical pharmacology study carried out for 5 year study.

Clinical pharmacology of both disciplines:

a) based on a study of medical students of biology, physiology, pathological physiology, microbiology, medical chemistry, biological chemistry, pharmacology, propaedeutics internal medicine, internal medicine, of tuberculosis, Neurology, Psychiatry, Dermatology, Venereology, traumatology and orthopedics, obstetrics and gynecology, and Integrates with these disciplines.

b) lays the foundation of studying internal medicine by students, general practice (family medicine), Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, which provides integration with the teaching of these disciplines and the formation of skills to apply knowledge of clinical pharmacology in the process of further education and in professional activities

c) establishes a basis of forming ideas about the general principles of drug therapy of major diseases and certain of their manifestations.

Organization of educational process is carried out by credit-modular system according to the Bologna Declaration.

The program is structured discipline for a module consisting of three blocks of content modules, 7 topics workshops according to the "Guidelines on curriculum development training courses" (Ministry of Health of Ukraine of 12.10.2004, № 492).

Student workload described in ECTS credits of evaluation loans to students enrolled in the successful assimilation of their modules (credits of evaluation).

The types of classes according to the curriculum are:

a) practical training,

b) the independent work of students.

Workshops provide an organizational structure:

1.Preparatory stage (organizing, setting educational goals and their motivation, control the output level of knowledge - Test task for the "Step 2", oral theoretical questions, writing prescriptions).

2.Main stage (formation of professional skills and knowledge on broad principles of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical analysis of patients, writing prescriptions, solving common problems and pharmacotherapeutic tests, performance tasks using computer technology).

Duration of practice for each day is 6 hours, the number of days - 5.

During the practical training necessary to use audio-visual teaching aids: tables, slides, collection of drugs, training videos, computer equipment, etc..;

  It is necessary to have practice of clinical analysis of patient studies on the topic on each practical session. It provides:

-Examination of the patient

-Formulation of previous diagnosis

-Appointment necessary medical treatment

-Indications and contraindications for the appointment of a drug

-clinical manifestations of this group of drugs

-Negative manifestations of this group of drugs

-Interaction of various drugs

-Analysis and evaluation of results of instrumental studies and the parameters characterizing the changes in the body's under the influence of the drug.

Each student receives a form "Protocol of practical classes.". In practical classes students protect their work.

Final module control is exercised through its completion. Assessment of students with discipline is the rating and a determination by the ECTS system and the scale, accepted in Ukraine. 

The purpose of teaching

Clinical pharmacology as a subject aims to train specialists who have the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical skills for working with to ensure maximum individualized rational drug therapy in specific patient. 

FINAL STUDY OBJECTIVES OF DISCIPLINE

"CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY" 

The final goal of discipline is formulated according to the educational and professional program (EPP) and educational-qualifying features (EQC)

o Choose the necessary medicines, adequate dosage form and dose mode when prescribing to patients with major pathological syndromes

o Identify the main methods of clinical trial patients to assess the efficacy and safety of drug administration and analyze results

o Use the basic parameters of pharmacokinetics to rational prescription

o Interpret and take into account in clinical practice, clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, side effects and interactions of major groups of medicines

o Predict the consequences of drug interactions in combined use and possess the skills of prevention and correction of adverse effects of medicines

o Conduct survey of patients in order to collect medical history and anticipate the potential complications of pharmacotherapy

Objectives of the discipline

The main objectives of the study of theoretical and practical course of clinical pharmacology are:

forming an integrated system of theoretical principles of clinical pharmacology;

study and evaluation of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs, factors contributing to their change;

development of methodology for comparative evaluation of different drugs;

development of a common methodology of choice of optimal drug, its dose, route input mode in a particular patient for effective and safe drug therapy in view of the functional state of the patient;

mastering the principles of compatibility and incompatibility of drugs during combined drug therapy of various diseases;

explore the factors that increase the risk of side effects of medicines and their combinations;

development of methods and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of specific drugs in the complex medical treatment of various diseases;

mastering the basic principles and patterns to improve efficiency and safety of various drugs in specific patients;

mastering the basic principles of medical ethics, ethical rules of conduct in the clinic, doctor and patient relationship;

acquiring skills of analysis and correction of medical appointments;

mastering skills of receiving, analyzing and disseminating information about the pharmacological properties of drugs;

acquisition of skills in consulting activities among the general public on all matters relating to drugs and drug therapy.

As a result, the study of clinical pharmacology student should know:

1. Principles of ethics, ethics, communication with medical staff, patients.2. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs of different

pharmacological groups, factors that contribute to change.

3. The principles of interaction of drugs in the body of the patient.

4. Principles of comprehensive medical care of major diseases of internal organs.

5. Methods and criteria for evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of drugs of different pharmacological groups.

6. Principles of forecasting, diagnostic criteria manifestations of possible adverse reactions to different medicines and methods of correction and prevention.

The student should be able to:

1. Observe the rules of ethics and deontology; solve complex problems related to the doctor and patient relationship.

2. Interpret data relating to the appointment of a comprehensive patient drug therapy, taking into account the history of the disease, clinical diagnosis, the patient's condition and results of laboratory tests.

3. Provide choice of optimal drug therapy trends in a particular patient.

4. Provide optimal choice of drugs in each pharmacological groups, doses, dosage forms, routes and modes of administration including pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs, their interactions with other drugs, which meant the same time or earlier.

5. Predict and detect early adverse effects of drugs, to conduct its correction.

6. Identify the clinical criteria of efficiency and safety of specific drugs and drug therapy integrated circuits.

7. Advise the medical staff and patients on a wide range of issues relating to optimization of drug therapy.

8. Prepare informational materials for the medical staff of traditional and new drugs, their clinical pharmacology, rational conditions of use;

The program takes into account the modern psychological and pedagogical principles of the educational process. Students are encouraged not simply learning a large amount of information material, and mastery of technique, thus enabling to simulate the entire system of private pharmacological effects.

According to the curriculum for study of the subject is allocated 54 hours, allocated as follows: 30 hours of practical training, 24 hours of independent work.

MAINTENANCE PROGRAM 

GENERAL ISSUES OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Definitions "Pharmacology", "Clinical Pharmacology", "pharmacotherapy," the differences between them.  The original (branded) and generic drugs: definitions, their advantages and disadvantages, requirements for generic drugs. Bioavailability of drugs.  Classification of modern dosage forms and their significance for medicine. Traditional and modern dosage forms.  Clinical features of modern pharmaceutical dosage forms. Criteria for selection of the dosage form for a particular patient.

Clinical aspects pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics of drugs

Definitions "mechanism of action", "pharmacodynamics", "clinical effect", "side effects".  Types of pharmacological action of drugs. Selectivity of drugs and its clinical significance. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs (mechanism and rate of absorption, the relationship of blood proteins, biotransformation, the effect of "first pass", distribution, and ways to speed output, half-life) and their clinical significance. Criteria for designation of drugs - the concept of "evidence" and "contraindications." Clinical (therapeutic) effectiveness of drugs. Factors that influence therapeutic efficacy. Features of application of drugs in different age.

The concept of therapeutic latitude, minimum and maximum dose. 

Principles of monitoring the effectiveness and safety of medicines. The value of clinical and laboratory-instrumental methods of examination of the patient as the criteria of efficiency and safety of drug therapy.

Drug interactions

The interaction of drugs with complex medical care: types (pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic) and the nature of interactions (additive, sensitive, antagonistic, etc.).. Clinical manifestations of the interaction of drugs. Changes in the interaction of drugs in various diseases of internal organs, in patients of all ages. Ways to decrease and increase the strength of interaction of drugs, their use in practical medicine.

Combination medicines. Advantages and disadvantages of combined drugs.

SIDE EFFECTS DRUG

Classification of side effects of drugs, the main types of adverse reactions and complications of medical therapy. Adverse effects that occur at therapeutic drug concentrations in plasma. Toxic complications. Allergic and pseudo allergic reactions. Clinical manifestations of side effects of medications.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY certain groups of drugs

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIAL Antiviral Medications

Modern classification of antibiotics according to chemical structure and mechanism of action. How the chemical structure and pharmacological properties characteristic of certain groups of antibacterial drugs.

Principles of rational antibiotic therapy: criteria for selecting optimal antimicrobial, dose, route input mode depending on the causative agent of the disease, its sensitivity, localization of cell inflammation-spectrum antimicrobial drug, its pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Typical side effects during antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics resistance, mechanisms and measures to prevent its development. Methods of assessing the efficacy and safety of antimicrobial drugs. Diagnostic criteria, methods of correction and prevention of adverse reactions. Possible interaction of antimicrobials with drugs other groups with combined therapy.

Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of certain groups of antibacterial drugs: pharmacodynamic characteristics and pharmacokinetics, interaction with other drugs, side effects, particularly the use at various sites of infection, particularly the use of various categories of patients. Penicillin. Cephalosporins. Karbapenemy. Monobaktamy. Aminohlykozydy. Glycopeptides. Tetracycline. Macrolides.Linkosamidy. Polypeptides. Fluoroquinolones. Sulfonamides. Nitrofurans. Nitroimidazoly. Antifungal medications. Antiviral agents.

The choice of antibacterial drugs and especially their use in various infections: upper respiratory tract and upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, skin, soft tissues, bones and joints , urinary tract, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract infections in obstetrics and Gynecology; into hospital infections. Antibiotics prophylaxis in surgery.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY drugs INFLUENCING THE RESPIRATORY

Bronchial dilators: selective and unselective B-2-adrenomimetics M-cholinolytics, xanthine derivatives.

Drugs that eliminate the swelling of the mucous membrane of the bronchi: stabilizers smooth membranes of cells, inhaled glucocorticoids. Antihistamines: I – III generations.

Expectorant and mucolytics. Antitussives drugs the central and peripheral actions.

Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of certain groups of drugs: pharmacodynamic characteristics and pharmacokinetics, interaction with other drugs, side effects, particularly the use depending on the clinical disease. Methods of evaluation and performance criteria and safety of drug therapy. Diagnosis, correction and prevention of adverse reactions. The principles and criteria for selecting the optimal drug, dose, route input mode, taking into account severity and reversibility of airway obstruction, the degree and level of bronchsmus, quantity and viscosity of sputum, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac functional status, presence of allergic component factors that affect the sensitivity to the drug. Precautions in the various categories of patients. Modern special dosage forms for pulmonology, their clinical and biopharmaceutical characteristics.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS

NSAIDs:.modern classification. Selective, specific and unselective inhibitors of COX-1, COX-2 and COX-3.Prescription and OTC medications that are used in non-infectious inflammatory diseases.Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of certain groups of drugs: the characteristic features of the mechanism of action (effect on cyclooxygenase), pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, interaction with other drugs, side

effects, performance criteria and safety of drug therapy. Diagnosis, correction and prevention of adverse reactions.Clinical pharmacology of antirheumatic drugs slow action.Clinical pharmacology of steroid anti-inflammatory drugs.Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of specific drugs: the characteristics of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, interaction with other drugs, side effects, particularly the use depending on the clinical disease, particularly the use of various categories of patients. Types of glucocorticoid therapy (compensating, suppressor, pharmacodynamic). Methods of evaluation and performance criteria and safety of drug therapy. Diagnosis, correction and prevention of adverse reactions.

The principles and criteria for selecting the optimal drug, dose, route input mode based localization, intensity and generalization of the inflammatory process, expression of pain, of the gastrointestinal tract, blood systems, kidney function. Precautions in the various categories of patients.

Modern special dosage forms of anti-inflammatory drugs, their clinical and biopharmaceutical characteristics.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY drugs used for the treatment

cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiac glycosides: pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological properties dependence on the chemical structure. Criteria for effectiveness and safety of cardiac glycosides. Latitude therapeutic effects, toxicity, clinical manifestations of intoxication cardiac glycosides, its treatment and prevention. Interaction of cardiac glycosides with other drugs. Synergism with adrenomimetics cardiac glycosides and calcium. Criteria for selection of drug, dose, route input mode based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of the gastrointestinal tract, organs of excretion and metabolism, the rhythm of heart rate, contractile state and myocardial function leading, speed of effect, the capacity for accumulation, and drug interactions factors contributing to change in sensitivity to the drug. Precautions in the various categories of patients. Nitrates. Nitrate similar compounds. Features pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, side effects, interactions with other drugs, criteria for evaluating the efficacy and safety applications. Modern nitrate drugs special dosage forms, their clinical and biopharmaceutical characteristics.

ACE inhibitors: features of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, side effects, interactions with other drugs, criteria for evaluating the efficacy and safety applications.

Beta-blockers (selective and not selective, with internal sympathomimetic activity): pharmacodynamic characteristics (selectivity, internal sympathomimetic

activity) and pharmacokinetics, side effects, interactions with other drugs, criteria for evaluating the efficacy and safety applications.

Calcium channel blockers (phenylalkylamine derivatives, and diphenylalkylamine, benzodiazepine, dihydroperidine derivatives I-1II generations pharmacodynamic features and pharmacokinetics, side effects, interactions with other drugs, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and safety applications.

Alpha-blockers: nonselective drugs. Features pharmacodinamics and pharmacokinetics, side effects, interactions with other drugs, criteria for evaluating the efficacy and safety applications.

Peripheral vasodilators.

Activators brake CNS structures that reduce sympathetic impulses to blood vessels and heart and second generations: features pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, side effects, interactions with other drugs, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and safety applications.

Hypolipidemic drugs: statins, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates and other drugs groups.

Antiarrhythmics I (I a, I b, I c), II, III and IV classes, M-cholynoblockers, electrolytes.

Criteria for effectiveness of drug therapy in cardiology. Possible complications of medical therapy in cardiology, methods of prediction and prevention. Joint use of antianginal, antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive agents. Interaction of drugs used in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Features use of antianginal, antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive remedy in patients with concomitant pathology. Drugs that may adversely affect the cardiovascular system.

Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of certain groups of drugs: pharmacodynamic characteristics and pharmacokinetics, interaction with other drugs, side effects, particularly the use depending on the clinical disease. Methods of evaluation and performance criteria and safety of drug therapy. Diagnosis, correction and prevention of adverse reactions. The principles and criteria for selecting the optimal drug, dose, route input mode. Precautions in the various categories of patients.

Clinical pharmacology of drugs affecting renal excretory function

Osmotic diuretics. "Loop" diuretics. Thiazides. Potassium-sparing diuretics. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of certain groups of drugs: pharmacodynamic characteristics and pharmacokinetics, effects on acid-base balance of the body, interaction with other drugs, side effects, particularly the use depending on the disease and its clinical presentation. Methods of evaluation and performance criteria and safety of drug therapy. Diagnosis, correction and prevention of adverse reactions. The principles and criteria for selecting the optimal drug, dose, route input mode based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, severity of disease severity edema syndrome, disorders of electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood pressure, condition of excretion and metabolism, drug interactions and factors contributing to the change of sensitivity to the drug. Precautions in the various categories of patients.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY drugs used for VIOLATION OF THE ORGANS DIGESTIVE TRACT

Drugs used for increasing the secretory function of gastric mucosa: antacids, proton pump inhibitors, H2-I-V histamineblockers I-V generations, M-selective and non- selective cholinolytics; antihelicobacter drugs. Gastrocytoprotectors .

Drugs used in violation of the motor function of the stomach and intestines: emetic and antiemetic products, laxatives and Antidiarrheal agents. Enzyme drugs. Prokinetics. Drugs used in the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis.

Drugs used in violation of bile: choleretics (synthetic and vegetable, mineral water), cholekinetics (synthetic and herbal), choleantispasmodic, cholelitolitics. Hepatoprotectors.

Prescription and OTC drugs used in diseases of the digestive tract.

Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of certain groups of drugs: pharmacodynamic characteristics and pharmacokinetics, interaction with other drugs, side effects, particularly the use depending on the clinical disease. Methods of evaluation and performance criteria and safety of drug therapy. Possible complications of medical therapy in gastroenterology. Diagnosis, correction and prevention of adverse reactions. The principles and criteria for selecting the optimal drug, dose, route input mode.

Joint use of facilities that affect the function of the digestive system. Interaction of drugs and their use especially in the presence of co morbidity in different categories of patients.

Criteria for effectiveness of drug therapy in gastroenterology and hepatology. The influence of the functional state of the stomach and liver on clinical efficacy of pharmacological agents. Influence of drugs of different groups on the function of the stomach, intestines and liver. Modern special dosage forms for Gastroenterology, their clinical and biopharmaceutical characteristics.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY drugs affecting the blood system

Drugs that affect blood coagulation and fibrinolysis: Drugs that stimulate adhesion and platelet aggregation, methods that increase the formation of fibrin blood clots; inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Antithrombotic agents: antiplatelet agents, methods that prevent the formation of fibrin clots (anticoagulants direct and indirect actions). Drugs that activate fibrinolysis system.

Prescription and OTC drugs used in diseases of the blood.

Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of certain groups of drugs: pharmacodynamic characteristics and pharmacokinetics, interaction with other drugs, side effects, particularly the use depending on the clinical disease. Methods of assessment and criteria for effectiveness and safety of drug therapy. Possible complications of drug therapy for blood diseases. Diagnosis, correction and prevention of adverse reactions. The principles and criteria for selecting the optimal drug, dose, route input mode. Precautions in the various categories of patients.

Clinical pharmacology of drugs to regulate metabolic processes

Hormonal drugs. Clinical pharmacology of insulin. Choice of insulin. Possible complications of insulin therapy. Antagonists of insulin. Clinical pharmacology of oral antidiabetic agents. Combined use of drugs. Principles of therapy and medication to correct hypo-and hyperglycemic coma. Features the use of hormones as replacement, stimulating and inhibiting therapy, as well as in diseases of non-hormonal nature. Approaches to the choice of drugs for diseases of the endocrine system.

Clinical pharmacology of oral contraceptives. Modern dosage forms of contraception, their clinical and biopharmaceutical characteristics, facilities management applications. The interaction of contraceptives with other therapeutic agents. Effect of contraceptives on laboratory parameters.

Clinical pharmacology of drugs that affect the immune system

Drugs affecting the immune system: immunostimulators microbial, animal, synthetic immunostimulators.

Prescription and OTC medicines used to regulate the immune system.

Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of certain groups of drugs: pharmacodynamic characteristics and pharmacokinetics, interaction with other drugs, side effects, particularly the use depending on the clinical disease. Methods of evaluation and performance criteria and safety of drug therapy.

Combined use of drugs that affect the regulation of the immune system, their interaction with each other pharmacological agents and groups.

LIST OF PRACTICAL SKILLS

On the basis of clinical diagnosis, based on individual patient characteristics (sex, age, concomitant diseases) to:

o the optimal choice of drug for a particular patient;o selection of the optimal dosage form, route of administration, dosage

schemes;

o risk prediction and detection of early signs of side effects of medicines;

o collection of medical history the patient;

o the drug and the conditions of its rational use.

The plan of classes

Module Class Тopic hoursModule 1. General questions of clinical pharmacology. Antimicrobial drugs.

Clinical pharmacology drugs influencing on permeability of bronchuses.

Antiinflammatory drugs.

1 Subject and tasks of clinical pharmacology. Basic positions of

pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Clinical pharmacology antimicrobial (topic №1) and antifungal drugs (topic №2).

6

2 Clinical pharmacology drugs influencing on permeability of bronchuses. (topic №3)

Antiinflammatory drugs. (topic № 4). Self-contained work №1: Clinical pharmacology of antiallergic drugs (topic № 5)

6

Module 2. Clinical pharmacology dgrus influencing on cardi-vascular system.

3 Clinical pharmacology antianginal and antiishemic drugs.

Clinical pharmacology hipolipidemical drugs.(topic №6)

Self-contained work №2. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet and

6

thrombolytic drugs (topic №7)

№3. Clinical pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs (topic №8)4 Clinical pharmacology antihypertensive drugs (topic №9) and

drugs inpruving brain blood circulation (topic №10).

4

Module №3 Clinical

pharmacology drugs

influencing on the

gastrointestinsl tract.

4 Clinical pharmacology drugs influencing on the gastrointestinsl

tract. Enzymes (topic №12)

Hepatoprotectors. (topic №13).

Self-contained work:№4 clinical pharmacology drugs used for the treatment hipochromic (iron-deficienty) and hyperhromic anaemias. (topic № 14)

2

5 Clinical pharmacology drugs influencing on the gastrointestinsl

tract. Antiulcer drugs. (topic №15). Drugs affecting gastric

motility (topic №16). Drugs used in disbalance of intestinal flora.

(topic №17)

Self-contained work:№5.Clinical pharmacology of contraceptives. (topic №18)

4

5 Final module control 2Total 30

The list of drugs for practical classes

1 class 2 class 3 class 4 class 5 classAzithromycin Epinephrinum Izosorbite mononitrate Enalapril Atropine sulfas

Amikacin Аmbroxolum Isosorbite dinitrate Captopril Colloidal bismuth subcitrate

Amoxicillin Аcetylcysteinum Nitroglycerine Lizinopril Domperidone

Acyclovir Euphyllinum Моlsidomine Perindopril Drotaverine

Benzylpenicillins Tiotropii brortidum

Amlodipine Ramipril Lactulose

Vancomycin Salbutamol Verapamil Fosinopril Loperamide (Imodium)

Gentamycin Salmeterol Diltiazem Valsartan Mebeverin

Doxycycline Fenoterol Nifedipine Irbesartan Metoclopramide

Imipenem Beclomethasone Atenolol Candesartan Оmeprazole

Interferonum alfa Montelukast Bisoprolol Lozartan Pirenzepine

Clarithromycin Hydrocortisone Carvedilol Telmisartan Prifinium bromidum

Clindamycin Dexamethasone Metoprolol Methyldopa Rabeprazolum

Levofloxacinum Diclophenac Nebivolol Clophelinum Sucralfate

Rifampicin Мeloxicam Ivabrabine Doxazozin Famotidine

Ribavirinum Methyl- prednisolone

Alteplase Digoxin

Streptomycin Nimesulide Aminocapronicacid

Dobutamine

Sulfadimethoxine Prednisolone Acetylsalicylic acid Dopamin

Sulfasalazin Rofecoxib Warfarinum Strofanthin

Tetracycline Celecoxib Heparin Hypothiazid

Tobramycin Acaetominofen Etamsylat IndapamidFluconazole Enoxaparin Spironolactone

Cephalexin Nadroparinum Torasernid

Cefepime Streptokinase Furosemide

Cephotaxime Clopidogrel Ademethyonin

Cephtriaxone Aethcizinum Essentiale Н

Cephuroxime Аmiodarone Octreotid

Ceftazidimum Lidocaine Pancreatin

Ciprofloxacin Sotalol Silimarin

Procain amide Ursodeoxycholic acid

Аtorvastatinum Cholagolum

Citrarginin

Theoretical questions for modular control:

1.Classification. Spectrum of anti-microbial action. Mechanism of action. General characteristics of penicillins, their peculiarities and clinical use. Comparative characteristic. Dosage.

2.Classification. Spectrum of anti-microbial action. Mechanism of action. General characteristics of cephalosporines, their peculiarities and clinical use. Comparative characteristic. Dosage.3.Classification. Spectrum of anti-microbial action. Mechanism of action. General characteristics of carbapenems, their peculiarities and clinical use. Comparative characteristic. Dosage.4.Classification. Spectrum of anti-microbial action. Mechanism of action. General characteristics of aminogycosides, their peculiarities and clinical use. Comparative characteristic. Dosage.5. Classification. Spectrum of anti-microbial action. Mechanism of action. General characteristics of flouroquinolones, their peculiarities and clinical use. Comparative characteristic. Dosage.6. Classification. Spectrum of anti-microbial action. Mechanism of action. General characteristics of macrolides, their peculiarities and clinical use. Comparative characteristic. Dosage.7.Main principles of antibiotic therapy. Rational choice of preparation. Criteria of an estimation of the chemotherapeutic drugs. 8.Classification drugs influencing on permeability of bronchuses. 9. β2 – adrenomimetics with shot effect: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, indication, contraindications, side-effects. Dosage. 10.β2 – adrenomimetics with prolonged effect: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, indication, contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.11.Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase: mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, side-effects. Dosage.12.Glucocorticosteroids: mechanism of action, advantages form for inhalation. Dosage.13. Side-effects during prolong use form for inhalation of glucocorticosteroids.14. H1- histamine reseptor blockers:classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indication, contraindications. 15. Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussive drugs: mechanism of action, side-effects, contraindications. Dosage.16. Interaction of drugs influencing on permeability of bronchuses.17. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: сlassification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.18. NSAIDs: indication, contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.19. Comparative characteristics of different group NSAIDs. 20.General classification antianginal drugs.21.Nitrates: mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, classification. 22.Nitrates: indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.

23.Β-adrenoblockers: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, classification. 24.Β-adrenoblockers: indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.25.Calcium channels blockers: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, classification.26.Calcium channels blockers: indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.27.Drugs acting on myocardial metabolism: mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, indications and contraindications.28.Antiplatelet drugs: mechanism of action, classification. Dosage.29. Anticoagulants: classification, side-effects.30. Hipolipidemical drugs: classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications.31.General classification antihypertensive drugs. 32.ACE inhibitors : mechanism of antihypertensive action, pharmacological effects, indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.33.Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: mechanism of antihypertensive action, pharmacological effects, indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.34.β- adrenoblockers: mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.35.Calcium channels blockers: mechanism of antihypertensive action, pharmacological effects, side-effects. Dosage.36.Classification of diuretics.37.“Loop” diuretics: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications and contraindications, side-effects. 38.Thiazides diuretics: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications and contraindications, side-effects. 39.Potassium-sparing diuretics: mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, indications and contraindications, side-effects. 40. Principles of combined antihypertensive therapy.41.Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. 42.Features of clinical application antiarrhytmic drugs depending on kinds of infringements of the heart rhythm. 43.Cardiac Glycosides: classification, pharmacological effects, indications, choice doses. 44.Nonglycoside inotropic drugs: pharmacological effects, indication.45.Hepatoprotectors: classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications and contraindications. Dosage.46.Enzymes: pharmacological features, indication, adverse effects. Dosage.

47.Drugs affecting gastric motility: classification.48.Selective dopamine receptor antagonists: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.49.Laxative drugs: classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications and contraindications, side-effects.50.Drugs decreasing intestinal motility (cholinoblockers, myotropic spasmolytic, opioid receptor agonist): classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, indications and contraindications, side-effects.51.Drugs for treatment disbalance of intestinal flora and infections of gastrointestinal tract (probiotics, prebiotics, intestinal antiseptic).52.Inhibitors of proton pump: classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.53.H2-histamine receptor blockers: classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications and contraindications, side-effects. Dosage.54.Antacids: classification, mechanism of action, pharmacological effects. Dosage. 55.Antiulcer therapy, antihelicobacterial drugs.

The register of books:

1. Katzung Bertram, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 1232 pages, 2009 year

2. Goodman's and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th

edition 2006year, 1984pages.

3. Heinz Luellmann, Klaus Mohr, Lutz Hein, Detlef Bieger Color Atlas of

Pharmacology 2005, 414 p.

4. “Pharmacology with general prescription” Text-book for English-speaking

medical students” O.Stefanov, V.Kucher. Kiev, 2004 year, 155 pages

5. “pharmacology at your palms” reference book. S.M. Drozdov,

T.A.Kutsenko. Kharkiv, 2005year, 80 pages.

6. “Study guide to basic pharmacology” T.V. Ganziy, Kharkiv, 2006 year,262

pages.