working safer and smarter guidelines

Working Safer and SmarterGuidelines

for Auckland Transport and Contractors

2011 Edition

Working Safely Guidelines

How to use this guideWhen you work for Auckland Transport we will expect you (and your sub-contractors) to become familiar with the helpful information in this guide as part of our induction process.

Where there is ambiguity or inconsistency between the guide, other requirements and your own procedures, you must assess all relevant considerations to determine the best method to use in each circumstance.

• The term 'Principal' is used throughout this guide to refer to the Auckland Council, from the contractor's perspective.

This guide is the basis for continued improvement in health, safety and environmental management.

It is designed as a handy reference document to assist contractors with preparing environmental management plans and site safety management plans, and to meet requirements of the Health and Safety in Employment (HSE) Act, and the Resource Management Act (RMA).

Each Act gives responsibilities to employers and the 'Principal' including:

• Undertaking hazard identification and management, and identifying the key environmental effects and risks of contractors' routine work.

• Continually monitoring the site.

• Ensuring the prevention of harm or nuisance to employees, the public and contractors.

• Providing adequate training and supervision for employees in the safe use of equipment and materials, and implementation of environmental requirements.

• Providing information to employees (and seeking involvement) about hazards they are exposed to and how to minimise them.

• Highlighting key legal controls on workplace hazards and environmental effects, and providing some practical guidelines to help you manage them.

Contractors acting on behalf of Auckland Transport must know and understand their legal obligations.

The content of this guide does not supersede the contractor's responsibility to identify legal requirements and project risks, and manage them well.

If you have any questions or concerns, please talk with your supervisor, manager, safety and/or environmental representative, or Auckland Transport representative.

Introduction

Working Safer & Smarter

Table of Contents

Section One: Health and Safety1.1 ResponsibilitiesoftheContractor 1

1.2 ResponsibilitiesofthePrincipal 2

1.3 SeriousHarm 2

1.4 SignificantHazards 2

1.5 ReportingAccidents 3

1.6 AccidentReportingandInvestigationProcess 3

1.7 ManagingInjuries 3

1.8 FirstAid 4

1.9 Rehabilitation/Return-to-workProgramme 4

1.10HealthMonitoring 4

1.11 PersonalProtectiveEquipmentPolicy 5

1.12Principal'sSafetyRules 7

Section Two: Hazard Management Checklists2.1 Driving–General 9

2.2 Driving–ExcavatorsandTractors 10

2.3 TrafficManagement 11

2.4 SmallPlant 11

2.5 Excavations 13

2.6 WorkonorinWater 14

2.7 Chemicals(MSDS) 14

2.8 GeneralOfficeEnvironments 15

2.9 GeneralEnvironment 15

2.10Workshops–PlantandTools 17

2.11Carpentry 18

2.12PaintingandPlumbing 19

2.13RailSafetyRegime 20

Section Three: Environmental Management Obligations3.1 EnvironmentalLegalControls

onContractors'Work 22

3.2 EnvironmentalManagementPlans 23

3.3 ManagingSub-contractors 24

3.4 DoingOn-the-jobInspections 24

3.5 KeepingUp-to-dateRecords 24

3.6 RespondingtoEmergenciesandComplaints 25

3.7 IncidentResponseandNotificationChart 26

Section Four: Common Construction Activities and Typical Environmental RisksMitigatingEnvironmentalRisks

4.1 ConstructionandEarthworks 29

4.2 StormwaterInspection,MaintenanceandReplacement 31

4.3 ConcretingandPiling 32

4.4 ContaminationofSurfaceandUndergroundWater 33

4.5 RoadSurfacingandConstruction 33

4.6 Utilities 35

4.7 TrenchlessWork 36

4.8 SubstancesHandlingandContaminatedMaterials 38

4.9 Noise,VibrationandDust 39

4.10PlantandEquipment 40

4.11Trees,WeedsandParks 41

4.12BoredTunnelling 43

4.13Microtunnelling 43

4.14Excavation 44

4.15Grouting 45

Section Five: Environmental Issues5.1 Water 47

5.2 Waste 51

5.3 Noise 52

5.4 Vibration 54

5.5 Dust,EmissionsandOdours 56

5.6 Archaeology 57

5.7 OtherConsiderations 58

Section Six: Additional Resources6.1 Training 60

6.2 HelpfulContacts 60


Section One

Section One

Health and Safety


Health and Safety

1.1 Responsibilities of the Contractor (under the Health and Safety in Employment Act)Hazard Identification

Employersmusthaveasystemtoidentifyexistingandnewhazardstoemployees.

Hazard Control

Forsignificanthazards,employersmustimplementappropriatecontrolstoeliminate,isolateorminimisethem.

Workplace Monitoring

Employersmustuseworkplacemonitoringtoobtainanaccurateassessmentoftheexposureofemployeestophysical,chemicalorbiologicalagents.Theresultsneedtobeassessedagainstacceptablestandardstodeterminethemostappropriatecontrols.

Employee Information

Employersmustensuretheirstaffreceiveandunderstandhealthandsafetyinformationaboutallsignificanthazards,aswellasemergencyprocedures.

Training of Employees

Employersmustidentifytrainingneedsintheorganisation,ensuringallemployeesaretrainedtodealwithworkplacehazards.

Supervision of Employees

Employersmustensurethatallemployees,whodonothavetheknowledgeandexperiencerequired,aresupervisedbysomeonewhodoes.

Emergency Plans

Employersmusthaveaneffectivegeneralemergencyplantocopewithalltypesofemergencieslikelytooccuratanypartoftheorganisation'soperation,andtocomplywithlegislativerequirements.

Accidents

Employersmustdevelopandimplementanaccidentrecording,reportingandinvestigationsystemtoensure:

• Allaccidentsthatharmedormighthaveharmedanyemployeeatwork,oranypersoninaplaceofworkcontrolledbytheemployer,andeveryoccurrenceofseriousharm,arerecorded,investigated,andremedialactiontaken;

• AllinstancesofseriousharmarereportedtotheOccupationalSafetyandHealthServiceoftheDepartmentofLabourassoonaspossibleandwrittendetailsprovidedwithinsevendaysoftheoccurrence.

Harm to Others

Employersmustidentifyandimplementanymeasurestobetakentoensurenoactionorinactionbyemployees,whileatwork,causesharmtoanyotherperson(includingotheremployees).

Duties as Principal

Employersmustdeterminewhatpracticablestepscanbetaken,asthePrincipalinacontract,toensurethosecontractors,sub-contractors,andtheiremployeesarenotharmedwhileundertakingworktheywereengagedtodo.

Involvement of Employees

Employersarerequiredtoensurethatallemployeeshavetheopportunitytobefullyinvolvedinthedevelopmentofproceduresforhazardmanagementorfordealingwithemergenciesorimminentdangers.

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2

Duties of Employees

Employeesmusttakeallpracticablestepstoensuretheirownsafetywhileatworkandthattheydonotcauseharmtoanyotherperson.

1.2 Responsibilities of the PrincipalUnderthetermsoftheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct,wehavearesponsibilitytoensurethatanycontractorsemployedareactiveinpromotinghealthandsafetyintheworkplace.Wemusttakeallpracticalstepstoensurethatnoemployeeofacontractororsub-contractorisharmedwhiledoinganyworkthatthecontractororsub-contractorwasengagedtodo.

PhysicalworkscontractorsemployedbythePrincipalaretoseekaccreditationbytheAccidentCompensationCorporation(ACC),andmaintainPrincipalapprovalstatusby:

• Thecontractortohaveinplaceacceptablehealthandsafetypractices;

• ThecontractortobeinductedbythePrincipal;

• Thecontractor'sperformancetobereviewed/monitoredbythePrincipalonaregularbasis,includingareviewattheendofthecontract.

Responsibilities of Contractor's Staff:

Itisaprimeresponsibilityofallstaffandemployeesofacontractortoensurethattheirworkisperformedsafelyandwithoutinjurytothemselves,othermembersofstaff,orthegeneralpublic.Partofthisresponsibilityistoidentifyallhazardsthatarelikelytobeencounteredintheworkplaceandputcontrolsinplacetoeliminate,isolate,orminimisethem.

1.3 Serious HarmSeriousharmisdefinedas:

1. Anyofthefollowingconditionsthatamountto,orresultinpermanentlossofbodilyfunction,ortemporaryseverelossofbodilyfunction:

Respiratorydisease,noise-inducedhearingloss,neurologicaldisease,stressandfatigue,cancer,dermatologicaldisease,communicabledisease,musculoskeletaldisease,illnesscausedbyexposuretoinfectedmaterial,decompressionsickness,poisoning,visionimpairment,chemicalorhotmetalburntoeye,penetratingwoundtoeye,bonefracture,laceration,crushing

2. Amputationofbodypart

3. Burnsrequiringreferraltoaspecialistregisteredmedicalpractitionerorspecialistout-patientclinic

4. Lossofconsciousnessfromlackofoxygen

5. Lossofconsciousnessoracuteillnessrequiringtreatmentbyaregisteredmedicalpractitioner,fromabsorption,inhalation,oringestionofanysubstance

6. Anyharmthatcausesthepersonharmedtobehospitalisedforaperiodof48hoursormorecommencingwithinsevendaysoftheharm'soccurrence.

Note: Complete definitions are provided in the HSE Act 1992.

1.4 SignificantHazardsSignificanthazardmeansahazardthatisanactualorpotentialcauseorsourceof:

a) Seriousharm;or

b) Harmwhoseseveritydependsonhowlongapersonisexposedtothehazard;or

c) Harm,whichdoesnotoccuror,isnoteasilydetectable,untilasignificanttimeafterexposuretothehazard.

Note: Actual definitions provided in the HSE Act 1992.

IntheeventofasignificanthazardbeingdiscoveredintheinvestigationoftheaccidentanditisnotalreadycoveredintheHealthandSafetyPlan(e.g.anewhazard),thentheaccidentinvestigatormustcompleteanimprovementreportandupdatethehazardregistercommunicatingtoallaffectedparties.

Health and Safety


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1.5 Reporting Accidents to the Principal and OSHItisimportantthatallaccidents(ornearmissincidentsthathavepotentialtocauseseriousharm)arereportedtothefollowingorganisations:

1. ThePrincipalneedstoinvestigatewhytheaccident/incidentoccurred,andpreventarecurrenceifpossible.

2. SeriousharmmustbereportedtotheOccupationalSafetyandHealthService(OSH)oftheDepartmentofLabourassoonaspossible(see'MajorAccident'procedure,below).

3. Theappropriatepeoplewithinyourownbusiness,incaseACCisneededlater.

Allaccidentsatworkinvolvingeithertreatmentbyamedicalpractitioner,losttimeinjury(8hours+),oraseriousnearmissordeath,mustbereportedwithin2 hours (or as soon as practical).

Furthermore,a written report must be prepared and received within 24 hours(asstatedinthecontractualdocument).

Accidentswillnotbeconsideredaworkplaceaccidentifreportedoutsidethistime.Nearmissincidentsthathavethepotentialtocauseseriousharmmustalsobereported.

1.6 Accident Reporting and Investigation ProcessAccidentsandnearmissincidentsaretobereportedtotheemployee'ssupervisorormanagerandanaccidentformcompletedbytheemployee.Accidentsaredividedinto:

• Minoraccidents–firstaidmaybeneededbutnofurthertreatmentisnecessary;

• Majoraccidents–medicaltreatment(i.e.treatmentbyamedicalpractitioner)orhospitalisationisrequired,orseriousharm;

• Fatalaccidents.

Minoraccidentswiththepotentialforseriousharm,majorandfatalaccidentsmustbethoroughlyinvestigatedandafullaccidentreportcompleted(inadditiontotheaccidentform).Theaccidentreportistobecompletedbythepersoninvestigating,notthepersonwhohashadtheaccident.Otherminoraccidentsmayalsobeinvestigated.

OSHmustbenotifiedwithin24hourswhenseriousharm(seedefinitiononPg.2)hasoccurred.AwrittensummaryusingtheOSHSeriousHarmformmustbecompletedwithin7days.

Five Step Accident Investigation Procedure:

1 Determinethelevelofinvestigationtobecarriedout.

2 Appointadesignatedaccidentinvestigatortoinvestigateandreportontheaccident/incident.

3 CarryouttheinvestigationfollowinganAccidentInvestigationChecklist.

PrepareanAccidentInvestigationReportandsubmitreporttothePrincipal.

4 ReviewImprovements.

5 Implementrecommendationswithinacceptedtimeparameters.

1.7 Managing InjuriesSprainandstraintypeinjuriesarethemostcommontypesofinjuryoccurringwithcontractors.Theeffectivemanagementoftheseinjurieshasradicallychangedinrecentyears.Traditionalconceptsemphasisingbedrestandpassivetreatmenthavebeendemonstratedasineffective.Instead,ithasbeenshownthatkeepingapersonasactiveaspossibleisthemosteffectivemethod.

Earlyinterventionisakeyfactoringettingrapidrehabilitation.Whenyousufferaninjuryyoumustseekearlyprofessionaladvice.

Health and Safety


IfyouarethePrincipal'semployee,andhaveaninjurythatresultsinlosttime,youwillberequiredtoseethePrincipal'smedicalproviderassoonaspossibleaftertheinjuryoccurs.Thesepeopleknowourworkplaceandcanhelpwithadviceonwhattaskscanbedoneandwhattoavoidduringreturn-to-workprogrammes.

1.8 First AidFirst aid kits:Well-stocked(andregularlymaintained)firstaidkitsarerequiredoneachworksite.Worksiteincludesvehiclesusedasaworktravelrequirement.

First aiders:Aminimumofonecertifiedfirstaiderisrequiredpersite(lessthan50people)foreachshift.

1.9 Rehabilitation/Return-to-Work ProgrammeArehabilitationprocessisoutlinedbelow.

Manager RecognisesattheearliestopportunitythereisahealthissuethatwillneedmanagingandadvisestheHealth&SafetyManager.

Health&SafetyManager

Intervenestodeveloparehabilitationprogrammeasearlyaspossiblewhenanemployeebecomesinjuredorill.AdviseOperations/ProjectsManageroftheissueandsubsequentactionplan.Additionalhelpmayincludeacasemanager,medicalprofessionals,orrehabilitationspecialists.Developsaprogrammejointlywiththeemployeeandtheappropriateadvisors.Alternativetasksidentified.

Operations/ProjectsManager

Monitorsprogresstoensurecorrectactionisoccurring.

Injured/SickEmployee Co–operateswiththeorganisationindevelopingarehabilitationplan.Isinvolvedinplanningstageanddecision-making.Co-operateswithtrainingprogrammesandinmakingrelevantinformationavailable.

Manager Followsuponrehabilitationprogramme.Maintainsrecords.

1.10 Health MonitoringPre-employment Checks

Beforecommencementofemployment,allpermanentandfixed-termemployeesshouldcompleteamedicalquestionnaire.

Monitoring Staff for Impact of Hazards

Healthmonitoringshouldbedonerelevanttoeachhazard.Staffareexpectedtoco-operatewiththisandneedtosignanauthoritytoallowtheexchangeofinformationforthepurposeofhealthmanagement.

Forexample:

Hazard Monitoring

Noise Hearingtests

Dirty,dusty,contaminatedenvironment Lungfunctiontestandrespiratoryquestionnaire

Physicalwork Flexibilityandgripstrength

Usingcomputers

Eyestrain

Gradualprocessinjury

Eyesighttests

Flexibilityandgripstrength

Thetypeofmonitoringforthehazardisreviewedandmodifiedperiodically.

4 Health and Safety


Health and Safety 5

Monitoring Workplaces for Hazards

Confinedspaces(orotherhazardousworkplaces)willbemonitoredforgases(orotheridentifiedbiologicalhazards).

Other Health Checks

Fromtimetotimeotherhealthchecksmaybemadeavailabletostaff.Thesemayincludebloodpressurechecks,skinspotchecks,influenzavaccinations,diabetesandcholesteroltesting.

Cell Phones

Neveruseahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving.

1.11 Personal Protective Equipment PolicyItisourpolicytousePersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)asalastlineofdefenceforprotectingstafffromidentifiedhazardsandasonecomponentofthehazardmanagementsystem.EachstaffmembershallbetrainedinthecorrectuseofPPE.

TheuseofPPEismandatoryonallPrincipalphysicalworksitesandthisrequirementwillbestrictlyenforcedatalltimes.

On Site

Allcontractors/visitors/clientsmustsigninatthevisitors'register(whichwillspecifyhazardsandappropriatecontrolsforthatsite)ateverysite.ThePPErequirementsofthesitewillbeexplainedbythepersonincontrol,tominimisethesitehazards.

Head Protection

Safetyhelmetsshallbeworn:

• Atanysitewherethereisahazardcreatedbythepossibilityoffallingmaterial;• Inoperationswherediggers,hiabs,orcranesarebeingused;• Whenworkingunderhelicopters;• AllhelmetsshallbeofHighVisibility(Hi-Vis)colour,namelyfluorescent(fluoro)yellow/limeorfluoro

pinkorwhiteandshallbekeptclean.Allstandardsafetyhelmetsandhelmetharnessesshallbenomorethan3yearsoldasdeterminedbythemanufacturer'sdatestampsandshallbereplacedimmediatelyifdamaged;

• Shouldbecompatiblewithanyeye/hearing/respiratoryprotectionworn.

Eye Protection• Wornwherethereisdangerofflyingdebris,dustorvegetationbrushinginface.• Forthepurposeofthispolicy,approvedeyeprotectionisdefinedas:

− Ameshvisorormeshgoggles;− PolycarbonatelensesorfaceshieldsthatmeetorareapprovedtoAS/NZS1337:1992.

• Peoplewearingprescriptionspectaclesmadeofglass(hardenedornothardened)shalltakeadditionalprecautions,i.e.wearingwiremeshvisorsorpolycarbonateoverspectacles.

• DustgogglesshallconformtoAS/NZS1337:1993.

Hearing Protection• Hearingprotectionshallbewornwherenoiselevelsmaycausehearingdamage.

• HearingprotectorsshallcomplywithAS/NZS126.

Respiratory Protection• Respiratoryprotectiondevicesshallbeprovidedwhereanyindividualisexposedtoachemicaldust,gas

orfumehazard(orotherparticulatematter).RespiratorsshallcomplywithAS/NZS1715:1994.• Dustmasksshallbewornindustyareaswheretherearenochemicalorfumehazards.


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Sunscreen and Hats• Wherepeoplearelikelytobeexposedtosunlightlongenoughtocauseburningsunscreenprotectionof

atleastSPF15+shallbeworn.

• Whensafetyhelmetsarenotrequired,wide-brimmedHi-Vishatsshallalsobeworn.

Hi-Vis Clothing• Hi-Visclothingshallbewornbyallstaff/visitors/contractorsonanyworksite.Notapplicableifagreater

hazardiscreatedthroughthewearingofHi-Visclothing(i.e.entanglementinmachinery).

• Whenworkingontheroadorroadberm,Hi-Visclothingshallbenon-flammablefluorescentorangewitha150mmtail.

• Hi-VisrainwearmaybewornwithoutaHi-Visvest.

Hand Protection• Employeesworkinginoperationsthathavethepotentialtoresultinhandinjuriesshallwearindustrial

glovesorappropriatehandprotectionfortheoperation(i.e.dealingwithwastewater).Glovesmayvarydependingontheneedforamoisturebarrierorhard-wearingsurface.TheindustrialglovestandardisatleastNZS5812:1982IndustrialProtectiveGloves–reconfigured1989.

Footwear• Allpeopleworkingonworksitesshallwearfootwearthatgivessupporttotheankles,hasasolewhich

minimisesthechancesofslipping,andhassteeltoecapscomplyingwithAS/NZS2210OccupationalProtectiveFootwear.

• Lacesshallbesecurelytiedatalltimes.

Protective Clothing – Chemical• AllpeopleinvolvedintheapplicationofchemicalsshallwearclothinginaccordancewiththeMaterial

SafetyDataSheetrequirements.

Work in Confined Spaces• AsperConfinedSpaceProcedure/ConfinedSpacesEntryPermit.

Other • AspertheHazardIdentificationProcedures.

• AnycontractornotcomplyingwiththePrincipal'sPPEpolicymaybeaskedtoleavethesite.

Health and Safety


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1.12 Principal's Safety Rules• Staff/contractorsaretoensurethattheyarethoroughlyfamiliarwith,andobservethehealthandsafety

instructionsandrulespertainingto,anywork.

• Staff/contractorsarenottoindulgeinpracticaljokingor"horseplay"onthejob.

• Staff/contractorsarenotpermittedtoworkiftheycannotperformtheirdutiesproperlybecauseofimpairmentduetoalcoholordrugs.

• Staff/contractorsarenottooperateanyequipmentoutsidethescopeoftheirnormaldutiesunlesstheyareauthorisedtodoso,andhavetheappropriatelicence.

• Staff/contractorsaretoceaseusinganyplant,materials,orequipmentfoundtobefaultyorhazardousandaretoreporttheproblemtotheirsupervisor/manager.

• Staff/contractorsaretowearoruseallnecessaryprotectiveequipment.

• Staff/contractorsaretotakeappropriatestepstoprotectthepublic.

• Staff/contractorsaretoreporttotheirsupervisor/managersanyhazardsorpotentialhazards.

• Aguideshouldaccompanyvisitorstosite.Staffaretoformallycarryoutasafetyinductionforvisitors.

• Staff/contractorsaretoreportallaccidentsornearmisses,howevertrivial,thathappentothemorotherpeopleintheworkplace(includingthepublic).

• Noservicelines,e.g.powercables,telephonecable,waterpipesandsewerpipes,orsimilar,aretobecutwithouttheauthorityoftheassetowner.

• Allstaff/contractorsarerequiredtoacknowledge,bysigningtheacknowledgementintheinductionprocedures,thattheyhaveread,understood,andwillcomplywiththeinduction.

Health and Safety


8 Section Two

Hazard Management


Hazard Management Checklists 9

Thefollowingtableswillhelpidentifypotentiallysignificanthazardsforeachworkactivity,withpracticalactionstoeitherEliminate(E),Isolate(I)orMinimise(M)them.Itisnotexhaustiveandthecontractor'sowncompanyprocesses,knowledgeandsiteconditionsshouldbeconsideredaswell.

Contractorsmustensurethecontrolsimplementedontheirsitearepractical/workable,maintainedandcommunicated,withappropriatetraining.

2.1 Driving – General

Hazard Controls Suggested Action

Inappropriateoperationoftheequipmentthatmaycauseatrafficaccident

M •Ensureoperatorhasthecorrectlicence.•Conductcompetencycheckandprovidetrainingasappropriate.

Faultyequipment M •Completedailyvehiclecheck.

Ergonomichazards M •Adjustseattosuitdriver.•Adjustmirrorsandothercontrols.•Ifseatbeltisfitteditmustbeused.•Ensurecabwindowsareclean.•Ensurenoobstructionsaroundcontrolpedals.•Donotuseacellphoneifyouaredriving(It'sillegal).

Manoeuvringandreversinghazardsforothers

M •Goslow.•Checkwhatisbehindyourvehiclebeforeyoustarttoreverse.•Haveanothercrewmemberguide.•Keepaspecialwatchforpedestrians,particularlywhenthereislow

visibilityorriskofsunstrike.

Overloading M •Checkloadweightconformstoregulationsandtruckcertification.

Towing M •Checkconnections/safetychain.Checkweightrestrictions.


2.2 Driving – Excavators and Tractors

Hazard Controls Action

Electrocution/undergroundservices

M •Checkforoverheadservicesandundergroundcablesbeforestartingwork.

•Allundergroundservicestobe"potholed".•Contactserviceproviderto"markout".

Peoplewalkingintoworkingexcavators

M •Usecorrectsignsandfencing.

Workonslopesorunstableground-Overturning

M •Keepthebucketlowtoground.•Donotoverloadbucket.•Avoidparkingtractoronincline.Ifrequired,alwaysapplyparking

brakebeforeleavingthetractorseat,andchockthewheels.

ROPS(RollOverProtectiveStructure)structuresandsiteassessment

M •Protectivestructuresonuneventerrainmustbefittedandcertified.Theseatbeltmustbeused.

Injurybyhydraulicboomcrushing

M •Onlyoperatehydrauliccontrolswhensittingintheseat.•Ifleavingtheseatmakesurethebucketisonthegroundandthe

safetybarislocked.

Lossofcontrolofvehicle

M •Fornon-sprungvehiclesavoidbumps.

Travellingontheroad

M •Beawareofmachinerywidth/height.•Checkindependentbrakesarelockedtogether.•Monitortrafficbuildupandpullovertoallowpassing.

Operatingtractor–Injurybypowertake-off(PTO)shaft

M •Checkthatguardsareinplace.Putpowertake-offoutofgearandwaitforshafttostopturningbeforeleavingtractor.

•Useextremecautionwhenoperatingonsteepslopes.

Injurybyhydraulicarm.Crushing

M •Onlyoperatehydrauliccontrolsfromsafeposition(i.e.seat).•Donotworkorstandunderhydraulicequipment.

NoiseDust/Glare M •Wearhearingprotectionandsafetyglasses.

Physicalcontactwithpersonorplant/equipment

M •Licencedtooperatemachinery/trained.

10 Hazard Management Checklists


2.3 TrafficManagement


Public M •EnsureTrafficController(TC)isalwaysonsite.•'Physically'isolatetheworksite(i.e.barriers,extendedbars,fencing

etc)-notjustcones.•Ensurepedestriancontrolsareinplaceanddonotsendpedestrians

into'atrisk'areas,i.e.ontheroad.•OnlycommencewithanactivityassetoutinyourapprovedCAR

(CorridorAccessRequest)andlocalconditionsofyourWAP(Worksapprovalpermit).

•Ensurethatdailysitechecksarecarriedoutanddocumented,compliantwithCoPTTMand/ortheApprovedCAR/TMP.

•EnsurethattheapprovedcurrentCARandWAPdocumentationislocatedonsite.

•EnsurethatallactivesitesarephysicallysupervisedbytheappropriateSTMS,(SiteTrafficManagementSupervisor-Practicing)STMSNP(SiteTrafficManagementSupervisor-Non-Practicing)orTC(TrafficController),aspertherequirementsofthesiteunderCoPTTMpursuanttothelevelofroad.

•EnsurethatallTTMpersonalarecurrentlyqualifiedandcompetent.•EnsurethatthephysicaldeliveryoftheTTM,effectivelymanages/

safeguardsthetravellingpublic,includingallPedestrians.•EnsurethatallknownHazardsareeffectivelyidentifiedand

managementaspertheAT(AucklandTransport)WorkingSafer&SmarterGuidelines.

•Promotesafebehavioursofallvisitorsand/orstaffwhileonsite,includingconductingverbalsiteinductions.

•HighlightTTMwithintoolboxtalkstoidentifyandaddressspecificactivities,issueorbehavioursrelatingtoTTMhazards.

•Appropriateplanningpriortoworkcommencingmustbeundertaken.

2.4 Small Plant


Inappropriateoperationoftheequipmentthatmaycauseanaccident

M •Provideworkingsafetyprocedure.•Conductcompetencycheck.

Noises,dust,cuts,eyeinjury

M •EnforcePPEe.g.earandeyeprotection,gloves,hardhats,andsafetyboots.

Fumes M •Workupwindofmachines.•Useforcedventilationinconfinedspaces.

Injuryfromlossofcontrol,kickbacks,machinehittinghardobjects

M •Bealertforkickbacks.Somemachineshaveextratorque.•Neverusemachinesone-handed.•Donotoperatewithoutsafetyguardsinplace.

11Hazard Management Checklists


Pipebursting/welding-noise,dust,cuts,eyeinjury

M •Ensureallstaffarecompetenttooperatetheequipment.

•EnsureallstaffarewearingPPE.

Machinemovingbackwhileoperating(drillingrigetc.)

M •Makesurethemachineissittingsecurelyandbracedup.Operatefromtheside.

•Donotstandbehindthemachinewhenitispulling.

Barsbreakingandhosesbursting

M •Donotputthemachineunderstrain(setbreakingstraincut-outtothecorrectrate).

•Beextraalertforkickbacks.

Injurybecauseofuntidysite

M •Maintaingoodsitehousekeeping.

Strainorsprain M •Usecorrectliftingtechnique.•Makesureyouarestandingonstableground.•Doregularstretchingexercises.•Usealternativeliftingdevice.ReferHabit@workwebsite.



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2.5 Excavations


Dangertothepublic M •Ensurecorrectsignage/fencing/isolation(notcones)isused.Note:Fencesmustbeabletotakebothaverticalandhorizontalload.

Electrocution/gasleaksandfires

M Beforestarting•Makesureyouhaveplansoftheundergroundservicesinthearea.•Useacableorpipelocatororalocatorservice(i.e.Connetics)tomark

cables'location.•Requesttheserviceprovidermarkthepositionofservices.•Lookforsignsofserviceconnectioncablesorpipes,e.g.agasmeter

orserviceconnectionentryintoahouseorstreetlight.•Handdigpotholes(asmanyasnecessary)toconfirmthepositionof

servicesinthearea.•Neverassumeservicesareaspertheplans.Potholesregularlyand/or

trenchacrossservicestolocate.•Checkwithassetownerthatanycable,embeddedinconcreteand

needingtobebrokenout,hasbeenmadedead.•Reporttoyoursupervisoranydamagetoacable,pipeorpipe

coating.•Donotusehand-heldpowertoolsoranexcavatorwithin500mmofa

gaspipeoranyelectricalcable.•Donothandleoralterthepositionofanexposedservice.•Donotbuildexistingservicesintoamanhole,otherstructureor

encasedinconcrete.

Gasleaks M •Removeeveryonefromtheimmediatearea.•Telephonethelocalgasauthority/principal.•Bansmoking,andnakedflames.•Undertakecontinualgasmonitoring.

Unstableorsteepgroundconditions

M •Ensuregroundconditionsarestabletosupportmachinery.•EnsuremachineryisfittedwithROPSandseatbeltsareworn.•Ensureallmachineryiswellbeyondtheedgeoftheexcavation.

Dangerfromfallingobjects,materialsstoredontheedgeofexcavations

M •Donotstandundermaterial(suspendedloads).•Fence-offmaterials.•Practisegoodhousekeeping.•WearPPE(hardhatsetc).

Excavationcollapse/groundwater

•ShoreexcavationtoOSHCodeofPracticerequirements;or•Batterback–1H:1V;or•Obtainwrittencertificationfromageotechnicalengineerthatthe

excavationisstable.•NotifytheLabourDepartmentfordepthsgreaterthan1.5metres.•Whendeep,testforgases.•Controlwaterbyde-watering.•Provideproperladderaccess.

Hazard Management Checklists


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Machineryworkinginexcavation/crushing/entrapment

M •Makesureyouarealwayswithintheoperator'svision.Keepclearoftheswingareaatalltimes–atleast4metresifpossible.

Machinerystrikingoverheadpowerlines

•Whenwithin4metres,obtainapermitfromthelocalpowerprovider.•Usea'spotter'.Note: Power lines tension changes with temperature throughout the night and day.

Workingatnight M •Ensurethereisadequatelighting,reflectivesigns,andHi-VisPPE.

2.6 Work on or in Water


Gettinginoroutofthewaterorboats.(slipping,backinjury,falling)

M •Beawareoftheflowofriver,tide,andwindagainsttheboat.•Getin(andout)onstableground/makesuretheboatissecured.•Stafftoattendwatersafetycourse.•Wearalifejacketatalltimes.

Slippingorfallingoutofboat

M •Donotstandinboats.•Donotoverloadtheboat.•Developwrittenrescueproceduresandtrainstaff.

Droppingintodeepwaterholes

M •Probethewaterbed.

2.7 Chemicals (Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS))


Chemicalcontactorinhalation

M •Followinstructionsonlabel(s).•UseappropriatePPE.•FollowMSDSavailableonsite.

Contaminationofenvironmentduringpreparation

M •Selectappropriatemixingsite.•Securecapsoncontainers.•Triplerinseemptycontainerswherewashwaterwillgotowaste.•DisposeofemptycontainersasperCodeofPractice.•Securecontainersduringtransportation,providedriptrayswhere

appropriate.•Placesurpluschemicalmixinmarkedcontainers.



Spillages M •Allstaffaretobefamiliarwithemergencyprocedure.Spillkittobeappropriatetotypesandvolumesofchemicalsused.Containspilltoavoidcontamination.

Storage M •Keepstorageshedlocked/segregate.•Usebundedareaswhereappropriate.•Labelallcontainers.•ProvideventilationandPPE.

V •Approvedhandler

2.8 GeneralOfficeEnvironments


UsingcomputersOccupationalOveruseSyndrome(OOS)

M •Setupworkstationtoacomfortablelevel.•EnsurecompliancewithVDUCodeofPractice.•Encourageearlyreportingofdiscomfort.•Providegoodworkingenvironmente.g.heating,ventilationand

lighting.•Planyourworkload.Habit@workwebsite.

Smoking M •StafftoadheretoCompanySmokingPolicy.

Workingintheoffice,eyestrain,backstrain

M •Checklightingisadequate–avoidglare.•Ensurechairisergonomicallysuitable.

2.9 General Environment


AggressiveAnimal M •Leavearea,donotapproach.•Contactownerifpossible.•Callanimalcontrolservices.

Asbestos M •Ensureonlycertified/trainedpersonsareinvolved.•Ensureasbestosmanagementproceduresarefollowed.•NotifyOSH24hoursbeforework.

Backstrainfromlifting/bending–repetitivemovements(OOS)

M •Preventativetraining.•Encouragestafftoundertakeexercisesaspertraining.•Jobrotationtoavoidconstantexposuretomanualhandling.•Usetwopeopletoliftheavyobjects.

Concretecutting M •Ensureoperatorsaretrainedorsupervisedbycompetentstaff.•ProvideandwearPPE.•Wetcuttingonly.Containspillsandneverreleasetostormwaterdrain.•Nodisposalofconcretecuttings,includingconcrete'wash',shallbe

allowedinthekerborstormwatercatchpit.Allsaturatedmaterialfromthisactivityistobepumpedintoatankorsuctiontruckandtransportedtoanapproveddumpsite.

15Hazard Management Checklists


Flooding/Drowning M •Assesspotentialimpactofweather.•Donotworkindrainsand/orstreamsalone.

Hazardsassociatedwithworkaroundthepublic

M •Ensurefencingandsignageareused.•Nochildrenoranimalsonsite.

Noiseexposure M •Measure/monitornoiselevels.•Baselineandfollowupaudiometrictests.•Provideeducation/training.•EnforceHearingProtectionuse.

Operatingmachineryonslopingground

E,I&M •Checkmanufacturer'srecommendations.•Weathermustbeconsidered.•ROPStobefitted/certified.•Enforceseatbeltuse.

Operatingmotorvehicles

M •Musthaveanup-to-dateNZDriversLicence.•Drivetotheconditions,anduselightsasrequired.•EnsurecurrentWOF&registration.•Checkvehicletowingcapacity,tow-ballcouplingisadequate,anduse

safetychain.•Ensureloadisproperlysecured.•Reportanydefectsimmediately.•Wearseatbelt,andneverdrivewhentired.

Stress/fatigueleadingtoseriousharm

M •Beawareofchangeinindividual'spersonality.•Ensureexcessivehoursarekepttoaminimum/managed.•Monitorworkenvironmentforheat/coldstressors.

Workingatheight

(Anyheightthathasthepotentialtocauseharm)

M •Provideeitherfencingbarriersorfallpreventation(PPE)tostaff.•NotifyOSH24hoursbeforeworkcommences,whereworkerscould

fall5metresormore.

Workingatnight M •Usefloodlightsandtorches.•Wearretro-reflectivejackets.•Useappropriateroadtrafficmanagementplan(ifrequired).•Parkvehicles3metresfromsiteinthedirectionofoncomingtraffic.

Activatehazardlightsandbeacons.•Fenceoffunsafeareas.

Workingin/entrytoconfinedspaces(CSE)

I&M •Ensurealloperatorsaretrainedandcurrentlycertified.•EnsureallentryworkisconductedinaccordancewiththeConfined

SpacesEntry(CSE)ProceduresandEntryPermit.Ensureatmospherictestingiscarriedoutcontinuously.

•Ensureemergencyproceduresaredocumented,site-specificandtestedregularly.

•NotifyOSH24hoursbeforestart.•Testandtagequipmentannually.

Workingalone M •Onlyifabsolutelynecessaryatnightorinisolatedenvironments.•Tellpeoplewhereyouareandwhenyouexpecttobefinished.•Carryacellphone.



17

Workingaroundcranesfallingload/suspendedworks

M •Isolatepublicfromworksitewithsigns/barricades/fences.•Ensureliftingchains/strapsaretested/taggedannually,andregularly

checkedforwear.•Usetraineddogman.•Lockoutcraneto'freefall'mode.

Drugsandalcohol M •Ensuresiterulesandcompanyrequirementsarefollowed.

2.10 Workshops – Plant and Tools


Lathe-physicalinjurycausedbyclothingcatching/entrapment

M •Makesureclothingisclosefitting/appropriate.•Knowwheretheemergencystopswitchis.

Cutsandburns M •Takecarewithwastemetalandturnedmetal.Watchforflyingswarfandhotmetalchips.WearPPE.

Drillphysicalinjuryifworkspins

M •Holdworkfirmlyinvice.•Clampdownthevice.WearPPE.

Welding/gascutting/electrocution

M •Checkwelderelectricleadfordamage.•Stopuseifdamagedoesoccur.WearPPE.

WeldingfumesandBurns

M •DonotweldinpitsorconfinedareaswithoutproperventilationandPPE.

•Weareyeprotectionwhenremovingslag.

Gasplant M •Ensureflashbackarrestersarefitted.•Shutgasoffatsource.Pointflameawayfromyourselfandothers

wheninuse.

Weldingflash M •Useweldingscreens.•Positionworksoweldingpointisnotseen.•WeartheappropriatePPE.

Portableelectricalequipment/electrocution

M •Regularlychecktheconditionofgear.•Takespecialcarewiththelongextensionflexes.Testandtagall

portableelectricalequipmentevery3months(construction),6months(civilsites).

•Useisolatingorresidualcurrentdevice.

PoweredequipmentFumes

M •Allplant,toolsorgeneratorspoweredbyaninternalcombustionenginemustbeusedinanareawithadequateventilation.

Vibration M •Frequentbreaksshouldbetaken.Wearanti-vibrationgloves.



18

2.11 Carpentry


Skillsaw-electric M •UseaRCD.Beawareofwherethecableis.•Checkthattheguardreturns.Takespecialcarethatthetriggerlockis

notusedinadvertentlyifleft-handed.

Dust(inhalation)Physical-cuts

M •Wearafacemaskifappropriate.•Checkthattheguardreturns.Lookoutforkickback–holdthesaw

firmly,supportwood,keepsawsharp.

Jigsaw-electric M •UseaRCD.•Takespecialcarethatthetriggerlockisnotusedinadvertentlyifleft-

handed.

Drilluse M •Beawarethatthedrillcouldjamandtwistyourwrists.Keepatightgrip.Holdtoavoiddrillbitssnapping.Lookoutformetalsplinters–eyesandskin.Useslowerspeedformetal.

Nailgunsphysical–nailpenetration

M •Usedonlybylicensedoperators(Powderpoweredtools).•Followtrainingprocedures.Ensurecertificationofthemachineis

current.

Anglegrinder•Sparksandburns•Shattering

M •WearappropriatePPE,standoutofsparkstream.•Ensurehalfguardisfitted.•Hotworkpermit.•Holdthegrindercorrectly.Makesuretheworkissecure.•Checkthattheguardisinthecorrectposition.Checkbladecondition.

Discardifitshowssignsofdisintegrating.



2.12 Painting and Plumbing


Scaffolds,planksandtrestles-fallsandsprains

M •Checkforlooseboltsandbentcrossmembers.Checkladderistiedsecurely.

•Ensurethereisahandrail,midrailandkickboard.Acertifiedscaffoldermustconstructanyscaffoldingabove5metres,withAculogreviewedweekly.

•Discarddamagedplanks.Useonlycertifiedplanks.

Stepsandstools.Electrocution

M •Checkcarefullyforoverheadcablesandhavethemdisconnectedbythepowerauthority.

PVCsolventcement.Chemical–inhalation

M •Avoidinhalation–workupwindorinaventilatedarea.ProvideMSDSonsite.

Ladderworkfalls–baseslipping,windblowingtops

M •Placebasecarefully.Tietopofladderinplace.1:4Angleplacement.•Securetopandbottom/extend1metrepaststep-offpoint.

Repairundergroundwatermains.Electrocution

M •Attachjumperleadstoanearthstakewhencuttingoldgalvanisedironpipes.

Peoplefallingintoholes/trenching

I •Adequatelyfenceandprovidewarningsignage.

19


Section1: Executive Summary20

2.13 Rail Safety RegimeWorksite

Type Type of Work Contractors Duties Example

A Plantandpeopleworkingbehindsafetybarriers@3m*fromtrackcentrelineorfences@5mfromtrackcentreline.Plantmustnotbecapableoffoulingthesafetybarrierieanexcavatorwitha8mreachmustwork8mawayfromthebarrier.

*MaybereducedinisolatedlocationswithauthorisationfromtheRailSafetyCoordinator.

•Runajobstartmeeting•Workbehindbarriers/

fencesandensurethatnoplantoperatesinapositionwhereitcanfoulthelinei.e.anexcavatorwitha8mreachmustwork8mawayfromthebarrier

B Plantandpeopleworkingbehindasafetyfenceorbarrieranditispossiblefortheplanttofoulthelineegexcavatororcrane.NBworkmustbecarriedoutatalltimeswithoutfoulingthefence/barrier.Atthistypeofworksite,thesafetyfenceispermittedtobepositionedat3mfromtrackcentreline.

•RunajobstartmeetingwiththeKiwiRailObserverpresent.

•Ensurethatallworkatthesitecanbeundertakenatthesitewithoutfoulingthesafetyfenceorbarrier.

•Ensureallstaffunderstandthelimitsofthesite.

•Ensurethatallstaffstopworkwhentheairhornsounds.

!

C Plant&peopleworkingfouloftrackorcrossingtrackwhiletheraillineisopenfortraffic.

•RunajobstartmeetingwiththeKiwiRailProtectorpresent.

•Ensureallstaffunderstandthelimitsofthesite.

•Ensureallstaffvacatetherailtrack/stopworkimmediatelywhenrequestedbytheProtector.

D Plant&peopleworkingontherailcorridorwhentheraillineisclosedfornormaltraffic.

•Runajobstartmeeting•Donotentertherail

corridoruntilauthorityisreceivedfromONTRACK(Mis75form)DonotreenterthecorridoroncetheMis75formisterminated. !


21Section Three

Environmental Management Obligations

IntroductionAdegradednaturalenvironmentimpactsonresidentsinmanyways.Lossofrecreationalopportunities,healthconcernsandeconomicimplicationscanallarisefromincreasedpollution.

AucklandTransportareguardiansofthenaturalenvironment,andcontractorswhoworkforthemmustplaytheirpartinensuringtheirworkdoesnotdamagethesurroundingenvironment.

Forexample,mostoutsidedrains(stormwater)dischargetostreamsleadingtothesea,socontractorsneedtobeextravigilantinmakingsurenocontaminantsenterstormwaterdrains.

3.1 Environmental Legal Controls on Contractors' WorkAnumberofenvironmentallaws,regionalanddistrictplans,resourceconsentconditionsandpermittedactivityrulesaffecthowyoudoyourwork.Youmustbefamiliarwiththeseobligations.MostenvironmentalobligationsarefromtheResourceManagementAct1991andregionalandlocalprovisionsmadeunderit.

OtheractsthatmayapplyincludetheHistoricPlacesAct1993,theWaitakereRangesHeritageAreaAct,theHaurakiGulfMaritimeParkAct2000andtheHazardousSubstancesandNewOrganismsAct1996anditsregulations.Theresponsibilityrestswiththecontractortoidentifylegalobligations.

Permitted Activity Standards

Themaindocumentsthatsetoutwhenanactivityrequiresaresourceconsent,orthatsetthestandardsforpermittedactivities,are:- ProposedRegionalPlan:Air,LandandWater;- RegionalPlan:Coastal;- RegionalPlan:SedimentControl.- Bylaws;- OperativeDistrictPlans.

Evenifyoudonotneedanyresourceconsents,you must still comply with the permitted activity standards.Failuretocomplywiththeconditionsoftheconsentorwiththepermittedactivitystandards,maymakeyouandyoursub-contractorsliabletoenforcementaction.

Penalties

TheResourceManagementActhasaseriesofpenaltiesforpolluters:

• Environmentalinfringementnotices(instantfines)rangingfrom$300-$1,000;

• Abatementnotices;

• Enforcementorders;

• Prosecution,withpenaltiesof:- Imprisonmentforuptotwoyears;- Finesofupto$200,000;- Finesofupto$10,000adayforongoingoffences;

Note:Anyprosecutionmaypotentiallyaffectfuturebusinessopportunities.

Principalscanalsorecovertheircostsfortime,expensesandpollutioncleanup.Thecostsofyourdowntime,aswellascourtandlegalcosts,areoftenmuchbiggerthanthefineitself.Contractorsmustregularlyassesstheirownlegalcomplianceandtheirmanagementofenvironmentaleffects.Inaddition,wewillregularlycarryoutchecksofcontractors'environmentalcompliancerequirementsandprocedurestomanageenvironmentaleffects.

EnvironmentaloffencescanalsoleadtothePrincipal,itscontractorsandsub-contractorsstaffbeingprosecutedandheavilyfined.

Dependingontheoffence,otherenforcementregimesmayapplysuchasundertheHistoricPlacesAct1993whichincludes:


22




23

• Finesofupto$100,000fordestroyingasite;and

• Finesofupto$40,000fordamagingormodifyingasite.

UndertheRMA(s330)worksmaybeundertakenwithouthavingtheresourceconsentsinplacefirst,whereanyprojectofworkbyanetworkutilityoperator(suchasaroadingauthority)isaffectedby:

- anadverseeffectontheenvironmentthatrequiresimmediatepreventativeorremedialmeasures;or

- anysuddeneventcausingorlikelytocauselossoflife,injuryorseriousdamagetoproperty.

Theconsentingauthoritystillneedstobenotifiedfirstand,insomecircumstances,aretrospectiveconsentmayneedtobegranted.

Therewillbespecificarrangementswithregardtowhocanauthoriseemergencyworksunderthecontract.Checkwithyourcontractand/oryourAucklandTransportcontractmanager.

3.2 Environmental Management PlansYoumayhavetoprepareanEnvironmentalManagementPlan(EMP)aspartofyourcontractualobligations.ThismayhavetobeapprovedbytheAucklandTransportbeforeworkcanstart.

ThingstoconsiderduringpreparationofyourEMPmayinclude:

Controls,TrainingandResponsibilities

EMPManagementStructureandResponsibility

Outlinethenames,roles,responsibilitiesandAuthorityofpersonnelinvolvedintheimplementationandoperationoftheEMP.

Training Identifyappropriateeducation,trainingorexperienceforpersonnelperformingtaskswithpotentialtocausesignificantenvironmentalimpact(s).Thisshouldinclude:arecordofthetrainingwhichidentifiestheperson;position;typeoftraining;whowasfacilitatingthetraining;whenthetrainingwascompletedandanyrefreshertrainingthatmayberequired.

EnvironmentalAspectManagementPlansorMaps

Identifyallenvironmentalriskandconsentconditions,including,whereapplicable,environmentalaspectplansandmapse.g.dustsuppressionplan,erosionandsedimentcontrolplan,constructionmanagementplanandavibrationmanagementplan.

OperatingProcedures Includeoperatingprocedureswhichwillcontrolidentifiedenvironmentalrisks/impacts.

EmergencyContactsandResponse

Identifythecontactperson(s)forenvironmentalemergenciesthathavethepotentialtocausematerialharmtotheenvironment.Thisistoinclude:thenamesand24hourcontactdetails;responsepersonnelresponsibilities;emergencyservicecontactdetails;thelocationofon-siteinformationonhazardousmaterials;stepstofollowtominimisedamageandcontrolanenvironmentalemergency.

MonitorandReview

ComplianceMonitoring

Includeaprocedureformonitoringandmeasuringkeyactivitieswhichcanhaveasignificantenvironmentalimpact.

EMPAudits IncludeaproceduredetailinghowinternalauditsoftheEMP(atplannedintervals)willbeconducted,andhowtheauditrecommendationswillbeused.

24

Site-specific Environmental Plans

Youmayhavetoprepareasite-specificenvironmentalplanaspartofyourcontractualobligations.Considerrelevantfactorssuchas:

• Overlandflowpaths

• Stormwaterguttersandcatchpits(protection/isolation)

• Steepnessofslopetostormwatercatchpitsorotherinfrastructure

• Stormwatertreatmentdevicessuchaspondsorotherstormwaterinfrastructure

• Nearbywaterbodies:streams,wetlands,beaches,WaitemataHarbour,inlandlakes

• Locationoftreesthatmaybeaffectedbytheworks,andtheextentoftheirdriplines

• Locationofanyarchaeologicalorotherhistoricsites,includingthesesacredtoMaorisuchastraditionalburialgrounds

• Roadsidebermsandservices,includinganyhazardousinstallationsthatcouldbeaffectedbyyourwork

• Neighbours–houses,workplacesorotherplaceswherepeoplearelocated

• Anythingelseyouneedtoknowabout,ormanage,inordertoprotecttheenvironment

• Aschemeplan(visual)oftheworksiteisagoodcommunicationtool

• Considerhowrubbishwillbecontrolled

• Impactedflora/fauna,andnativewildlife

• Limitworkareatominimisepotentialsedimentrunoff

• Preventsoil/sedimenttrackingfromsite(i.e.vehiclewash)

• Provide'clean-up'/spillcontainmentplan

• Spillresponseproceduresincludingrestrictingthespilltoonearea,reducingtheseverityofadverseeffectsand,ifpossible,eliminatingadverseeffects

• Provisionofspillkitsappropriatetothevolumesandtypesofmaterialsusedorstored,includingsignage.

3.3 Managing Sub-contractorsAsub-contractorworkingforyoumustmeetthestandardssetoutinthecontractdocuments,consentsandpermittedactivitystandards,andyourenvironmentalandhealthandsafetysiteplans.Makesureyourenvironmentalplanoutlineshowyouwillmanagesub-contractorssotheyachievethesamehighstandardsexpectedofourcontractors.

3.4 Doing On-the-job InspectionsInspectallenvironmentalcontrolstoidentifyactualorpotentialproblemsandfixthemassoonaspossible.Foreachjob,considersettingupasimplechecklistthatcoversthemainrisksidentified,risksposedbythesiteandbytheworkcarriedoutforthePrincipal.Documentallinspectionsandcorrectiveactions.

3.5 Keeping Up-to-date RecordsRecordsshouldbeinwritingandaccessible,suchas:

• Environmentaltraining;

• Environmentalinspectionsorchecklists;

• Anyincidents,emergencies,non-compliancesorcomplaints,andyourresponse(notifythePrincipal'scontractmanagerimmediately);

• Anyreports(completemonthlyreporting);and

• Otherreportsrequiredbyregulatoryagencies.




25

3.6 Responding to Emergencies and ComplaintsYoumusthaveanemergencyresponseplan,whichistrialledregularly.Yourwrittenresponseplanshouldcover(butnotbelimitedto):

• Trainingyourstaffandsub-contractors;

• ReportingenvironmentalincidentstothePrincipal;

• Contactphonenumbersofemergencyservices;

• Howtodisposeofspillagesandclean-upmaterials;

• Provisionofsitedrainage;

• Post-spillactiontore-establishcontrolsovertheremainingmaterial;and

• Aprotocolforinvestigatingspillsandnear-misses.

Followtheflowchartoverleaffortheproceduresaboutwhomtonotifyintheeventofanincidentorcomplaintandhowtorespond.

Emergenciesthatcouldposeenvironmentalrisksinclude:

• Storms;

• Damagetootherservicesresultingindischargestotheenvironment,especiallyfromtradewastesewers,whichmaycontainhazardoussubstances;

• Plantorequipmentfailure,includingoilandhydraulichoseleaks;

• Spillsofdrillingfluid,oils,fuels,paints,turpentine,paintstrippers,weedkillersandotherchemicalstotheenvironment,includingfromwaterblasting,sandingorincorrectlywashingpaintbrushes,rollersandotherpaintingequipmentintostormwater;

• Spillsorrunofffrom'hot'asphalt,whichcontainshighlevelsofhydrocarboncompounds;

• Spillsorrunofffromuncuredconcreteorconcretecutting/drilling/grinding(highlyalkalineandlethaltotheenvironment'sfloraandfauna);and

• Vandalism,ofanyvehicles,machinery,storedsubstancesorwastes.

Contingencyplansshouldbeconsideredforallidentifiedemergencies.



26

3.7 IncidentResponseandNotification

Ensure staff have correct PPE

MaintainSite safety

Environmental or safety incidentor accident

(personal injury, chemical spill,damage to fauna, sediment or

waste run-off to drain).

Contain incident (bundspills, secure fauna –

stop flow to drain)

Speak to Contract Manager/Engineer within

1-2 hours

Contact the Pollution Hotline at Auckland Council

Provide other means tomitigate damage, i.e. flushing

(confirm with ContractManager/Engineer)

Incident investigation:Identify root causes of

incident (i.e. lack of controls,training, equipment failure)

within 3 days

Our Contract Manager/Engineerto communicate verbally with

affected public & pollution response personnel (within 12 hours)

Forward report to ourContract Manager/Engineerand Safety Representative

Our Contract Manager/Engineerprovides report to their

manager including:- Root causes

- Contributing factors- Mitigating actions

- Improvement recommendations

Principal ContractManager/Engineerforwards summary

report to EnvironmentalRegulatory Agency

within 5 days

Is the incidentsignificant?

Contact Environmental

Regulatory AgencyNO YES



27Section Four

Common Construction Activities and Typical Environmental Risks


Common Construction Activities and Their Environmental Risks

IntroductionAteverystageoftheconstructionprocessthereisthepotentialforenvironmentalproblemstoarise.Thissectionidentifiescommonconstructionprocesses,someofthemainenvironmentalrisksandpotentialcontrols,andactionstominimiserisks.

Mitigating Environmental Risks

Lookathowyoumanagethejob,forexample:

• Stagethework–dothingsinadifferentordertominimisewastesorrisks;

• Haveaplanforhandling,storageanddisposalofliquidandsolidwastes;

• Workmoreefficiently.Forexample,minimiseriskbystartingtheriskiestphasesoftheworkattimeswhenyoucanfinishthemquickly(watchtheweather);

• Encouragestaffandsub-contractorstocomeupwithinnovativesolutions;

• Avoideffectsbyusingalternativemethods,e.g.trenchlesstechnologies;and

• Finishthejobtoahighstandardsothatnoenvironmentalrisksremain.

Preventorreducetheeffectsofemergencies,forexample,by:

• Reducingthelikelihoodorseriousnessofanyemergencybyminimisingtheamountoffuelandmaterialsorchemicalsneededorstoredontheworksite;and

• Trainingstafftorespondpromptlytominimisetheireffects.

Thechecklistsonthefollowingpagesfeaturecommonactivitiesundertakenbycontractors,theirenvironmentaleffectsifnotcontrolled,andpracticalactionsyoushouldconsider(wherepractical)toavoidtheseeffects.

28



29

4.1 Construction and Earthworks

Task Detail Selected Environmental Risks/ Effects without controls

Suggested Controls and Actions to minimise Risk

Archaeological ExcavationsmayuncoverMaoriorEuropeanevidenceandartefactspre-dating1900.Somegeologicalsitesarealsoprotected.

Potentialtodamageordestroyarchaeologicalandgeologicalsitesormaterials.

•Ceaseworkinvicinityofthefindandfenceoffarea.

•ContactContractManager.•ContactHistoricPlacesTrust.•CalltheCouncil'senvironmental

protectionagency.

Strippingandstockpilingofsoil,leadingtodustissues

Dustcausedbynotcoveringexposedsoils,andstockpilescandryoutandbepickedupbywind.

Fineparticulatescancauseairpollutionandnuisancetopublic.Sedimentscanlaterbewashedintostormwaterordirectlyintowaterbodies.

•Stopworkinhighwinds.•Waterdrystockpiles,ensuringno

runoff.•Coverstockpileswithpinnedgeotextile

materialstoprotectsoil,mulchorgrassdowntostabilise.

Earthworks/excavation,usingheavymachinery

Heavymachineryisoftenrequiredtocarryoutconstructionandmaintenanceworksincludingexcavators,horizontaldrills,slurrycontrol(pits)largeverticaldrills,rockbreakers,pneumatichammers,spadesandshovels.

Exhaustfumes.Noise.Sedimentdischarge.Spillsofhydraulicoilsandfuels.Damagetotreesandtheirroots.Damagetoarchaeologicalandgeologicalsites.Erosionandlandinstability.

•Ensureallplantandequipmentismaintainedregularly.

•Avoidtrackingonroads:sweepregularlyand/orinstallstabilisedconstructionentranceway.

•Considernoiselevelswhenbuyingorselectingplant.

•Communicatewithpubliconhoursofwork.

•Haveaspillcontainmentandresponseplanonsite.

•Installcatchpitprotection.•Protectanyonsiteanddownstream

stormwatertreatmentdevicese.g.raingardens,swales,pondsetc.

•Onfollowingpages,seechecklistsforDewatering,TreesandParks.(Alsosee4.15).

Sediment/soil(undergroundworks)

Sedimentandsoilpollutewaterfrommanyaspectsofundergroundworks.

Potentialtoenterstormwatersystemanddamageitbycloggingwithsediment,concreteorothermaterials.SeeDewatering.

Potentialtoenterwaterwaysaffectingstreamhealthandaquatichabitats.

Whenpumpingwaterfromaroundamainorfromasumpunderamain,putafilterclothbagaroundthesuctionheadofthepump.Dischargepumpedwaterontograsswherepossible.Periodicallyremoveaccumulatedsiltfromaroundthefilterbag.

Alternatively,useTP90measures,settlingtankandsuctionpumpandremovetoanapproveddisposalsite.(Alsosee5.1).

30

Sedimentcontrolmeasures(includingoncatchpits)

Sedimentcontrolmeasurescanbecomeasourceofpollutionifnotwellconstructed,maintainedanddecommissioned.

Potentialforsedimentfromsecondarycontrolmeasurestoenterstormwatersystemandpollutestreamorbeachatoutfall.

•Divertcleanwaterawayfromexposedsoils.

•Asacontingency,installacatchpitinsertorapproveddevicewitha30-50micronmeshsize)withinthecatchpit.Putgeotextileclothatthebackentryslotsofthecatchpittopreventsedimententry.Cleanorreplacedailyifitrains.

•Provideon-sitesuctionpumporsuctiontruckandremovetoanapproveddisposalsite,orprovideawatertightskipwithacover.

•Alternatively,useTP90catchpitmeasuresiftheaboveisimpractical.

•Haveaspillcontainmentandresponseplan.

•Monitorcontrols:checkbeforeendofdayandafterrain.Repairpromptly.(Alsosee5.1).

Stockpiling Stockpilingofmaterialsandspoilmaybeneededonsomesites.

Harmtotreerootsifplacedinthedripline.

Sedimentrunoffintothestormwatersystemordirectlyintowaterbodies.

Dustnuisance.

StockpilesofexcavatedmaterialmustbeapprovedintheRoadOpeningNoticeandconfirmedatpre-commencementmeeting.

Putexcavatedstockpilematerialsawayfromoverlandflowpaths,lowpointsandimperviousareas(roadway,footpathsordriveways)andatleast500mmfromkerb.Putexcavatedstockpilematerialsinaskipforremoval(coverifraining).Removesaturatedmaterials(slurry,moistclay)toanapproveddisposalsiteinasealedcontainertoavoidspillage.

Putlargestockpilesinapprovedareas.Coverwithsuitablegeotextile,pinnedneedlepunch12.0gmandsecurearoundtheedge,orgrassandmulch.

Iflongterm,surroundwithTP90siltfences.

Tips for Managing Stockpiles

•Coverstockpileswithgeotextilecloth.•Planthedisposalofsurplusmaterialsbeforestartingworks.•Aimtoreusespoilratherthandisposingofittolandfill.•Storetopsoilforreuseinpileslessthan2metreshightopreventdamagetothesoilstructure.•Segregatedifferentgradesofsoil.•Positionspoilandtemporarystockpileswellawayfromwatercoursesanddrainagesystems.•Minimisemovementsofmaterialsinstockpilestoreducedegradationofthesoilstructure.•Siltywaterformedbyerosionofthestockpilemustbemanagedcorrectly.•Directsurfacewaterawayfromthestockpilestopreventerosionatthebottom.•Placesiltscreensaroundspoilheapstotrapsiltinanysurfacewaterrunoff.•Vegetatelong-termstockpiles.Thiswillpreventdustindryweatherconditionsandreduceerosionofthe

stockpiletoformsiltyrunoff.Ensureadequateweedcontrol.




31

Vehiclecleaningandtravellingon–andoff-site

Vehiclesgainingaccesstoandfromsitestracksedimentintoareaswithoutcontrols.

Generalclayandsedimentleftontheroadcanrunoffintostormwatersystem.

Providestabilisedentryandexitpointsfromsite(i.e.basecourse).ReferTP90.Asacontingency,providecatchpitprotection.Removecontainedsediment.

Washingtrucksandotherequipment

Cleaningvehicles,tools,plantandequipment.

Washwaterscanbecomeapollutant.

•Neverwashconcreteequipmentonsite(see4.3and4.5).

•Directsmallamountsofwashwatertoexcavationstosoakintoground,ortakeequipmenttobaseandwashinadesignatedareathathasatradewastepermitorcontainswaterinasealedpondortank.

Contamination Seeitem4.8SubstancesHandlingandContaminatedMaterials.

Excavation Referto4.15(Excavation).

Alsosee5.3to5.6.

4.2 Stormwater Inspection, Maintenance and Replacement

Task DescriptionEnvironmental Risks/ Effects without controls

Controls and Actions to minimise Risk

Earthworks/excavation

Watermainsmustbeisolatedandflushedwithmainswaterbeforebeingreinstated.

Dischargeofsedimentorchlorineintothestormwaterordirectlyintoenvironment.

•Containmentandremovalbysuctiontrucksitereferredtoincontract.

Flushingofstormwaterpipes

Stormwaterpipesblockedbyrootsorsediment,whichneedtobebrokenupandremoved.

Dischargeoftreeroots,sedimentandcontaminantsintostormwatersystemortheenvironment.

•Containmentandremovalbysuctiontruck.

•Seerootcutting(UnderTrees,4.11).

Unblockingdrains

Drainsareunblockedusingwaterblastingormechanicalscrew.

Potentialoverflowofwastewater.Dischargeoftradewaste.Treerootdamage.

•Bypasspumpingorsuctiontruck.•Haveaspillcontainmentand

responseplanonsite.•SeeTrees(Under4.11).

Alsosee5.2.


32

4.3 Concreting and Piling



Concreting,concreteandsheet-piling

Concretecutting,handlingwetconcrete,rinsingexposedaggregateordampingconcreteasitcures.

Runoffofbladecoolingwater.

Noiseandvibration.

Airpollutionandirritation.Pollutionofwaterwaysandpotentialfishkills.Exposedaggregateconcrete–dischargeofhighlyalkalinewashwaterwhenexposingaggregate.Washfromconcreteequipmentand/orconcretetrucks,resultinginenvironmentalenforcement.

Lime/concrete/asphalt:dischargeofhighlyalkalinewatertostormwatersystemandenvironment.Dischargeoflime/concretedusttoair.

•Planyourwork–considertheweather.

•Preventdischargefromwetcuttingtothestormwatersystem.Surroundthecuttingareawithbundstodamthecuttingwaterandsealcatchpitoutlet.

•Excavateawashpitorraiseabundtocapturedischarge.

•Removethewaterfromsitewithaportablevacuumorsuctiontrucktositereferredtoincontract.

•Forsmallquantities,diverttherunofftoapit,grassedorunsealedareaawayfromstormwaterdrainsorprotectedtrees,whereitcansoaktoground.

•SeeRoadSurfacingandConstruction(4.5)andNoiseandVibration(4.9).

(Alsosee5.2).

Resurfacing Theuseofasphaltandbitumenintheresealingandreinstatementofworksites.

Spills,washdownorrunofffrom'hot'asphaltandbitumenemulsioncanresultinsurplusrunoff.

•SeeRoadSurfacingandConstruction(4.5).

(Alsosee5.2).

Alsosee5.2.




33

4.4 Contamination of Surface and Underground Water



Dewatering Dischargeofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterfromtrenchesandotherworks.SeeSediment,inEarthworks4.1,above.

Dischargeofsedimentandcontaminantstostormwaterandwaterwaysmaysiltup,discolourandpollutewaterways.

•Donotpumpsediment-ladenwatertogutterorcatchpit.Directtosiltfence,decantingearthbundorsettlingtanks/storagedevices.

•Neverpumpfromthebottomofthetrench.•Useadrainsockoverthepumphousing.•Callasuctiontruck.•Silty/sandysoils(notclays)canbesettled24

hoursbeforesiphoningorpumpingtoanapprovedoutfall,whichleavesundisturbedcoarsesedimentonthebottom.Checkwaterissufficientlyclearpriortodischarge.

4.5 Road Surfacing and Construction



Aggregateuse

Roadingaggregatesusedforconstructionandmaintenance.

Depletionofanaturalresource.

•Considerothermethods:stabilisation;geogrids;thickerasphaltlayers.

•Reusedigoutmaterial.

Aggregatestockpiles

Aggregatesneedtobestockpiledonsiteforproduction.

Dustnuisanceforneighbours/public

•Storeinpavedsheds.•SeeStockpiles(inEarthworks,4.1above).

Asphaltcutting

Waterusedtocoolthebladecancreaterunoff.

Entrytostormwaterordirectlytowaterbodiescancausepollutionandpotentialfishkills.

•Surroundthecuttingareawithbunds,sealthecatchpitoutlet.

•Removewithaportablevacuumorsuctiontruck.

Bitumen Potentialforbitumenspillage(includingwhenusingemulsion).

Pollutionofgroundsurfaceandwaterways.

•Bundaroundstorageareas.•Includespillkits.(AlsorefertotheBitumenCodeofPractice).

Work areaTopsoil or compacted fill

Non perforated pipe through bund

Construction pod to collect silt

Decanting earth bund design (Example)

Stabilised spillway extendingfrom bund to kerb

Cover dry loads

Water haul roads regularly Cover Stockpiles

Sprinklers used on small areasKeep speeds low

Wind break 50%porosity open weave mesh

Dust management techniques

Sucker Truck collects flows from pit or skips

During drilling all slurry to be collected and discharged to retention device

Construction pod inserted trapping silt

Drilling Operation and Management

Discharge from skip to a grassed area

Silt fence shaped to provide impoundment

All pumped flows passthrough silt fence

Stockpile of excavated material placedwhere runoff will flow to trench

Hardfill is progessively placedon a daily basis

Protect stormwater inlet with filtersock or sandbags

Block/filter back

(NOT to be used as primary sediment control)

Close footpath(signage/fencing)

Hardfill placement as stabilisation and stormwater inlet protection

Insert constructionpod to collect silt







Cover dry loads















Block/filter back





34



Chip-sealing

Chip-sealingofroadswithliquidbitumenandstone.

Bitumencanrunoffintodrains,noisegeneratedbywork,airpollutionfrommachineryexhausts.

•Provideawatertightskipwithacovertocollectmaterialforremovalanddisposal.

•Havespillcontainmentandresponseplanonsite.

•Informaffectedpartners.

Digoutmaterial

Suitablematerialgoesascleanfilltopit.Remaindertowaste.

Wastedumpedandincreaseslandfillvolumes.

•Maximisecleanfillgoingtopit.Considerscreeningandre-useoftopsoil.Considerre-useofbackfill.Usestabilisationtechniques.

Limestabilisation

Limeiscommonlyappliedtoimproveclaysubstrates/stabilisationduringroadconstruction.

Dust.Damagetovehicles.Highlyalkalinerunofftowaterways.Airpollutionandirritation.Pollutionofwaterwaysandpotentialfishkillsifanywatercontaminatedwithlimeentersthestormwatersystem,andlikelyresultinenforcement.

•Neverstartstabilisationwhenrainisexpected.•Useonlyinlowwind.•Whenusinglime,identifythelocationand

depthofwater,andpipes.•Identifystormwateraccesspointsanddevelop

site-specificresponseplanforlimedischarge.•Preventlimefrombeingwashedtothe

environment.•Neverwashdownplantorequipmentwhere

itcandraintoastormwaterdrainorstream.•Dry-sweepworkareasratherthanrinsing

away.•Haveaspillresponseplanwithequipment

andyourstaffwelltrained.•Followcontractspecs.

Reinstate-ment

RoadsandpavementsmustbereinstatedaspertheCodeofPractice"WorkingontheRoad".

Materialsusedforreinstatingexcavationsmaybeunsuitable.

Dust.Noise.Vibration.

•Removesaturatedexcavatedspoils.Placetopsoil100mmdeepingrassedberms.Mulchnewly-reinstatedgrassedareasandremovewhengrasshasre-established,orhydro-seed.

•See4.9Noise,vibrationanddust.




35

4.6 Utilities



Beddingandfill Supplyandplacementofdesignedaggregatestospecifiedcompaction.

Consumptionofnon-renewablenaturalresources.

•Recycledugoutmaterial.

•Usetrenchlesstechnologytominimisefill.

Gaslinedamage Inadvertentdamagetoundergroundservices.

Gasleak. •Evacuatearea;callFireService,localgassupplierandourengineer.Adviselocalresidents.

Openpits(excavationholes)

Opencutworksrequireapitortrench,anddrillingandothersubsurfaceworksneedentryholes.

Slumpingoftrenchsides.Liquidfrompits,trenchesorentryholescanoverflowtothestormwatersystemorwaterbody.Reinstatingmaterialsmustbesampledandtestedbyacertifiedtestingagency.Principalmayrequestrecords.

Dust/Noise/Vibration

•Promptlybackfillpits,trenchesandentryholes.

•Ifitisnecessarytoremoveliquidbypumping,wrapafiltersockaroundinlet.

•Neverpumpsediment-ladenwatertogutterorcatchpit.Whereappropriate,directtosiltfence,decantingearthbundorsettlingtanks.

•Neverpumpfromthebottomofthetrench.

•Materialtoosaturatedforcompactionmustberemovedfromsite.

•Silty/sandysoils(notclays)canbesettledforapproximately24hoursinsettlingtanksbeforesiphoningorpumpingtooutfall.

•Topsoilgrassedberms.Mulchnewlyreinstatedgrassedareas,orhydroseed.

•See4.9Noise,DustandVibration.


36

4.7 Trenchless Work



Breakageofwastewaterpipe

Excavationsanddirectionaldrillingruntheriskthatwastewaterpipescanbebroken.

Overflowofwastewatertoenvironmentifpipeblockageoccurs.Damagetoecosystems.

•Containment,reinstatementoftheservice,erectingsignage,cleanupandmonitoring.

•CallAucklandCouncil.•Follow'DryWeatherSewer

OverflowsBestPracticeManagementGuidelines'.

CCTV:Operationofgenerator

Closedcircuittelevisioninspectionofundergroundpipes,whichneedstobepoweredbyagenerator.

Noisenuisanceforpublicandneighbours.

•Complywithstandardsandconditionsfornoiselevelsandhours.

•Communicatehoursofworktoneighbours.

•Considernoiselevelswhenbuyinggenerator.

Curedinplacepipe(CIPP)

CIPP,usedinrehabilitationoftheexistingsewer.Bypasspumpingisusedtodivertflow.

Spills/pumpfailure.Dischargeofcontaminantsduringpipereinstatement.

•Supervisepumping.•Alarmsorstandbypumps.•Spillcontainment/response

planonsite.

Cuttingpipes Useofcuttingequipmentonpipes.

Asbestosdustresultinginpersonalhealthrisk.

•Removalandcuttingbyapprovedcontractorsonly.

•Keeppipemoist/wrap.

Grouting/lining

Groutingiswherecementitiousmaterialsarepumpedinstructuralsupportortofillvoids.

Chemicalsforgrouting/liningareflushedintoseweraswaste,causingdamagetothesewerorcloggingitwithmaterials.Thesecancontaminategroundwater.

•Selectchemicalsusedbasedonacceptabilityinthesewersystem.

•Haveinplaceaspillcontainmentandresponseplanandkittopreventescapeofchemicalsenteringsewer.






Cover dry loads















Block/filter back








37



Drillingandthrusting

For'OpenPits'see4.6.Utilities(previouspages).

Anentryandexitpitisdugandthepipeisinserted.Thrustingmachinesareputinthepit;acavityisthrustthroughtotheotherpit.Thepipeispulledthrough.

Sediment,slurryandpolymersdischargefromsub-surfacepipelinedrilling.Sedimentdischargefromde-wateringoftheentry/exitpit.Spillsofdrillingfluid,oilsorfuels.

•Prepareasedimentcontrolplan.

•Providewatertightsettlingtanksorsuctiontrucktocollectsaturatedmaterial(slurry,clay)duringdrillingforremovalfromsite.

•Removeothermaterial,ideallyonthesamedayitisremovedfromthedrillingrig.

•Donotdisposeofanyextracteddrillingmaterialonkerb,stormwatercatchpitorwastewater.

•Keepsiteandsurroundingareatidy.

•Resourceconsentisneededwhendrillingorthrustingthroughtreerootszones.

•Haveaspillcontainmentandresponseplanonsite.

Microtunnelling

Amicro-tunnellingmachineisplaceddownamanholeandpilottubepipedaheadofmachine,whichhasacuttingface.

Sedimentdischargefromworksarea.Spillsofdrillingfluid,oilsandfuels.Damagetotreesandtreeroots.

•Prepareasedimentcontrolplan(seeEarthworks,4.1).

•Haveaspillcontainmentandresponseplanonsite(seeabove).

•SeeTrees(4.11)andArchaeology(4.1).

Pipecracking Ahydraulicheadispulledorpushedthroughanoldexistingpipe.Theexistingpipeisburst.Thenewpipeispulledthroughafterwards.

Groundheavearoundpipedamagingservices.Sedimentdischarge.Spillsofhydraulicoilsandfuels.Treesroots.Archaeological/geologicalsites.


•Haveaspillcontainmentandresponseplanonsite(seeabove).

•SeeTrees(4.11)andArchaeology(4.1).

Pipejacking Alargepipeisthrustintoposition.Materialremovedmanuallyorbymachinewhilejackingthepipeintoposition.

Sedimentdischargefromworksarea.Damagetotreesandtheirroots.


•SeeTrees(4.11)andArchaeology(in4.1).

Tunnelling Onlyusedinspecialcircumstances,e.g.veryinaccessibleordeepsitesandlargediametersewers.

Sedimentdischargefromworksarea.Spills.Loweredgroundwaterlevels,resultinginsettlement.

•(SeeEarthworks,4.1).•Haveaspillcontainmentand

responseplanandequipmentonsite.



38

4.8 Substances Handling and Contaminated Materials



Asbestosstructuresandcoatings

Asrequiredinregularmaintenance,testingorpermanentremoval.

Handlinganddisposalofcontaminatedmaterial.

•InstructOSH-certifiedasbestoscompanytoundertakeworks.

Contaminatedmaterial

Maintenanceofwaternetworksmayrequireremovalofcontaminantsfromcatchpits.Sedimentmayrequirede-wateringbeforedisposal.Thereispotentialtounearthcontaminatedmateriale.g.industrialareas/historicalservicestationsites.

Handlinganddisposalofcontaminatedmaterial.Dischargetotheenvironmentduringdewateringofsediments.

•SeeDewatering(inEarthworks,4.1).

•Provideawatertightskipwithacovertocollectmaterialforremoval.

•Haveaspillcontainmentandresponseplanandequipmentonsite.

Litterremovalfromcatchpittraps,grillesandbooms

Littertrapsincatchpits,grillesatstormwaterpondoutlets,andboomsacrosspondsorstreams,needregularinspectionandmaintenance,includingperiodicremovaloflitter.

Handlinganddisposalofcontaminatedmaterial.Spillingandre-suspensionofmaterialintotheenvironment.

•Provideawatertightskipwithacovertocollectmaterialforremoval.

•Haveaspillcontainmentandresponseplanandequipmentonsite.

Oilbooms,maintenanceorreplacement

Hydrocarbon-absorbentboomsrequireregularinspection/maintenance,periodicremovalandreplacement.

Riskofcontaminatedmaterialreleaseduringhandlinganddisposal.

•Removeliquidbysuctiontruck.•Haveaspillcontainmentand


Paintingstructures

AsrequiredintheregularmaintenanceofAucklandTransportassets.

Spillofpaints,turps,thinners,paintstrippers.Preparationofthesurfaceforpaint,includingwaterorsandblasting,washingofbrushesandrollerstostormwater.Dischargetoairduringspraying.

•AucklandCouncilrequirements–nowaterblastingrun-offtostormwater.

•Containtheareabytarpaulinsetc.

•Containmentandremoval.•Haveaspillcontainmentand


•Correctlydisposeofalllead-basedpaints.

Spills Spillsofsediment,concrete,lime,asphalt,paint,fuels,chemicalsandothersubstancesusedonsite.

Potentialforpollutantstoenterthestormwatersystemordirectlyintosurfaceandundergroundwaters.Soilpollution.

•Provideaspillkitforeachsiteandvehiclethatcancontain/cleanupallspills.

•Trainstaff/sub-contractorsinemergencyprocedures.

•Avoiddecantingonsite.•Maintainequipmenttoprevent

leaks.



39



Storageofchemicals/substances

Mostjobsneedmaterialstobestoredonsite,suchasfuels,lubricantsandothersubstances.

Potentialforspillstopollutesoil,water,andairduringstorageorwhiletransferringthemtoorfromsiteordecanting.

•ComplywithGrowsafeCodeofPractice.Storeallsubstancesinsecure,bundedstore,metalbinsorcabinets.

•Labelallcontainers.Neverdecantintounmarked/unsuitable(e.g.foodorbeverageorother)containers.

•Alldecantingtobeoffsite.•ProvideMaterialSafetyData

Sheetsforallsubstancesonsite(includingfuels).

•Providespillkitsandtraining.•Segregatesubstances.•Isolatesubstancesfromthe

stormwatersystem/coverstormwaterinlets.

Wastehandlinganddisposal

Wastesmayincludespoil,plantmaterialsandconstructionordemolitionmaterials.Cleanfillscanonlyacceptcleansolidwastewithnocontaminatedsoil,greenwasteorothercontaminantsthatcouldleachout.

Stockpilingwastematerialsfordisposalmayresultincontaminatedrunoff.

•Prepareawastemanagementplanforhandling,storageanddisposalofallhazardouswastes.

•Storeallmaterialsinsturdyandwell-labelledcontainersthatseparateoutdifferentproductsforre-useorrecycling.

•Compostanygreenwasteviarefusetransferstations.

(Alsosee5.2).

Wooddisposal Trimmingoftreesgenerateswoodoff-cuts.

Potentialtobetreatedaswaste,dumpedandincreasedlandfillvolumes.

•Chipbranchesformulchforre-use.

4.9 Noise, Vibration and Dust



Dust Strippingandstockpilingsoil;exposingsoilswhichcandryandbepickedupbywind.

Polluteair,looksbad,causesnuisancetoneighbours/public

•Dampdownsiteandcontainrun-offtostormwatersystem.

•Usestabilisedentranceways.•Stabiliseexposedareasandcoverstock

piles.•Seeothertechniquesbelow.


40

Noisegeneratedbyplantandequipment

Normaloperatingnoiselevelscanbedisturbingandnoisearisingfromworksdoneoutofnormalworkinghours.

Noisepollutionforneighbours/public.

•Communicatehoursofworktoneighbours.

•Complywithstandardsandconditionsfornoiselevelsandhours.

•Separatenoisyequipmentfrompeoplebymovingitfurtherawayorputtingsound-suppressingmaterialbetweenitandpeople.

•Considernoiselevelswhenbuyingplant.

See Section 5.3 - 5.5 for more information on 'Noise', 'Vibration' and 'Dust, Emissions and Odours'.

4.10 Plant and Equipment



Maintenance.

Noiseandemissionsgeneratedbyplant.

Poorfuelefficiency.

Oldorpoorlymaintainedplant,vehiclesandequipmentusemorefuel,arenoisierandemitmorefumes.

Noise,exhaustfumes,unnecessaryuseoffossilfuels.

Noisepollutionforneighbours/public.

•Ensuretrainedstaffundertakeregularmaintenance,anddevelopprotocolfordisposingofwastes.

•ComplywiththerelevantTP90.Adviselocals.

•Noiseattenuationmaterialtoreducenoise.

•Designateanareawithinsiteforroutineplantmaintenancewithrun-offtreatedpriortodisposalordisposedoftosewer.







Cover dry loads















Block/filter back







41

Refuelling Onsiterefuellingoflargeequipmentmayoccur.

Spillsoffuelsintostormwaterordirectlyintowaterbodies.

•Bundoffandusedriptrays.•Spillcontainment/response

onsite.•Cleanupspills

immediately.

Spillages Beprepared Contaminationandwaterways

•Displaythesite'semergencyresponseprocedureatmaintenancearea.

Spill containment barrier deployed in a stream to prevent further environmental damage.

4.11 Trees, Weeds and Parks



Chainsaws Sprayingofbaroil. Contaminationofplants,soil,waterways.

•Useorganicratherthansyntheticlubricant.

Fertiliser Useoffertilisers. Breaksdownsoilstructureandleachesnutrientsintogroundwater.

•Exploreorganicalternatives.•Exploredifferentplantspecies.

Mowing Disposalofgrassclippings.

Oftentreatedaswaste,landfill.RaisedBODlevelsinstreams.

•Neverallowclippingstoenterwaterways.

•Onsitecomposting.

Spraying Chemicalvegetationandpestcontrol.

Chemicalskillnon-targetplantsandinsects.

•Providearegistrationorapplication.Useselectedspecies.

•Explorebiological/organiccontrols.

•Hand-pullweeds.Improveapplicationtechniquese.g.lowdriftnozzles,air-assistedbooms.Putinplacestormwatercontrols.


42



Trimmingandremovalforaccess

Trimmingandtreeremovalrequiredformachineryorworkswherethereisnoalternative.

Erosionandsedimentdischargepriortostabilisation.Dischargesof'loose'vegetationtoenvironment.

•Mulchnewly-reinstatedgrassedareas,anddampdown.

•Chip/mulchwood.•Compostothermaterialvia

refusestations.

Weedcontrol Controlofnoxiousweedsandinvasiveplants.

Potentialforspillsorrunoffofchemicalsandhotfoam.

•Compliancewithapplicationmethods,handlingandstorage.

•SeerelevantAucklandTransportpolicyonconditionsofuse.

Rootcutting Rootcuttinginpipeswhentreerootsenterwastewater/stormwaterpipes.Donetopreventpipeandrootexpansionthatcancausesewageoverflowsorflooding.Aftercutting,thepipemaybegrouted,curedorsliplined,tosealit.

Dischargeofseveredtreerootfragmentsorchemicalsintothestormwaterorwastewatersystem.

Damagetotreethroughinappropriatecutting.

•Removaloftreewastetoorganicfill.

•Consultarboristifappropriate.•Containmentandremovalby

suctiontrucktotheapproveddisposalsitereferredtoinyourcontract.

Workingroundtrees,andwithindripline

Workingwithinthedriplineoftreesintheroadreserveorremovingtreesintheroadreservemayneedaresourceconsent.Currentlyablanketconsentrequirementisinplacetoworkaroundtrees.

Machinery,spoilorfill,andholesortrenchescandamageroots.AAucklandTransport-approvedarboristshouldoverseeworksaroundtrees.Reportanytreeproblemstosupervisororarboristbeforeproceeding.Arboristmustsubmittotheengineermonthlyauditformsonpruningand/orworkswithinrootzoneoftreesonroadsandreserves.

•Nomachinery,holes,orspoilundertreesunlessonhardsurfaces.

•Holes/trenchesundertreestobehand-dug.

•Leaveintactandundamagedallrootsover50mmdiameter.

•Allgroundopeningswithrootsorcutrootsurfacesnotbackfilledwithin2hours,tobecoveredwithdamphessiantopreventdryingout.

•Nodamagetobranches/trunks.

•Excavationworkwithindripline,whererootsarecutordamaged,tobeinspectedbyanarborist.

•Workinaccordancewiththeblankettreeconsent.




43

4.12 Bored Tunnelling

TaskEnvironmental Risks / Effects without controls

Controls and Actions to minimise Risks

Boredtunnelling Boredtunnellingmayhaveimpactsongroundwater,whichcouldthenhavesubsequentimpactsonecologicalhabitats.

Planthedisposalofspoilandslurryarisingfromtunnellingaheadofworks.Considerre-useoptions,butbeawareofwasteregulations.Minimiselong-distancetransportviaroadinordertominimisetrafficimpacts.

Groundbornevibration Large-diametertunnelsneartogroundlevelaremostlikelytocausegroundbornevibration.

Beawareofanysensitivebuildingsinthelocality.

Noise 24-hourworkingmaycauseannoyancetoneighboursnearthetunnelportal.

NotelimitsinrelevantDistrictPlan.

Contaminatedgroundorgroundwater

Contaminatedgroundorgroundwatermaybeencounteredduringtunnelling.

Tunnellingmaycauseapreferentialpathwaythroughwhichcontaminants,mobilisedbygroundwater,mayescape.

Developacontingencyplanfordealingwithit.Ifitisencounteredhaltworksimmediately.Clearthesiteandensurethereisnosmokingwithin10metresofthesite.Seekexpertadvice.Keepanycontaminatedspoil/groundwaterseparatefromuncontaminatedspoil/groundwaterasitshouldbehandledanddisposedofappropriately.Ensurethatanycontaminationthatisencounteredisdealtwithappropriatelytopreventitsspread.

Archaeologicalfinds Watchoutforunexpectedarchaeologicalfinds.

Refer4.1,4.5and5.6.

4.13 Microtunnelling

Task/Issue Environmental Risks and Actions to Mitigate

Smallplantmaintenance Maintainsmall planttominimiseemissions.

Wastes Managewastesarisingfromtheworksproperly.

Noise Noisefrommicrotunnellingmayannoyneighbours.

Traffic Trafficenteringandleavingsitemaydisruptnormaltrafficflow.Emissionsfromtrafficmayannoyneighbours.

Damagetotreeroots Microtunnellingcandamagetree roots.


44

Contamination Contaminated groundmaybeencounteredduringtunnelling.•Developacontingencyplanfordealingwithit.Ifitisencountered,halt

worksimmediately.•Clearthesiteandensurethereisnosmokingwithin10metresofthe

site.•Seekexpertadvice.Keepanycontaminatedspoilseparatefrom

uncontaminatedspoil,asitshouldbehandledanddisposedofappropriately.

•Tunnellingmaycauseapreferentialpathwaythroughwhichcontaminants,mobilisedbygroundwater,mayescape.

•Ensurethatanycontaminationencounteredisdealtwithappropriatelytopreventitsspread.

4.14 Excavation


Excavationscanleadtomanyenvironmentalrisksifnotcarefullymanaged.

Preventwaterenteringexcavations.Whenitdoes,takemeasurestoavoiditbecomingcontaminated.Disposeofitproperly.

Beawareofunexpected archaeological finds.Materialstolookoutforduringexcavationsincludeburntorblackenedmaterial,brickortilefragments,coins,potteryorbonefragments,shelldeposits.Alsosee4.5and5.6Archaeologyskeletons,timberjointsorpostholes,brickorstonefoundations,infilledditches.

Ifexcavationrevealscontamination,haltdiggingimmediately.Clearthesiteimmediately,ensurethereisnosmokingwithin10metresofthesite.Whereappropriate,tryasfaraspossibletoidentifytheextentandcauseofcontamination(e.g.anymovementofcontaminants.)Seekexpertadvice.

Ifasbestosisuncoveredunexpectedlyduringdiggingoperations,haltdiggingoperationsatonceandrefilltheexcavation.Exposureofasbestosfilingstotheopenaircanresultinwidespreadcontaminationastheparticlesareeasilyairbornefarfromsite.Removepersonnelimmediatelyandsecurethearea.Contactsitemanagementimmediately.

Excavationplant and vehiclesusedtotransportmaterialsfromandaroundsitemaycauseimpactsfromemissions,mud,noise.Poorlymaintainedplantandvehiclescausemoreenvironmentaleffectsthanwell-maintainedplant.Useawheelwashtominimisedirtonroad.


Spoilarisingfromexcavationcanberecycled.Crushanyrockuncoveredanduseonoroffsite.Storetopsoilforreuseinpileslessthan2metreshightopreventdamagetothesoilstructure.Useexcavatedmaterialstoformnoisebundsandforlandscaping-checkwhetherplanningpermissionisrequired.




Dealingwithwaterinexcavation

•Preventwaterfromenteringexcavations.Waterrunningdownthesideofanexposedbatterfacemaydislodgefineparticlesandtakethemintosuspension.Itmayalsocausecollapse.Divertwaterbydiggingcut-offditchesaroundtheexcavationorgradingtheground.

•Priortoanyexcavationbelowthewatertable,includinganysitedewatering,informtheAucklandTransportoftheworkstobeconducted.

•Ifthereiswaterintheexcavation,donotallowplantorpersonneltomoveaboutinitandstirparticulatematter.Onceparticlesareinsuspension,particularlyfineparticlessuchassiltorclay,theycanbedifficultandexpensivetoremove.Usethecorneroftheexcavationasasumpandavoiddisturbingthatcorner.

•Waterinanexcavationwhichisopenforsometimecanbecontrolledbystone-fillededgedrainsleadingtosumps.

•Ifgroundwaterisflowingintoexcavations,considerinstallingcut-offditches,wallsorwell-pointdewatering.

•Beforedischarginganywater,alwayscheckthatyouhavepermissiontodosoandthatthedischargecomplieswithanyconditionsattachedtothatpermission.

4.15 Grouting


Groutingandrelatedissues

Blowbackfromblockagesoroverfillingfrompressuregroutingwithdrymaterialssuchascementcancausesignificantdustproblems.

Workingwithinanenclosuremaybenecessaryinparticularlysensitiveareas,althoughhealthandsafetyprecautionsmustbetakenbytheworkforce.

Groutinginornearcontaminatedgroundmaydisplacepollutedwaterfromtheexcavation.Preventtheuncontrolledreleaseofthiswater.

Preventtheuncontrolleddischargeofcementandbentoniteslurries.Useasettlementtanktoremovesediments,checkpHandcontaminationlevels,andthenobtainaconsentbeforereleasingtheeffluent.

Dealingwithwastegrout:Groutfinescanbemoresuccessfullyseparatedbytheadditionofachemicalflocculant,byhydrocloneseparationormechanicaldewatering.Thisallowseasierdisposaloftheconstituents.

Dealwithanyslurrywaste(watermixedwithsilt)appropriately.

45Common Construction Activities and Their Environmental Risks

46


Environmental Issues

Section Five


47

5.1 WaterItisvitaltomanagewaterproperlyonsitetoprotectourenvironment.Youandyourcompanymayfacelegalactionifyoucausewaterwaystobepolluted,ordisposeofunacceptablewastesviathesewersystem.

Thesitedoesn'tneedtobenexttoarivertocauseaproblem.Anypollutantsgettingintoasurfacewaterdrainorgroundwatercanendupinastreamorriverfaraway.Thepollutantscanoftenbetrackedtotheirsource.

Itdoesnottakemuchspillagetocausepollution,anditcanimpactonthewholefoodchain:highlevelsofsiltcanclogupafish'sgillsandeventuallykillit,aswellassmotherinvertebratesandsensitiveplantlife.Siltcanalsopreventfishspawningandsuffocateeggs.

Otherpollutantscandamageourwaterwaysby:

• Changingthechemicalbalanceofwaterways(e.g.cementorconcretewashwaterishighlyalkaline);

• Removingdissolvedoxygen(e.g.detergents);

• Contaminantsthatdissolvequicklyaredifficulttocontrolandtreat.Theyareeasilytransportedinwaterwaysand,iftoxic,theeffectsarelikelytobewidespread.

Potential Harm to Waterways

Concrete,chemicals,paints,sedimentfromexposedsoils,spills,dustandwashwaterdischargesaresomeofthepollutantsthatcangetintothestormwatersystem.Theseendupinstreamsandonbeaches–harmingpropertyandtheenvironment,includingkillingfishandotherwildlife.Dumpingorincorrectstorageandcontainmentofrubbishandothersolidwastescanalsoenterdrainsandflowdirectlyintofreshandsaltwater.

Sourcesinclude:

• Exposedsoil,stockpilesoffill,compostorbarkorskipsofwaste,whichifwashedintowaterways,smotherstreamlifeoruseupoxygen;

• Concreteandlimeorasphalt-cuttingwastewater;

• Sedimentorchlorineusedwhenflushingnewwatersupplylines;

• Contaminantsfrompipereinstatement;

• Wastewateroverflowscausedbypipeblockages;

• Handling,storage,dewateringanddisposalofmaterialsfromcontaminatedsitesorstormwatertreatmentdevices;and


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• Inappropriatewashdownofconcreteequipment,andgeneralmachinery.

Generalprinciplesare:

• Keep 'clean' water separate from 'dirty' water:cleanrainwater,stormwaterrunningontoyoursiteorcleangroundwaterflowingintoanexcavationneedstobedivertedawayfromworkingareasorstockpilesthatcouldcontaminatethem.Youcanthenletthis'clean'watercarryonflowingdownthegutter,intothestormwatersystemoroverlandtowardsawaterbody.Thiswillminimisetheamountof'dirty'waterassociatedwithyourworkthatyouhavetotreatanddisposeof.Assuch,youshouldconsiderthefollowing:

- Treat and dispose of 'dirty' waterthatyourworkhascontaminatedwithsoil,concreteorotherchemicalssopollutiondoesnotoccur-suggestionsaregiveninthisbooklet.

- Prevent or control spillsfromrefuellingorhandlingchemicals,anddisposeofotherliquidwastesfromyourworkinanenvironmentallyresponsibleway.

- Protect stockpiles:coveranddivertwatertopreventrunoffordust.

• Separate hazards:storewastesinbinsthatdon'tleakorallowmaterialtoblowaway,andsegregatehazardoussubstances.

• Good housekeeping:keepingatidy,cleansitewillhelpyoutodothejobmoreefficientlyaswellasprotecttheenvironment.

• Understand drains:runofffromaworksitecancarrypollutantsintostormwaterorwastewaterpipes.Useeachpipefortherightpurpose:

- Onlyuncontaminatedortreatedrainwatercangointothestormwatersystem.- Onlywastewatercangointothesanitarysewer–don'tputstormwaterintoit.- Sometradewastescangointothesewer.Commoncontaminantsfromcontractworkarelimeand

hydrocarbons.Youneedatemporarytradewastepermittodischargewastesintoanysewer.

Lime and Concrete: A Special Case

Thelimeusedforroading,stabilisationandconcreteproductsislethaltostreamlife.Itisastrongalkaliandsoluble,makingitpracticallyimpossibletofilterout.Itcancontaminatesoilandwater,justasastrongacidwould.It is so strong that diluting it with more water may cause harm to a greater length of stream which can take many years to recover.

Allowingthis–oranyothermaterial–intothestormwatersystemisillegal,andmayresultinaninstantfine,anabatementnoticeorprosecution.

Managing Water Onsite

Takethefollowingstepstoavoidcausingpollutiontowaterways:Step 1: Evaluate the potential challenges and risks for the project

Waterpollutionproblemsariseasaresultofbothactivityandinactivityonsite.Keycausesofproblemsinclude:

• Siltywateranditsincorrectdisposal;

• Spillagesofpollutantsduetobadstorageandhandlingofmaterials,ortheinadvertentdisposaltosurfacewaterdrains;

• Washoutfromconcretingoperations;

• Worksin,aboveornearwatercourses;

• Workingingroundwater;

• Waterinexcavations.Step 2: Identify appropriate control and management methods for each potential issue

• RefertoSectionFour:CommonConstructionActivitiesandTypicalEnvironmentalRisksasausefulguide,andyourownprocedures.




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Step 3: Ensure compliance and monitor implementation

• Predictpotentialpollutionincidentsbyundertakingriskassessments.

• Providetrainingsostaffandsub-contractorsknowwhattodo.

• Supervisesitepersonnelsoworksareundertakenasintendedandproblemsareaddressedquickly.

• Securesitesagainstvandalism.Step 4: Adopt an emergency response plan

Ensurethesitehasanemergencyresponseplanandthatallstaffknowhowtocarryitout.

Disposing of Water from Worksite

AAucklandTransportconsentisrequiredtodischargedirecttoawatercourse.Anyconsentissuedwillestablishallowableconcentrationsofpollutantsandflowrates,andmayprescribepeakflowratesforunpolluteddischarges.

Consentstaketimetoobtain,soplanaheadtoavoiddelays.Evenifconsentisapproved,allowablepollutionlimitswillbelow.Controlledwatersincluderivers,streams,ditches,pondsandgroundwater.Pollutionincludessiltywater,oils,chemicals,litter,andmud.

Preventanythingthathasthepotentialtopollute,includingmuddywater,fromenteringthesurfacewaterdrains.

Avoiding Spillages

Precautionstoavoidspillagesincludetheuseofbundsaroundoilstoragetanksandtheuseofdriptraysaroundmobileplant.

Planaheadtoavoidtheneedforemergencymeasures.Forexample,sandbagscanbeusedasabarriertoprotectsensitiveareas.Blockoffdrainsduringrefuelling.Anysandorsoilthatbecomescontaminatedmustbedisposedofproperly.

Managing Surface Water Runoff

Surfacewaterrunningacrossorpondingonasitemaycausewatermanagement,pollutionanderosionproblems.Thesolutionistocontrolsurfacewatersothatitdoesnotrunintoexcavations,disturbedgroundorhaulroads,andtominimiseerosiononsite.

Ensurethatthewatercollectionsystemisadequatetohandlethecontrolledreleaseofstormflows.Ensuresiltyrunofffromdisturbedgroundandsoilstockpilesdoesnotreachwaterways.

Indryweatherlargequantitiesofmudandoilscanbuilduponhard-surfaceareas.Ifthesearenotcleanedfrequently,asuddenshowercanwashthemintowatercourses,causingmajorpollution.Therefore,keephardstandingandsurfaceroadssweptclean.

Emergency Response

Followtheemergencyplanforthesite.

Intheeventofsilting,erosionorpollutionofawaterway,thesitemanagershouldfollowtheIncidentResponseandNotificationProcedureinSectionOneofthisguide.Followingclean-up,theincidentmustbereportedtothecompany'senvironmentalrepresentativetolearnfromwhathappenedandavoidfutureoccurrences.

Aneffectiveemergencyresponsesystemreliesonthefollowingelements:

•Anemergencyresponseplan •Definitionofresponsibilities

•Contactnumbers •Traininginimplementation

Sitemanagersshouldensurethenecessaryinformationandequipmentisathandandupdatedregularly.


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Thiswillrequiredetailedplanning.

Emergency Response Plan

Ensurethatallappropriatestaffareawareofthecompany'semergencyprocedureandknowhowtouseit(seetheexamplegivenbelow.ThiscouldbeintegratedwiththeIncidentResponseandNotificationProcedureandotherrelevantguidanceabove).

Example of a Typical Emergency Plan

1. Incaseofspillageofoilsandchemicalsreportimmediatelytomanager/supervisorwhoshouldthenreporttheincidenttotheAucklandTransportanditsenvironmentalagency.Theywillfindouteventually,butifyoureportfirst,itwillbuildabetterrelationship.

2. Trytoidentifythesourceofpollutionandstoptheflowimmediately.Switchoffsourcesofignition.

3. Avoidthespillagespreading:

•Checkthesitedrainageplan-wherewillthespillageendup?

•Stoptheflowifpossible.

•Damtheflowwithearth/sand/polythene.

•Divertfromdrains/watercourseswherepossible.

•Getaspillkit.

•Useabsorbentmaterialsifappropriate

•Placeaboomacrosswatercoursesasprecaution.

4. Donotwashspillageintothedrainagesystem-itonlymakesthingsworse.Neverusedetergents–usesandorabsorbentpadstomopitup.

5. Ifthespillhasalreadyenteredthedrains,blockofftheentrancetothedrains.

6. Shovelcontaminatedsand/earth/granulesintosacksorskipsaccordingtosize.Thesemustbedisposedofappropriately.Oilpoolsmayfirstberemovedbyasludge-gulper.

Responsibilities

Definetheresponsibilityforthefollowingwithsitepersonnel:

• Reportingtothesitemanager;

• Reportingtoenvironmentalagenciesandotherregulatoryauthorities;

• Takingchargeatthescene;

• Recordingeventsasanincidentrecord;

• Regularlycheckingthatthecontentsofthespillagekitsarecomplete.

Ensurethatthecontactdetailsforthefollowinggroupsareeasilyavailable:

• Listofsitepersonnelandsub-contractoroffices;

• Yourcompany'senvironmentalrepresentative;

• FireService/Police111;

• AucklandTransport'senvironmentalagencies;

• DistrictHealthBoard;




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• Equipmentsuppliers(e.g.pumphireandwastedisposalsub-contractorsforskiphire);

• Liquidwastedisposalcontractors.

Equipment• Emergencyspillkitsareidealfordealingwithspillages,usuallyconsistingofequipmenttocontainand

absorbspillsonlandandwater.Obtainthemfromareputablesupplier.

• Thecontentswilldependontheproject,buttheymayincludeoil-absorbentgranules,"pigs"or"sausages",floatingbooms,absorbentmats,polythenesheeting,orpolythenesacks.

• Storetheminamarkedbagorwheeliebininawellsignpostedlocation.Itisbesttostorethemnearwheretheymaybeneeded.Ensureinadvancethatboomsforriversarelongenoughandhavesuitableanchorages,andthekitisadequateforthetypesandvolumesofsubstancesused.

• Assessthenumberanddeploymentofitforquickaccessacrossthesite.

Bucketsofsand,earth,strawbalesandragsaregoodforcleaningupsmallspillages.Thereisalsoawiderangeofproprietaryequipmentavailablefromsupplierstodealwithspillages.Specialmatsorcushionscanbeplacedoverdrainstopreventpollutiontowatersupplies,locatedatthesourceofleaksorunderpipejoints.

Training

Makesurethatsitepersonnelknowwhotocontactintheeventofaspillage,whattodoandwheretogetequipmentfrom.Manufacturersofspillagekitsusuallyprovidetrainingintheiruse.

5.2 WasteSediment,concrete,dustandotherwastesarehighlyvisiblepollutantsthatcauseagreatdealofcommunityconcern.Messyanduntidyworksitesarealsomorelikelytobeunsafeandpolluting,andwillinevitablyattracttime-consumingpubliccomplaints.

Differenttypesofwasteneedtobetreatedappropriately:

• Inactive wastecoversmaterialsthatdonotundergosignificantphysical,chemicalorbiologicalreactionsorcauseenvironmentalpollutionwhendepositedatalandfillundernormalconditions.Theseincludeuncontaminatedsoilsandrocks,ceramics,concrete,masonry,brickrubbleandminerals.

• Active wastesincludeacids,pesticides,woodpreservatives,oilysludges,batteries,wasteoils,asbestos,timber,plastics,alkalinesolutionsandbitumen.Someactivewastesmayalsobespecialwastes.

• Special wastesarethosethataredeemedtobedangeroustolife;theymaybecorrosive,reactive,explosive,oxidising,carcinogenicorflammable.Someofthemorecommonspecialwastesincludeacids,alkalinesolutions,oilysludges,wasteoilsandwoodpreservatives.

Waste Management Onsite

Tomanagewasteseffectively,focuson:

• Theamountofmaterialsthatarewasted;

• Thewayinwhichwastesarehandledandstored;

• Theamountofwastesthatcanbereclaimed;and

• Themethodofdisposalofwastes.

Thissectionprovidesguidanceonhowtoaddresseachoftheseissues.Thesitemanagershouldallocateresponsibilityfortheseissuesonsitetonominatedindividuals.Onlargesitesitmaybemoreappropriatetodesignateonepersonasthesitewastemanager.

Tomanagewasteseffectivelyandefficientlyitisimportanttoallocatesufficientspaceandresources.Inordertoplanwastemanagement,itishelpfultoknowthetypesandquantitiesofwastesaregeneratedonsite.Thisinformationcanbeobtainedbymonitoringwastesonsiteandbydrawingonpreviousexperience.


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Checklist - Storing Wastes Properly Onsite• Segregatedifferenttypesofwasteastheyaregenerated.

• Markwastecontainersclearlywiththeirintendedcontents.Considerusingcolourcoding.

• Usecontainerssuitablefortheircontents.Checkthatcontainersarenotcorrodedorwornout.

• Minimisetheriskofaccidentalspillagesorleaks.Providecoversandbundstopreventevaporationandspillageofwastes.

• Ensurethatwastescannotblowaway.

5.3 NoiseThenoiselevelsandtimingthatapplytothejobshouldbeconsideredundertherelevantDistrictPlanand

NZS6802,Aguidetonoisecontrol–constructionnoiseandNZS68031999:'Acoustics-ConstructionNoise'.

What is Noise?

Noiseisoftenexplainedasbeingasoundthatisunwantedbythelistener.Soundisawavemotioncarriedbyairparticlesbetweenthesourceandthereceiver,usuallytheear.Itmayconsistofahigh-pitchedorlow-pitchedwhine,oritmayhavenospecialdistinguishingfeatures.Sound,pressureandnoisearemeasuredinunitsofdecibel(dB)usingalogarithmicscale.Thismeansthatifyouincreaseasoundby10dBitisperceivedasadoublinginloudness.

Asaruleofthumb,ifyouhavetoshouttomakeyourselfheardoverbackgroundnoisefromthesite,thenthebackgroundnoiseislikelytobeabout75-80dB.

Why Noise is Important

Excessivenoiselevelsonsiterepresentamajorhazardtositeworks.Neighbours/occupiersoflandhaveadutytoavoidunreasonablenoiseundertheRMA.Noisecausesmoreoffsitecomplaintsthananyothertopicandcanrapidlysourrelations.Noisecanalsodisturbourwildlifeandnaturalheritage.

Varioustypesofcontrolonnoiselevelsfromconstructionsitescanbeimposedwhennoisestartstocauseanuisance.Thesecontrolscanaffecttheprogrammebylimitingthelengthoftimewhichnoisyactivitiesareallowedandinfluencingtheconstructionmethod.Failingtomeetnoiseconstraintscanresultinfines.

Reducing Noise Levels in the Community

Therearethreefactorsthatinfluencenoiselevelsatagivenpoint:

1. Sitemanagementandconstructionmethod.

2. Plant.

3. Screening.

Foreachofthesefactorssimplyfollowinggoodpracticecanbringgreatbenefits.Furtherreductionsrequireattentiontobedirectedtospecificequipmentormethods.

Inplanningtheapproachtonoisereductiononaproject,thebenefitstobegainedfromeachfactorshouldbeweighedagainstthecostofimplementation.Insomesituationstheremaybeonlyonesolution.

Site Management and Construction Method (including Timing, Duration and Phasing)

Thegeneraloperationofthesiteneedstobeaddressedtocontrolnoise.Itisnotonlyloudnoisesthatcausecomplaint,butalsoanti-socialactivityandirregularortonalnoisessuchasreversingwarnings.Otherreasonsforcomplaintincludeshouting,badlanguage,radiosandout-of-hoursdeliveries.

Someoftheconstructionactivitiesthatcausethegreatestproblemsarepiling(particularlybydieselhammer),breakingoutwithpneumatictools,fallingballdemolition,earthmoving,scabbling,concretepoursandmaintenanceworks.

Calculatingnoiselevelsforrealoperationsinvolvescombiningthecumulativeeffectsofmanydifferentitemsofplant.




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Usethechecklistbelowtominimisenoiseandvibration.

Checklist• Itisimportantwhencommunicatingwithstakeholderstoemphasisetheimpactofnoisetofullyand

realisticallyinformthem.

• Changetheworkingmethod,equipmentormodesofoperationtoreducenoise.Forexample,indemolitionworks,hydraulicshearscanbeusedinplaceofhydraulicimpactbreakers.Indrivingsteelsheetpiles,wouldthegroundconditionssuitthejackingmethod(i.e.cohesivesoils),whichgenerateonlyafractionofthenoiseofconventionalhammer-driving,piling.Whenbreakingoutpavementscanmethodsotherthanpneumaticbreakersanddrillsbeused?Considerchemicalsplittersorfallingweightbreakers.

• Reducetheneedfornoisyassemblypractices,e.g.fabricateoffsite.

• Keepnoisyplantasfarawayaspossiblefrompublicareas.

• Adoptworkinghourstorestrictnoisyactivitiestocertainperiodsoftheday.

• Routeconstructionvehiclestotakeintoaccounttheneedtoreducenoiseandvibration.

• Keephaulroadswellmaintained.

• Usemufflersorsilencerstoreducenoisetransmittedalongpipesandducts.

• Minimisethedropheightintohoppers,lorriesorotherplant(reducingthedropheightbyafactorof10reducesnoisebyabout10dB).

• Considerusingrubberliningsontippersinnoise-sensitivesites.

Plant

Noiselevelsfromindividualplantitemscanvaryconsiderablydependingonhowtheyareconfiguredandused.Carefulselectionofplantisessentialwhennoiseisimportant.Tominimisethenoisefromyoursiteplant,observethefollowingrules:

• Useonlyplantconformingwithrelevantstandardsanddirectivesonemissions.Olderplant,althoughstilllegaltouse,maynothavesuchidentification;asitmaybenoisierthanmodernplant,avoidusingitinnoise-sensitiveareas.

• Whenoperatingplant,usenoise-controlequipmentsuchasjacketsonpneumaticdrills,coversoncompressors,shroudsonpilingrigsandcranes.Ifindoubtaboutwhatisappropriateaskthemanufacturer.Hoodsanddoorsoncompressorsandcranesetc.shouldnotonlybeclosedbutalsobetightlyfittingandwellsealed.Apartlycloseddoorisoflittleuse.Considerplacingadditionalscreeningaroundtheplantsuchasplywoodscreens(seeScreeningexplantationbelow).

• Electrically-poweredplantisquieterthandieselorpetrol-drivenplant.

• Operateplantproperlysothatitdoesnotcauseexcessivenoise.Shutdownplantwhenitisnotinuse.

• Maintainplantproperly-adequatelubricationtoreducesqueaksandthetighteningofloosenutsandboltstominimiserattlesarepartofroutinemaintenance.

• Provideeffectivesilencersforplant,e.g.pneumaticpercussivetools.

• Fixrotatingorimpactingmachinesonanti-vibrationmountings.

• Ensurethataudiblewarningsystems(includingreversingalarms)areswitchedtotheminimumsettingrequiredbytheHealthandSafetyExecutive.Considertheuseofalternativesystems(e.g.cab-mountedCCTV)whereappropriate.Trafficroutesthatavoidreversingonsitewillminimisetheimpact.Usetannoysystemsonlywhennecessary.

Beawarethatnoisefromsomeplant,suchascompressors,maybeemittedmoreinsomedirectionsthanothers,thereforeconsidertheorientationofstaticplant.Ifyouputplantnexttoasolidsurface(e.g.awall)thenoisewillbereflectedawayfromthesurfaceandincreasedby3dB(A).

Screening

Screenscanreducenoiselevelsfromasiteconsiderablyatarelativelylowcost.Factorsaffectingtheefficiencyofascreenincludedistancefromthesourceandfromthereceiverofnoise,densityofmaterialused,heightandlength,thepresenceofholesanditspositionrelativetonoise-reflectingsurfaces.


Noisescreenscanconsistoftopographicalfeaturesaswellasartificialmaterials(treesdolittletoreducenoise).Tobeeffectiveanartificialscreenshouldhaveadensityofatleast7kg/m2ofsurfacearea.Thisequatesto12mmthicknessofplywood.Asitehoardingcanthereforehaveascreeningeffect,althoughitsvalueisdiminishedifitisdistantfromthesourceandreceptor.Ifthehoardingisactingasanoisescreen,worksitegatesshouldbeopenedfortheminimumamountoftimetoallowthepassageofvehicles.

Checklist - Design and Placement of Screens• Wherepossible,placesourcesofnoiseawayfromsensitiveareas.

• Avoidsound-trapsthatamplifynoise.

• Almostanysolidly-builtscreenisbetterthannone.

• Erectthescreenclosetothesourceofnoise.

• Buildthescreenfromstoutmaterials,withpanelsstiffenedtopreventdrumming.

• Forthemosteffectiveresultsbuildthescreenabout1metreabovethehighestsightline.

• Sealallgapsandopenings,includinggapsatthebottomofthescreen.

• Glazeanypublicobservationopeningsinperimeterhoardingswithperspex(protectedwithwiremeshorsimilar)ifsensitiveareasarecloserthantheheightofthehoarding.

• Considerplacingadditionalscreensclosetosensitiveareasbutnotparalleltonearbywalls.

5.4 VibrationWhy Vibration is Important

Althoughrare,highvibrationlevelsoversustainedperiodscancausedamagetobuildingsandsensitiveequipmentwithinbuildings,suchascomputers.Lowerlevelscancausenuisancetoresidents.Thedegreeofannoyancedependsontheactivity,thepersonsaffectedandthevibrationintensity.Itislikelylocalresidentswillcomplainaboutanyperceivedvibrationsassoonastheybecomenoticeable.

Vibrationmayalsocausedisruptiontowildlife,anddamagetogeological,geomorphologicalandarchaeologicalsites.Thelevelatwhichthisoccursissite-specific.

Sincetheeffectsofhigh-frequencyvibrationarelessthanthoseoflow-frequencyones,itisworthseekingwaystochangethefrequencyifaproblemisbeingcaused.Thisusuallyrequiresspecialistadvice;askplantmanufacturersfortheirhelp.

Pleasenoteasensitivitysurveymaynotberequiredinallinstances.Thisshouldbereferencedinyourcontract.

How to Avoid Vibration Problems

Therearethreeprimaryaimsinthemanagementofvibrationonsite:

• Toavoidcausingdamagetonearbystructures.

• Toavoidcausingannoyanceandconcerns.

• Toavoidbeingfalselyaccusedofcausingdamage.

Thefollowingfourstepswillhelpinaddressingeachoftheseaims:

STEP 1 Monitor Conditions Before Works Start

Beforestartingconstruction,itmaybenecessarytosurveysensitivelocationsandstructuresifthereissignificantriskofcausinganeffect.Thesurveyshouldincludeadetailedrecordof:

• Existingcracksandtheirwidths;

• Levelandplumbsurvey,includingdamp-proofcourse;

• Measurementsoftiltingwallsorbulges;

• Otherexistingdamageincludinglooseorbrokentiles,pipes,gulliesorplaster.

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Photographicrecordsandtheinstallationofmeasurabletell-taledevicesarealsohelpfultoestablishallegedoractualdamage.Insomesituationsitwillbenecessarytostrengthenvulnerableoffsitestructuresbeforevibrationsstart.

Sensitivelocationstosurveyandmonitorbeforeandduringconstructionmayinclude:

• Schools;

• Hospitalsandnursinghomes;

• Historicbuildings;

• Museums;

• Laboratories;

• Precisionmachineworkshops;

• Sensitiveplantorequipmentusedbylocalcompanies;

• Housing;

• Buildingsinpoorcondition;

• Brittle/ancientundergroundservices,includingtunnels. STEP 2 Inform Neighbours

Vibrationcausesanxietyandannoyancetoresidentsmostlybecausetheyfearthatitwillcausedamage.Itisthereforeusefultoexplaintothemthatdamageonlyoccursatvibrationlevelsmanytimesgreaterthanthosethatcanbefeltfromtheconstructionsite.

Informingneighboursofthepotentialforvibrationallowsthesitestafftolearnofanyparticularlysensitiveissuesthatmaybetime-dependentandthatmayberesolvedbylimitinghoursofwork.

Manufacturersshouldbeabletoadviseonthelevelofvibrationthatmightharmcomputerinstallations. STEP 3 Minimise Effects During Works

Reducingvibrationsduringtheworksisdifficulttoachievebecausetheremaybeafundamentalside-effectoftheprocessbeingundertaken.

Toreducevibrations,themethodsbeingproposedwillneedtobere-evaluated.Forexample,pilingiswellknownforcausingvibrationeffects,butdrivencasingscausegreatereffectsthanvibratedcasings.Whenevaluatinghowtoreducevibrationsconsiderthefollowing:

• High-frequencyvibrationcauseslessdamagethanlow-frequencyvibration;

• Isolatingplant;

• Plantplacedonaheavybasecauseslessvibrationthanplantonalighterbase,e.g.suspendedslabs;

• Vibrationstravellessdistanceinunsaturatedground.Ifgroundwaterlevelsfluctuate(e.g.intidalregions),carryoutworksduringlowertides.

STEP 4 Monitor Vibration Levels During Works

Tobeeffective,vibration-levelmonitoringneedstobecarriedoutbytrainedstafforbyexternalspecialists.However,itmaybenecessaryforsitestafftodiscusswithbuildingoccupantswherevibrationmonitoringcanbeconducted.Thetwomainrulesformonitoringatpropertiesduringoperationsare:

• Measureinsideroomswhenassessingnuisance;

• Measureonthestructureoutsidewhenassessingdamage(doorstepsareagoodlocation).

Withsensitivestructures,continuedvisualmonitoringandmeasurementofcrackwidthsisthebestwaytodeterminewhetherdamageisbeingcaused.

Itisimportanttorefertothecommonly-usedstandardsformeasuringvibration;specialistadvicemaybewarranted.


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5.5 Dust, Emissions and OdoursWhy Dust, Emissions and Odours are Important

Dust,emissionsandodoursarisingfromasitewillannoyneighboursandcanevencausehealthrisksathighconcentrations.Thereisalsothepotentialforlegalaction,whichwillhavecostandprogrammeimplications.Dust,emissionsandodourscanbeparticularlyhazardoustositestaffinconfinedspaces,soseekinformationoncontrolsfromthecompanyhealthandsafetyofficers.

Today'sdustistomorrow'ssediment.Coverstockpiles,orexposedareasandcontroldustfromsurfacecutting,especiallyinbuilt-upareaswheredustmayannoyresidents.

Dustisgenerallyconsideredtobeanyairbornesolidmatteruptoabout2mminsize.Particlesizescanvaryconsiderably,dependingontheirorigin,andthesmallestparticlescanbebreathedin.Humanhealtheffectsofairbornedustaregenerallyassociatedwithparticleslessthanapproximately10microns(PM10).Somedust,suchaslimestonedust,ischemicallyactive.

Largerparticles(typicallygreaterthan20microns)aregenerallyfoundtobethesourceofnuisancedustastheycansoilpropertyandaffectvisibility.

Annoyance to Neighbours

Dust,emissionsandodoursdisturbsiteneighbours.Annoyanceiscausedwhenresidentshavetore-cleanwashingthathasbeenhangingoutandwhentheyhavetowashcars,curtainsandwindows.Windblowndustcanbeunsightlyoverlongdistancesinscenicareas.Inexceptionalcircumstances,dustcanaffecthealthby,forexample,causingeyeirritation.Asthmacanbeexacerbatedbyexposuretorespirabledust.

How to Avoid Problems

Withdust,emissionsandodouragoodruleofthumbisthatthereshouldbenonuisancecausedbeyondtheboundary.Regulatorstendtobecomeinvolvedonlyonceproblemshavebeencreatedandcomplaintsreceived.Toavoidcausingcomplaints,thesiteshouldoperateamanagementsystemthatensuresthat:• Dust,emissionsandodourfromgeneraloperationsareminimisedthroughadoptionofgoodworking

practice;• Specialconsiderationforcontrolmeasuresisgivenincircumstanceswheregeneralgoodpracticemaynot

besufficienttoavoidcausingproblems.

Itisalsovaluabletokeeparecordofdailydustconditionsandmitigationmeasurestakenincasedisputesarise.

Checklist - Avoiding Dust Generation

Haul Routes• Selectsuitablehaulroutesawayfromsensitivesitesifpossible.• Paveheavily-usedareas,orusegeotextilese.g.aroundbatchingplantorhaulroutes.Sweeptheseregularly.• Providealengthofpavedroadorastabilisedconstructionentrance(TP90)beforetheexitfromthesite.• Reducethewidthofhaulroads(whilestillallowingtwo-waytraffic)tominimisesurfaceareafromwhichdust

maybeproduced.• Sweeppavedaccessroads(whilestillallowingtwo-waytraffic)andpublicroadsregularlyusingavacuum

sweeper.• Limitvehiclespeeds-theslowerthevehicles,thelessdustgenerated.• Dampdown(seeover).

Demolition• Useenclosedchutesfordroppingtoground-leveldemolitionmaterialsthathavethepotentialtocause

dustandregularlydampenthechutes.• Locatecrushingplantawayfromsensitivesites-considersitingwithinbuildings(e.g.buildingswithinthe

sitethatwillnotbedemolishedorthosetobedemolishedlast).




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Plant• Cleanthewheelsofvehiclesleavingthesitesothatmudisnotspreadonsurroundingroads-drymud

turnstodust.• Ensurethatexhaustsdonotdischargedirectlytotheground.

Earthworks and Excavations• Revegetateorsealtemporaryorcompletedearthworksassoonaspossible.• Keepearthworksdamp-trytoprogrammetoavoidexceptionallydryweather.

Materials Handling and Storage• Locatestockpilesoutofthewind(orprovidewindbreaks)tominimisethepotentialfordustgeneration.• Keepthestockpilestotheminimumpracticableheightandusegentleslopes.• Compactandbindstockpilesurfaces(inextremecases).Revegetatelong-termstockpiles.Coversmall

stockpileswithgeotextilecloth.• Minimisethestoragetimeofmaterialsonsite.• Storematerialsawayfromthesiteboundaryanddownwindofsensitiveareas.• Ensurethatalldust-generatingmaterialstransportedtoandfromsitearecoveredbytarpaulin.• Minimisetheheightoffallofmaterials.• Avoidspillage,andcleanupassoonaspossible.• Dampdown(seebelow).

Concrete Batching and Pouring• Mixlargequantitiesofconcreteorbentoniteslurriesinenclosed/shieldedareas.• Beforeconcretepours,vacuumdirtinformworkratherthanblowingitout.• Keeplargeconcretepourscleanaftertheyhavegoneoff.Theygeneratelargequantitiesofdust.

Cutting/Grinding/Grouting/Packing• Minimisecuttingandgrindingonsite.• Oncuttersandsaws,useequipmentandtechniquessuchasdustextractorstominimisedust.Considera

wetcuttingsaworusevacuumextraction.• Spraywaterduringcuttingofpavingslabstominimisedust.• Disposeofanywashwaterappropriately.

Damp Down using Water

Themosteffectiveapplicationofwaterinsuppressingdustisbyusingafinespray,buttheefficiencydependsonthespeedofthebowser.Repeatsprayregularlyandfrequently,especiallyduringwarmandsunnyweatherwhenwaterwillevaporatequickly.Considerspraying:• Unpavedworkareassubjecttotrafficorwind.• Structuresandbuildingsduringdemolition.• Sand,spoolandaggregatestockpiles(thishasonlyatemporaryandslighteffect).• Duringloadingandunloadingofdust-generatingmaterials.

Ifyouareabstractingwaterfromawatercourse,ensurethatyouhaveobtainedpermission.

5.6 ArchaeologySometimesexcavationsuncoverevidenceofhistoricMaoriorcolonialEuropeanactivities.Itisagainstthelawtodamageordestroyhistoricstructuresfrombeforetheyear1900,unlessyouhaveapprovalfromtheHistoricPlacesTrust.Shellbanksmaybemiddens.

Why is Archaeology Important?

Archaeologicalremainsareirreplaceableandareavaluablepartofournationalheritage.Encounteringunexpectedarchaeologicalfindscanaffectbothprojectprogrammeandcosts.• Delaysandcostscanoccurwhenworkshavetobestoppedtoallowforarchaeologicalexcavation.


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• Damagecausedtoscheduledsitesormonumentscanresultinprosecutionandsignificantprogrammedelayswhilethedamageisassessed,andwhilescheduledmonumentconsentisappliedfortocarryoutrepairs.

Managing Archaeology Onsite

Ifitislikelythatarchaeologicalorhistoricalfeatureswillbefoundduringaproject,theAucklandTransportwillprobablyhavecommissionedsomeworkonthesite.Askthecouncilfortheinformationtheyholdaboutthesite.

Evenifaninvestigationhasbeencarriedout,theremaystillbeapotentialforunexpectedfindstobeuncoveredduringconstruction.Thecontractor'sresponsibilitiesandliabilitieswilldependontheparticularcontractandthesitemanagershouldbeawareofthese.Thecontractorisnotexpectedtobeanarchaeologicalexpertbutmustdothefollowing:• Followthecontractualobligations,e.g.providingattendancesand/oraccesstoprofessional

archaeologists.• Protectknownarchaeologicalandheritagesites.

• Reportanysignificantfindsarisingduringconstruction.

Comply with Contract and Planning Conditions

IdentifyanycontractualobligationsandconditionsthatmaybeattachedtotheHistoricPlacesTrustpermission(seeabove).Asktheclientforanyinformationthattheyholdonthesite.

Protect Known Archaeological and Historical Features

Ensurethattheproposedmethodofworkingcomplieswithanyobligationsidentified.Worksthatarelocatedclosetoasiteofarchaeologicalorculturalsignificancecanhaveadamagingimpact.Forexample,vibrationcouldcausecrackingandsubsidenceinlistedbuildings;accessroadscoulddisturbhistoricareas.

Be Prepared for Unexpected Finds

Whetherornotknownarchaeologicalorhistoricalfeatureshavebeenidentifiedonyoursite,thereisstillthepotentialforunexpectedfindstobeuncoveredduringworks.Materialstolookoutforduringexcavationsincludeburntorblackenedmaterials,brickortilefragments,coins,potteryorbonefragments,skeletons,timberjointsorpostholes,brickorstonefoundations,andinfilledshelldepositditches.

If Any Finds Are Encountered• Stopworkimmediatelyinthearea.• Protectthefindbyfencing/blockingitoffandcontactthesitemanager.• ContactthePrincipal'sContractManagerwhowillcontacttheHistoricPlacesTrust,iwiandotherrelevant

stakeholdersasappropriate.Ifbonesareuncovered,thePolicemustbenotified.• DonotresumeworkuntilinstructedbythePrincipal'sContractManager.

5.7 Other ConsiderationsDamage to Property and Infrastructure Assets

Yourworkplanscanhelpyouminimisethedamageyourworkdoestootherproperty,suchasgrassverges,footpaths,vegetationandundergroundservices.

Soil Erosion and Land Undermining

Vegetationremoval,dewateringandvibrationcancauseerosion,soilcrackingandlandinstabilityonandaroundyourworksite.

Exhaust Fumes from Vehicles and Machinery

Considerturningenginesoffwhennotinuse,placingthemdownwindofneighbours,andconsiderlow-emissionmachinerywhenreplacingassets.Donotallowfumestogoupintoatreecanopyasthiscandamagethetree.




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Additional Resources

Section Six

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6.1 TrainingHereisalistofenvironmentaltopicsyoucouldcoveratregulartoolboxmeetings:

•Consentconditions •Limeandconcrete

•Permittedactivitystandards •Erosionandsedimentcontrol

•Environmentalrisksofkeytasks •Stormresponse

•Howtousethespillkit •Dustcontrol/noise

•Respondingtopubliccomplaints •Emergencyresponse

•Wastestorageanddisposal •Safehandlingofchemicalsandpaint

•Whattodoifyoufindarchaeologicalevidence •Worksin/oraroundtrees

•Dewateringorpumping •Refuellingandmaintenance

•Wastemanagement •Newinitiativesandbrightideas

Identifying Training Needs

Topic Trainer Recipient Training frequency

Safetyandenvironmentalinduction Principal Everyone Varies

Site/projectspecificinduction Contractor Everyone Atstartofproject

Site-specificenvironmentalinduction,consentconditions,permittedactivities,environmentalcontrols

Contractororotherapprovedprovidere.g.RoadingNZ

Projectengineers,supervisorsandsub-contractors

Asrequiredwhenpersonnelchanges

Erosionandsedimentcontroltraining Externaltrainers Sitesupervisors,sub-contractors

Bi-annual

Emergencyresponsetraining Contractor Everyone,sub-contractors

Randomspillexercisesix-monthly

Contactyourrelevantindustryassociationforspecifictraininginformatione.g.RoadingNewZealand.

6.2 Helpful ContactsNZHistoricPlacesTrust:3078896

RoadingNewZealand:4482143

EECA,theEnergyEfficiencyandConservationAuthority:0800358676

ERMA,theEnvironmentalRiskManagementAuthority:044738426

MinistryfortheEnvironmentSustainableBusinessTeam:9131640

NZBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopment(NZBCSD):5259727

SustainableBusinessNetwork(SBN):9202400

GasEmergencycallcentre:0800764764.

References

BituminousMaterialsUsedinRoading-CodeofPracticeforSafeHandling(BCA9904).2000.PavementandBitumenContractors'Association,POBox12013,Wellington.

StandardsNewZealand,2006,Handbook.Environmentalriskmanagement–principlesandprocess.HB203:2006.


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