Workplace EV Charging as the Next Building & Campus Load Management Challenge and Revenue Opportunity

Byron WashomUC San Diego

With a daily population of

over 60,000, UC San Diego

is the size and complexity of

a small city.

As a research and medical

institution, we have two

times the energy density of

commercial buildings

16+ million sq. ft. of

buildings and $1 Billion/yr

of building growth

UC San Diego’s 52 MW Microgrid

Significant Campus Progress• Energy Efficiency:

➢ $100M in energy retrofits completed

➢ $99M in progress or planned

➢ Helps offset 60% increase in GSF

➢ Saves over $12M/year in energy costs

• Microgrid...provides 80% of energy:

➢ 30 MW Cogen Plant

➢ 2.2 MWs of PV (3.1 MWs all UCSD)

➢ 2.8 MW Fuel Cell directed biogas + 350 ton chiller

➢ 2.5 MW / 5 MWh Adv. Energy Storage

➢ V2G and EV to Grid Integration

➢ 7.6 MGals Thermal Energy Storage

➢ Direct Access...100% renewable grid power by 2021

High Altitude Overview of EV Infrastructure as of November 14, 2019

• 210 Commercial Level II Chargers• 44 Demonstration and Prototype Chargers• 56 forthcoming Next Generation Demonstrations• Existing 254 Chargers Dispense 88 MWH/Month (+8%/mo)

• 1200+ Unique EVs/Mo (+8%/mo)• 8 EV Manufacturers offer Incentives to students, faculty & staff

• High Correlation of New Level IIs Supply & EV Commuters

• Previously 3 DC Fast Chargers supplied 11% while 211 Level IIs = 89%

• Charging cadence and Customer Retention favorably indicates that our commuters lack access to home charging, a vital market for success

• Mitigating On-Peak Usage

“The best time to plant a fruit bearing tree was five years ago”

2014 was the pivotal year for Vehicle Grid Integration at UCSD, for it marked the first grant for demonstration of the 26 ISO 15118 “Smart” Chargers with the highest IQ in Level II charging, 3 DC Fast Chargers, and the purchase of 50 Daimler Smart Cars for fleet applications.

2014 “No Regrets” EV Charging Infrastructure “Build It and They Will Come” CAPEX Stratgy

CAPEX Co-funding with EVgo for 176 forty Amp Stub Outs at 18 different plaza sites that would later serve as the plug and play infrastructure for a diverse portfolio of applications on campus including workplace, Multi-Unit Dwellings, retail, hospitals, visitor venues, parking structures, police station, fleet service yards, ZNE warehouse, an ocean marine terminal and next generation prototypes such a Vehicle-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Building.

Averaged a Growth of 7 New EV Commuters/ Month for Every 1 New Charging Port Installed

UC San Diego’s Performance History in Providing Workplace and Public EV Charging

150% per Annum Growth Rate the Past 3 Years

Oct 2019 = 88 MWH of Charging

Tracking 4200+ Customer’s by Month-Year of First Charge Indicates Exceptionally Strong Retention

| 11

Workplace charging enables more renewable energy consumption particularly during periods of surplus on the grid

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

24,000

26,000

28,000

30,000

32,000

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

24,000

26,000

28,000

30,000

32,000

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00

1M PEVs

5M PEVs

5M PEVs

1M PEVs

100% Home Charging 100% Work Charging

CA Net Demand CA Net Demand

Drivers are twice as likely to

get an EV when Workplace

charging is available

| 12

Agility to Hourly Reshape the Load for Max Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Value

Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)

• LCFS = CA Carbon Market

• Gas Refineries must offset CO2

• EV Charging is a clean fuel

• LCFS = significant revenue

• On average - $0.15/kWh

• This is 10x the net revenue from retail sales of kWh

• 100% Renewables = $0.22/kWh

• Time of Use matters

• Clean hours ~ Solar hours

Hour

Q1 LCFS

$/kWh

Q2 LCFS

$/kWh

Q3 LCFS

$/kWh

Q4 LCFS

$/kWh

1 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13

2 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13

3 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13

4 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13

5 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13

6 $0.13 $0.12 $0.13 $0.12

7 $0.12 $0.13 $0.13 $0.11

8 $0.12 $0.18 $0.13 $0.12

9 $0.13 $0.18 $0.13 $0.13

10 $0.15 $0.18 $0.13 $0.13

11 $0.15 $0.15 $0.13 $0.13

12 $0.15 $0.15 $0.12 $0.13

13 $0.15 $0.15 $0.12 $0.13

14 $0.15 $0.15 $0.12 $0.13

15 $0.15 $0.14 $0.11 $0.13

16 $0.15 $0.16 $0.11 $0.12

17 $0.13 $0.15 $0.11 $0.10

18 $0.11 $0.11 $0.10 $0.09

19 $0.10 $0.10 $0.09 $0.09

20 $0.11 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10

21 $0.12 $0.11 $0.11 $0.11

22 $0.13 $0.13 $0.12 $0.11

23 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.12

24 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13

Maximize Revenue & Environmental Benefits During “EV Happy Hour”

Limit line set according to LCFS value (Aug 19)

0

20

40

60

80

Po

we

r (k

W)

0

20

40

60

80

Po

we

r (k

W)

Charging set to maximize 8am–11am “Q2 LCFS “EV Happy Hour” (Aug 15)

Permits 12 rather than 4 hours of parking for those hospital workers incapable of vacating a stall at the end of a charging session.

Longer dwell times and adaptive charging avoids costly electrical infrastructure upgrades in typically constrained parking facilites

Vehicle-2-Grid & Vehicle-2-Building Bidirectional Charging & Discharging

Outstanding Mobility Awardee @ Energy Storage North America, 2018

Exceptional market and regulatory interest with CA’s “Public Safety Power Shutoffs” and seasonal wildfires

Vehicle-2-Grid and Vehicle-2-Building Bi-directional Project Overview

• Goal: Test whether vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is a viable and low cost energy storage resource that can provide services to the grid and home.

• Work with Nissan and Honda to test the bi-directional capabilities of their vehicles• 2 2014 Honda Accord PHEVs with on-board inverter (V2GAC charging)

• 6 2016 Nissan LEAFs (V2GDC Charging)

Transformer Upgrade Deferral

Interconnection Emergency Power Back-UpValue of V2G

Clean Vehicles as an Enabler for a Clean Electricity Grid

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)Jonathan Coignard, Samveg Saxena, Jeffery Greenblatt and Dai Wang

LBNL’s results show that with its EV deployment target and with only one-way charging control of EVs, California can achieve much of the same benefit of its Storage Mandate for mitigating renewable intermittency, but at a small fraction of the cost.

Moreover, EVs provide many times these benefits if two-way charging control becomes widely available.

Thus, EVs support the state’s renewable integration targets while avoiding much of the tremendous capital investment of stationary storage that can instead be applied towards further deployment of clean vehicles.

The Art of the Possible in Vehicle Grid Integration @ UC San Diego

Byron Washom

Director, Strategic Energy Initiatives

bwashom@UCSD.edu