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Essential Biology 3.8 8.2 C4 Photosynthesis Core, AHL, OpC Due Date:Student Name: Candidate Number: 002171-

Blog resource: http://tinyurl.com/4ckten2 Click4Biology: http://tinyurl.com/4ek7thd

Cite all sources using the CSE method (or ISO 690 Numerical in Word). The first example has been done for you. Highlight all objective 1 command terms in yellow and complete these before class. Highlight all objective 2 and 3 command terms in green – these will be part of the discussions in class. After class, go back and review them.

Complete the self-assessment rubric before submitting.

1. Define photosynthesis

The conversion of ________________________ into _______________________ in plants. (1 p. 65)

2. Write a word equation and balanced symbol equation for the process of photosynthesis. Word:

Symbol

3. Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. It can be used directly in respiration, stored as starch or converted to glucose. a. Distinguish between the functions of starch and cellulose.

Starch:

Cellulose:

b. Identify and outline the process of condensation to form a disaccharide.

c. Explain why a plant which is left in the dark for a long period of time will test negative for starch.

Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com/

http://tinyurl.com/4ek7thd

http://tinyurl.com/4ckten2


4. Light from the Sun is composed of a range of wavelengths (colours). a. Outline the properties of these wavelengths of light:

Wavelength (nm) 10-400 400-500 500-650 700-800 0.8-1000µm

Name Ultraviolet Infra-red

Photosynthesis? No No

Visible? No Yes Yes Yes No

Energy Very High Low

Frequency Very High Low

5. State the name of the photosynthetic pigment and its location in green plants. Name: ________________________ Location: ______________________________

6. Distinguish between action and absorption spectra for photosynthesis.

Action:

Absorption:

7. Use the spreadsheet here to produce action spectrum for photosynthesis and absorption spectrum for chlorophyll: https://www.box.net/shared/cs6jvzv8n4

8. In the space below, draw a graph showing the action and absorption spectra for chlorophyll. Annotate the diagram to show why leaves appear green.

Leaves appear green because…



https://www.box.net/shared/cs6jvzv8n4


9. Summarise the two main stages of photosynthesis:

Input Outcome

Light-dependent reactions

Light energy is used to…

Light independent

reactions

10. Define rate, with regard to reactions.

11. Explain how the rate of photosynthesis can be measured directly and indirectly.

Direct Measurement 1 Product:

Explanation:

Direct Measurement 2 Product:

Explanation:

Indirect Measurement Outcome:




Explanation:

12. Outline the effects of the following variables on the rate of photosynthesis.Sketch and annotate a graph for each one.

Light intensity

Note: light intensity is not the same as wavelength or frequency. Light intensity refers to the amount of light of a given wavelength which is available to the plant. Light intensity is high at the equator, in the summer or at midday.

Temperature

Carbon dioxide concentration




8.2/C4 Photosynthesis

13. In the space below, draw and label a diagram of a chloroplast, as seen under a TEM. Include thylakoid membranes and thylakoid spaces, stroma, granum, chloroplast envelope and a scale bar. Annotate the diagram with the function of each component and the way it is adapted to increased efficiency.

14. Photosynthesis consists of two stages: light dependent and light independent reactions.

a. Define photolysis

b. Define photophosphorylation

c. Define carbon fixation

15. Explain what happens to an electron when it is excited by photons of light.




16. Annotate the diagram below to explain the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Include photolysis, photophosphorylation (and chemiosmosis), movement of electrons, generation of a H+ gradient using a proton pump, reduction of NADP+ by ferredoxin.

17. Identify the two products of the light-dependent reactions which are carried through to the light- independent reactions.

o o

18. What is the name of the 5-carbon compound present in the Calvin cycle? o

19. Define carboxylation and decarboxylation.




20. In the space below, draw a diagram to explain the cycle of reactions that occur in the light-independent stages of photosynthesis. Include carboxylation of RuBP to glycerate-3-phosphate by rubisco, reduction to triose phosphate, formation of glucose phosphate and reformation of RuBP.

A limiting factor is the one factor which is in shortest supply or is preventing the rate of a reaction from increasing. If this factor were increased, rate of reaction would increase until another plateau was reached (a different factor is then limiting).

21. Explain how the following factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis of green plants: (give reasons specific to the reactions of photosynthesis)

Factor Which stages of photosynthesis are limited and how?Carbon dioxide concentration Low CO2 means less carbon can be fixed from the atmosphere in the

Calvin cycle. Output of glucose is reduced and RuBP builds up.

Light intensity

Temperature




22. Using the graph below, deduce, with reasons, the most important limiting factor in the rate of photosynthesis of this green plant.

23. Compare photosynthesis and respiration. Take time to think about all the connections – reactions, structures, products and processes.

Cell Respiration Photosynthesis

Similarities

Differences




Works Cited1. IBO. Biology Subject Guide. [Online] 2007. http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/1.html.

2. Allott, Andrew. IB Study Guide: Biology for the IB Diploma. s.l. : Oxford University Press, 2007. 978-0-19-915143-1.

3. Mindorff, D and Allott, A. Biology Course Companion. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2007. 978-099151240.

4. Clegg, CJ. Biology for the IB Diploma. London : Hodder Murray, 2007. 978-0340926529.

5. Campbell N., Reece J., Taylor M., Simon. E. Biology Concepts and Connections. San Fransisco : Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2006. 0-8053-7160-5.

6. Taylor, Stephen. Science Video Resources. [Online] Wordpress, 2010. http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com.

7. Burrell, John. Click4Biology. [Online] 2010. http://click4biology.info/.

Self Assessment:

Essential Biology Assessment

Criterion Complete (2) Partially complete (1) Self MrTPresentation &

Organisation NA Complete and neat. All command terms highlighted, tables and diagrams well presented.

Academic Honesty NA

Sources cited using the CSE (ISO 690 numerical) method, with Works Cited section complete and correct.

Objective 1 understanding

All answers for the following command terms correct:

Most answers for the following command terms correct:

Define Draw Label List Measure State

Objective 2 understanding

All answers for the following command terms correct: Most answers for the following command terms correct:

Annotate Apply Calculate Describe Distinguish Estimate Identify Outline

Objective3understanding

All answers for the following command terms correct: Most answers for the following command terms correct:

Analyse Comment Compare Construct Deduce Derive Design Determine DiscussEvaluate Explain Predict Show Solve Sketch Suggest

Logic, notation, mathematical

workingNA

Answers are presented in a logical and concise manner. SI units used most times, with correct

unit symbols and definitions of terms. All mathematical working shown.

Further research NA

Evidence is apparent of research and reading beyond the textbook and presentations to find correct answers to challenging questions. If any questions are unanswered, this criterion scores

zero.




Total (max 10):



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