Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Carbon in low Metallicity PDRs Markus Rllig 1 V. Ossenkopf 1,3, J. Stutzki 1, A. Sternberg 4, C. Kramer 1, M.Cubick 1, H. Jakob 1, B. Mookerjea 2, R. Simon 1, F. Bensch 5, 1 KOSMA, Universitt zu Kln 2 University of Maryland, USA 3 SRON, Groningen, Netherlands 4 Tel Aviv University, Israel 5 Radioastronomisches Institut der Universitt Bonn IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Introduction PDR a working definition: Photo Dissociation RegionPDR a working definition: Photo Dissociation Region This implies the existence of atomic and molecular gas PLUS the dissociating photonsThis implies the existence of atomic and molecular gas PLUS the dissociating photons Also used: Photon Dominated RegionAlso used: Photon Dominated Region But much broader classification (HII regions, PNe, )But much broader classification (HII regions, PNe, ) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Introduction PDRs occur where far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation ( eV) dominates the physics (e.g. heating and cooling) and determines the chemical composition of the gas.PDRs occur where far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation ( eV) dominates the physics (e.g. heating and cooling) and determines the chemical composition of the gas. IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Introduction C+C+C+C+ C0C0C0C0 CO typical stratification: C + /C/CO, H/H 2, S +,S,SO, center of the cloud edge of the cloud FUV IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Introduction FUV IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code r/R tot 01 IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code r/R tot 01 IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code DR21 in Cygnus X: CO 7-6 & [CI] 3 P P 1Figure: 3m-KOSMA maps of [CI] 2-1 (color) and CO 7-6 (contours) at 42'' HPBW (0.35 pc) (Jakob et al in prep.) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code r/R tot 01 IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code r/R tot 01 IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Introduction Energy Balance Heating/Cooling B fields Shocks IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code Model Name Authors Aikawa H.-H. Lee, E. Herbst, G. Pineau des Forets, J. Le Bourlot, Y. Aikawa, N. Kuboi KOSMA- -2 H. Strzer, B. Kster, M. Zilinsky, U. Leuenhagen, S.Jeyakumar, F. Bensch CLOUDY G.J. Ferland, P. van Hoof, N. P. Abel, G. Shaw COSTAR I. Kamp, F. Bertoldi, G.-J. van Zadelhoff HTBKW D. Hollenbach, A.G.G.M. Tielens, M.G. Burton, M.J. Kaufman, M.G. Wolfire KOSMA- -1 H. Strzer, B. Kster, M. Zilinsky, U. Leuenhagen, S.Jeyakumar, M.Rllig, A.Sternberg Lee96mod H.-H. Lee, E. Herbst, G. Pineau des Forets, E. Roueff, J. Le Bourlot Leiden J. Black, E. van Dishoeck, D. Jansen and B. Jonkheid Meijerink R.Meijerink, M.Spaans Meudon J. Le Bourlot, E. Roueff, F. Le Petit Sternberg A.Sternberg, A.Dalgarno UCL_PDR S. Viti, Wing-Fai Thi, T. Bell IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code spherical symmetryspherical symmetry isotropic FUV fieldisotropic FUV field density profile (4 parameter)density profile (4 parameter) D/G, Z as free parameterD/G, Z as free parameter 20 heating/cooling processes20 heating/cooling processes modular, steady-state, gas-phase chemistry (UMIST95/99/)modular, steady-state, gas-phase chemistry (UMIST95/99/) pre-shielding possiblepre-shielding possible external multi-shell RT code computes emergent line intensities ( CO, 13 CO,CI,CII,OI,)external multi-shell RT code computes emergent line intensities ( CO, 13 CO,CI,CII,OI,) clump-mass & mass-size relations applicableclump-mass & mass-size relations applicable IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code The KOSMA- Code is designed to supply a large parameter grid of pre-calculated model clouds.The KOSMA- Code is designed to supply a large parameter grid of pre-calculated model clouds. results available per web-interfaceresults available per web-interface Standard parameters: D/G, n 0, M, , standard chemistryStandard parameters: D/G, n 0, M, , standard chemistry Extra: , R core, pre-shielding, D, CR, v D, X i, chemical compositionExtra: , R core, pre-shielding, D, CR, v D, X i, chemical composition IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code Solve chemical network destruction formation IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code Solve chemical network destruction formation IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code Solve energy balance Solve chemical network heat cooling destruction formation IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code Solve energy balance Solve chemical network heat cooling destruction formation IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code Solve energy balance Solve chemical network heat cooling destruction formation IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code Solve energy balance heat cooling Solve chemical network destruction formation IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective The KOSMA- Code Radiative Transfer Calculations multi-shell ray-tracing ONION, SimLine, etc. calculates emergent intensities per beam and averaged over the whole clump IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Low Z-PDRs Theory and observations suggest that metallicity Z significantly changes the structure of PDRs : altered Z altered gas-phase chemistryaltered Z altered gas-phase chemistry altered Z less dustaltered Z less dust altered grain surface chemistry (e.g. formation of H 2 ) weaker extinction deeper FUV penetration stronger photo-reactions altered Z altered heating/cooling rates altered T equil.altered Z altered heating/cooling rates altered T equil. dissociation/formation of H 2 and CO change differently with Z standard X CO factors yield incorrect results molecular gas in low-Z systems not well traced by CO.dissociation/formation of H 2 and CO change differently with Z standard X CO factors yield incorrect results molecular gas in low-Z systems not well traced by CO. temperature structure and chemical stratification depend on metallicity IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Low Z PDRs Temperature determined by balancing heating and cooling At the Surface: 4 primary h/c processes: PE heatingPE heating H2 vib. de-excitationH2 vib. de-excitation [CII] 158m fine- structure cooling[CII] 158m fine- structure cooling [OI] 63m fine- structure cooling[OI] 63m fine- structure cooling IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Low Z PDRs n [OI] [CII] PE H 2 * PE ~ZZ 1.5 H 2 * ~Z T~Z 0.5 Z [OI] [CII] PE H 2 * PE ~Z H 2 * ~Z T~const. [OI] [CII] PE H 2 * PE ~Z H 2 * ~Z/(1+2 Z) T~1 /(1+2 Z) [OI] [CII] PE H 2 * PE ~Z 2 H 2 * ~Z T~Z IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Low Z PDRs IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Low Z PDRs IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Low Z PDRs IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Low Z PDRs C + C + + e - C + + H 2 CH 2 + + IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CII]/CO(1-0) Nakagawa et al LMC [CII] IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CII]/CO(1-0) line integrated, clump averaged surface brightness of [CII]158m IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CII]/CO(1-0) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CII]/CO(1-0) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CII]/CO(1-0) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CII]/CO(1-0) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CI] 610m /CO(1-0) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CI] 610m /CO(1-0) Galactic values IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CI] 610m /CO(1-0) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective [CI] 610m /CO(1-0) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW COBE-FIRAS: far-infrared survey of the spectral line emission from the Galaxy with a 7 beam (Fixsen et al. 1999) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW a single, spherical clump scenario is a very special casea single, spherical clump scenario is a very special case usually molecular clouds have a highly irregular, clumpy structure, far from simple plane-parallel or spherical model cloudsusually molecular clouds have a highly irregular, clumpy structure, far from simple plane-parallel or spherical model clouds furthermore, molecular clouds are embedded in atomic gas, also contributing to the total emissionfurthermore, molecular clouds are embedded in atomic gas, also contributing to the total emission IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW observations show an almost universal clump-mass distribution with dN/dM M -1.61.8 and a mass-size relation of M R 2.3observations show an almost universal clump-mass distribution with dN/dM M -1.61.8 and a mass-size relation of M R 2.3 (Kramer et al. 1998) (Kramer et al. 1998) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW MW as disk with R tot =18kpc and h=59pcMW as disk with R tot =18kpc and h=59pc n, , and Z as function of galactocentric radius (Wolfire et al. 2003)n, , and Z as function of galactocentric radius (Wolfire et al. 2003) n(R )=10 4 cm -3, (R )=3n(R )=10 4 cm -3, (R )=3 molecular gas distributed according to C-M and M-S relationmolecular gas distributed according to C-M and M-S relation COBE beam (1 5)COBE beam (1 5) area- and volume filling per concentric ringarea- and volume filling per concentric ring Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC) (Fixsen et al. 1999) IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW =100 =3 IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Summary KOSMA- model, a spherical PDR code featuring isotropic FUV illumination and a highly modular chemistryKOSMA- model, a spherical PDR code featuring isotropic FUV illumination and a highly modular chemistry Z-dependence of the gas temperature in PDRZ-dependence of the gas temperature in PDR Z-dependence of the C + -layerZ-dependence of the C + -layer Influence of geometrical beam filling on the total surface brightnessInfluence of geometrical beam filling on the total surface brightness Observational trend in Galactic and extragalactic [CII]/CO(1-0) with metallicity observations can be explained with spherical PDR model resultsObservational trend in Galactic and extragalactic [CII]/CO(1-0) with metallicity observations can be explained with spherical PDR model results IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Summary The connection between [CI]/CO(1-0) and Z is more complicated, but again the observational trend can be reproducedThe connection between [CI]/CO(1-0) and Z is more complicated, but again the observational trend can be reproduced By applying C-M spectra and M-S relations to the KOSMA- database it is possible to analyze large surveys, i.e. observations with large beam filling application to a simple MW-model in order to explain COBE results as PDR emission ([CII] can only be explained partly)By applying C-M spectra and M-S relations to the KOSMA- database it is possible to analyze large surveys, i.e. observations with large beam filling application to a simple MW-model in order to explain COBE results as PDR emission ([CII] can only be explained partly) Clump-ensemble approach suitable for any single position observation, face-on galaxy scan, etc. with considerable beam filling.Clump-ensemble approach suitable for any single position observation, face-on galaxy scan, etc. with considerable beam filling. IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Thank you for your attention! IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective Modeling the MW IntroductionIntroduction The KOSMA- CodeThe KOSMA- Code Low Z PDRsLow Z PDRs [CII]/CO(1-0)[CII]/CO(1-0) [CI]/CO(1-0)[CI]/CO(1-0) Clumpy PDRsClumpy PDRs Modeling the MWModeling the MW SummarySummary Onsala Workshop in Extragalactic and Galactic ISM - Modelling in an ALMA Perspective C+C+ C CO Z=1Z=0.5Z=0.1