workshop language proficiency requirements implementation
DESCRIPTION
WORKSHOP LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION. REGULATORY ISSUES ON TESTING. Eleonora Italia Enac Personnel Licensing Director. 3 - 5 March 2010 Rome - Italy. ICAO ANNEX 1. 1.2.9 LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WORKSHOP
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATIONLANGUAGE PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION
3 - 5 March 2010Rome - Italy
REGULATORY ISSUES ON REGULATORY ISSUES ON TESTINGTESTING
Eleonora ItaliaEnac Personnel Licensing Director
1.2.9 LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
Refers to pilots and flight navigators, ATCOs and aeronautical station operators
“Shall demonstrate the ability to speak and understand the language used for radiotelephony communications”
TO THE LEVEL SPECIFIED IN THE LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS IN:
ICAO ANNEX 1
- ICAO ANNEX 1 APPENDIX 1
- ICAO doc. 9835
- ICAO Circular 318-AN/180
To meet the language proficiency requirements contained in section 1.2.9 an applicant shall demonstrate
compliance with
the holistic descriptors at section 2 and
the ICAO Operational level of the ICAO rating scale
As a whole, the scale serves as benchmarks for training and testing, and in assisting candidates to attain the ICAO operational level
ICAO ANNEX 1 APPENDIX 1
in a manner acceptable to the licensing authority
ACCEPTABLE TO THE AUTHORITY
WHICH ARE THE KEY CONCEPTS TO FOCUS ON FOR CONSIDERING THE DEMONSTRATION OF
PROFICIENCY
THE STATE AVIATION AUTHORITIES MAINTAIN OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITIES
ACCEPTABLE ?
To fulfil ICAO provisions requiring that pilots and controllers demonstrate language proficiency sufficient for SAFE and EFFICIENT radiotelephony communications
To provide BENCHMARKS by which the EFFECTIVENESS of language training and learning may be evaluated
LANGUAGE TESTING IN AVIATION HAS HIGH STAKES BECAUSE CAREERS LANGUAGE TESTING IN AVIATION HAS HIGH STAKES BECAUSE CAREERS AND SAFETY ARE AT STAKEAND SAFETY ARE AT STAKE
Proficiency test evaluate OVERALL ability against a set of criteria⇒
AVIATION LANGUAGE TESTING
DOC. 9835 CHAPTER 6
PURPOSES OF TESTING:
TESTS PURPOSE:
1. Provides RELIABLE and VALID results
2. Are VALID – RELIABLE – EFFECTIVE – APPROPRIATE- PRACTICABLE
VALID: indicates the degree to which a test measures what is supposed to measure
RELIABLE: refers to the stability of the test, in terms of standard of evaluation and rating
PRACTICABLE: signifies the balance between resources required and resources available
AVIATION LANGUAGE TESTING
influence of testing on teaching and learning
POSITIVE WASHBACK the test encourages learners and ⇒trainers to focus on PROFICIENT-BUILDING LANGUAGE
learning activities, to improve proficiency level,
and NOT
to focus on the easier way to get a higher score
TEST WASHBACK
ICAO CIRCULAR 318-AN/180
HIGH QUALITY TESTING WILL ENCOURAGE HIGH QUALITY TRAINING !!!
⇒ A TESTING SERVICE THAT CAN CONTINUALLY PROVIDE NEW TEST ITEMS
⇒ THAT CAN TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION DIFFERENT SCENARIOUS (AB INITIO PILOS AND ATCOs, PPL, PROFESSIONAL PILOTS AND ATCOs,
HELICOPTER PILOTS, AEROPLANE PILOTS)
AND
⇒ A LARGE NUMBER OF RATERS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES IS REQUIRED (6.6.1)
⇒ A TESTING SERVICE THAT CAN CONTINUALLY ASSURE SECURITY AND QUALITY CONTROL
TESTING SERVICES RATHER THAN “A TEST” ARE
REQUIRED
TEST PREPARED WITH THE INPUT OF PROFESSIONAL TEST DEVELOPERS
WRITING TEST SPECIFICATIONS
DECIDING TEST METHOD AND CONTENT
DEVELOPING TEST ITEMS TRIALLING TEST ITEMS
ANALYSING THE RESULTS
REVISING TEST ITEMS
RE-TRIALLING THE TEST AND TEST ITEMS
VALIDATING THE TEST
ESTABLISHING A RATING PROCEDURE
ESTABLISHING A RATER TRAINING PROCESS AND A QUALITY CONTROL PROCESS
ESTABLISHING RECORD KEEPING ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
BEST PRACTICE FOR LANGUAGE TESTING IN AVIATION (6.5.4)
RATERS AT LEAST TWO
- TRAINED, QUALIFIED, EXPERIENCED
- ABLE TO IDENTIFY DEFICIENCIES IN PERFORMANCE
-ABLE TO GUIDE CANDIDATES TOWARDS LANGUAGE LEARNING ACTIVITIES
- INSPIRE TRUST AND GAIN THE CONFIDENCE OF BOTH THE COMMUNITY AND CANDIDATES
-AGREE UPON STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES
-COMMIT THE BEST PRACTICE (CODE OF ETHICS)
↓
THEN, THE RATING SCALE IS USED TO MAKE INFORMED JUDGEMENTS ABOUT CANDIDATES
BEST PRACTICE FOR LANGUAGE TESTING IN AVIATION
STANDARDIZED AND TRAINED RATERS
Initial and recurrent training documented – rater training records maintained – audit conducted and documented periodically
CAN ONLY GUARANTEE THE VALIDITY AND THE RELIABILITY OF THE TEST
DIRECT
Candidate interacts with a tester directly or with other candidates while being observed by a tester.
Requires more time and human resources
Benefits: more natural, communicative
because of the interaction there is an infinite supply of tests prompts
SEMI-DIRECT
Speech samples are elicited based on pre-recorded prompts
Inflexibility
Benefits: test takers receive the same prompts
less time (more candidates tested at the same time)
Appropriate strategy: incorporate both direct and semi direct methods in a single testing system
PROFICIENCY TESTS
HOWEVER
AUDIO AND VIDEO RECORDING
OF THE TEST PERFORMANCE IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED FOR
VERIFICATION AND RECORD-KEEPING PURPOSES
IT ALSO HELPS IN APPEALS PROCEDURES, WHICH HAVE TO BE ESTABLISHED
TEST ADMINISTRATION
CIRCULAR 318-AN/180
TO PUBLISH A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF THE TEST
DOCUMENTED TEST RATING PROCESS AVAILABLE
DOCUMENTED INSTRUCTIONS TO TEST TAKERS, TEST ADMINISTRATION TEAMS, TEST RATERS AVAILABLE
TEST ADMINISTRATION POLICIES AND PROCEDURE AVAILABLE
DOCUMENTED APPEALS PROCEDURE ESTABLISHED
TEST SECURITY
ENFORCE SECURITY MEASURES TO ENSURE THE INTEGRITY OF THE TESTING PROCESS
TEST MATERIAL HELD IN CONFIDENCE AND WELL STORED, NOT PUBLISHED OR PROVIDED TO TEST TAKERS BEFORE THE TEST
RECORD-KEEPING
AUDIO AND/OR VIDEO RECORDING
EVALUATION SHEETS AND SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
SCORE-REPORTING PROCESS
HOW ENAC ENFORCED LPR KEY CONCEPTS AND REQUIREMENTS
ONE TEST FOR PILOTS AND ONE TEST FOR ATCOs standardisation and uniformity of evaluation needBOTH DIRECT AND SEMI-DIRECT METHODS IN THE TEST
EXAMINERS AND TEST ADMINISTRATORS APPLY TO ENAC
EXAMINERS CERTIFIED AFTER SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETING 20 HOURS ON SELF STUDYING, OVERSIGHT BY DISTANCE AND TWO DAYS OF STANDARDISATION AND CERTIFICATION SESSION HELD BY THE TEST DEVELOPER AND ENAC 46 ACTIVE EXAMINERS⇒
TEST ADMINISTRATORS BRIEFED AND TRAINED ON TEST ADMINISTRATION, SECURITY PROCEDURES AND RECORD-KEEPING
TEST CENTRES REQUIREMENTS EVALUATED BY ENAC, CERTIFIED BY THE TEST DEVELOPER ⇒ 39 TEST CENTRES CERTIFIED
THE LIST OF THE TEST CENTRES PUBLISHED ON ENAC WEB SITE
HOW ENAC ENFORCED LPR KEY CONCEPTS AND REQUIREMENTS
TEST CENTRES AUDITED BY ENAC
TWO RATERS
RESULTS CONFIRMED AFTER THE SECOND RATE
TEST RESULT ENDORSED BY ENAC ON THE PILOT’S LICENCE: “language proficiency : ENGLISH Level ….. EXP. …… date of the test + 3 years (Lv. 4) date of the test + 6 years (Lv. 5) ITALIAN Level 6
DATA BASE WITH TEST RESULTS AVAILABLE TO ALL ENAC AIRPORT OFFICERS
IN CASE OF DEMONSTRATION OF PROFICIENCY BELOW LEVEL 4: “restricted to VFR domestic activity, other than public transportation”
Any Any questions?questions?