workshop on apa style morning session ii
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Workshop on APA Style Morning Session II. WSU College of Nursing October 24, 2008 Ellen Barton Linguistics/English WSU Director of Composition. Overview -- Topics. writing process top-down and bottom-up top-down – genres and outlines - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleMorning Session IIMorning Session II
WSU College of NursingWSU College of NursingOctober 24, 2008October 24, 2008
Ellen BartonEllen BartonLinguistics/EnglishLinguistics/English
WSU Director of CompositionWSU Director of Composition
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Overview -- TopicsOverview -- Topics
writing processwriting process top-down and bottom-uptop-down and bottom-up
top-down – genres and outlinestop-down – genres and outlines bottom-up – language (paragraphs bottom-up – language (paragraphs
and sentences) and formatand sentences) and format draftsdrafts
11stst draft – finding info/outlining draft – finding info/outlining 22ndnd draft – organizing/APA headings draft – organizing/APA headings 33rdrd draft – editing and formatting draft – editing and formatting
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Genres and SectionsGenres and Sections
IMRD definitionsIMRD definitions (APA, 2001, p. 7) (APA, 2001, p. 7) I – development of the problem under I – development of the problem under
investigation and statement of the investigation and statement of the purpose of the investigationpurpose of the investigation backgroundbackground claim (thesis)claim (thesis)
M – description of the method used to M – description of the method used to conduct the investigationconduct the investigation
R – report of the resultsR – report of the results D – interpretation and implications of D – interpretation and implications of
the resultsthe results
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Method -- OutlineMethod -- Outline
Method SectionMethod Section (APA, 2001, pp. 17-20)(APA, 2001, pp. 17-20)
MethodMethod SiteSite Participants and SampleParticipants and Sample ProcedureProcedure
Data collection.Data collection. Data analysis.Data analysis.
APA HeadingsAPA Headings (APA, 2001, pp. 111-115, pp. 289-290)(APA, 2001, pp. 111-115, pp. 289-290)
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Method -- AnalysisMethod -- Analysis
Method -- qualitative study Method -- qualitative study (Aldridge and (Aldridge and Barton, 2007)Barton, 2007) levels and topics of headingslevels and topics of headings data collection – qualitative studydata collection – qualitative study
participantsparticipants sample and limitationssample and limitations
data analysis – discourse analysisdata analysis – discourse analysis introduction, steps, sample analysis introduction, steps, sample analysis
(Figure 1, Figure 2)(Figure 1, Figure 2) Method – quantitative study Method – quantitative study (Thomas, 2008) (Thomas, 2008)
(handout)(handout)
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Method -- ExerciseMethod -- Exercise
MethodMethod on the Basic APA Style Outline, outline on the Basic APA Style Outline, outline
the subsections/headings you expect to the subsections/headings you expect to be in your Method section, using APA be in your Method section, using APA stylestyle
in Procedure, what will you include in in Procedure, what will you include in data collection? in data analysis?data collection? in data analysis? outline key phrasesoutline key phrases
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Results – OutlineResults – Outline
Results section Results section (APA, 2001, pp. 20-26)(APA, 2001, pp. 20-26)
ResultsResults data and analysisdata and analysis
data tables – report datadata tables – report data graphical figures – represent graphical figures – represent
relationshipsrelationships statistical analysis (for quantitative)statistical analysis (for quantitative) interpretive analysis (for qualitative)interpretive analysis (for qualitative)
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Results – AnalysisResults – Analysis
Results Results (Aldridge & Barton, 2007)(Aldridge & Barton, 2007) overview and “roadmap ¶”overview and “roadmap ¶”
ResultsResults References to Negative OutcomesReferences to Negative Outcomes
examples and Table 1examples and Table 1 Possible Treatment OptionsPossible Treatment Options
examples and Table 2examples and Table 2 Summary SectionsSummary Sections
examples and Table 3examples and Table 3
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Results -- TemplatesResults -- Templates
overviewoverview – use parallel structure to – use parallel structure to introduce major findings/headingsintroduce major findings/headings
This difference can be seen across three This difference can be seen across three features, including (a), (b), (c)features, including (a), (b), (c) … …
datadata -- tell reader what to look for -- tell reader what to look for as shown in Table 2,as shown in Table 2,
figuresfigures -- explain relationships -- explain relationships To give a sense of the structure and content To give a sense of the structure and content
of Phase 2 in EOL discussions, two coded of Phase 2 in EOL discussions, two coded excerpts are presented in Figures 1 and 2.excerpts are presented in Figures 1 and 2. (example from Method)(example from Method)
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion
Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion combine data, data analysis, and combine data, data analysis, and
discussion w/in category/headingdiscussion w/in category/heading qualitative study – analysis and qualitative study – analysis and
discussion of RQs/themesdiscussion of RQs/themes quantitative study – analysis and quantitative study – analysis and
discussion of hypothesesdiscussion of hypotheses usually followed by a Conclusion sectionusually followed by a Conclusion section
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Results -- ExerciseResults -- Exercise
ResultsResults on the Basic APA Style Outline, outline a on the Basic APA Style Outline, outline a
“roadmap ¶” for what you expect to be “roadmap ¶” for what you expect to be your major findingsyour major findings
outline the categories of findings (use outline the categories of findings (use parallel structure for major finding (a), (b), parallel structure for major finding (a), (b), (c), …)(c), …)
outline the subsections of your Results outline the subsections of your Results section, using APA headingssection, using APA headings
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Discussion – OutlineDiscussion – Outline
Discussion sectionDiscussion section (APA, 2001, pp. 26-27)(APA, 2001, pp. 26-27)
A. summary w/ r. to original purpose/ A. summary w/ r. to original purpose/ RQs/hypothesesRQs/hypotheses
B. similarities and differences in terms B. similarities and differences in terms of the research literatureof the research literature
C. examine, interpret, and qualify C. examine, interpret, and qualify resultsresults
theoretical consequencestheoretical consequences implicationsimplications limitations (here or in Conclusion)limitations (here or in Conclusion) importance (here or in Conclusion)importance (here or in Conclusion)
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Discussion -- AnalysisDiscussion -- Analysis
Discussion Discussion (Aldridge & Barton, 2007)(Aldridge & Barton, 2007) summary of major finding(s)summary of major finding(s) interpretation of major finding(s)interpretation of major finding(s)
““accumulation of negative evidence”accumulation of negative evidence” implication of major findingimplication of major finding
““appropriate discourse strategy”appropriate discourse strategy” qualification of major findingqualification of major finding
issue of “treatment imperative”issue of “treatment imperative”
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Discussion -- ExerciseDiscussion -- Exercise
DiscussionDiscussion on the Basic APA Style Outline, outline a on the Basic APA Style Outline, outline a
summary of what you expect to be your summary of what you expect to be your major finding(s)major finding(s)
(look back at your Purpose statement!)(look back at your Purpose statement!)
outline an interpretation of the major outline an interpretation of the major finding(s)finding(s)
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Conclusion -- OutlineConclusion -- Outline
Conclusion section Conclusion section A. limitationsA. limitations
method, analysis, generalizationmethod, analysis, generalization B. importanceB. importance
relation of research findings to larger relation of research findings to larger issuesissues
applications of research findingsapplications of research findings e.g., clinical applicationse.g., clinical applications
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Conclusion -- AnalysisConclusion -- Analysis
Conclusion Conclusion (Aldridge & Barton, 2007)(Aldridge & Barton, 2007)
limitationslimitations data -- single communicative eventdata -- single communicative event analysis -- medical uncertaintyanalysis -- medical uncertainty generalization -- small samplegeneralization -- small sample
importanceimportance first study in terms of outcomesfirst study in terms of outcomes clinical application – ethical discourse clinical application – ethical discourse
strategy for EOL discussionsstrategy for EOL discussions
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Conclusion -- ExerciseConclusion -- Exercise
ConclusionConclusion on the Basic APA Style Outline, outline on the Basic APA Style Outline, outline
2-3 limitation sentences:2-3 limitation sentences: The first limitation of this research is . . . The first limitation of this research is . . .
outline a concluding sentence indicating outline a concluding sentence indicating the importance of your research:the importance of your research:
The importance of this research is . . . The importance of this research is . . .
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Abstract -- OutlineAbstract -- Outline
IMRD Abstract IMRD Abstract (120 words)(120 words) A. research problemA. research problem B. participantsB. participants C. methodC. method D. major findingsD. major findings E. conclusions, implications, applicationsE. conclusions, implications, applications write the abstract last! write the abstract last! (APA, 2001, pp. 12-15)(APA, 2001, pp. 12-15)
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Abstract -- OutlineAbstract -- Outline
Lit Review AbstractLit Review Abstract (120 words)(120 words)
A. topic A. topic (problem)(problem) B. purpose (thesis) B. purpose (thesis) C. organization, scope C. organization, scope (comprehensive, (comprehensive,
selected)selected) and sources and sources D. conclusions D. conclusions (major points in critical (major points in critical
perspective)perspective) write the abstract last! write the abstract last! (APA, 2001, pp. 12-15)(APA, 2001, pp. 12-15)
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Writing in APA StyleWriting in APA Style
planning and 1planning and 1stst draft draft make a basic APA style outline make a basic APA style outline (handout)(handout)
IntroductionIntroduction – problem, literature gap, purpose – problem, literature gap, purpose (terms, claim/thesis)(terms, claim/thesis)
Background – Background – literature reviewliterature review categoriescategories
Method – Method – site, participants, proceduresite, participants, procedure data collectiondata collection data analysisdata analysis
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Writing in APA StyleWriting in APA Style
ResultsResults – – overview, major findingsoverview, major findings data (tables?)data (tables?) data analysis (figures?)data analysis (figures?)
DiscussionDiscussion – – summary, literature, summary, literature, interpretation, implicationsinterpretation, implications
ConclusionConclusion – – limitations, importance, limitations, importance, applicationsapplications
then, write the 1then, write the 1stst draft! draft!
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Writing in APA StyleWriting in APA Style
revising to 2revising to 2ndnd draft draft organize paper into APA headingsorganize paper into APA headings organize materials w/in sections/ organize materials w/in sections/
headings and paragraphs (¶s)headings and paragraphs (¶s) note: specific assignmentsnote: specific assignments
convert assignment into outlineconvert assignment into outline outline and write 1outline and write 1stst draft draft revise to 2revise to 2ndnd draft draft
focus on thesis statement! focus on thesis statement!
BartonBarton Workshop on APA StyleWorkshop on APA StyleWSU College of NursingWSU College of Nursing
Writing in APA StyleWriting in APA Style
READREAD read journal articles in your programread journal articles in your program
absorb APA style in useabsorb APA style in use use primary sources (journal articles) for use primary sources (journal articles) for
your researchyour research WRITEWRITE
plan time to write multiple draftsplan time to write multiple drafts 11stst draft –outline and write draft –outline and write 22ndnd draft – revise w/in APA headings draft – revise w/in APA headings