workshop on cdm methodologies and technical issues associated with power generation and power saving...
TRANSCRIPT
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Workshop on CDM Methodologies Workshop on CDM Methodologies and Technical Issues Associated with and Technical Issues Associated with Power Generation and Power Saving Power Generation and Power Saving
Project ActivitiesProject Activities
Review of approved and proposed energy efficiency projects and methodologies and identification of gaps
World Bank, Carbon Fund
Pedro Maldonado
Programa de Estudios e Investigaciones en Energía
Universidad de Chile
Montreal, December 3rd, 2005
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Approval process status of Approval process status of CDM EE projectsCDM EE projects
Status of EE CDM projects Meth
EE CDM projects/ Total projects
Approved 4/25 Under revision 4/43 Not approved 15/56
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Energy Efficiency: a valid Energy Efficiency: a valid option for CDM projects?option for CDM projects?
Insufficient EE methodologies submitted
Not approved EE methodologies exceed their relative importance in connection with the methodologies submitted
Are PP submitting EE Meth less rigorously than those submitting energy renewable projects?
Exists any bias against the EE projects affecting the methodologies reviews?
Is it more complex to develop Baseline and Monitoring methodologies in the case of EE CDM projects?
The CDM philosophy from the very beginning was to make easy the technological transference through joint venture. EE is one of the best ways of accelerate the technological transfer.
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Not approved CDM EE Not approved CDM EE projectsprojects
Type of projects
DSM in the Commerce Sector EE improvements in the Industrial
Process EE improvements in the Electric Power
System EE retrofitting of District Heating EE programs (electric motors) Power factor improvement in a water
utility
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Justification for not Justification for not approval of EE CDM approval of EE CDM
projects’ methodologiesprojects’ methodologies Reasons for non-approval of proposed
methodologies applicable to any type of CDM projects
Reasons for non-approval of proposed methodologies in the case of EE CDM projects
Insufficiently developed BL methodologies
Insufficiently developed monitoring methodologies
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General reasons for non-General reasons for non-approvalapproval
The information used to assess project additionality should be in the public domain
Monitoring Methodology is inconsistent with the proposed Baseline Methodology
It is not clear that the baseline scenario is a conservative one.
In the process of BL determination it should be shown how the subsidized fuel prices are addressed
Scope of the Meth is too broad, involving the DOE in methodological tasks
Barriers are not adequately identified or the way in which CDM projects will trigger the overcoming of barriers
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Specific reasons for non-Specific reasons for non-approval of EE CDM project approval of EE CDM project
MethodologiesMethodologies Baseline Methodology
On the one hand, PP usually proposes only one BL scenario, which is normally the keeping of facility operation, which also shows deteriorating performance. On the other hand, if several BL scenarios are identified, the Meth doesn’t specify how the BL scenario has been chosen
A service increase is not adequately considered in the BL scenario. Similarly, the project might increase production or displace production in other facilities
Projects related to generation or energy transport could be affected by autonomous DSM measures, but usually DSM is ignored in scenarios development
In some cases it is needed measurements and estimation of dozens of mass and heat flow variables, which is extremely complex
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Specific reason for non-Specific reason for non-approval of EE CDM project approval of EE CDM project
MethodologiesMethodologies Baseline Methodology
Uncertainties are not always adequately considered, which is particularly central when EE improvements are reduced
In cases like the electric motors program, the methodology doesn’t address properly the variable load. It should be considered different sub groups assuming different operating hours, loads, remaining life and baseline efficiency. Sample definitions
Usually no free riders are considered
When the product mix change, specific energy consumption need to be adjusted, normally the Meth ignores this adjustment
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Specific reason for non-Specific reason for non-approval of EE CDM project approval of EE CDM project
MethodologiesMethodologies Baseline Methodology
In the case of District Heating CDM project activities, it should be noted that: a) individual heating devices impact is insufficiently considered neither in the BL nor in the project scenario, b) the same goes for insulation standards affecting new buildings, c) BL should consider the demand increase due to the replacement of individual heating devices by DH.
Default efficiency values are not a conservative approach, measurements is suggested specially in the case of boilers
Additionality assessment is not sufficiently covered. Investment barriers and not-common-practices are insufficiently justified
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Specific reason for non-Specific reason for non-approval of EE CDM project approval of EE CDM project
MethodologiesMethodologies Monitoring Methodology
It is not always clear how key parameters should be collected and monitored, even, some key data is missing in the Meth
QA/QC procedures need to be strengthened
Leakage is ignored. This is unacceptable if the low efficiency equipment is transferred to another activity
The data items to be monitored should be adequately linked with their use in the calculation of the ER
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CDM EE project activities CDM EE project activities optionsoptions
Improved efficiency of Electrical Power System
Improved District Heating System
Demand-Side energy efficiency programs for specific technologies (lamps, ballasts, motors, refrigerators)
Demand-Side energy efficiency in the industrial and mining sectors
Energy Efficiency Standards for new state-subsidized dwellings
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Energy Efficient MotorsEnergy Efficient Motors : a key : a key program-based CDM project program-based CDM project
activitiesactivities
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6×10 1
MOT (x+1) = × × econ × penPROJP ×0.746 LoadF × NMED
xx+1
E x+1 -E
hours
x-2000
Mot = NUM × econ × pen × fMot nx+1 2000 x+1obs years
The energy-efficient motors: an The energy-efficient motors: an interesting option for a CDM interesting option for a CDM
programprogram New projects or expansion of existing
installations
Replacement of existing motors about out of order
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Energy Savings estimation at year Energy Savings estimation at year 2010 (GWh/year)2010 (GWh/year)
Motors Argentina Brasil Chile Paraguay Uruguay
1-5 HP 348,8 1.309,9 292,8 18,6 24,5
5,1-20 HP 195,1 715,0 161,7 10,4 13,7
21-50 HP 281,0 1.014,8 230,9 15,0 19,8
51-125 HP 554,5 1.985,3 455,1 29,6 39,0
> a 125 HP 447,8 1.961,8 530,3 23,9 31,5
Total 1.827,2 6.986,7 1.670,9 97,6 128,4
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Some examples of Some examples of Demand-Side energy Demand-Side energy
efficiency in the efficiency in the industrial and mining industrial and mining
sectorssectors Energy intensity reduction in the Chilean copper industry
Use of frequency converters in underground mining ventilation
EE improvement through operation control at the concentration area
EE improvement in flotation cells
Replacement of motors with inefficient performance and subject to a high probability of flaw
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GLOBAL UNITARY CONSUMPTION OF THE CHILEAN COPPER MINING SECTOR 1992-2000
0,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
MJ/
ton
ne
fin
e co
pp
er
0,000
0,500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
kto
nn
e fi
ne
cop
per
Electricity Fuels Total Energy Copper Production
Evolution of energy intensity in the Chilean copper industry
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Operation control at the Operation control at the concentration areaconcentration area
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Power consumption versus air flow
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Multi pole motors for flotation cellsMulti pole motors for flotation cells
600 RPM
Efficient motorReduced flawsReduced noiseSavings around 10%
100 RPM
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ChagresChuquicamata
CaletonesPotrerillos
Ventanas
Paipote
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ConclusionsConclusions The CDM philosophy, from the very beginning,
was to make easy the technology transfer through joint venture. EE projects fill up properly with this requirement in a wider scope of activities
There is a lot of EE opportunities to be developed as CDM project activities, conducting to GHG emissions reduction and technology transfer
In order to implement those opportunities it is possible to ask ourself if:
The PDD and Methodology forms could be more friendly designed?
Is there any bias against EE projects suspicious of having financially attractive options?
Could the PP develop more proper Baseline and Monitoring Methodologies?
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Conclusions (2)Conclusions (2)
EE CDM projects should be based mostly on homogeneous and simple to monitor technologies
So, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive summary of information available and for centralized recommendations aiming to minimize the rejection of CDM EE projects.