Workshop on Census Cartography and Management for ESCAP15 – 19 October 2007

Bangkok, Thailand

HOUSING CENSUS DATA

&

DISASTER MITIGATION

ASPECTS IN INDIA

Dr. B. B. JAIN, Ph.D.

Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner New Delhi, India

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS : FACTS & FIGURES

STATES: 35 (28 States and 7 Union territories)

DISTRICTS: 593

SUBDISTRICTS: 5,463

TOWNS: 5,161

C D BLOCKS: 6,404

VILLAGES: 6.39 Lakh (44,856 Uninhabited)

AREA :3.28 Million Sq.Kms

2.4 % of World Surface Area.

16.9 % of World Population.

Administrative Setup INDIA (Country)

States (35)

Districts (593)

Sub-district (5,463)

Village (0.6 million)

Ward

Town (5161)

C D Block (6,406)

Disaster effects in India

SEISMIC ZONES IN INDIA Zone V : Covers the areas liable to seismic

intensity IX and above on Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. This is the most severe seismic zone and is referred here as Very High Damage Risk Zone.

Zone IV : Gives the area liable to MM VIII. This, zone is second in severity to zone V. This is referred here as High Damage Risk Zone.

Zone III: The associated intensity is MM VII. This is termed here as Moderate Damage Risk Zone.

Zone II: The probable intensity is MM VI. This zone is referred to as Low Damage Risk Zone.

Zone I: Here the maximum intensity is estimated as MM V or less. This zone is termed here as Very Low Damage Risk Zone.

Indian Subcontinent is one of the world’s most disaster prone areas

1.Earthquake:54% area vulnerable to EarthquakesOne million houses damaged annually + human,social,other losses12%of land is liable to severe earthquake MSK IX18%land is liable to MSK VIII25%land liable to MSK VII

2.Floods:12% area of the country is prone to floods which means 40 million Hectares land area

are prone to floods and annually on an average 8 million is affected

3.Wind and Cyclone Hazards:8% of land prone to cyclones affect by both the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.

4.Land Slides:Areas of Himalayas, North-eastern Region and Western Ghats prone of land slides.

5.Drought:68% of the country is prone to drought in varying degrees.

NATURAL DISASTERS : EFFECT IN INDIA

NATURAL DISASTERS : EFFECT IN INDIA

Indian Census – Brief background

o First synchronous census held in 1881

o Census 2001 was the 14th in this uninterrupted series

o Adopted extended de-facto method (or enumerating persons normally residing in the household during the enumeration period)

o Census held in two phases:House-listing Operations …(April to June 2000)

Population Enumeration …(9th to 28th February 2001)

Indian Census – Brief background

o Unit of enumeration in Census is the Enumeration Block (EB) allotted to an Enumerator

o Curved out on the basis of population size, an EB comprises of about 120 – 150 households or about 500 to 750 persons

o 2 million Enumerators were deployed for 2001 Census. Mostly primary school teachers.

The final results of the House listing Operations 2001 were

released in April, 2003 which provided valuable information on the

housing stock, amenities and assets available to the household.

House-listing data is available in ‘Tables on Houses,

Household Amenities and Assets by India and States’.

This data is also available in hard copy and electronic

format for India and all the States/Union territories at district, sub-

district and town level.

The House-listing data is immensely useful to the

Disaster Managers, Policy makers, Planners, Administrators

to improve the quality of life in vulnerable areas.

Population: 1,028,737,436

Males: 532,223,090 (51.7 %)

Rural Males: 381,668,992 (37.1 %); Urban Males: 150,554,098 (14.6 %)

Females: 496,514,346 (48.3 %)

Rural Females: 360,948,755 (35.1 %); Urban Females: 135,565,591 (13.2 %)

Child Population (age 0–6years): 163,819,614 (15.9 % of total population)

Male Children : 84,999,203 (8.3 % of total population)

Female Children : 78,820,411 (7.7 % of total population)

Literate Persons: 560,687,797 (64.8 %)

Literate Males: 336,533,716 (75.3 %)

Literate Females: 224,154,081 (53.7 %)

HOUSING CENSUS DATA in Tables, INDIA,2001

H-2 Distribution of census houses used as residence and residence-cum-other use by their condition

H-2 Appendix Distribution of households by the condition of census houses occupied by them

H-3A Distribution of census houses by predominant material of roof

H-3B Distribution of census houses by predominant material of wall

H-3C Distribution of census houses by predominant material of floor

H-3A Appendix Distribution of households living in census houses by predominant material of roof

H-3B Appendix Distribution of households living in census houses by predominant material of wall

H-3C Appendix Distribution of households living in census houses by predominant material of floor

H-11 Distribution of households by availability of separate kitchen and type of fuel used for cooking

H-12 Distribution of households by source and location of drinking water and availability of electricity and latrine

H-12 A (E) Distribution of households classified by source and location of drinking water and availability of electricity and latrine

H-12 B (E) Households and distribution of 1000 population by availability of electricity and toilet facilities and ownership status of house occupied

H-4 Distribution of census houses used as residence and residence-cum-other use by their type of structure

H-4 Appendix Distribution of households by type of census houses occupied

H-5 Distribution of households by size and number of dwelling rooms

H-6 Distribution of households by ownership status of the census houses occupied by them and number of dwelling rooms

H-6A (E) Distribution of households by ownership status of census houses, size of the household and number of dwelling rooms

H-7 Distribution of households by number of married couples in a household and number of dwelling rooms, total number of married couples and number of married couples having independent sleeping rooms

H-7A (E) Distribution of married couples and married couples having independent sleeping room by number of dwelling rooms available to the households in which they live and by number of married couples

H-8 Distribution of households by source of drinking water and its location

H-9 Distribution of households by source of lighting

H-10 Distribution of households by availability of bathroom & type of latrine within the house and type of drainage connectivity for waste water outlet

H-11 Distribution of households by availability of separate kitchen and type of fuel used for cooking

. H-12 Distribution of households by source and location of drinking water and availability of electricity and latrine

H-12 A (E) Distribution of households classified by source and location of drinking water and availability of electricity and latrine

. H-13 Number of households availing banking services and number of households having each of the specified asset

Population Density (District Level) : INDIA, 2001

Condition of Census Houses

Number (in

million)

Percentage

Total Households 187 100.0

Good 94 50.3

Livable 83 44.5

Dilapidated 10 5.2

Condition of Census Houses : India 2001

Material of Roof

(India 2001)

Households (in

million)

Percentage

No. of Households 192 100.0

Concrete 38 19.8

Tiles 63 32.6

Grass, thatch,bamboo, wood, mud, etc. 42 21.9

Others 49 25.7

Material Used in Houses : Roof

Material Used in Houses: WallsMaterial of Walls

(India 2001)

Households (in million)

Percentage

No. of Households 192 100.0

Burnt Brick 84 43.7

Mud, Unburnt Brick 62 32.2

Grass, thatch, bamboo, Wood, etc. 21 10.2

Others 25 13.9

Material Used in Houses: FloorsMaterial of Floors

(India 2001)

Households

(in million)

Percentage

No. of Households 192 100.0

Mosaic, Floor tiles 14 7.3

Cement 51 26.5

Mud 110 57.1

Others 17 9.1

Dwelling

(India 2001)

Households (in Millions)

Percentage

Total Households 192 100.0

No exclusive Room 6 3.1

One Room 74 38.5

Two Room 58 30.0

Three Room 27 14.3

More than three Rooms 27 14.1

Dwelling Rooms in Houses: 2001

Distance/Type Households (in million)

Percentage

Total Households 192 100.0

Within Premises 75 39.0

Near Premises 85 44.3

Away 32 16.7

Hand pump/Tube-well 79 41.2

Tap 70 36.7

Well 35 18.2

Other 8 3.9

Source of Drinking Water: India

Source of Lighting: India 2001Lighting Households

(in million)Percentage

Total Households 191.9 100.0

Electricity 107.2 55.8

Kerosene 83.1 43.3

Others 1.0 0.9

No Lighting 0.6 -

Availability of bathroom, latrine & Kitchen : India

India (2001) Households (in million)

Percentage

Bathroom available within the house

69 36.1

Latrine available within the house

70 36.4

Kitchen available within the house

123 64.0

Fuel used for Cooking: India 2001Fuel Households

(in million)Percentage

Total Households 192 100.0

Fire-wood 101 52.5

LPG 34 17.5

Crop residue 19 10.0

Cow dung Cake 19 9.8

Assets Available: India 2001Assets Households

(in million)Percentage

Radio, Transistor 67.4 35.1

Television 60.6 31.6

Telephone 17.5 9.1

Bicycle 83.8 43.7

Scooter, motorcycle, moped 22.5 11.5

Car, Jeep, Van 4.8 2.5

None of the above assets 66.2 34.5

Availing banking services 68.2 35.5

Mapping Exercises:Aims to provide a pictorial base to the planning

process especially to the semi literate population .

Social Mapping: Location of habitat, natural topography, number of

pucca (burnt bricks) and kuchha (mud etc.) houses, Other common infrastructures(eg. Safe Shelter worship place,health centre, play ground etc.

Resource Mapping: Locally available resources and assets for use during

disasters.

1.SOCIAL MAPPING

• LOCATION OF THE HABITAT WITH RESPECT TO NATURAL TOPOGRAPHY

• NUMBER of PUCCA and KACCHA HOUSES

2. RESOURSE MAPPING

3.VULNERABILITY MAPPING

Household Wise Vulnerable Groups

Vulnerable Houses And Defunct Infrastructure

Low Lying Areas Prone To Floods

Landslide Prone Areas

Location Of Hazardous Industries/Electrical Installations/ Tall Weak Structures – Buildings ,etc.

Narrow Roads

4.SAFE AND ALTERNATE ROUTE MAPPING

MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE(NCMC)

NATIONAL& STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

IMD , CWC, DOS,(NRSA)

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE

Housing Census Data & Maps

of

Tamil Nadu State in India(Tsunami Effected)

RELIEF AND DRAINAGE, TAMIL NADU

Tsunami effected Areas: Tamil Nadu (India)

P0PULATION DISTRIBUTION, 2001 TAMIL NADU

HOUSING PROFILE :TAMIL NADU (India)

CENSUS HOUSES AND THE USES TO WHICH THEY ARE PUT

Houses Total (%)

Rural (%)

Urban(%)

No. of Census Houses

16,996,604 (100.0)

9,724,711 (57.2)

7,271,893 (42.8)

Vacant Census Houses

1,050,624 (6.2 )

606,205 (6.2)

444,419 (6.1)

Occupied Census Houses

15,945,980 (93.8)

9,118,506 (93.8)

6,827,474 (93.9)

Material of Roof: Total (%) Rural (%) Urban (%)

Total 1 4,173,626 (100) 8,274,790 (100) 5 ,898,836 (100)

Grass Thatch, Bamboo, Wood, Mud, etc.

3,744,853 (26.4) 2,934,271(35.5) 810,582 (13.7)

Plastic, Polythene 31,990 (0.2) 18,890 (0.2) 13,100 (0.2)

Tiles 5,365,397 (37.9) 3,336,304 (40.3) 2,029,093 (34.4)

Slate 17,218 (0.1) 8,663 (0.1) 8,555 (0.1)

G.I., Metal, Asbestos sheets 466,334 (3.3) 201,638 (2.4) 264,696 (4.5)

Brick 270,913 (1.9) 127,821 (1.5) 143,092 (2.4)

Stone 26,681 (0.2) 12,160 (0.1) 14,521 (0.2)

Concrete 4,205,460 (29.7) 1,613,546 (19.5) 2,591,914 (43.9)

Any other material 44,780 (0.3) 21,497 (0.3) 23,283 (0.4)

Tamil Nadu (India)HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF

URBAN HOUSEHOLDS BY DWELLING ROOMS TAMIL NADU,2001

ASSETS AVAILABLE IN RURAL AREAS TAMIL NADU,2001

SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER IN RURAL AREAS TAML NADU,2001

SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER URBAN AREAS. TAML NADU,2001

RECOMMENDATIONSThe maps of relief, contours, physiography, geological structure and housing conditions, material used in houses are digitized separately into polygon coverages using PC Arc/Info. Census data on housing are shown on map using Arc GIS software.

Helpful in identifying the comparative position of housing stock prone to disaster.

Therefore, by querying this spatial database and the user requirements the planners and developers can select the sites which are ideal for their intended purpose.

An overlay of the disaster prone area map and the human settlements and infrastructure map can be used to identify the endangered human settlements for taking early actions to assure the safety of them.

Once the sites/areas are selected with the guidance of these disaster prone maps, it is always advisable to carry out a location specific investigation to assess the risk on the intended purpose since these maps are based on the census data.

These maps also identify the safe areas on the basis of housing data and the areas which can be utilized with corrective measures.

These housing data based spatial maps (GIS) can play a major roll in taking safety measures by local administration/departments in the country.

Well Organized Management

often passes disasters

……Thanks