workshop on new developments in rights-based fisheries management: community fishing rights
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Workshop on New Developments in Rights-based Fisheries Management: Community Fishing Rights. Center for Fisheries & Aquaculture Management & Economics University of Southern Denmark – Esbjerg 29 – 30 August 2005. Community-based Fisheries Management Successes & Failures. Rebecca Metzner - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Workshop on New Developments in
Rights-based Fisheries Management:Community Fishing Rights
Workshop on New Developments in
Rights-based Fisheries Management:Community Fishing Rights
Center for Fisheries & Aquaculture Management & Economics
University of Southern Denmark – Esbjerg
29 – 30 August 2005
Rebecca MetznerFishery Analyst
Fishery Policy & Planning DivisionFAO, Rome, Italy
Community-basedFisheries Management
Successes & Failures
Community-basedFisheries Management
Successes & Failures
Outline
• The Topic: CBFM
• Framework for Analysis
• Examples
• Assessment
• Closing remarks
The Topic:Community-based Fisheries Management
CBFM: Responsibility & Authority
Community-b
ased
Management
Community-centere
d
Co-management
Co-management
Government-b
ased
Management
The Topic
Authorit
arian
Management
Community Government
CBFM: Degrees of Participation
Collectiv
e
Management
Co-management
The Topic
Authorit
arian
Management
Participatory Non-participatory
The Framework Analyzing CBFM
Elements of Analysis
• Purpose / Objectives / Issues• Means
– path– people
• Mechanics– rules– regulations– vehicles
• Outcome(s)
The Framework
Analyzing CBFM
• Purpose / Objectives / Issues• Means
– path– people
• Mechanics– rules– regulations– vehicles
• Outcome(s)
The Framework
Is it FM?
Are there FRs?
Is it CB?
Do FRs help?
Analyzing CBFM
• Is it community-based?– Who?
– How defined?
– How involved?
The Framework
IntegratingCB & FM Analyzing CBFM
• Is it fisheries management?– who goes fishing– where and when– for how much– of what fish– how– and why?
The Framework Analyzing CBFM
• Are there fishing rights (FR)?– communal or other– formal or informal– historical or new
Examples of CBFM
Some Examples of CBFM
Thailand
The Gambia
The Amazon
Uruguay
Chile
Philippines
Laos
FijiVanuatu
Samoa
CBFMExamples Southeast Asia
ThailandPhilippines
Lao PDR
CBFMExamples Thailand: Phang Nga Bay
CBFMExamples Thailand: Phang Nga Bay
Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Is it CB?
• External inspiration• Community action
Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Is there FM?
• Yes
Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Are there FRs?
• Emerging– not individual– community-based
CBFMExamples Lao PDR
CBFMExamples Lao PDR
CBFMExamples Lao PDR: Kong District
• 1993 LCFDPP• 1997 ECCDSW• Voluntary FCZ projects
Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Is it CB?
• External inspiration• Village-based
– design– implementation– enforcement
Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Is there FM?
• Where• When• What• How• Why? / Why them?
Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Are there FRs?
• Implicit• Village-based responsibility for
FCZs
CBFMExamples Philippines
CBFMExamples Philippines
Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Is it CB?
• Externally provided model(s)• External inspiration• Community-based action
Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Is there FM?
• External rules• FM rules increasingly
– community-based– implemented– enforced
Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Are there FRs?
• Empowerment• Weak rights
CBFMExamples Oceania: Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu
CBFMExamples Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu
Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Is it CB?
• Yes– Samoa: extension inspired– Fiji, Vanuatu: historical
Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Is there FM?
• Where• How• Who
Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Are there FRs?
• Yes– traditional– customary marine tenure
CBFMExamples Latin America
CBFMExamples Chile
Analyzing CBFM Chile: Is it CB?
• Community-based• Co-management
Analyzing CBFM Chile: Is there FM?
• Who• Where• When• How much• What
Analyzing CBFM Chile: Are there FRs?
• Weak FRs
CBFMExamples Uruguay
Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Is it CB?
• Collaborative management
Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Is there FM?
• 4 phases– extremely weak– extreme– controlled– weak
Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Are there FRs?
• Briefly
CBFMExamples Brazil
CBFMExamples Brazil
• Lower Amazon floodplain in the Santarém region
• Roots– rising conflicts– political changes
Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Is it CB?
• de facto CB arrangements• institutional Co-management
– floodplain communities– Fishers’ Unions– Regional Fisheries Councils– IBAMA– international funding agencies– environmental organizations
Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Is there FM?
• Fishing Accords– Acordos de Pesca– portaria complementar
• Open Access• Regulations
Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Are there FRs?
• Fishing Accords–Acordos de Pesca–portaria complementar
• No explicit fishing rights
CBFMExamples Africa
CBFMExamples The Gambia
CBFMExamples The Gambia
• Objectives:– increase income,
consumption, employment, socioeconomic conditions
• Mechanics:– construction of CFCs– establishment of various
management groups
Analyzing CBFM The Gambia: Is it CB?
• Community Fisheries Centers• Fisheries Center Management
Committees
Analyzing CBFM The Gambia : Is there FM?
• Not by the CFCs• Not by the FCMCs
Analyzing CBFM The Gambia : Are there FRs?
• Not in the context of the CFCs or the FCMCs– primarily open access fisheries
Summarizing: Is it CBFM? Is it CBFM?
&
Are there FRs?
Analyzing CBFM Is it Community-based?
Fishery CB?Y CM N
Thailand √√
Lao PDR √√ √√
Philippines √√
Samoa √√ √√
Fiji √√
Vanuatu √√
Chile √√ √√
Uruguay √√
Brazil √√
The Gambia √√ √√
Analyzing CBFM Is there Fisheries Management?
Fishery FM?Y+ Y N
Thailand √√
Lao PDR √√
Philippines √√ √√
Samoa √√ √√
Fiji √√
Vanuatu √√
Chile √√ √√
Uruguay √√
Brazil √√
The Gambia √√
Analyzing CBFM Are there Fishing Rights?
Fishery FRs?Y M N
Thailand ((√√))
Lao PDR √√
Philippines √√
Samoa √√ √√
Fiji √√
Vanuatu √√
Chile √√ √√
Uruguay √√ √√
Brazil ((√√)) √√
The Gambia √√
Closing RemarksCB, FM, and FRs
Closing RemarksCB, FM, and FRs Does CBM Work?
• It depends.
Closing RemarksCB, FM, and FRs Do FRs help?
• It depends.
Closing RemarksCB, FM, and FRs How do FRs help?
• Responsibility assigned
• Allocation / Sharing clarified
• Credit / fiscal assets created
• Compliance encouraged
Stewardship inspired
Understanding the developments in
rights-based fisheries management
of the past and the present ...
... so we can do better at Sharing the Fish.
www.fishallocation.com