workshop report (pdf, 4.9 mb, en)
TRANSCRIPT
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WORKSHOP
Mini-grids: Opportunities for Rural Development in Africa
Arusha, Tanzania
5 September 2013
Workshop Report
Content
Workshop Summary ........................................................................................................... 5�
Annex 1 – Workshop Agenda ........................................................................................... 21�
Annex 2 – Participant List ................................................................................................ 23�
Annex 3 – Presentations and Case Studies .................................................................... 26�
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Workshop Organization
Inviting Organisation:
EU Energy Initiative
Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI PDF)
PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn Germany
http://www.euei-pdf.org
Contact:
Niklas Hayek
T +49 61 96 79-4101
Event Organisation:
WIP Renewable Energies
Sylvensteinstr. 2
81369 Munich
Germany
www.wip-munich.de
Contact:
Dominik Rutz, Rainer Janssen, Cosette Khawaja, Rita Mergner
+49-8972012(739/743/740/731)
The presentations held at this workshop are available at the website: http://www.euei-pdf.org/dialogue-events/recp-workshop-on-mini-grids
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Workshop background
Today, the African continent faces urgent energy challenges that have a direct impact on
utilising its full potential for development. Contemporary energy challenges comprise the
widespread existence of isolated, expensive, highly-subsidised fossil-fuel based mini-grids
on the continent, very low grid connection rates, the often low levels of electricity demand
from households, the high costs associated with grid extension, the lack of reliable,
centralised generation capacity and increasing levels of densification as a result of on-going
urbanisation. In this context, renewable energy- and hybrid-based mini-grids both provide a
practical and efficient energy access solution to Africa’s pressing energy challenges given
the continent’s abundance of renewable energy resources. The use of renewable energy
technologies can also yield significant fossil fuel savings as well as increased price stability
through the hybridisation of existing systems.
A ‘mini-grid’ is an isolated, low-voltage distribution grid, providing electricity to a community –
typically a village or very small town. It is normally supplied by one source of electricity, e.g.
diesel generators, a solar PV installation, a micro-hydro station etc., or a combination of the
above.
Renewable and hybrid energy mini-grids hold significant potential for the African energy
sector for increasing energy access and by enabling the increased use of renewable energy
on the continent with its benefits for local employment and economic development. Mini-
grids provide technically and increasingly economically viable and modern energy solutions
in off-grid areas, and the hybridization of existing fossil-fuel based mini-grids can result in
substantial savings – not only for consumers, but also for governments and parastatal
utilities.
This workshop is an initiative of the Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation Programme
(RECP), the Rural Energy Agency (REA) Tanzania, and the European Union Energy
Initiative - Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI PDF) on the occasion of the Workshop ‘Low
cost on-grid electrification technologies’ in Arusha, 3-4 May 2013.
The RECP forms part of the Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP), which is a long-term
framework for structured political dialogue and cooperation between Africa and the EU on
energy issues of strategic importance, reflecting African and European needs. The RECP
was established to accelerate the use of the vast potential for renewable energy in Africa,
meet future energy needs and increase access to modern and sustainable energy services
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on the continent. The RECP Start-up Phase is implemented jointly by the EUEI PDF and the
Agence Française de Développement (AFD).
Workshop aims
Main workshop aims included:
- Share knowledge and experience on mini-grid technologies for applications in Africa
- Discuss critical success factors for mini-grid implementation in Africa
- Discuss recommendations and tools to improve the policy and regulatory framework
for mini-grids
- Share knowledge and experience on best practice mini-grid applications
- Elaborate successful project development processes and operation models for mini-
grids
The target group of this workshop comprised:
- Senior decision-makers in public authorities engaged in energy sector planning
- Senior technical staff and energy sector practitioners in public authorities (ministries,
regulators, rural electrification agencies, energy utilities)
- Energy advisors, energy regulators, electrification engineers, and officials from
relevant standards authorities
- Private sectorproject developers
- Local renewable energy business associations
- Civil society groups
- International and local NGOs
- Development partners
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Workshop Summary
Opening remarks
The Workshop on Opportunities for Rural Development in Africa was officially opened by
Gissima Nyamo-Hanga, Rural Energy Agency in Tanzania. He honoured the presence of
Representatives from the Ministry of Energy and Minerals of the United Republic of
Tanzania, Michael Franz and Niklas Hayek from the EUEI PDF, representatives from the
World Bank, the Norwegian Embassy and Norad in Tanzania, as well as representatives
from the AEI and representatives from the Tanzania Renewable Energy Association
(TAREA). The presence of Prof. Franesco Iliceto, Prof. Emeritus from La Sapienza
University Italy, Prof. Izael Pereira Da Silva from Strathmore University, and Mark Hankins
from Africa Solar Energy Designs Nairobi was highly appreciated.
Gissima Nyamo-Hanga, Rural Energy Agency of Tanzania
Gissima Nyamo-Hanga commenced that the Government of Tanzania already recognized
the importance of the energy sector in overall national development programmes. Its
Electricity Act of 2008 opened up the electricity markets in the country allowing private sector
participation in provision of energy services to its citizens. The Energy Policy of 2003 which
is currently under review encourages the increased use of renewable energy in the total
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national energy mix. In Tanzania, the success of the National Development Vision 2025, the
Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NGSRP), the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) and other national development strategies and priorities rely also on the success of
the energy sector.
However, as Gissima Nyamo-Hanga pointed out, despite all the efforts made by the
Government of Tanzania to improve the domestic energy situation, the overall electricity
access for both urban and rural populations is still extremely low. This holds true for many
other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa as well where low electrification rates often do not
match rapid population expansion. The overall electrification rate in Tanzania is 21%,
whereas the electrification rate in rural areas is only 7%. This rate is a very small especially
when one considers that almost 75% of our population lives in rural areas and that the
economy relies heavily on the agricultural activities undertaken by this segment of the
population.
The REA of Tanzania aims at promoting and facilitating increased access to modern energy
services for people living in rural areas by providing grants, subsidies, capacity building and
training, information and technical assistance to public and private rural energy
entrepreneurs and project developers. REA seeks to provide support to develop lacking
renewable energy, geothermal, biofuel and biomass energy policies. This workshop shall
define the role that energy can play in bringing about enhanced economic and social
development for rural areas in Africa. The key message is to determine variables that are
responsible for bringing development in rural areas and see how energy intervention
programmes proposed by African countries can moderate and modify those variables for the
purpose of accelerating the pace of rural development.
Gissima Nyamo-Hanga finalised his opening speech by mentioning that mini-grids have
potentials to supply electricity to many un-electrified rural villages and small towns in Sub-
Saharan Africa. What is still lacking is to find turnkey solutions against barriers, such as
financing, awareness raising, supportive policy frameworks, technical skills and knowledge.
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Keynote Speech: Mini-grids – An overview
The keynote presentation of the workshop was presented by Prof. Izael Pereira Da Silva
from Strathmore University. Prof. Da Silva provided an overview on the development
progress of mini-gridsin Kenya.
Kenya’s power supply consists of the national interconnected system and several mini-grids
serving areas located far from the national grid system. Registered national peak demand is
1,334 MW. The national electrification rate has reached only 30%, and is expected to rise to
65% by 2022. Currently, there are 14 existing off-grid diesel power stations. Hydro-power is
a non-reliable source in Kenya due to its dependence on the variable precipitation index.
Geothermal energy, co-generation and wind are all sources which need to be further
developed in Kenya.
Prof. Izael Pereira Da Silva, Strathmore University, Kenya
In 2003, the Government of Kenya embarked on an ambitious sector development plan and
institutional reform, particularly in the field of rural electrification and the promotion of use of
renewable energy. These first attempts have led to the rapid expansion of grid supply to
rural areas, supply of electricity to public institutions, introduction of renewable energy mini-
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grids and setting up of new mini-grids. Currently, there are ten working mini-grids in Kenya
and the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) is constructing additional 15 mini-grid stations.
44 new mini-grid stations are planned.
Prof. Da Silva concluded that despite immense social, economic and environmental benefits
which stem from green mini-grids, there is a lack of available investments. In addition, a
supportive policy framework plays an important role for the development of mini-grids in the
country.
Welcome by the organizer
Michael Franz, EUEI-PDF, warmly welcomed all participants of the workshop and
commended the speakers for contributing with their knowledge to this workshop.
He introduced the EUEI PDF as an instrument of the EU Energy Initiative, initiated in 2005
by EU Member States and the European Commission. The EUEI PDF is hosted by the
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). The main objectives of the
EUEI PDF are to improve the policy and regulatory environment for private investments as
well as to enhance the institutional and thematic capacities for effective partner structures.
Michael Franz, EUEI PDF
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Michael Franz further introduced the RECP that was launched in 2010 at the First High-
Level Meeting of the Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP). In 2012, the RECP Strategy
2020 was adopted which presents an innovative way forward for an accelerated use of
renewable energy in Africa.
The Mini-grid Policy Toolkit is a joint initiative of REN21, Alliance for Rural Electrification
(ARE) and EUEI PDF under the RECP. The overall objective is present essential information
about mini-grid applicability and requirements as well as to provide hands-on
recommendations and tools for policymakers in terms of mini-grid policy and regulatory
frameworks. The toolkit is planned to be launched in October 2013.
Expert presentations
Mark Hankins, African Solar Designs, Kenya, presented the Mini-grid Policy Toolkit.
According to Mark Hankins, green mini-grids can stimulate rural productivity and renewable
energy development. However, green mini-grid options have struggled to expand beyond
pilot projects and are off-track to make a meaningful contribution to sustainable energy. This
is due to the following barriers: policy does not readily consider mini-grids; mini-grids are not
profitable in absence of a conducive regulatory environment; and lack of experience with
mini-grids deters policy makers and investors.
Mark Hankins, African Solar Designs, Kenya
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Therefore, the goal of the Mini-grids Policy Toolkit is to increase the awareness of mini-grids
potential among targeted practitioner and policy-making stakeholders, to present lessons
learned and to provide recommendations for senior policy-makers and advisors.
Mr. Hankins presented different technologies for mini-grids: diesel mini-grids, hydro mini-
grids, biomass fired mini-grids, AC-coupled inverter mini-grids. He emphasized that there is
a need to link available technologies, business models and policy and regulatory
frameworks.
There is no ‘best’ mini-grid business model, as it depends a lot on the context. The following
mini-grid business models were presented: private sector (anchor load, free market and with
regulatory framework), utility lead mini-grids, community lead mini-grids and hybrid mini-
grids (e.g. public-private partnerships).
Suitable mini-grids policies, according to Mr. Hankins, should set-up the ‘Rules of the Road’
for mini-grid implementation, ensure the Public Good, instil confidence as well as provide
incentives and support instruments for project development. The regulatory environment for
mini-grids business models should be defined in different phases of policy development:
strategic level (national strategy), legislation level (act of Parliament) and implementation
level (specific regulations, incentives). In addition, general regulations (technical standards,
licences etc.) are necessary.
Based on experiences of an introduced example from Senegal, it is crucial to gain
government commitment to electrify rural areas, put in place an attractive and secure
regulatory environment, and thus win acceptance of mini-grids model and ensure support for
private sector led approach.
Simbarashe E. Mangwengwende, Economic Consulting Associates, Zimbabwe,
presented a topic on Regulations for mini-grids in the SADC region.
The SADC mini-grids project aims at developing mini-grid policy and regulatory tools to
facilitate increased electricity access and investment in renewable energy in the SADC
Region. The project is supported by the EUEI PDF under the RECP, together with the SADC
Secretariat. Mr. Mangwengwende defined a mini-grid in more detail as a small-scale
distribution network that can operate as an isolated system or with clearly defined physical
and electrical boundaries when connected to the main grid. Mini-grids are classified as
following: very small scale projects (no tariff regulation; <1 MW), small scale projects (light
handed regulation; <10 MW) and large projects (standard regulation; >10 MW).
He further indicated that stimulating the regulatory framework is important to attract
investments for mini-grids. Focus areas for the recommended policy and regulatory options
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are: role clarity and transparency, knowledge of market needs and demand, technology
choice and technical regulation as well as ownership funding and economic regulation.
Simbarashe E. Mangwengwende, Economic Consulting Associates, Zimbabwe
Mr. Mangwengwende stressed the need for mini-grid customers to have safe, reliable and
secure electricity rather than feed-in tariffs. Policy makers should be guided by the following
framework to attract investment for mini-grids: planning and development process guidelines
(sets out steps that policy makers should follow to guide project developers), guidelines for
assessing market needs and demand (guides policy makers to assess the extent to which
mini-grids can fulfil energy demand), technology choice and technical regulation (principles
for regulation of mini-grids and solutions for technical operation of mini-grids), ownership,
funding and economic regulation (recommended arrangements).
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Round Table 1: Policy Roundtable
Policy and regulatory aspects for mini-grid applications
Roundtable Panellists:
Prof. Izael da Silva, Strathmore University, Kenya
Simbarashe E. Mangwengwende, Independent Consultant, Zimbabwe
Benon Bena, Rural Electrification Agency, Uganda
Mark Hankins, African Solar Designs, Kenya.
Moderation:
Michael Franz, EUEI PDF
Roundtable discussion
Based on the experiences of the several speakers, policy frameworks are a critical factor for
the success of mini-grid implementation in Africa. The aim of the Policy Roundtable was to
exchange ideas on different mini-grid models from a regulatory point of view. The following
observations and recommendations were defined during the discussion.
Observations
- Mini-grids include several benefits for the end-user: health, safety, and economic
aspects.
- The technologies are available - the core challenges are sound business models and
regulatory frameworks responding to the needs of business models and thus creating
an attractive and enabling environment.
- The technology is mature, but costs are often high, especially for mini-grids.
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- There is no best practice business model for mini-grids as the model has to be
adapted to local conditions and needs.
- The policy framework requires strong commitment and continuous build-up.
- The question of grid connection needs to be resolved in order to avoid uncertainty on
the investor or project promoter side.
- Public agencies can and should implement capacity development.
- Information needs to be spread also to ministries and other relevant government
authorities.
Recommendations
- Different business models for mini-grids should be allowed and the right regulation for
each model needs to be put in place.
- Roles of the actors involved in mini-grid development must be clearly defined.
- Cultural differences need to be considered for project implementation.
- Projects are only feasible if the connected people (from communities) are willing to
pay for electricity.
- The main focus shall be placed on the electricity supply for commercial activities
(productive use).
- ‘Localisation’ is important (local equipment, simplicity, funding, capacity).
- Information on natural resources is needed in order to help to define and evaluate
projects.
- Standards for safety and quality are necessary.
- The regulatory framework needs to provide clear and fair rules for future grid
connection of mini-grids.
- Focus on the electricity supply for commercial activities (productive use) as ‘anchor
customers’ can greatly improve economic viability.
- Regulation should be as simple and ‘light handed’ as possible.
- Community participation is important in order to ensure sustainability of mini-grid
projects.
- Projects should be ‘income generating’ and profitable.
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Leonard Pesambili, TATEDO, Tanzania, presented Small-scale mini-grids powered by
Jatropha.
Leonard Pesambili, TATEDO, Tanzania
Mr. Pesambili indicated that supportive policies and guidelines from authorities such as the
Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM), the Rural Energy Agency (REA) and Energy and
Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA) are available. Tanzania is a unique country in
having a history of diesel generators and hydro mini-grids involving governments, religious
missionaries such as the Roman Catholic Church (RCC), NGOs (e.g. TATEDO), and local
cooperatives. There are many on-going efforts to connect mini-grids to the national grid
system within 10 -15 years which could be powered by solar PV, thermal plants, mini-hydro,
internal combustion engines powered by Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) and fossil diesel
systems.
Lessons learned in pilot projects led to the development of a programme supported by the
EU and Hivos (Scaling up Access to Integrated Modern Energy Services for Poverty
Reduction in Tanzania). Criteria for selecting the project site should include, as Mr.
Pesambili specified, accessibility, existence of rural towns away from the grid, energy needs,
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willingness and ability to pay of the community. At present about 16 out of 50 Multifunctional
Platforms (MFPs) have been installed and are operational. More than 400 households have
been connected to the mini-grids powered by MFPs (partly fuelled by Jatropha oil and
diesel). About 200 business centres in rural communities are powered by electricity from
MFPs. MFPs provide services such as agro-processing dehusking, milling or pressing
seeds for oil production, battery charging and mini-grids.
TATEDO has gained significant experiences in developing mini-grids and related, supportive
institutional frameworks. Lessons learned from projects include: established institutional
frameworks at local level should be supportive; acceptability of MFP concept; opportunities
to replicate in other areas; local pricing of electricity services is crucial; need of strengthening
capacity in order to construct mini-grids. Mr. Pesambili concluded that mini-grids have the
potential to address rural communities’ electricity needs and contribute to rural economic
growth. For that to happen, partnerships among actors in mini-grid initiatives and
management are essential.
Dan Klinck, SOGEMR, Rwanda, presented Mini-grids powered by mini-hydro plants in
Rwanda.
The Musarara mini-hydro power plant was introduced as a case study. The installed capacity
of the power plant is 438 kW. The construction took 5 years due to delays in funding.
Lessons learned from the project include: private plants perform better than public plants
(including community-run plants); grid-connected plants are easier to become viable and
sustainable than isolated ones; and conducive regulatory frameworks lead to greater private
sector contributions to both power supply and distribution.
Dan Klinck highlighted Rwanda’s friendly environment to micro-hydro and mini-grids
projects. It has a strong regulatory framework as well as strong private sector interest. Over
20 existing micro-hydro plants in Rwanda will be privatized. In addition, off-grid connections
are planned for 52% of the total households in Rwanda (mainly solar PV and hydro power).
He continued that in order to speed up the development of mini-grids in Africa, it is important
to have a greater dialogue between private and public sectors and learn from success
stories in other countries such as China, Vietnam or Nepal. In addition, it is important to
implement private-led projects as they are more financially feasible. Finally, success stories
should be replicated and disseminated to different stakeholders.
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Dan Klinck, SOGEMR, Rwanda
Success factors for developing a micro-hydro or mini-hydro power project include a
financially viable business plan and a robust technical plan. It is important that the policy
environment is supportive for and favourable to such projects. Plant ownership
arrangements and technical and management skills are also one of the key factors for a
successful project.
Wiebke Krüger, Juwi, Germany, introduced Success factors for mini-grid project
development.
Different off-grid power solutions using solar systems were introduced: solar fuel saver, solar
pumping, energy containers, hybrid solar systems etc. The technical design has to follow the
local demand and the given resources at the specific site. The operator has to have a long-
term interest and should be involved in the planning phase in order to understand technical
issues.
According to Ms. Krüger, mini-grids project development is aimed either at own consumption
of energy or energy production as business and investment object. Success factors are
willingness and contribution to projects at community level (application for electrification,
committees, land); energy audit and energy efficiency measures; knowledge base for
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renewable energy resources (wind map, hydro); and streamlining of information. In addition,
a well elaborated business plan with lucrative returns of investment is crucial for the project
success.
Wiebke Krüger, JUWI, Germany
Debajit Palit, TERI, India, introduced Lessons learned on mini-grids projects in India.
Policies for mini-grids in India were developed over 2001-2009. In 2001, the Rural Electricity
Supply Technology Mission (REST Mission) acknowledged the role mini-grids can play in
rural development. The National Electricity Act followed in 2003 which defined universal
service obligation for electricity production by both central and state governments. In 2005,
the Rural Electrification Policy was issued and since then decentralized distributed
generation has to be considered where grid extension is not feasible. The 2009 National
Solar Mission defined the goal of 1,000 MW installed capacity by 2017 and 2,000 MW by
2022 for off-grid capacity.
In India mini-grids are mostly cooperative models meaning that the community is involved
from the planning stage. There are around 5,000 villages covered through multiple
technology mini-grids. In India, mini-grids are electricity distribution networks operating
typically below 11 kW.
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Technically, mini-grids have been preferred in many cases for remote areas over other
options. Organisationally, managing mini-grids is easier compared to individual systems due
to their centralised operation through a proper institutional arrangement.
Debajit Palit, TERI, India
Round Table 2: Project Development Roundtable
Challenges and solutions for mini-grid implementation in Africa
Roundtable Panellists:
Leonard Pesambili, TATEDO, Tanzania
Gissima Nyamo-Hanga, Rural Energy Agency (REA), Tanzania
Dan Klinck, SOGEMR, Rwanda
Debajit Palit, TERI, India
Wiebke Krüger, Juwi, Germany.
Moderation:
Dominik Rutz, WIP Renewable Energies, Germany
Niklas Hayek, EUEI PDF
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Roundtable discussion
The aim of the Project Development Roundtable was to discuss the factors that are crucial
for successful implementation of mini-grid projects. The following factors were discussed:
identification of a suitable project, planning of operation model, financing issues, as well as
construction and operation.
Observations
- ‘Failures’ in terms of past mini-grids are not failures in a narrow sense because they
are the foundation of successful mini-grid solutions in the future.
- Electrification does not automatically imply rural development; energy is one part of
the puzzle.
- The interests of other stakeholders, including the preferences of politicians, need to
be considered.
- Missing elements in the value chains are problematic, in particular with a view to
spare parts. Thus value chains need to be localized where possible.
- Financial support is still needed in order to attract project developers along with
suitable legal and regulatory framework conditions as well as a good investment
climate.
Recommendations
- Project development is a highly localized business and needs to have strong local
structures and partners.
- Community involvement is crucial for the sustainability of the project, with regards to
maintenance, but also ownership and willingness to pay and protect the investment.
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- Project operation and management must be considered from the beginning of the
project.
- Project developers can be provided with technical support by authorities or partners,
through staff or consultants.
- Especially small mini-grids with standardized and highly simplified technical design
and equipment can greatly help in terms of maintenance and reliability.
- Community involvement can also include maintenance, which should be done at
different and standardized levels of complexity and skills.
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Annex 1 – Workshop Agenda
Thursday, 5 September 2013
8:30 Registration�
9:00 Welcome and opening remarks: Policies on rural electrification in Tanzania
GISSIMA NYAMO-HANGA, RURAL ENERGY AGENCY, TANZANIA�
CHAIR: NIKLAS HAYEK, EUEI PDF, GERMANY�
9:15 Keynote presentation: Mini-grids – An overview
IZAEL DA SILVA, STRATHMORE UNIVERSITY, KENYA �
9:30 Welcome by the organiser
MICHAEL FRANZ, EUEI PDF, BELGIUM�
09:45 The mini-grid policy toolkit
MARK HANKINS, AFRICAN SOLAR DESIGNS, KENYA�
10:45 Coffee break�
11:00 Regulation for mini-grids in the SADC Region
SIMBARASHE E. MANGWENGWENDE, INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT, SIMBABWE�
CHAIR: MICHAEL FRANZ, EUEI PDF, BELGIUM�
11:20 Policy Roundtable
Policy and regulatory aspects for mini-grid applications
PANELLISTS:
- IZAEL DA SILVA, STRATHMORE UNIVERSITY, KENYA
- SIMBARASHE E. MANGWENGWENDE, INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT, ZIMBABWE
- BENON BENA, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AGENCY, UGANDA
- MARK HANKINS, AFRICAN SOLAR DESIGNS, KENYA�
13:00 Lunch break�
14:00 Small-scale mini-grids powered by Jatropha
LEONARD PESAMBILI, TATEDO, TANZANIA�
CHAIR: DOMINIK RUTZ, WIP
RENEWABLE ENERGIES, GERMANY�
14:15 Mini-grids powered by mini-hydro plants in Rwanda
DAN KLINCK, SOGEMR, RWANDA �
14:30 Success factors for mini-grid project development
WIEBKE KRÜGER, JUWI, GERMANY�
14:45 Lessons learned on mini-grid projects in India
DEBAJIT PALIT, TERI, INDIA�
15:00 Coffee break��
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15:15 Project Development Roundtable
Challenges and solutions for mini-grid implementation in Africa
PANELLISTS:
- LEONARD PESAMBILI, TATEDO, TANZANIA
- GISSIMA NYAMO-HANGA, RURAL ENERGY AGENCY, TANZANIA (TBC)
- DAN KLINCK, SOGEMR, RWANDA
- DEBAJIT PALIT, TERI, INDIA
- WIEBKE KRÜGER, JUWI, GERMANY��
CHAIRS: DOMINIK RUTZ, WIP
RENEWABLE ENERGIES, GERMANY
NIKLAS HAYEK, EUEI PDF, GERMANY�
17:00 Summary and conclusions of the workshop
GISSIMA NYAMO-HANGA, RURAL ENERGY AGENCY, TANZANIA
MICHAEL FRANZ, EUEI PDF, GERMANY�
17:15 Closure of the Workshop� �
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23
Annex 2 – Participant List
No. Last name First name Country Organisation
1. Abdulaziz Aisha Kenya KEREA
2. Adam Tim Germany TAREA
3. Assenga Felister Donald Tanzania Davis & Shirtliff co. Ltd
4. Bakkabulindi Geofrey Uganda Makenene University
5. Bassini Laura Tanzania Istituto-Oikos
6. Bena Benon Uganda Rural Electrification Agency
7. Black Ian Kenya KSB pumps and valves
8. Byempaka Turyahabwe
Elsam Kenya EAC
9. Cogan Davinia USA GVEP International
10. Curtis Telia Tanzania EGG-energy Tanzania Limited
11. da Silva Izael Kenya Strathmore University
12. Dawson Eliguard Tanzania
The African Enterprise Challenge Fund
13. De Nicola Dario Tanzania CEFA Onlus
14. Desiderato Audrey USA SunFunder
15. Doyle Molly USA GVEP International
16. Elsworth Jim Tanzania Twende
17. Fraatz Jasmin Uganda GIZ Uganda
18. Franz Michael Belgium EUEI PDF
19. Gevaert Jan Tanzania ECO Carbone Tanzania
20. Goanue Augustus Liberia
Rural Renewable Energy Agency (RERA)
21. Goehringer Veit Uganda GIZ
22. Hameer Sameer Tanzania Nelson Mandela African Institute
of Science and Technology
23. Hankins Mark Kenya African Solar Designs
24. Hasselsten Jenny Maria USA World Bank Group
25. Hayek Niklas Germany EUEI PDF
26. Hendriksen Gerard Tanzania Consultant RE
27. Holmes John Germany EASAC
28. Iliceto Francesco Italy University of Rome La Sapienza
29. Jones Clive Tanzania Power Providers Company Ltd
30. Karhammar Ralph Ake Australia Consultant
31. Kazungu Jules Rwanda RCID
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32. Khawaja Cosette Germany WIP Renewable Energies
33. Kinuthia Peter Tanzania EAC
34. Kinyangi Kevin Kinusu Kenya Hivos East Africa
35. Klinck Dan Rwanda SOGEMR
36. Kruger Wiebke Germany JUWI
37. Kupaza Ramadhani Tanzania Oikos East Africa
38. Laustsen Bjarne Tanzania Kiwia & Laustsen Limited
39. Lemondzhava Tatia USA World Bank Group
40. Lukuba Renatus Tanzania Sustainable in development issues-SDI
41. Mangwengwende Simbarashe Zimbabwe Economic Consulting Associates
42. Matasane Clement Lesotho MCM Research and Consultancy Services Company
43. Meltikor Urbanus Tanzania Arusha Technical College
44. Mergner Rita Germany WIP Renewable Energies
45. Mikate Hamisi Tanzania ENSOL Limited
46. Morganti Nicola Tanzania ACRA Tanzania
47. Mugarula Lydia Tanzania Tanzania Portland cement co ltd
48. Multhaup Bernd Germany GIZ
49. Murithii Benson Kenya Kenya Power and lighting
50. Murunga Jacinta Kenya GIZ
51. Musa Mzumbe Tanzania RESCO (T) Ltd
52. Musunda Nason Zambia Rural Electrification Authority
53. Mwangi Haroun Kenya Kenya Power and lighting
54. Ngowi Epaphra Tanzania TAREA North
55. Nyamo-Hanga Gissima Tanzania Rural Energy Agency
56. Nyanzikubo Joseph Uganda Power networks Ltd
57. Othman Ramadan Tanzania Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
58. Otto Simon Germany TAREA
59. Palit Debajit India TERI
60. Peloetletse Steven Botswana Rural Electrification Agency
61. Pendezza Jacopo Tanzania CEFA Onlus
62. Pesambili Leonard Tanzania TATEDO
63. Ratnayake Chrisanta USA Individual consultant
64. Richard Thomas Tanzania Power Providers Company Ltd
65. Rutz Dominik Germany WIP Renewable Energies
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66. Silavwe Suzyo Zambia Provincial Rural Electrification
67. Turpeinen Mika Finland ABB Ltd
68. Uwayezu Flavia Uganda Rural Electrification Agency
69. Washija Robert Tanzania Kiwia & Laustsen Ltd
70. Wasiwasi Mgonzo Tanzania Nelson Mandela African Institute
of Science and Technology
71. Werring Fredrik Berglien Tanzania Norwegian Embassy
72. Yusuf Harold Tanzania Women plus association
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Annex 3 – Presentations and case studies Prof. Izael da Silva - Keynote presentation: Mini-grids – An overview
Michael Franz - Welcome presentation
Mark Hankins - The mini-grid policy toolkit
Simbarashe E. Mangwengwende - Regulation for mini-grids in the SADC Region
Leonard Pesambili - Small scale mini-grids powered by Jatropha
Dan Klinck - Mini-grids powered by mini-hydro plants in Rwanda
Wiebke Krüger - Success factors for mini-grid project development
Debajit Palit - Lessons learned on mini-grid projects in India
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Mini-Grids Opportunities for Rural Development in Africa AEI Workshop Arusha 5 September 2013
Opportunities forppAEI WoWWoWWork
This project is supported by the European Union
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
MINIGRID TOOLKIT FOR POLICY-MAKERS
WHY A MINI-GRID POLICY TOOLKIT?
MINI-GRID EXPERIENCES
MINI-GRID BUSINESS MODELS
THE POLICY DIMENSION OF MINI-GRIDS
INTRODUCTION TO THE TOOLS
ID POLICY TOOLKIT?
THE POLICY DIMENSION OF MINI-GRIDS
2
WHY A MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT?
TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK TOOLKIT WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
3
IEA estimate: To achieve universal electricity access, mini-grids needed for
40% of new capacity by 2030, the largest portion in sub-Saharan Africa (WEO, 2010).
The technology is thereÉ
Green Mini-Grids can also stimulate rural productivity and renewable energy development
BUT green mini-grid options have
struggled to expand beyond pilot projects and are off-track to make a meaningful contribution to Sustainable Energy for All targets.
So what is the problem?
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
GRID EXTENSION MINIGRIDS STAND-ALONE
Mini-Grids: The Missing Middle
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
4
Policy and regulatory frameworks support grid extension
Policy doesnÕt readily consider mini-grids
Mini-grids not proÞtable in absence of conducive regulatory environment Ð so no investment
Lack of experience with mini-grids deters policy makers and investors
TOOLKIT
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT OBJECTIVES
¥! Increase!awareness!of!MG!potential among targeted practitioner &!policy making stakeholders !
¥! Present!lessons!learnt! ¥! Provide!recommendations!for!senior!
policy-makers!and!advisors Inter-related activities presented via!a!designed!web!portal!that!presents and helps coordinate speciÞc activities
¥! Website ¥! Central policy document ¥! Case Studies ¥! Webinairs ¥! Workshops ¥! Learning Platform! ¥! Exchange of experience
(group of experts)
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT COMPONENTS
Tool-kit Objectives
TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
DIESEL HYDRO BIOMASS-FIRED HYBRIDS
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
Types of mini-grid technology
TECHNOLOGY
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
TECHNOLOGY TYPICAL SIZE & USES EXPERIENCE AND LEVEL OF MATURITY
DIESEL MINIGRIDS ¥! powered by diesel or fuel-oil ¥! Remote towns, tourism resorts
and business centres. ! ¥! Distribution grid. ¥! Operation times depend on load
requirements and ability to pay.
10 kW to 1MW ¥! Village
electriÞcation ¥! off-grid &
back-up power
¥! Utility-provided. Rural electriÞcation agencies subsidize connections ---consumers reduced prices (Africa-wide practice).
¥! Commercial-model: Operate on
private basis --- consumers pay fee based on number of appliances
NUMBERS IN AFRICA PROS CONS
Thousands in use all over Africa
!! Low CAPEX !! Mature
technology !! Solar PV & wind
can be added to
lower cost, !! Commercial
models established
!! Potential for bio-diesel fuels
!! High OPEX (fuel expense & delivery)
!! Carbon emissions
!! Fuel theft !! Intermittent use
times
DIESEL HYDRO BIOMASS-FIRED HYBRIDS
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
Kenya
Somalia
Case studies:
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
TECHNOLOGY TYPICAL SIZE & USES EXPERIENCE AND LEVEL OF MATURITY
HYDRO MINIGRIDS Powered by hydro plant (whether micro- or mini-) utilize cascading water to power electric turbines.
Up to 1MW; village electriÞcation, plantations, tea sector, religious missions.
¥! Traditionally in remote settlements and religious missions in mountainous areas. ¥! Asia: more active hydro market ¥! In past: many mission settlements
used hydro mini-grids. ¥! Renewed interest in small hydro
mini-grids tea sector & RE
NUMBERS IN AFRICA PROS CONS
438 kW micro-hydro project Musarara, Rwanda
Hundreds (?!) Cameroon, DRC, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda.
!!Mature technology
!! Low cost power !!No fuel needs
!!Requires constant hydro resource
!! Location-speciÞc
!!Many locations already near grid power
DIESEL HYDRO BIOMASS-FIRED HYBRIDS
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
Uganda.
TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
Rwanda
Case study:
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
TECHNOLOGY TYPICAL SIZE & USES EXPERIENCE AND LEVEL OF MATURITY
BIOMASS-FIRED Bio-waste, residues or biogas fueled generators. Power is distributed as with other types of minigrids.
Up to 1MW Sugar/wood plantations, sawmills, agro-industry.
¥! Mature technology employed in plantations to reduce power expenditures. ¥! Sugar plantations: bagasse. ¥! Potential utility feed-in tariffs. ¥! Interesting Asian experiences (see
India ÐHusk Power case study).
NUMBERS IN AFRICA PROS CONS
Husk Power Systems, India Xx MW in village xx
100Õs of sites. Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Uganda, Tanzania.
!!Relatively low cost power
!!Plentiful, low-cost fuel
!! Limited African experience in rural electriÞcation
!! Location-speciÞc
DIESEL HYDRO BIOMASS-FIRED HYBRIDS
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
Case studies: India
Tanzania
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
TECHNOLOGY TYPICAL SIZE & USES EXPERIENCE AND LEVEL OF MATURITY
AC-COUPLED INVERTER HYBRID MINIGRIDS
Systems manage solar, wind, battery and generator combinations for supply to small distribution networks.
2kW to 300 kW !!Recent technical improvements. !!Advanced inverter, power
management & metering --- increased opportunities.
!!Greatest near-term potential --size adaptability & combination with diesel generators.
NUMBERS IN AFRICA PROS CONS
Hybrid minigrid in Tsumkwe, Namibia 201 kW solar array
Scores of projects. Rural energy agency NGO, private sector.
!!Extremely ßexible systems
!! Falling PV prices
!! Lower fuel consumption
!!High investment, especially when battery storage is used
!!Batteries !!Spare parts &
maintenance
DIESEL HYDRO BIOMASS-FIRED HYBRIDS
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TOOLKIT
Senegal
Namibia
Egypt
Cape Verde
Case studies:
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Its more than just technologyÉ
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
The parts need to work togetherÉ
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Rural people are obviously willing to pay! Why donÕt companies, NGOs or communities invest in minigrids?
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
¥! Mini-grid business: investment in technology & power distribution over long term. Investors deterred by: "! extremely high up-front costs, "! relatively low rate of return "! high risk that the investment will not cover costs.
¥! Investment viability: "! Businesses, grinding mills or agricultural pumps: stable ÒanchorÓ customers, BUT "! Rural households simply not Þnancially attractive to commercial utilities.
¥! Most mini-grid business models not viable without subsidies. ¥! Case studies: virtually all business models require subsidy to commence, or to
sustain operation over the long term.
TECHNOLOGY
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Mini-grid business models
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
There is no one-size-Þts-all business model for minigrids. This section presents a number of common models that have emerged which virtually all minigrids Þt into. All of these models have positive and negative aspects that are discussed in the case studies. Business models primarily differ based on who owns power generation and power distribution infrastructure as well as the presence of other key situational elements such as speciÞc regulation (or lack thereof) or strong involvement of private sector or NGOs/donors.
TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
No ÒbestÓ mini-grid business model! Context is key.
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
There is no one-size-Þts-all business model for minigrids. This section presents a number of common models that have emerged which virtually all minigrids Þt into. All of these models have positive and negative aspects that are discussed in the case studies. Business models primarily differ based on who owns power generation and power distribution infrastructure as well as the presence of other key situational elements such as speciÞc regulation (or lack thereof) or strong involvement of private sector or NGOs/donors.
TECHNOLOGY
Private models based on anchor clients
e.g. Tanzania Wattle
Private sector led
e.g. Somalia
Hybrids, e.g. PPP
in Rwanda
Hybrid concessions
e.g. Senegal
Utility led e.g. Kenya
Donor/Community led
e.g. Cape Verde
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TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Mini-grid business models BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
MODEL POWER
GENERATION
POWER
DISTRIBUTION MAIN SITUATIONAL ELEMENTS
LEVEL OF
SUBSIDIES EXAMPLE
1A Private sector-
led (Anchor load
based)
Private Private
Firms with power demand/
supply available (agro-
industry, telecom or service
company)
Moderate Tanzania wattle
1B Private sector-
led (Free market) Private Private
Absence of regulation (free
price setting)
Financially
Viable
Somali diesel grid
Tourism/telecomm??
1C Private sector
led (with
regulatory
framework)
Private Private
Political preference for
option
Enabling policy environment
Extremely
high up front
Mali concessions
Senegal concessions
2 Utility-led
minigrids Utility Utility
Political preference for
option
Political will to pursue this
Extremely
high
Kenya
Tanzania
3 Community-led Community Community Donor/NGO technical and
Þnancial assistance
Extremely
high
Cape Verde
Namibia
4 Hybrids (e.g.
Public Private
Partnerships)
Private Utility
Political preference for
option
Enabling policy environment
Moderate Rwanda
TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
¥! Purpose ¥! Actors ¥! Regulatory
environment & business models
¥! Senegal example ¥! Mini-grids overtaken
by grids
TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
POLICY & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
The Purpose of Positive GMG Policy
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
¥! Set up the ÒRules of the RoadÓ for Mini-Grid Implementation
¥! Ensure the Public Good ¥! Instill ConÞdence ¥! Provide Incentives and support
instruments for Project Development
BeneÞciary concerns
Investor concerns
Grid operator concerns
Local & national
government concerns
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Policy & Regulatory Framework Actors in Mini-Grid Policy
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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Ministry
Energy Regulator Rural ElectriÞcation Authority
Utility Mini-Grid Operators
Consumers
Political guidance
Role depends on model
Role depends on model
Coordination & implementation of
rural electif. Regulation Government
Government
Government
Parastatal Private / community
TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Regulatory Environment for MG Business Models
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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!Model! Utility! Hybrid! Private! Community!
Strategy-level ! National electricity / electriÞcation strategy: global decision about which business /
operator model to apply in the country
"#$!%&!
'()*+(,-.$!!
Acts, laws, policies etc., operationalizing above & delegating authority for
speciÞc regulation to government bodies (e.g. rural electriÞcation agency,
regulator)
SpeciÞc
regulation !
Public
procurement
IPP / PPA Concessions; Tariffs Future grid connection
Concessions; Tariffs; Ownership model (?) Future grid connection
/.#-.01-2!3!
24''%)$!+.$-)15!
Policy decisions on: CAPEX subsidy (Þnanced through donors, taxes, or consumers);
tax breaks; connection subsidies, direct support interventions; etc.
6-.-)(*!
)-74*(0%.!!
¥! Permits, licences, EIAÔs etc.
¥! Import regulations: duties, taxes, tarriffs
¥! Technical standards (products and services)
¥! Taxiation: e.g. VAT
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Supportive Policy Tools & Instruments
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
Degree of Need! Policy Element Examples!
Must have FOUNDATION
¥! Clear private sector development policy ¥! Clear energy policy, in favor of rural electriÞcation ¥! Clear policy support and regulatory framework for desired MG business model(s)
Should have FRAMEWORK !
¥! Rural electriÞcation policy & sector development plan ¥! Regulatory agency in place, clear regulatory rules ¥! Rural electriÞcation targets ¥! Rural electriÞcation agency in place, clear ideas about the public support program ¥! Common PPA guidelines in place with favorable tariff for renewable energy
¥! Tariff guidelines for off-grid use, allow cost-reßective tariffs, and national grid tariffs are also cost-reßective
¥! Clear Þscal rules for private businesses!
Will help if ¥! Share information about grid expansion plans & means ¥! Import duty relief for RE equipment ¥! Tax incentives for operating RE in rural areas ¥! Financial support mechanism in place promoting investments in RE
"! Subsidies "! Access to concessional Þnance
¥! TA support mechanism in place promoting investments in RE ¥! Indications which business models are supported under public program and how
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Supportive Policy Tools & Instruments Senegal Example
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
Must Have
¥! Government commitment to electrify rural areas ¥! Acceptance of mini-grid model
¥! Support for private-sector led concession approach
Should Have
¥! Rural ElectriÞcation Agency (ASER) and Fund ¥! Tariffs in place
¥! Rules for concession players ¥! Long term contracts
Helpful
¥! Financial support from donors and Government ¥! Standard designs for mini-grids
¥! TA and capacity building
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
What happens when utility grids enter minigrid geographic areas?
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
¥! New power generation costs change the business model "! decrease end-user prices "! threaten return on investment for the operator "! Remove further incentives for operators
¥! Such risks need to be governed in the policy framework and fair compensation for the investor should be guaranteed.
¥! This is a common occurrence in rural electriÞcation ¥! Rwanda case study
TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
INTRO TO THE PORTAL
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT This minigrid policy toolkit is arranged in six sections to help readers quickly learn about various aspects of minigrids. Below, Þnd links to discussions on technology, business models and policy frameworks of minigrid projects. Also Þnd links to sections about case studies and important policy lessons that
have been learnt in Africa and elsewhere. INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK
CASE STUDIES WAY FORWARD Feel free to explore our web-site
(www.minigridpolicytoolkit.euei-pdf.org) for more information and discussions. This minigrid policy toolkit is an initiative of:
TECHNOLOGYBUSINESS MODELSPOLICY FRAMEWORK
CASE STUDIESWAWWAWWAWWAAYAAYYAAY FORWAWWAWWAWWAARD
INTRODUCTION
HOME
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
Main Tool Kit Elements ¥! Central Policy Document ¥! Web Site ¥! Case Studies
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TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
KENYA
RE Technology:
Business model: Utility-led (Kenya Power)
Diesel mini-"grids as examples of the most prevalent type of mini-"grids in Africa. Diesel generators are simple to operate and have relatively low investment costs; they can be repaired locally, and have shown to be reliable. Case study explores how addition of PV to a diesel system can improve performance (on-going Kenya Power projects).
GO TO CASE STUDY
TECHNOLOGY
27
TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
INDIA
RE Technology:
Business model: Hybrid (PPP)
Indian experience with Biomass-PV minigrids and a subsidized private sector model (reduced subsidies). Model and technology applied in hundreds of communities in India. Special relevance to Africa.
GO TO CASE STUDY
TECHNOLOGY
28
TOOLKIT
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
EGYPT
RE Technology:
Business Model: NGO/Community-led
Demonstration project in the desert that uses wind/solar for desalinization of brackish water. Supplies water for irrigation of tree plantations and agriculture.
GO TO CASE STUDY
TECHNOLOGY
29
TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
NAMIBIA
RE Technology:
Business model: Hybrid (Community and Utility)
Hybrid diesel" PV mini grid as an example of the importance of project design, whereby ideological considerations are proven to be not very practical.
GO TO CASE STUDY
TECHNOLOGY
30
TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
RWANDA
RE Technology:
Business model: Hybrid (PPP)
Mini grids that are subsequently connected to the main grid. Privately created micro hydro plants and mini grids showing that local organizations can be strong enough to develop, Þnance and operate micro hydro plants; the initial systematic assistance pays off as these project developers are now technically and Þnancially capable of replicating their experiences. The regulatory framework is very important, as in this case the minigrid was not built for that reason.
GO TO CASE STUDY
TECHNOLOGY
31
TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
SENEGAL
RE Technology:
Business model: Concession
Mini-"grids as a representative case study for the West African experience of government" subsidized PV/diesel hybrid minigrids to Þll in areas of non-service for the national grid.
GO TO CASE STUDY
TECHNOLOGY
32
TOOLKIT
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MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
TANZANIA
RE Technology:
Business model: based on anchor client
Tanzania experience of Tanzania Wattle and their biomass based the minigrid has been incorporated into the Tanzania national grid.
GO TO CASE STUDY
TECHNOLOGY
33
TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION
CAPE VERDE
RE Technology:
Business Model: Donor/Community-led
Solar/wind diesel hybrid applied in a remote island for rural electriÞcation. Relatively expensive donor-provided demonstration program.
GO TO CASE STUDY
TECHNOLOGY
34
TOOLKIT
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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TOOLKIT
Way Forward ¥! Website Operational ¥! Public Announcement ¥! Content Available Online
"!Main document "!Case studies "!Training materials
¥! Next Workshops ¥! Training Webinair ¥! Long term handover of
website
MINIGRID POLICY TOOLKIT
BUSINESS MODELS POLICY FRAMEWORK WAY FORWARD INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
36
TOOLKIT
Thank You
Mark Hankins [email protected]
Tel: 254-722-527710
AFRICAN Solar Designs Ltd.
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�
MUSARARA MINI-HYDRO POWER PROJECT
ARUSHA, TANZANIA, SEPT 5, 2013
PRIVATE SECTOR PRESENTER:
DAN KLINCK, COO
DC HYDROPOWER LTD (RWANDA)
RWANDA MINI-GRID CASE STUDYRECP OPPORTUNITIES FOR RURAL-DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA WORKSHOP
MUSARARA MINI-HEP PROJECT
Developer • Amahoro Energy (SOGEMR)
Capacity • 438 kW
Water Storage • N/A (Run-of-the-River Scheme)
Construction • 5 Years ( Primary Delays: Funding )
Development Costs
• EUR 1.3M• 20% Developer
• 45% Debt• 35% GIZ EnDev Program Grant
Annual Income • EUR 350M
Mini-Grid • Original design to provide Shyra Hospital & Villages with 500 households
• Completed with National Grid Connection• Constructed 6km of MV Transmission Line
DIVERSION WEIR CANAL
CANAL & AQUADUCT CANAL
![Page 49: Workshop Report (pdf, 4.9 MB, EN)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051103/58a2d14b1a28abac578bc742/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
�
CANAL & AQUADUCT CANAL & AQUADUCT
CANAL & FOREBAY FOREBAY
PENSTOCK (120m) POWERHOUSE
![Page 50: Workshop Report (pdf, 4.9 MB, EN)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051103/58a2d14b1a28abac578bc742/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
�
OSSBERGER TURBINE ON-GRID CELEBRATION
MINI-GRID TECH INFO
MiniGrid Technological Info Factors
Power Plant Installed Capacity • 438 kW
Capacity Factor • 100% +
Cross-Flow Turbine • 85% Efficiency
Control Units • Siemens & European
Electricity Storage • N/A
Transmission Line • National-Grid Standards
• 30kva MV Line
• Developer Contract
• National PowerCo Ownerships
Distribution Grid • Project Designed to include Mini-Grid
(All Plants Connected to National-Grid)
National Grid Reasoning • Unforeseen rapid national-grid expansion
• Increased Financial Viability (Banks now insist on
IPP PPA’s with National Utility (EWSA))
National Grid Management • Pre-payment Meters
KEY LESSONS LEARNED
1. Private Plants perform better than Public Plants (Including Community-Run Plants)
2. Grid-Connected Plants are easier to become viable and sustainable than isolated ones
3. Conducive Regulatory Frameworks lead to
greater Private Sector contributions to both Power Supply & Distribution
Hydro-based Mini-Grids
….
A Viable Off-Grid
Solution?
MINIGRID SUCCES FACTORS
The following are the 5 key factors required to DEVELOP a viable private sector led minigrid project
driven from Micro-Hydro or Mini-Hydro Power:
1. Financially Viable Business Plan
2. Robust Technical Plan
3. Coherant & Favorable Policy Environment
4. Strong Plant Ownership Arrangements
5. Expertise (Technical & Management)
![Page 51: Workshop Report (pdf, 4.9 MB, EN)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051103/58a2d14b1a28abac578bc742/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
�
MHP DEVELOPMENT PROCESS GAP
1 • Site Identification
2 • Planning
3 • Financing & Procurement
4 • Construction
5 • Operations & Maintenance
FROM GAP TO OPPORTUNITY
Learning from our experience ….
Although no-minigrids were constructed as a result of
all plants being connected to the National Grid, the conditions/concepts are highly relevant for replicating
1. Local Capacity: Now sufficient to build 2nd plant
2. Private Ownership: Operate it or go bankrupt!
3. Subsidies Work: Great for Developer & Gov’t
4. Regulatory Framework: Conducive for IPPs
5. Private Focus on Viability Conditions
MARKET TRENDS (RWANDA)
Rwanda is “open” to micro-hydro AND mini-grids:
1. Strong Regulatory Environment
2. Strong & Increased Private Sector Interest
3. All 20+ public micro hydro plants will be privatized
4. Off-grid connections are sought for 52% of Rwandan Households (1.2 M) – (Solar PV & HydroPower)
5. Over 300 Micro-Hydro Sites available
6. Over 200 are PicoHydro Sites (10 Off-grid projects are now operational)
� 0-5kw – 70+ Sites
� 5-25kw – 90+ Sites� 25-50kw – 40+ Sites
7. Technical & Financial Support Development Agencies� GIZ EnDev Program
� GVEP International
NEXT STEPS
Successful Mini/Micro-Hydro Minigrids will arise from creating success stories …
1. Increase Awareness of the Opportunities:
�Greater Private, Public & Agency Dialogue
�Greater East-African Dialogue
�Learning from success in China, Vietnam, Nepal, etc.
2. Implementation of Private-Led Projects:
�Financially Viable Projects with significant subsidies
�Ex: GIZ Results-Based Financing Project (Rwanda)
3. Replicating Success Stories
& Scaling-up from Pico, Micro, Mini to Small HydroPower
Questions?
Contact Information:
Dan Klinck
COO
T +250 784 912 333
![Page 52: Workshop Report (pdf, 4.9 MB, EN)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051103/58a2d14b1a28abac578bc742/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
1
Success factors for mini-grid project development
Wiebke Krüger · RECP – Minigrids Workshop Arusha·5 September 2013
juwi at a Glance
Company structure
Founded in 1996 by Fred Jung and Matthias
Willenbacher (juwi), pioneers for renewable
energies with agricultural roots
juwi AG is an owner-managed group of companies
and not listed on the stock exchange
Total capacity and energy output
~ 2,500 megawatt (approx. 2,200 systems)
~ 4.5 billion kWh, (approx 1.3 Mio EU- households)
Investment volume (since 1996)
Around 5.2 billion Euro
Employees & turnover
~ 1,600 employees (worldwide)
~ 1.1 billion Euro in 2012
Passionately work together to implement
renewable energies economically and reliably.
juwi headquarters in Wörrstadt
Our vision - 100% renewable energy
Our off-grid power solutions
Framework conditions
Identification
Steps of project development
PlanningFinancing / Procurement
Implementation/ Construction
Operation
… of special importance for mini-grids
The technical design has to follow the local demand and the given resources at the specific site.
The operator has to have a long-term interest and be involved in the planning phase.
Project Development System Integrator
Investment objects – Mini-grids as business
Owner: Equity investors create IPPs and SPPs
Financing: Risk capital and commercial banks
Developer: Local professionals with expertise in
energy, legal, commercial, environmental regulations
Precondition: lucrative operation model and
developed market with stable conditions (FiT, PPA,
tender rounds)
Turnkey technical solutions /EPC
Civil, electrical engineering
Statics
Supply Chain Management
Grid connection/construction
Construction Management
Commissioning
Efficiency consulting (Load profile)
Dimensioning of hybrid generation
Export, Import
Precondition: experience, technical
know-how � references
Own consumption – Mini-grids as enabler
Owner: public, NGOs, industries
Financing: public budget, foundations, development aid, corporate financing
Developer: administration, NGO, industry with (local) installer/EPC
Success factors:
Willingness and contribution at community level (application for electrification, committees, land)
Energy audit
Energy Efficiency measures
Measured knowlegde base for RE resources (wind map, hydro)
Streamline information and avoid double efforts
How to:
Feasibility study and site identification at national level
Integration of local politicians
Radio Talks, visits, hands on trainings
Identification
![Page 53: Workshop Report (pdf, 4.9 MB, EN)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051103/58a2d14b1a28abac578bc742/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
2
Operation
Ownership & Responsibility
Billing and tariffs
Financing model
Involvement of local
community
Involvement of local
private sector
Growth strategy
Operation Model =
Business PlanService model
Planning ofoperationmodel
Maintenance
Financing / Procurement
Success Factors:
Well elaborated business plan with lucrative return of investment
Though a financing gap is observed between 0.1€ - 5 Mio € investment
Bundling of several mini-grid projects as possible solution
Well elaborated specifications and invitation for bids (short, background information)
>8 weeks preparation time for bids
Requirement of local content and references
Ensure that goods are available on local market or can be imported (Bureau of standards)
Quality control at various steps, certified products
Implementation/ Construction
Success factors:
Knowledge transfer on a personal level – cooperation between international and local companies
Operators and O&M company have personally to be involved in construction
Responsibility between different contractors clearly defined
Skilled workforce through training on hardware
Realistic delivery times and avoid end-of-the-year-rally
Operation
Successful operation through local long-term committement, sustainable operation model and skilled
operators
Key factors for success
Every mini-grid project has to start with a profound analysis of demand and resources. The technical
layout follows the given constraints.
Feasibility studies and demand analysis on national level are favorable.
Project development is a very local business. Target project developers are based in the country.
To reach scale private investment is needed. Lucrative, sustainable business models are
precondition for private project development.
Know-ledge transfer and capacity building happens on a personal working level � encourage long
term cooperation between companies and training through pilot projects
11 12
Wiebke Krügerjuwi international GmbH
Energie-Allee 155286 Wörrstadt
Tel. +49. (0)6732. 96 57-3022
Thank you for your attention!
![Page 54: Workshop Report (pdf, 4.9 MB, EN)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051103/58a2d14b1a28abac578bc742/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
3
The Technical Data
13
Component Size
Solar Modules 11 kWp polycrystalline
PV Inverters 11kW
Batteries 10 kWh (2020 Ah, 48V)
Battery Inverters 5 kW
Grid 1km radius, 230V /400V
AC connection box Load shedding, expandable
![Page 55: Workshop Report (pdf, 4.9 MB, EN)](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051103/58a2d14b1a28abac578bc742/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
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