workshop summary - indico€¦ · brian yanoff, ge global research … with lots of assistance from...

Workshop Summary

Anthony ButlerRadiologist and Physicist

Disclaimer

I have many biases

- I am a clinician by job and physicist by hobby

- My university has been a member of Medipix since 2006

- I am a founder of MARS Bioimaging Ltd

Participants and submissions

Context

Review of talks

Conclusions

Overview

NZ has a strange view of the world

Disclaimer

Participants

Context

Review of talks

Conclusions

Scientific committee

Michael Campbell, CERN

Anthony Butler, Univ. of Canterbury & MARS Bioimaging

Steffen Kappler, Siemens Healthineers

Ewald Roessl, Philips Research Laboratories

Katsuyuki (Ken) Taguchi, Johns Hopkins University

Richard Thompson, Canon Medical Research

Brian Yanoff, GE Global Research

… with lots of assistance from Patricia Mage-Granados

Initiation only for several reasons

119 registrantsParticipants2017 => 130

2015 => 112

50 Industry; 46 Scientists; 23 Medical

>85% are returning guests

2013 => 102

2011 => 76

Participants and submissions

Context

Review of talks

Conclusions

Context

The electromagnetic spectrum

X-ray colour: Wavelength, Frequency, or Energy

Context

Spectral CT is true colour x-ray imaging

Context

Computed Tomography is 3D X-rays

Hounsfield,Nobel Prize 1979

Context

Computed Tomography is 3D X-rays

Hounsfield,Nobel Prize 1979

300,000,000 people per year get a CT

Context

Rontgen 1895, to CERN technology 2018

Context Before SpecXray

Earnest Rutherford:

We have no money,

therefore we must think

Particle physics pushes frontiers of knowledge

Mid ’90s, Medipix – Michael Campbell

“Various applications like Medical Imaging should profit”

Early ’80s, direct Si detectors

– Erik Heijne, Robert Klanner, Gehard Lutz

Their role is recognized by the 2017 High Energy and Particle

Physics Prize of EPS

Context Before SpecXray

Context SpecXray 2011

MARS, Philips, and GE Healthcare

Human,

Jerry Arenson

Mouse,

Ewald Roessel

Mouse,

Anthony Butler

Context 2011 to 2019

Rajiv Gupta, Mass.Gen.Hosp

PCD 2017

2011



PCD 2017

2011 2013-2017



PCD 2017

2011 2013-2017 2019

Context

Radiology market has changed

More focus on value, not excellence …

… scanners for emerging markets

… United Imaging Ltd

… health-pathways and efficient care

The world has changed

Context

Radiology market has changed

Earlier decision making…

… growth of Urgent and Point-of-Care

… Artificial Intelligence

More focus on value, not excellence …

… scanners for emerging markets

… United Imaging Ltd

… health-pathways and efficient care

The world has changed

Participants

Context

Review of talks

Conclusions

I’m lucky if I can learn one thing per talk

Invited talk

Re-imagining the imaging system


Scanners with no moving parts in order to meet the community’s needs

A patient in Tuba City, Arizona (Navajo Nation), 5hr drive from

Albuquerque

Invited talk


Reimaging the imaging system

Image processing is a critical part of the system

Taking it to humans

The world is watching

Anthony Butler, Uni. Of Canterbury

Strong focus on clinical benefits

Cynthia McCollough, Mayo Clinic

Imaging where the clinician wants to see

Universal protocols practical for users

Taking it to humans

Clinical applications

Photon counting gives better image quality

Jayasai Rajagopol, NIH Clinical Centre

EID

PCD

Multiple image metrics showing PCD gives better image quality

Thorsten Fleiter, Uni. of Maryland

Image quality

=

Can I make a

diagnosis?

Need to assist clinicians



Multiple contrast agents for radiological surgery

William Pritchard, NIH Clinical Centre

Iodine and Bismuth used simultaneously

( animal models of tumors )


Lots of easily accessible bone applications

Aamir Raja, Uni. of Otago

Structure and mineralization Gout Micro-fractures

Prototype systems

Pete Edic, GE Global Research

Building systems is hard!

Showed complexity of systems

Prototype systems

Shuai Leng, Mayo Clinic

Protocols vary,

but potentially big dose advantages

PCT allows high resolution and low dose

Prototype systems

Shuai Leng, Mayo Clinic

2 sources + 2 bin detectors = 4 energies

Number of bins and energy separation is critical

Detector systems

Magdalena Bazalova-Carter, Uni. of Victoria

Gd/Ho K-edges:

6 keV apart

Very close materials can be separated

Detector systems

Jan Jakubek, ADVACAM

Improved spectral resolution

Timepix3 is a REALLY advanced detector

Improved spatial resolution

Internal XRF

Escape peak

1 mm CdTe

Detector systems

Jan Jakubek, ADVACAM

Singe chip Compton camera for thyroid

Detector systems

Kris Iniewski, Redlen Technologies

4 side buttable, 5 energy, high flux

CZT and commercial detectors have improved

Kris also talked about who might benefit from spectral imaging

Lots of time for discussion

Thanks to Michael and Patricia

Coppet and its chateau

Yi Qiang, Cannon Medical Research

Charge transport over time

Detector modelling

Scott Hsieh, UCLA

…. may be enough to get good images

Just measure co-incident, but don’t correct

Simulations and Recon

Thorsten Sellerer, Technical Uni. Munich

Spectral phase contrast – an important future


Mikael Simard, Uni. of Montreal

What is the optimal basis for describing tissues?

Eigen-tissue decomposition


Spectra -> Eigen-basis -> Materials

Walter Snoeys, CERN

Very clear description of LHC, ATLAS, and CMS

Detectors of HEP

Ananth Annapragada, Baylor College

Nano-particles are used in cancer research

Molecular imaging

Two contrast agents

- tumor vascularization

- nano-particle distribution

Steven Gieseg, Uni. Canterbury

Cardiovascular disease causes 37% of EU deaths

Molecular imagingEx-vivo imaging means he knows what he wants to see in humans

Artur Sossin, Philips Innovative Technology

Improvements in projection based MD

Material Decomposition

Projections

One step reconstruction and MD

More flexible:

- apply image constrains

- variable energy bins

- non-ideal detectors

- flux dependent effects

- variable input spectra

Material Decomposition

Taly Schmidt, Marquette Uni.

Materials

High photon flux is a challenge

Instability more noticeable at high energy thresholds

High-Z semi-conductors

Georgios Prekas, Redlen Technology

Sta

bili

tyIn

tegra

ted

counts

Th1 Th2 Th3 Th4 Th5

>200 Mcps/mm2

achievable!

Timepix4 is almost here

ASICs

Xavi Llopart, CERN

Excellent for pushing the limits of spectral x-ray technology

65nm technology

Pixel matrix of 512 x 448 pixels (55 µm x 55 µm)

Particle identification and tracking (Data driven)

Imaging (frame based with CRW sequential readout)

Sub-ns time binning ~195ps

Max data output ≤163.84 Gbps

Energy resolution <1 KeV

4 side buttable due to TSV

New 4 side buttable ASIC for CT

Edgar Goederer, Siemens Healthineers

Increase detector area for real clinical CTs

ASICs

TSV

ASICs

Increase detector area for real clinical CTs

New 4 side buttable ASIC for CT

Edgar Goederer, Siemens Healthineers

Charge sharing correction scheme

Pawl Grybos, AGH Uni.of Science and Technology

Charging sharing and pulse pile-up are the main challenges

ASICs

Moving beyond 2 energies for clinical CT

Loick Verger, CEA LETI

Want to have:

charge sharing correction, pile-up correction, more energies

ASICs

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-uses-photon-counting-ct-scanner-patients-first-timehttps://ctcicblog.mayo.edu/hubcap/our-scanners/

2 energies

Currently: Future:

Pile-up rejectionCharge sharing correction256 energy bins-real time 2 side “buttable” Energy resolution 7 to 9%OCR= 8 Mcps/pixel

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-uses-photon-counting-ct-scanner-patients-first-time

https://ctcicblog.mayo.edu/hubcap/our-scanners/

A great review of competing requirements

Rafael Ballabriga, CERN

ASICs My favorite talk !

Participants

Context

Review of talks

Conclusions

Conclusion

“This is what happens when you bring people with good ideas together to form a community”

Stephan Kappler, Scientific committee

Conclusion

Looking back what have we learned since 2011?

The medical applications of spectral x-ray detectors are:

- new information

- higher resolution

- lower dose

Conclusion

Looking back what have we learned since 2011?

The medical applications of spectral x-ray detectors are:

- new information

- higher resolution

- lower dose

2011 – would any of this work?

Conclusion

What have we learned in this workshop?

Spectral CT is going to happen

- all of the challenges are successfully being address

- it will reach the clinics

(timelines remain uncertain)

At least 300,000,000 people per year will benefit

Thanks youMichael Campbell, CERN

Anthony Butler, Univ. of Canterbury & MARS Bioimaging

Steffen Kappler, Siemens Healthineers

Ewald Roessl, Philips Research Laboratories

Katsuyuki (Ken) Taguchi, Johns Hopkins University

Richard Thompson, Canon Medical Research

Brian Yanoff, GE Global Research

workshop summary - indico€¦ · brian yanoff, ge global research … with lots of assistance from...

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