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WorldBankIN INDIA

THE

I N S I D E

Kerala Rural Water Supplyand Environmental SanitationProject 1-5

Development Dialogue:Bringing Orissa out ofpoverty 6-8

Events 9-12

Recent Project Approvals 13

Recent Project Signings 13-14

Essay Competitions 14

New Additions to the PublicInformation Center 15-23

Contact Information 24

A self-help story: Keralavillagers put water on tap

MARCH 2006VOL 4 / NO 5

The stream that flows along the edge of a forest in this spice-

redolent corner of the Malabar coast is drying up again; but Kadija

Mohammad of Pudupadhi village in Kozhikode district is unworried, for

she is no longer dependent on its abundance for her family’s daily water

needs. For the first time in years, village homes in this part of north

Kerala are not experiencing water-poverty during the dry months of

February to May.

The change-maker has been Jalanidhi, the Kerala state government’s

rural water supply and sanitation program, which helps village

communities across four districts partner with their gram panchayats

in setting up small private water supply systems.

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The World Bank in India • March 200612

The World Bank is supporting the Jalanidhi

program with a loan of US$ 65.5 million (now

reduced to US$ 53.2 million after funds were

diverted for tsunami reconstruction work in

the state).

Kerala’s water conundrum

Kerala is particularly rain blessed (it gets

three times more rain than the rest of India)

but its physio-geographical peculiarities – in

particular the near-absence of flat lands

between the hills and coast means that over

40 percent of available water flows wastefully

in to the sea – and mounting pressures of

population have left it with a per capita fresh

water availability lower than that of arid

Indian states like Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Given that most rural households in Kerala

depend on water drawn from private wells

for domestic needs and that these wells

routinely go dry every summer, drinking

water supply in villages was fast becoming a

crisis. The state water supply utility, like the

rest of its centralized ilk, was not particularly

given to including users’ wishes in its work

agenda.

The Jalanidhi program, being implemented

since 2001 in the four northern districts of

Mallapuram, Palakkad, Thrissur and

Kozhikode, sought to help villagers plan,

design, operate and maintain their own

water supply systems. Today, some 93,000

households are receiving clean, drinking

water in their homes largely through their

Kerala’s water balance sheet

Assets Liabilities

3,000 mm annual rainfall – thrice that of More than 40 percent of available surface

national Indian average water flows wastefully into the Arabian Sea

600 km coastline; 44 rivers; 29 freshwater Declining groundwater due to overuse

lakes; innumerable springs, tanks and ponds;

and lengthy chains of backwater estuaries

250 open wells per sq km – highest well High pressures of population

density in country

Right:Despite gettingthree timesmore rain thanthe rest of thecountry, Keralaexperiences asurprisingshortage ofwater duringthe summer;a World Bankassisted projectis helpingvillagers set upsmall wells tobring waterinto theirhomes

Today,

some 93,000

households are

receiving clean,

drinking water

in their homes

largely through

the villagers’

own efforts

2

The World Bank in India • March 2006 12

own efforts; more than 60 percent of these

families live below the poverty line.

“Jalanidhi is a scheme of great consolation

for us,” says Abdul Nazer, the young student

who heads one of the beneficiary groups

(BGs) in Mallapuram district. In Nazer’s

Chatukudi group, 52 households have got

together to dig an open well and lay pipe

3

Right:The Project hashelped womensave hoursspent fetchingwater fromdistant wells

Below:More than60 percent of thebeneficiariesof the Jalanidhiproject livebelow thepoverty line

Main components

● Demand-driven approach

● Cost sharing

● Cost recovery

● Integrating sanitation with water supply

● Pro-poor approach in selection of

schemes

● Women’s empowerment through self-help

groups

● Dovetailing with decentralization

connections to their houses. They provided

15 percent of the capital cost, their local

government body, the Peruvallur gram

panchayat, gave another 10 percent; the

Jalanidhi kitty provided the rest. Working in

conjunction with a local NGO, the villagers

identified a site for their well, selected a local

contractor for its digging and the laying of

the pump and pipes, and are now seeing

water course through their taps.

Members of the Chatukudi group are

gathered in the local schoolhouse and the

women among them are especially

unqualified in their praise for Jalanidhi.

“We get water for just one hour each

morning, but even that is a boon for us,”

says Fatima. She tells of how she would set

out at 8 each morning in search of water. She

would visit the local tank, or make the rounds

of private wells owned by other families in the

village. Doing the family laundry at one point,

bathing at another and filling her kitchen pots

at a third, sourcing water would become an

increasingly exhausting chore as the summer

progressed. But now, with water on tap, she

has time for other chores about the house.

Community participation

This approach of using communities to

participate in the delivery of water and

sanitation services was first piloted by the

World Bank under the Swajal project that

ran in 12 districts of Uttaranchal between

1996 and 2003. Under this, elected Village

Water and Sanitation Committees worked

with local NGOs to choose a water supply

system they considered most appropriate

to their circumstances. The villagers

contributed to the capital cost and

implemented the scheme – from procuring

materials and contracting out construction to

fixing tariff and collecting it, to operating and

maintaining the supply system. The success

of Swajal on the ground saw this demand-

driven approach being scaled up in 2002

under a nationwide program called

Swajaldhara.

After Swajal, the World Bank – in line

with the Government of India’s increasing

emphasis on decentralization to rural local

governments as per the 93rd Constitutional

Amendment – sought to take the community

- based approach to the next level by

drawing Panchayati Raj institutions into the

supply of water services. And as the state of

Kerala had made considerable progress

towards effective decentralization, it seemed

the fitting crucible for this sector reform.


Right:Villagers havecome togetherto build tanks,dig wells andset up pumphouses to bringdrinking waterto their homes

Jalanidhi thus uses as its fulcrum the

partnership between the user community

and the grassroot-level government body,

the gram panchayat.

Involving panchayats

“This is a new generation project for us in

the sense that it seeks to institutionalize the

integration of the local community (and its

support organization, the local NGO) with

the local Panchayati Raj bodies,” says the

Bank task leader for the Project, Ghanasham

Abhyankar. “This will be an even better

recipe for sustainability.” As a matter of fact,

a sustainability evaluation conducted in

750 Jalanidhi beneficiary groups in

November 2005 showed that 90 percent of

the surveyed groups are likely to sustain

their schemes. More than 70 percent of the

groups also have surplus funds, which

bodes well for their being able to sustain

operations beyond the life of the Project.

The involvement of local gram panchayat

officials on the ground is another indicator

of community ownership of the scheme.

In Pudupadhi, the gram panchayat president,

Bindu Uday, conducts visitors around the

Jalanidhi schemes herself, going from well

to well and pumphouse to pumphouse with

visible pride. She has been instrumental in

getting some 42 beneficiary groups under

her panchayat registered as a federation with

its own separate kitty so that the schemes

have a post-Project support structure.

Uday is enthusiastic about the skills and

capacities Jalanidhi has engendered in the

people. “It has raised the level of local

leadership, and the gram panchayat is now

able to draw on these people and utilize their

skills for other development schemes,” she

says. Apart from setting up schemes in virgin

territories, Jalanidhi also stipulated that each

gram panchayat under the Project take over

and rehabilitate existing government-run

water supply schemes, thus ensuring the

spread of the customer-run ethos.

Women step out

Perhaps the greatest social impact of

Jalanidhi can be seen among the women

of the Moplahs, a conservative Muslim

community of coastal Malabar. The Moplah

women, with their shy eyes and a timorous


habit of veiling their laughter with their

hands, are rarely seen beyond the wooded

compounds of their homes. But, today, the

women are increasingly visible at village

meetings, interacting with NGOs and the

gram panchayat, participating in community

development programs and even running them.

“Jalanidhi hasn’t just brought water to

our village, it has brought a cultural

transformation,” says K Koyakutty Haji,

president of the Peruvallur gram panchayat

in Mallapuram district. “The women of my

village wouldn’t even peep out of their houses

when we round canvassing; now they even

come down to the panchayat office for

meetings. And it is Jalanidhi that has drawn

them out.”

A checkstop at any of the gram panchayats

under the Jalanidhi program will bear him out.

Within five minutes of halting in a hamlet, the

air redolent with hints of pepper, cardamom

and vanilla, the local beneficiary group

gathers around – and in all instances, more

than half the group will comprise women.

They linger on the fringes of the group, their

headscarves demurely in place, but they are

clued on to each aspect of the Project – be it

levels of energy consumption, water metering

or chlorination – and they don’t hesitate to

contradict the menfolk or even confront the

NGO representative if necessary.

Jalanidhi’s impelling women to the forefront

is due not just to the fact that it is a program

centred on water, that most important

ingredient in a woman’s housekeeping life.

The Project itself has a strong women’s

empowerment component. For one, it is

mandatory for women heads of household –

and there are several in the Malabar which is

a particularly rich catchment for migrant

labor to West Asia – to attend beneficiary

group meetings.

Then, every beneficiary group must have a

woman office-bearer. So, we have Jamila as

the president in Thengaparambu; Sharifa is

the secretary in NAM (an acronym for three

hamlets); while Anamma Chacko and Kadija

Mohammad are presidents of the Jalganga

and Jalrani beneficiary groups in Pudupadhi

village. Several women are thus actively

involved in the actual operations of the water

supply system. The Project has also helped

local women set up a host of self-help

schemes, including sweet-shops, stationery

shops, mushroom farming and sewing units.

Jalanidhi’s success has also helped dispel

qualms about the poor being able or willing

to pay for water. Kunjathu, a single mother of

six in Edayur village, works as a maid in the

more well-heeled houses of the village. She

pays Rs 40 per month for her two hours of

water but is quite sanguine about it. “Earlier,

I would spend four hours collecting water;

now I get water in my house, so I can use

those four hours to work in one more house

and to spend more time with my children.

So why should I mind?” she says.

Women rarely

seen beyond

the wooded

compounds

of their homes

today attend

village and

panchayat

meetings,

interacting

with NGOs and

participate in

development

programs


Bringing Orissa out of poverty

Development Dialogue

Right:Nearly halfof Orissa’spopulationlived belowthe poverty linein the 1990s

Orissa, one of India’s poorest states, appears to be on the verge of a major socio-economic

transformation. V. J. Ravishankar, Lead Economist for the World Bank in India, probes the

phenomenon.

From being known as the least urbanized

and one of the poorest states, Orissa

has recently emerged as number one in

terms of investment projects under

implementation.

Rapid growth in industry and services, for

domestic sale as well as for export,

promises the creation of employment

opportunities in the private sector at a scale

that Orissa has never witnessed before.

Improved road connectivity and market

linkages promise higher rural incomes for

individual families, as well as groups of

farmers and women. The challenge is to

make sure that the benefits of accelerated

economic growth are shared equitably, both

in geographical and in social terms.

For, despite its rich endowment of mineral

wealth, forests, lakes, rivers and a long

coastline, Orissa has remained among the

poorest of India’s major states. Nearly half

its population lived below the poverty line in

1999. Although poverty declined significantly

during the 1980s, it stalled during the 1990s,

when the rate of economic growth was only

around 4 percent in the state, compared to

around 6 percent in India as a whole.

Economic disparities widened between

Orissa and the rest of India, and also

between coastal Orissa and the largely tribal

hinterland.

There is broad agreement among analysts

that the most essential and urgent condition

required for reducing poverty in Orissa is a

period of rapid, broad-based and sustained

economic growth that can raise agricultural

productivity, as well as expand employment

opportunities outside agriculture, both in the

coastal and interior regions.


Right:Tribalcommunitiesform almostone-fourth ofOrissa’spopulation andare among thepoorest in thestate

Source: CMIE and World Bank Staff Estimates Source: Government of Orissa

Orissa’s poor economic performance in

the past has been due to several factors,

including: (i) small and declining per-capita

land endowments, weak enforcement or lack

of property rights including on hill slopes and

forest land, (ii) inefficient public investment

and management of irrigation in the past;

(iii) poor road connectivity and limited market

access for farmers, along with food

insecurity restricting their willingness to

diversify from paddy cultivation for self-

consumption; (iv) low utilization of mineral

resources, with little or no forward linkage

due to the national freight equalization policy

that annulled the advantage of locating

industry close to the source of raw materials;

(v) a bloated and inefficient public

administration; and (vi) the fiscal crisis,

which prevented the state from financing

high priority development initiatives and

public investments.

Consensus before reform

The present government in the state was

elected in early 2000 and returned to power

in 2004 for a second five-year term. In 2001,

the Government of Orissa issued a White

Paper on the unsustainable fiscal situation

and held a series of broad consultations

with civil society, before launching a

medium-term fiscal correction program.

The adoption of a new Industrial Policy

Resolution in 2001, followed by the Tenth

Five-Year Plan (2002-07), marked the

initiation of a paradigm shift in the state’s

development strategy. From a strategy of

relying on the public sector for job creation

and relying on direct government

interventions for poverty reduction, the

state now regards the private sector and

community groups as the major engines for

accelerating socio-economic development,

with the government playing a more focused

and largely facilitating role.

The new strategy

The new strategy focuses on (i) raising

agricultural productivity through land titling,

participatory irrigation management and the

formation of farmer groups; (ii) improving

market access to small farmers through

public investment in road connectivity and

lifting the state monopoly on agricultural

marketing; (iii) encouraging small farmers

to diversify to higher value crops through

improved extension and strengthened public

food distribution; (iv) encouraging non-farm

business opportunities to be tapped by

women’s self-help groups supported by

micro-credit; and (v) enabling broad-based

industrial growth covering mineral-based

manufacturing, food processing including

fish and fruits, tourism and handicraft

exports, through simplifying entry regulations

and improving the quality of power supplied

by the grid.

The significant improvement in the fiscal

balance achieved during 2001-05 has

created space for stepping up public

investment in infrastructure and human

Gujarat Karnataka Maharashtra Orissa 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

4.0%

2.0%

0.0%

-2.0%

-4.0%

-6.0%

-8.0%

Private Investment Under Implementation

(Annual Average, 2002-2005)

Fiscal Improvement

Primary Fiscal Balance (%GSDP)Rs. Crores


development during 2005-10. The emphasis

of fiscal management is shifting from

correcting the macro imbalance to

addressing the structural and institutional

issues in specific sectors in order to enhance

the quality, effectiveness and results

orientation of public expenditure programs.

Alongside the aim of achieving rapid broad-

based economic growth, Orissa’s

development strategy aims to strengthen

financial accountability and reduce

corruption, and to accelerate outcomes in

education, health and social protection so

as to enhance both opportunity and security

for the poor. The Chief Minister unveiled a

comprehensive Anti-Corruption Action Plan

in December 2005, including preventive

measures, strict enforcement and public

awareness.

The new development strategy promises

high benefits to the population of Orissa

while also posing some significant risks.

The need to mitigate the environmental and

social risks associated with mineral-based

industrial growth has been highlighted by

recent controversies over land acquisition

for such industries. Responding to this need,

the Government of Orissa has released a

draft Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy

and initiated broad consultations with

stakeholders prior to its adoption. Technical

assistance is being provided by the World

Bank and other donors to enhance the

capacity of the state to deal with the

environmental and social risks. This includes

a review of international experiences of

equitable sharing of the benefits of natural

resource based growth.

World Bank in Orissa

The World Bank has a long-standing

engagement with Orissa. Three investment

projects have been recently completed or

are soon to be completed in the power,

health and water resources sectors. A state

roads project and a rural poverty reduction

project are under preparation. In November

2004, the World Bank approved the first

development policy loan of US$ 125 million,

called the Orissa Socio-Economic

Development Loan/Credit, to support the

first phase of the state’s wide-ranging

program of policy reforms and institutional

changes. The second in the series is

currently under preparation and scheduled

to be delivered in May, 2006; it is expected

to be significantly larger than the first.

8

World Bank engagement with Orissa (as of December 2005)

Project Name Approval Closing Amount State ShareDate (US$) % Amt. (US$)

Single State Projects

1. Orissa Health Systems 28.6.1998 31.3.2006 76.4 100 76.4

Sub Total 76.4

National/Multistate Projects

2. Hydrology Project II 24.8.2004 28.2.2011 105 4 4.3

3. Powergrid II 5.3.2001 30.6.2006 450 13 56.3

4. AIDS Prevention and Control II 15.6.1999 31.3.2006 191 1 1.8

5. Women & Child Development 29.6.1998 31.3.2006 274.9 3 6.9

6. Tuberculosis Control 30.1.1997 31.3.2006 129.4 1 1.3

Sub Total 70.6

Total value of portfolio in Orissa (US$ M) 147.0

Right:The Orissagovernment’snewdevelopmentstrategyfocussed onraisingagricultureproductivitythrough a rangeof interventions


Events

WORKSHOP

Cities of Tomorrow: Choices for

Sustainable Public Transport, Air Quality

and Energy

23-24 February 2006 • Gurgaon

WORKSHOP

International Experience in the Use of

Consultations and Communications in

Reform and Infrastructure Projects

15-17 February 2006 • Bangkok

The World Bank helped organize this

international workshop in collaboration

with the International Institute for Energy

Conservation, the International Union for

Public Transport (UITP), the UNDP, and the

Government of India’s Ministries of Urban

Development and of Environment & Forests.

Seventy-six senior government officials

from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh

and senior World Bank staff working on

South Asia returned from a pioneering

workshop in Bangkok last week, convinced

that early and continuous communication

and consultation with stakeholders is vital to

the success of reform and investment

projects in the infrastructure sector.

Discussions at the Workshop on

‘International Experience in the Use of

Consultations and Communications in

Reform and Infrastructure Projects’ were

structured around case studies of actual

ongoing projects, including the Metro Rail

Project in New Delhi, the Jamuna

Multipurpose Bridge in Bangladesh, the

Power Sector Reform Program in India,

Water Sector Reform in Kenya, Public

Enterprise Reform in Madhya Pradesh and

West Bengal, and the Nam Thuen Dam in

Lao PDR. The case studies delineated the

role – or lack of it – of communications and

consultations, prompting the participating

policymakers to recognize the value of

communication as a management tool

integral to operational effectiveness.

“The Workshop has been an eye opener,”

said Yusupha Crookes, the Bank’s Director

for The Energy and Infrastructure Sector in

South Asia. “The execution of infrastructure

projects affects different sets of stakeholders

– some with conflicting interests – and it is

evident that sound communications can be

used to convey these complexities, convince

stakeholders, and in turn, build support for

the projects.”

Right:The Workshopwas attendedby a range ofpolicymakersfrom India,Pakistan andBangladesh,as well assenior WorldBank staff


the execution. We should undertake proper

research and preparation to help us design

clear and honest messages; strategize the

timing of our message delivery and;

subsequently build our constituencies.”

Presentations made at the Workshop are

available at www.worldbank.org.in

BOOK LAUNCH

Cities in a Globalizing World:

Governance, Performance &

Sustainability

3 February 2006Above:A mock-protestorganized byparticipants atthe Workshopwho enacted arole playassumingvariousstakeholders’roles in ahypotheticalinfrastructureproject

The Greenhouse Gas Forum is an annual

event sponsored and hosted by the

World Bank Institute (WBI) in collaboration

with The Energy and Resources Institute

(TERI). The principal objective of the

program is to build capacity of the public

and private sectors to design carbon

mitigation projects. The participants this year

included industry representatives, project

developers, consultants, academic and

research organizations and government bodies.

REGIONAL WORKSHOP

Greenhouse Gas Forum

31 January-1 February 2006 • Delhi

The World bank Institute (WBI), TERI

and the Global Development Network

co-sponsored the India launch of this book

which explores the latest trends in city

development in the era of globalization and

highlights what local governments can do

to attract

investments

and overcome

economic

challenges in

their cities.

Edited by the

Vice President of

WBI, Frannie

Leautier, the

book seeks to

understand the often

highly complex connections among

urbanization, globalization, and governance,

by examining cases where those forces

come together most successfully.

● Also see page 18

The highlight of the workshop was an action-

learning exercise where participants stepped

into the roles of different stakeholder groups

in a hypothetical transport project. So

enthusiastically did they get into their roles

that the Workshop venue saw staged

protests and demonstrations by agitated

‘project affected people’ and ‘activists’, and

a spontaneous attempt to pacify them by

the city’s ‘mayor’ and to buy them off by a

group of ‘businessmen’. The attempt by the

‘project director’ to resolve the conflict by

applying insights gained from the Workshop

was particularly illuminating.

At the conclusion of the Workshop,

participants agreed on key lessons, which

included: (i) recognition for continual

consultation with stakeholders; (ii) the need

to start communication ahead of project

preparation; (iii) to fully understand the

perspectives of the stakeholders; (iv)

choosing the right messages; and (v) the

importance of employing communications

in a consistent and judicious manner.

Organized by the by the World Bank and the

Water and Sanitation Program-South Asia,

and co-sponsored by the Public-Private

Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF),

AusAID and the Netherlands Minister for

Development Cooperation, the Workshop

was aimed at introducing the notion of

consultation and two-way communication in

infrastructure projects and to improve skills in

designing and delivering strategic messages.

Judging by the responses from the

participants, the Workshop achieved its

objectives. Ashfaq Mahmood, Secretary,

Ministry of Water and Power, Government of

Pakistan, said: “Communication should be

embedded in projects, from the inception to


Representatives from NGOs, community-

owned as well as private microfinance

institutions from across India,

representatives from the microfinance

network Sa-Dhan, specialized training

institutions, microfinance venture capitalists,

SIDBI and NABARD officials, state

government officials, and representatives

from the donor community attended the

consultations for a proposed World Bank

project on microfinance. The stakeholders

expressed strong support for the proposed

project, and provided constructive feedback

on various aspects of project design and the

implementation plan. The proposed project

is likely to be presented for approval to the

Bank’s Board of Directors in October 2006.

Youth unemployment is an acute problem

in South Asia. Young adults account for

half of unemployed people. They are also six

times more likely to be jobless than older

workers. To examine these regional

demographic trends and policy challenges,

the World Bank and the India Development

CONSULTATIONS

Stakeholder Workshop for the proposed

India Microfinance Project

25 January 2006 • Delhi

CONSULTATIONS

World Development Report 2007:

Development and the Next Generation

24 January 2006 • Delhi

Right:Member ofParliamentDeependerHoodaaddressing aWorkshop ofyoung adultsfrom India

Below:Participantsin the YouthWorkshop

Foundation organized a two-day workshop

in New Delhi in December, which gathered

development practitioners, policy makers,

academics, NGOs and the corporate sector

from across the region.

The Workshop was part of the global

research for the next issue of the World

Development Report, an annual World Ban

publication which examines the state of the

world. The 2007 edition will focus on youth.

East A

siaSou

th E

ast A

siaSou

th A

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MENA

Sub-S

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frica

3.3 3.44.3

13.9

2.4 2.3

6.3

16.4

7 85.4

12.2

7.810.9

21

6

25.6

16.6

Total Youth Adults

0

Unemployment

5

10

15

20

25

30


WORKSHOP

Procurement of Health Sector

Goods and Services

16-25 January 2006 • Gurgaon

The first program was organized by the

Bank and DFID in partnership with the

Government of India at the Management

Development Institute (MDI) in Gurgaon.

It was attended by over 40 participants from

the Central and state ministries of health

and family welfare, staff from national

health programs and the Medical Stores

Organization, as well as staff from the World

Bank and DFID. P. K. Hota, Secretary in the

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,

attended the opening and closing sessions

where policy issues emerging from the

program were also discussed.

thoughtful use of natural resources and

co-operation, these women were able to

successfully grow diverse crops to feed

not only their families but also provide

work and food for others in their villages –

enough to tide them over during the lean

months and times of drought.

Hanlon says the World Bank decided to

sponsor the radio and TV award this year

to inspire broadcasters to focus more

attention on development and explore

news ways the power of broadcasting

can help in the global fight on poverty.

“From Fallows to Food Baskets

challenges people to think about

development – to think about how with

a few resources and control over their

lands, even the poorest of the poor can

improve their lives,” Hanlon says.

Doordarshan documentary wins World Bank award

Left:DoordarshancorrespondentEmani Krishna Raoreceives the WorldBank-sponsored awardfrom Carl Hanlon,Acting CommunicationsDirector at the Bank,while the runner upfrom South AfricanBroadcasting, ChiefExecutive Dali Mpofu,looks on

The Government of India (GoI) has

evolved a Governance and

Accountability Action Plan (GAAP) to

improve the efficiency, transparency and

quality of the procurement of health sector

goods and services in India. The World Bank

and DFID have been providing technical

assistance to this effort. As part of the

ongoing capacity-building effort, the Bank

and DFID agreed to support a series of

training programs on the issues.

A thought-provoking Doordarshan

documentary, From Fallows to Food

Baskets, which shows village women

using simple techniques to revitalize once

degraded land, has won this year’s

Commonwealth Broadcasting

Association-World Bank Award for

Programmes on Development Issues.

“This is a true development film in every

sense of the word, “says Carl Hanlon,

the World Bank’s Acting Communications

Director, who announced the winner at

the Commonwealth Broadcasting

Association’s awards dinner in Delhi on

16 Febraury 2006.

The documentary tells the story of the

efforts of more than 5,000 women of the

Deccan region in bringing life back to

degraded agricultural land. Through


Power System Development Project

Washington 19 January 2006

The World Bank’s Board approved a

US$400 million loan designed to

strengthen India’s transmission system in

order to increase reliable power exchanges

between the regions and states of the

country

The Government of India has identified the

power sector as key to achieving its goals

of high and sustainable economic growth

and to reduce poverty. However, with peak

time power shortages of 12.1 percent, the

sector is currently inadequately positioned

to support these goals. Further, the goal of

universal access to electricity by 2012 will

require sizable additions to generation,

transmission and distribution capacity.

among users, including states. One of the

key requirements for comprehensive water

resources management is a sound

hydrological data base, which is an essential

prerequisite of modern planning and design

tools.

This Project will extend and promote the

sustained and effective use of the

Hydrological Information System, established

under the India Hydrology-I Project, by water

resource management in 13 states and eight

central agencies covered.

Recent Project Approvals

Recent Project Signings

Hydrology Project II

Delhi 19 January 2006

The Government of India and the World

Bank have signed a loan agreement of

US$105 million for the Hydrology Project

Phase II. Mr. Madhusudan Prasad, Joint

Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs in

the Ministry of Finance, Government of India

signed on behalf of the Government of

India. Mr. Michael F. Carter, World Bank

Country Director, India, signed on behalf of

the World Bank. The other signatories to the

loan agreement included representatives

from the state governments of Andhra

Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat,

Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,

Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa,

Pondicherry, Punjab and Tamil Nadu.

In large parts of the country, fresh water

resources available per person are reducing;

groundwater levels are falling; and the water

quality is deteriorating. These stresses have

led to competing demands and disputes

“India continues to face severe power

shortages that translate into substantial

losses to the economy. It stifles development

of industry and commerce, increases the

cost of doing business, and reduces

productivity,” said Michael Carter, World

Bank Country Director for India. “The reform

agenda is a complex one; while progress has

been mixed, this project will help realize the

goal of optimal utilization of electricity

resources across the country.

This Project will improve service delivery of

the Power Grid Corporation of India by

strengthening the transmission system in the

power deficit regions and increasing inter-

regional transmission capacity; and

developing institutional capacity to facilitate

the implementation of open access and

inter-regional trading.


Himachal Pradesh Mid-Himalayan

Watershed Development Project

Delhi 19 January 2006

The Government of India and the World

Bank have signed a credit agreement of

US$60 million for the Himachal Pradesh

Mid-Himalayan Watershed Development

Project. Mr. Madhusudan Prasad, Joint

Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs in

the Ministry of Finance, signed on behalf of

the Government of India. Mr. Ashok Thakur,

Principal Secretary, Forests, signed on

behalf of the Government of Himachal

Pradesh. Mr. Michael F. Carter, World Bank

Country Director, India, signed on behalf of

the World Bank.

The Project is designed to assist the

Government of Himachal Pradesh reverse

degradation of its natural resource base,

improve the productive potential of natural

resources, and boost rural incomes. Despite

the growing importance of tourism and

hydropower, the economy of Himachal

Pradesh remains largely agrarian. Nine out

of 10 households are rural, and most of

these live in small settlements,, typically

located in remote valleys. Around 28 percent

of the state’s six million residents live below

the poverty line. Constraints to rural

development include rugged topography

and poor access to social and economic

services.

“Himachal Pradesh has shown a consistent

commitment to increase productivity of rural

areas while preserving its natural heritage,”

said Michael Carter, World Bank Country

Director for India. “This operation will

support policy and institutional development

to improve management of watersheds,

while enhancing livelihood opportunities of

the poor across the state.”

Wanted: Your Practical Ideas

The World Bank and its partners inviteyouth between 18 to 25 to participate in

an International Essay Competition 2006 toshare your experience and ideas oncommunity work and participation in publiclife. Choose one topic:

How do you contribute to solving communityproblems?How do you influence decision-making?

Top essay winners will be awarded cashprizes of between US$1,000 and US$5,000.The deadline for submission is 2 April 2006.

Finalists will be invited to present their essayto the Jury during the ABCDE Conferencein Tokyo, in May 2006.

The submission process is entirelyweb-based, via the websitewww.essaycompetition.org

Winning entries for the 2005 Competitionon Building A Secure Future: SeekingPractical Solutions can be read on thesame website.

First Annual Private SectorDevelopment Research Competition

The International Finance Corporation ofthe World Bank Group and the Financial

Times (FT) invite entries for the firstinternational private sector developmentresearch paper competition for 2005-2006on “Business and Development: ThePrivate Path to Prosperity”.

The competition seeks to promote thebest thinking on the role of business indevelopment. Papers should add to theglobal discussion on private sectordevelopment and economic growth byproviding new and innovative analyses,perspectives, or ideas.

Six awards will be granted to the top papersas judged by the Awards Committee:

Gold Award US$30,0002 Silver Awards each US$15,0003 Bronze Awards each US$10,000

All papers must be submitted in Englishand have a maximum of 4,000 words.Abstracts must have a maximum of 300words. All entries must be received on orbefore June 30th, 2006.

Terms and Conditions available athttp://www.ifc.org/competition

Essay Competitions


New Additions to thePublic Information Center

This is a select listing of recent World Bank publications, working papers, operationaldocuments and other information resources that are now available at the New Delhi Office

Public Information Center. Policy Research Working Papers, Project Appraisal Documents,Project Information Documents and other reports can be downloaded in pdf format from‘Documents and Reports’ at www.worldbank.org

Publications may be consulted and copiesof unpriced items obtained from:

The World Bank PIC70 Lodi EstateNew Delhi -110 003

Tel: 011-2461 7241Fax: 011-2461 9393

Internet: www-wds.worldbank.orgEmail: [email protected]

To order priced publications

Allied Publishers Ltd.751 Mount RoadChennai - 600 002

Tel: 044-852 3938Fax: 044-852 0649Email: [email protected]

BookwellHead Office2/72 Nirankari ColonyDelhi - 110 009

Tel: 011-2725 1283

Sales Office:24/4800 Ansari RoadDarya GanjNew Delhi - 110 002

Tel: 011-2326 8786, 2325 7264Fax: 011-2328 1315Email: [email protected]

Anand Associates1219 Stock Exchange Tower12th Floor Dalal StreetMumbai - 400 023

Tel: 022-2272 3065/66Fax: 022-2272 3067Email: [email protected]: www.myown.org

Team Spirit (India) Pvt. Ltd.B - 1 Hirak CentreSardar Patel ChowkNehru Park, VastrapurAhmedabad - 380 015

Tel: 079-676 4489

Email: [email protected]

India Publications

15

India’s Water Economy: Bracing for a TurbulentFuture

Price: Free!English Paperback 102 pagesPublished December 2005Report No. 34750

India faces a turbulent water future. The currentwater development and management system is notsustainable; unless dramatic changes are made in theway in which government manages water. India willhave neither the cash to maintain and build newinfrastructure, nor the water required for the economyand for people. This Report examines the India’s waterresource management, it describes the achievementsof the past, and the looming set of challenges. TheReport suggests what changes should be consideredand how to manage the transition from the ways of thepast to the ways of the future in a principled butpragmatic manner.

India: Water Supply and Sanitation: Bridging theGap Between Infrastructure and Service

Vol. 1 - Main Report; Vol. 2 - Background Paper UrbanWater Supply and Sanitation; Vol. 3 - BackgroundPaper Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

Price: Free!English Paperback 3 Vol.Published January 2006

India is making goodprogress in increasingaccess to water supplyand sanitation (WSS)services in both urban andrural areas, but is laggingbehind expanding accessto service that is reliable,sustainable and affordable.

This Report analyses the main reasons for the gapbetween infrastructure and service and presents aseries of recommendations for gradually improving thereliability, sustainability and affordability for the WSSservice. It draws on the findings of two backgroundpapers on the urban and rural WSS sectors.


India Policy Research Working Papers

WPS3852The welfare effects of slum improvement programs:the case of MumbaiBy Antonio Bento, Maureen Cropper and Akie Takeuchi

The authors compare the welfare effects of in situ slumupgrading programs with programs that provide slumdwellers with better housing in a new location.Evaluating the welfare effects of slum upgrading and

resettlement programs requires estimating models ofresidential location choice, in which households tradeoff commuting costs against the cost and attributesof the housing they consume, including neighborhoodattributes.

The authors accomplish this using data for 5,000households in Mumbai, a city in which 40 percent ofthe population live in slums. The precise welfare effectsof resettlement programs depend on assumptionsmade about the ease with which workers can changejobs and also on the ethnic characteristics ofneighborhoods in which new housing is located.To illustrate this point the authors consider a realisticslum upgrading program that could be offered toresidents in their sample living in east Mumbai.

They summarize the effects of job opportunities andneighborhood composition on welfare by mappinghow compensating variation for the program changesdepending on where in Mumbai improved housing islocated. If program beneficiaries continue working intheir original job, the set of welfare-enhancing locationsfor the upgrading program is small. The set increasesgreatly if it is assumed that workers can change jobs.The benefits of this program are contrasted with thebenefits of in situ housing improvements.

16

Transformation of India Post for Vision 2020Vol.1 – Executive Summary and Presentation SynopsisVol.2 - Presentations

By World BankPrice: Free!English Paperback 2Vol.Published December 2005

Rajasthan: Closing the Development Gap

English Paperback 115 p.Published January 2006Report No. 32585-IN

Rajasthan made impressiveprogress during the 1980sand 1990s. The economydiversified significantly andgrowth rate accelerated.School enrollment, literacyand life expectancyincreased markedly, while

gender inequity decreased. Poverty headcountdeclined by more than half. However, new challengeshave emerged since 1999, threatening the progress ineconomic growth, social development and povertyreduction. Recognizing these challenges, theGovernment of Rajasthan has started implementingpolicy reforms to address them.

This Report, prepared at the request of the stategovernment, contributes to the dialogue between thegovernment, private sector and civil society onRajasthan’s development prospects and priorities.It seeks to inform stakeholders about policy issuesconfronting the state and assistance strategy that canbest serve its interests.

Other Publications

Access for All: Building Inclusive Financial Systems

By Brigit Helms

Price: $ 30.00English 184 pagesPublished January 2006ISBN: 0-8213-6360-3SKU: 16360

In the past 10 years, theworld of microfinance haschanged dramatically.The field has moved rapidlyfrom early innovations inproviding loans to help

poor entrepreneurs start businesses to a bold vision ofcreating entire financial systems that work for the poor.

Microfinance has proven to be an effective tool forreducing poverty and helping poor people to improvetheir lives. And yet a diverse range of potential clientsstill lack access to an array of financial services – notjust credit for enterprise but also a safe place to save,the ability to transfer funds to family members,insurance against sickness or other householddisasters, and other ways to mitigate risk invulnerability.

The challenge today is to engage more types ofdistribution systems, more technologies and moretalent to create financial systems that work for thepoor and boost their contribution to economic growth.This title explains what this new vision of microfinancemeans in practical, non-technical terms.


Globalization for Development: Trade, Finance,Aid, Migration, and Policy

By Ian Goldin andKenneth Reinert

Price: $ 30.00English 328 pagesPublished January 2006by Palgrave Macmillanand World BankISBN: 0-8213-6274-7SKU: 16274

This book explores therelationship betweenglobalization and povertyreduction and development.

It identifies the ways in which globalization canovercome poverty or make it worse. Defining the bighistorical trends, the book identifies main globalflows – trade, finance, aid, migration, and ideas –and examines how each can contribute to undermineeconomic development. By considering what helpsand what does not, the book presents policyrecommendations to make globalization more effectiveas a vehicle for shared growth and prosperity.

17

Climate Variability and Water ResourcesDegradation in Kenya: Improving Water ResourcesDevelopment and Management

By Hezron Mogaka,Samuel Gichere, RichardDavis and Rafik Hirji

Price: $ 15.00English Paperback128 pagesPublished January 2006ISBN: 0-8213-6517-7SKU: 16517

The report, based ona complex analyticalmethodology, provides

a clear economic rationale for investing in improvedwater resources development and management inKenya. It is part of the World Bank’s policy dialogue onwater resources management reforms and investmentplanning in Kenya. It focuses on the economicimplications of two key factors that make the economyand people of Kenya highly vulnerable – the effects ofclimate variability and the steady degradation of thenation’s water resources.

The 1997-2000 El Nino-La Nina episodes cost thecountry Ksh 290 billion, about 14 percent of GDPduring the three-year period. Given their regularity,over the long term, floods and droughts are estimatedto cost the economy about Ksh 16 billion per annum(2.4 percent of GDP). This is a very serious drag on thecountry’s economic performance.

Water resources degradation costs the country at leastKsh 3.3 billion (0.5 percent GDP) annually. The longterm annual impact of 2.9 percent of GDP from these

two factors has been developed conservatively. Whileit is not economic to avoid all costs, many of them canbe minimized by increased investment in managementand infrastructure and more efficient, accountable,and participatory management and operation of thewater resource sector.

Approaches to Private Participation in WaterServices: A Toolkit

By PPIAF and World Bank

Price: $ 50.00English Hardback344 pagesPublished January 2006ISBN: 0-8213-6111-2SKU: 16111

This informative toolkitprovides options fordesigning policies tofacilitate the delivery of

good quality water and sanitation services to the poor.It highlights the need for tariffs, investment,stakeholder consultation, and regulatory policies toaddress the affordability and sustainability of thoseservices.

Targeted to an audience that includes governmentadvisors as well as consultants, lawyers, and donors,the toolkit builds on previous global experience inprivate participation in water and sanitation supply.

Empowerment in Practice: From Analysis toImplementation

By Ruth Alsop, MetteBertelsen and JeremyHolland

Price: $ 35.00English Paperback388 pagesPublished December 2005ISBN: 0-8213-6450-2SKU: 16450

This book represents aneffort to present an easilyaccessible framework to

readers, especially those for whom empowermentremains a puzzling development concern, conceptuallyand in application. The book is divided into two parts.Part 1 explains how the empowerment framework canbe used for understanding, measuring, monitoring, andoperationalizing empowerment policy and practice.Part 2 presents summaries of each of the five countrystudies, using them to discuss how the empowermentframework can be applied in very different countryand sector contexts and what lessons can be learnedfrom these test cases. While this book can offer onlya limited empirical basis for the positive associationbetween empowerment and development outcomes,it does add to the body of work supporting theexistence of such a relationship.

~ ~


Bridging Diversity: Participatory Learning forResponsive Development

By Lawrence F. Salmenand Eileen Kane

Price: $ 25.00English Paperback 6 x 9Published January 2006ISBN: 0-8213-6336-0SKU: 16336

Today, one of the centraltenets of developmentis the necessity for learningabout and building uponstakeholders’ and

beneficiaries’ insights, needs, culture, socialorganization, resources and active participation.Bridging Diversity clarifies the myriad approaches tosocial research being used in the World Bank today.

The focus is on participatory research as presentlypracticed and as a potential for forms of researchwhich are not now particularly participatory.It makes a number of recommendations to enhance theutility of social research in and outside of the Bank.

A Comparative Analysis of School-basedManagement in Central America

By Emanuela Di Gropello

Price: $ 10.00English Paperback72 pagesPublished January 2006ISBN: 0-8213-6525-8 SKU: 16525

TradeCAN 2005: Database Tool to AnalyzeInternational Competitiveness

By World Bank, ECLAC

Price: $ 395.00English CD-ROMPublished January 2006ISBN: 0-8213-5940-1SKU: 15940

TradeCAN 2005 is acomprehensive database

and versatile toolbox for the analysis of thecompetitiveness of nations. It is based on the officialUN international trade statistics, using the four-digitstandard international trade classification. It covers theperiod 1985-2002 for all exporter countries andincorporates 90 percent of world trade.

TradeCAN 2005 contains a user-friendly interface thatallows rapid data retrieval and easy report preparation.The “Exercises Guide” provides essential informationregarding origin and coverage of the dataset, formulas,and more. The set of exercises is designed so thereader becomes familiar with the system by using itand it guides users step by step through the query andreport options.

Cities in a Globalizing World: Governance,Performance, and Sustainability

Edited by Frannie Leautier

Price: $ 20.00English Paperback144 pagesISBN: 0-8213-6553-3SKU: 16553

According to World Bankresearch, 55 percent of theworld’s population will livein urban areas by 2020.Almost 94 percent of the

increase will occur in developing countries. This trendwill reshape the world and make cities compete for askilled labor force and potential investors. How dopressures of globalization affect the quality of life in acity? What makes some cities prosper in this newenvironment, while others seem to stagnate? Answersto these and many other pertinent questions are attemptedto be found in this book.

The book explores the latest trends in city developmentin the era of globalization and highlights what localgovernments can do to attract investments andovercome economic challenges in their cities. It seeksto understand the often highly complex connectionsamong urbanization, globalization, and governance,by examining cases where those forces come togethermost successfully.

A New Social Contract for Peru: An Agenda forImproving Education, Health Care, and the SocialSafety Net

By World Bank

Edited by Daniel CotlearPrice: $ 35.00English Paperback328 pagesPublished January 2006ISBN: 0-8213-6567-3SKU: 16567

The main conclusion ofthe book is that, while Peruhas made significantprogress in both education

and health care, there remain significant challenges toachieving greater equity and better quality of services,particularly for the poor. The book finds that Peruhas achieved high levels of coverage in all levels ofeducation and in some programs of basic health careand of social assistance. Still, the average quality ofmost of these programs is low, and health andeducation outcomes are extremely inequitable.

The book recommends three types of interventions:(a) quality standards and quantitative goals need tobe set, (b) accountability chains need to be establishedso that providers take responsibility for their services;and (c) investments are needed to create and sustainthe capacity to reach these goals.

18


Where Is the Wealth of Nations? MeasuringCapital for the 21st Century

By World Bank

Price: $ 25.00English Paperback208 pagesPublished December2005 by 1st BooksLibraryISBN: 0-8213-6354-9SKU: 16354

The book presentsestimates of total wealthfor nearly 120 countries,

using economic theory to decompose the wealth ofa nation into its component pieces: producedcapital, natural resources and human resources.The wealth estimates provide a unique opportunityto look at economic management froma broader and comprehensive perspective.

The book’s basic tenet is that economicdevelopment can be conceived as a process ofportfolio management, so that sustainabilitybecomes an integral part of economic policymaking. The rigorous analysis, presented inaccessible format, tackles issues such as growth,development and equity.

Where is the Wealth of Nations? is organized in foursections. The first part introduces the wealthestimates and highlights the main facts on the leveland composition of wealth across countries. Thesecond part analyzes changes in wealth and howthey matter for economic policy. The third part dealswith the level of wealth, its composition and links togrowth and inequality. The last part reviews existingapplications of resource and environmentalaccounting.

World Development Report 1978-2006 withSelected World Development Indicators 2005(single user): Indexed Omnibus CD-ROM Edition

By World Bank

Price: $ 250.00English CD-ROMPublishedDecember 2005ISBN: 0-8213-6252-6SKU: 16252

The World DevelopmentReport, published by the

World Bank annually since 1978, contains a wealthof information on the economic and social state ofthe world. This omnibus CDROM edition includesthe text of all 28 editions. Contents are fully indexedand cross-referenced for easy searching acrossvolumes. Selected indicators from WorldDevelopment Indicators 2005 with multiple displayand data export options are also included.

Consumer Participation in Infrastructure Regulation:Evidence from the East Asia and Pacific Region

By Elisa Muzzini


Consumer Participationin Infrastructure Regulationdraws on results of a surveyquestionnaire conductedamong 45 infrastructure

regulators in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region.It finds that EAP regulators have successfully begun toinvolve consumers in the regulatory process: Consumerrepresentation is a well-established practice in theregion; and regulators draw on standard mechanismsto inform consumers, resolve consumer complaints,and solicit consumer input. However, regulators musttake further actions to firmly move up the “ladder ofconsumer engagement,” from merely providinginformation to actively consulting with consumers. Inparticular, consumer participation would benefit frommore open disclosure policies, more effective strategiesto reach out to the poor, and tighter regulatoryintervention to hold service providers accountable forresolving consumer complaints.

Consensus, Confusion, and Controversy: SelectedLand Reform Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa

By Rogier van den Brink,Hans Binswanger,John W. Bruce, GlenThomas and FrankByamugisha


This paper therefore isin two parts. The first part focuses on property rights,giving a short narrative of some of the key land tenureand land policy issues. Though these issues remainpolitically sensitive, a solid consensus is emerging onhow to deal with them – but only once the confusionis cleared up surrounding private common propertyand formal and informal rights.

The second part addresses redistributive land reform –the redistribution of property rights in land from largeto small farmers. A heightened sense of urgencysurrounds the need to address land redistribution,especially in the former settler coloniesin southern Africa, but controversy exists regardingthe appropriate implementation mechanisms.

19


The study highlights the case of South Africa,because success there would have tremendousregional and international implications for landredistribution. A policy framework for redistributiveland reform is outlined, within which the competingparadigms compete where it actually matters –on the ground.

The Effectiveness of World Bank Support forCommunity-Based and - Driven Development: AnOED Evaluation

By Nalini Kumar, Anju Vajja,Barbara Pozzoni andGeorge Garner Woodall

Price: $ 28.00English PaperbackISBN: 0-8213-6390-5SKU: 16390

Participatory approachesthat involve localcommunities in their owndevelopment have gained

substantial support among international donors overthe past quarter-century and have become increasinglyimportant in the work of the World Bank. This is anevaluation by the Bank’s independent evaluation division.

Uttaranchal Rural Water Supply and SanitationProject

Date 16 February 2006Project ID P083187Report No. AB1576 (Project Information Document)

AC1530 (Integrated Safeguards DataSheet)

Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernizationand Water Resources Management Project

Date 07 February 2006Project ID P090768Report No. AC1924 (Integrated Safeguards Data

Sheet)

Himachal Pradesh State Roads Project

Date 16 January 2006Project ID P096019Report No. AB2081 (Project Information Document)


National Agricultural Innovation Project

Date 03 January 2006Project ID P092735Report No. AB2017 (Project Information Document)


India Project Documents

20

Latest on the B-SPAN

Integrated Watershed Development Project

Date 23 December 2005Project ID P041264Report No. 34384 (Implementation CompletionReport)

The Orissa Socio-economic DevelopmentProgram

Date 21 December 2005Project ID P081882Report No. 32765 (Implementation Completion

Report)

Third Power System Development Project

Date 15 December 2005Project ID P086414Report No. 31884 (Project Appraisal Document)

Gujarat Urban Development Program Project

Date 15 December 2005Project ID P094722Report No. AC1876 (Integrated Safeguards Data

Sheet)

National Agricultural Technology Project

Date 12 December 2005Project ID P010561Report No. 34385 (Implementation Completion

Report)

Agriculture Development Project

Date 28 November 2005Project ID P010407Report No. 34578 (Project Performance Assessment

Report)

B-SPAN is an Internet-based broadcasting servicethat presents World Bank seminars, workshops, andconferences on a variety of sustainable developmentand poverty reduction issues. It can be accessed athttp://info.worldbank.org/etools/bspan

Integrating Local Knowledge into Natural ResourceManagement ProjectsBuilding NRM Capacity and Institutions at Eco-systemLevelJanuary 17, 2006

Because many environmental projects develop mosteffectively when based on local knowledge, insteadof as a complete replacement, using indigenousknowledge has become a highly effective strategy.This videoconference brought many such projectstogether, so that they could share their approachesand what they had learned.


Latest on the Web

Civil Societyhttp://www.worldbank.org/civilsociety

In line with the Bank’s efforts to communicate moreactively with the civil society community around theworld, this new website has been set up to house data,reports, and information on policy dialogues,consultation processes and events. It currently featuresa number of issues and stories of interest to civilsociety, including:

● Tsunami re-construction efforts undertaken by theBank in collaboration with CSOs;

● Recent videoconference discussion betweenPresident Wolfowitz and CSO representatives fromColombia, Germany, Mali,Pakistan, Poland and Zambia;

● World Bank’s civil society engagement efforts at theWTO Ministerial Meeting in Hong Kong in December2005; and

21

Global Issues Seminar: Human Development:Malnutrition and HungerJanuary 18, 2006

There may be no more fundamental human right thanfood and nutrition, but it remains the largest worldwidecause of infant mortality. More than 30 percent of thedeveloping world is malnourished, and nearly one-thirdof children in developing countries are underweight orsuffer from stunted growth. This lecture from the GlobalIssues Seminar Series seeks to explore the problemsof malnutrition and hunger.

ABCDE ConferenceJanuary 18, 2006

The Annual Bank Conference on DevelopmentEconomics (ABCDE) serves as a leading gathering forknowledge regarding the workings of development andtakes place twice per year. For the theme of “BeyondTransition,” ABCDE met in St. Petersburg, Russia, onJanuary 18–19, 2006.

Global Issues Seminar: Human Development:Access to WaterJanuary 25, 2006

Although the world’s surface is 70 percent water,it is still a growing problem for natural resourcemanagement. Diverted rivers, dams, and drainedwetlands are only a few of the difficulties affecting theglobal water supply. To discuss the issue, studentsfrom the Central European University, AmericanUniversity of Beirut, University of Amsterdam,University of Ghana, Sofia University, SussexUniversity, and several Washington, D.C. area schoolsjoined the seminar, either at the Bank’s mainheadquarters or by videoconference.

● Suspension of World Bank financing to Chaddue to amendments of the Petroleum RevenueManagement Law which would compromisepoverty reduction efforts.

WPS3856Creating an efficient financial system: Challengesin a global economyBy Thorsten Beck

WPS3855African small and medium enterprises, networks,and manufacturing performanceBy Manju Kedia Shah and Tyler Biggs

WPS3854Competitive implications of cross-border bankingBy Stijn Claessens

WPS3853Immigration policy and foreign population inSwitzerlandBy Dominique M. Gross,

WPS3852The welfare effects of slum improvement programs:The case of MumbaiBy Antonio Bento, Maureen Cropper and Akie Takeuchi

WPS3851The return to firm investment in human capitalBy Pedro Carneiro and Rita Almeida

WPS3850Do regional trade pacts benefit the poor? Anillustration from the Dominican Republic-CentralAmerican Free Trade Agreement in NicaraguaBy Yoko Niimi and Maurizio Bussolo

WPS3849Determinants of deposit-insurance adoptionand designBy Luc Laeven, Edward J. Kane andAsli Demirguc-Kunt

WPS3848Doha merchandise trade reform: What’s at stakefor developing countries?By Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, Will Martinand Kym Anderson

WB Policy Research Working Papers


WPS3847Environmental federalism: A panacea or Pandora’sbox for developing countries?By Jim R. Wollscheid, Muthukumara Mani andPer G. Fredriksson

WPS3846New product technology, accumulation, and growthBy Faruk A. Khan

WPS3845Access to finance by Chilean corporationsBy Sophie Sirtaine

WPS3844Who gets AIDS and how? The determinants ofHIV infection and sexual behaviors in Burkina Faso,Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and TanzaniaBy Damien de Walque

WPS3843Regional subsidies and industrial prospects oflagging regionsBy Christopher Timmins, Somik V. Lall andAlexandre Carvalho

WPS3842Does migration reshape expenditures in ruralhouseholds? Evidence from MexicoBy Jorge Mora and J. Edward Taylor

WPS3841Export led growth, pro-poor or not? Evidence fromMadagascar’s textile and apparel industryBy Alessandro Nicita

WPS3840Estimating trade restrictiveness indicesBy Marcelo Olarreaga, Alessandro Nicita andHiau Looi Kee

WPS3839The case for industrial policy: A critical surveyBy Kamal Saggi and Howard Pack

WPS3838Remittances and poverty in GhanaBy Jr. Richard H. Adams

WPS3837The impact of regional trade agreements and tradefacilitation in the Middle East and North Africa regionBy Allen Dennis

WPS3836Trade, inequality, and the political economy ofinstitutionsBy Andrei A. Levchenko and Quy-Toan Do

WPS3835The urban unbanked in Mexico and the United StatesBy John P. Caskey, Clemente Ruiz Duran and TovaMaria Solo

WPS3834Access to financial services in Colombia: The“unbanked” in BogotaBy Astrid Manroth and Tova Maria Solo

WPS3833Structural change and poverty reduction in Brazil:The impact of the Doha RoundBy Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, Jann Lay andMaurizio Bussolo

WPS3832Entering the Union: European accession andcapacity-building prioritiesBy Harry G. Broadman, Xubei Luo and John S. Wilson

WPS3831Exploring the linkages between poverty, marineprotected area management, and the use ofdestructive fishing gear in TanzaniaBy Patricia Silva

WPS3830International benchmarking of South Africa’sinfrastructure performanceBy Johannes W. Fedderke and Zeljko Bogetic

WPS3829Forecasting investment needs in South Africa’selectricity and telecommunications sectorsBy Johannes W. Fedderke and Zeljko Bogetic

WPS3828Can guest worker schemes reduce illegal migration?By Aaditya Mattoo and Mohammad Amin

WPS3827Financial performance and outreach: A globalanalysis of leading microbanksBy Jonathan Morduch, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Robert Cull

WPS3826Incomplete contracts and investment: A study of landtenancy in PakistanBy Ghazala Mansura and Hanan G. Jacoby

WPS3825International benchmarking of Lesotho’sinfrastructure performanceBy Zeljko Bogetic

WPS3824Corruption and decentralized public governanceBy Anwar Shah

WPS3823Nonlinear effects of altitude on child growth in Peru:A multilevel analysisBy Michele Gragnolati and Alessandra Marini

WPS3822Telecommunications performance, reforms, andgovernanceBy Marco Manacorda, Ana Goicoechea andAntonio Estuche

WPS3821Assessing debt sustainability in emerging marketeconomies using stochastic simulation methodsBy Philippe Karam and Doug Hostland

WPS3820How important are financing constraints?The role of finance in the business environment

22


By Vojislav Maksimovic, Asli Demirguc-Kunt andMeghana Ayyagari

WPS3819Lobbying and agricultural trade policy in the UnitedStatesBy Bernard Hoekman and Kishore Gawande

WPS3818The use of willingness to pay experiments: Estimatingdemand for piped water connections in Sri LankaBy George Van Houtven, Caroline van den Berg,Subhrendu K. Pattanayak and Jui-Chen Yang

WPS3817Unpackaging demand for water service quality:Evidence from conjoint surveys in Sri LankaBy Kelly Jones, Caroline van den Berg, F. Reed Jonson,Carol Mansfield, Subhrendu K. Pattanayak and Jui-Chen Yang

WPS3816Inequality of opportunity and economic developmentBy Michael Walton and Francisco H. G. Ferreira

WPS3815Getting real about inequality: Evidence from Brazil,Colombia, Mexico, and PeruBy Luis Serven, Humberto Lopez and Edwin Goni

WPS3814A normal relationship? Poverty, growth, andinequalityBy Luis Serven and Humberto Lopez

WPS3813Preferential trading in South AsiaBy Nihal Pitigala, Arvind Panagariya and Tercan Baysan

WPS3812Fiscal responsibility legislation and fiscal adjustment:The case of Brazilian local governmentsBy Luiz de Mello

WPS3811Non-farm activity and rural income inequality: A casestudy of two provinces in ChinaBy Xubei Luo and Nong Zhu

WPS3810Tracking poverty over time in the absence ofcomparable consumption dataBy David Stifel and Luc Christiaensen

WPS3809Do standards matter for export success?By John S. Wilson, Tsunehiro Otsuki and MaggieXiaoyang Chen

WPS3808Network effects of the productivity of infrastructure indeveloping countriesBy Christophe Hurlin

WPS3807Releasing constraints to growth or pushing on astring? The impact of credit, training, businessassociations, and taxes on the performance ofMexican micro-firms

23

By Gabriel V. Montes Rojas, William F. Maloney andPablo Fajnzylber

WPS3806Two decades of reform: The changing organizationdynamics of Chinese industrial firmsBy Kaoru Nabeshima and Shahid Yusuf

WPS3805Di Bao: A guaranteed minimum income in urbanChina?By Youjuan Wang, Martin Ravallion and Shaohua Chen

WPS3804Disinflation, fiscal sustainability, and labor marketadjustment in TurkeyBy Erinc Yeldan, Mathew Verghis, Henning Tarp Jensenand Pierre-Richard Agenor

WPS3803How substitutable is natural capital?By Suzette Pedroso-Galinato and Anil Markandya

WPS3802Sugar in the Caribbean: Adjusting to erodingpreferencesBy Donald Mitchell

WPS3801Neither a borrower nor a lender: Does China’s zeronet foreign asset position make economic sense?By Aart Kraay and David Dollar

WPS3800Is formal lifelong learning a profitable investment forall of life? How age, education level, and flexibility ofprovision affect rates of return to adult education inColombiaBy Andreas Blom and Thomas Pave Sohnesen

WPS3799Pending issues in protection, productivity growth,and poverty reductionBy Andreas Blom, Mariano Bosch, WendyCunningham, Ariel Fiszbein, Gladys Lopez Acevedo,William Maloney et.al.

WPS3798What have we learned from a decade ofmanufacturing enterprise surveys in Africa?By Arne Bigsten and Mans Soderbom

WPS3797Taking the bad with the good: Volatility of foreignportfolio investment and financial constraints of smallfirmsBy April M. Knill

WPS3796Can foreign portfolio investment bridge the small firmfinancing gap around the world?By April M. Knill

WPS3795A more complete conceptual framework for financingof small and medium enterprisesBy Allen N. Berger and Gregory F. Udell

~

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