World Between the WarsWorld Between the Wars

Colonialism suffers as European powers suffer Colonialism suffers as European powers suffer prestige/power lossprestige/power loss

Treaty of Versailles allows for nationalism in Treaty of Versailles allows for nationalism in Europe via new countries not elsewhereEurope via new countries not elsewhere

How much is world going to enforce the *** How much is world going to enforce the *** Germany idea of the Treaty?Germany idea of the Treaty?

GREAT DEPRESSIONGREAT DEPRESSION Rise of aggressive totalitarian governments in Rise of aggressive totalitarian governments in

Germany, S. Union, Japan, ItalyGermany, S. Union, Japan, Italy

Economic Indicators?Economic Indicators?

Great Depression Affects WorldGreat Depression Affects World

Begins with collapse of N.Y. stock market in 1929 Begins with collapse of N.Y. stock market in 1929 overspeculation in stocks inflates valueoverspeculation in stocks inflates value

World responds with new tariffs increased barriers to World responds with new tariffs increased barriers to tradetrade

Most countries in Western world respond with classic Most countries in Western world respond with classic laissez-faire approachlaissez-faire approach

Great Depression worsens-many countries in world Great Depression worsens-many countries in world look for new economic/political answerslook for new economic/political answers

Communism? Fascism? New type of Democracy? Communism? Fascism? New type of Democracy? More government involvement?More government involvement?

John Maynard KeynesJohn Maynard Keynes

Professor of economics has different take on Professor of economics has different take on depressionsdepressions

Governments should deficit spendGovernments should deficit spend Put money into hands of common working Put money into hands of common working

people and encourage them to spendpeople and encourage them to spend Spending will build world out of depressionSpending will build world out of depression ““Prime the pump”Prime the pump” Leads to New Deal in U.S. and more govt. Leads to New Deal in U.S. and more govt.

spending in other countriesspending in other countries

GermanyGermany

►Weimar Republic established after warWeimar Republic established after war►Difficulties dealing with humiliation in Difficulties dealing with humiliation in

Germany of Treaty of VersaillesGermany of Treaty of Versailles►Economic issues such as inflation and Economic issues such as inflation and

after G.Depression dramatic after G.Depression dramatic unemploymentunemployment

►Extreme German nationalism argued Extreme German nationalism argued by National Socialist Partyby National Socialist Party

NAZI PartyNAZI Party

► Hitler and new party draw on worker discontent Hitler and new party draw on worker discontent and tap into nationalism to spark movementand tap into nationalism to spark movement

► Hitler arrested in early 1920’s writes Mein Hitler arrested in early 1920’s writes Mein Kampf in prisonKampf in prison

► Hatred and blame of Jews, Communists and Hatred and blame of Jews, Communists and French and argues for French and argues for lebensraumlebensraum or right to or right to spread German empirespread German empire

► 1933 Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany 1933 Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany after successful democratic electionsafter successful democratic elections

Total Power in German StateTotal Power in German State

► Government begins to wipe out political Government begins to wipe out political dissentdissent

► Build up German unity and mass supportBuild up German unity and mass support► Rearmament program for military startedRearmament program for military started► Schools and churches brought under Schools and churches brought under

government controlgovernment control► Laws discriminating against Jews in marriage-Laws discriminating against Jews in marriage-► Kristallnact-Kristallnact-night of the broken glass Nazi night of the broken glass Nazi

party members vandalize Jewish businesses party members vandalize Jewish businesses and homes 1938and homes 1938

Germany violates TreatyGermany violates Treaty

► Refuses to pay reparationsRefuses to pay reparations► Reoccupies area lost from warReoccupies area lost from war► Builds up military going against TreatyBuilds up military going against Treaty► Britain and France warn Germany to ceaseBritain and France warn Germany to cease► Germany occupies Austria and Sudetenland in Germany occupies Austria and Sudetenland in

Czechoslovakia-1938 claiming all Germans should Czechoslovakia-1938 claiming all Germans should be part of Greater Germanybe part of Greater Germany

► Famous Munich Conference N.Chamberlain meets Famous Munich Conference N.Chamberlain meets with Hitler “we have peace for our time”with Hitler “we have peace for our time”

► AppeasementAppeasement- Western powers warning but not - Western powers warning but not taking military action leads Hitler to believe west taking military action leads Hitler to believe west will not fightwill not fight

ItalyItaly

• IL Duce- the leader of Italy Benito Mussolini• First Fascist Government in Europe in 1920’s• Far to the right on political spectrum but still

totalitarian government• Italy never as unified powerful or totalitarian as

Germany or S. Union• Famous event in 1930’s of Italian expansion into

Ethiopia classic example of developed vs. developing country- Italy falters

Soviet Union

Lenin dies in 1924 soon after Civil War leaves Bolsheviks/Reds/Communists in chargePower struggle between Stalin and Trotsky- Lenin wanted TrotskyStalin brutal absolute power of state Man of SteelOrganizes five year plans to transform ag. Country into industrial countryCollectivization and steel output increase but millions starved in S. UnionForced labor camps in Siberia where most old Bolsheviks, political opponents and many killed

Japan

Follows similar path with GermanyFormation of unified nation-state in middle of 19th century efforts at imperialism, militarism and power at turn of century1920’s see Western style Democracies take holdDepression hurts Japan leads to 1930’s where ultra nationalist policies take hold“Asia for the Asians” de-emphasize links with West

Japan on the March

1931 occupation of Manchuria

1937 open warfare with China

Japan to create greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Fancy way to say Japan wants more Imperialistic possessions for raw materials throughout East Asia and S.E. Asia

Big threat to Japanese advance in Asia?

Latin AmericaLatin America Mostly independent from direct colonial rule Mostly independent from direct colonial rule

unlike Africa and much of Asiaunlike Africa and much of Asia Nickname of banana republics because of Nickname of banana republics because of

importance of fruit exportsimportance of fruit exports Perception of U.S. economic imperialism in regionPerception of U.S. economic imperialism in region Perception that U.S. intervened politically to keep Perception that U.S. intervened politically to keep

friendly govts.friendly govts. Great Depression hurts Latin AmericaGreat Depression hurts Latin America Good Neighbor Policy implemented by FDR to say Good Neighbor Policy implemented by FDR to say

U.S. will not intervene militarily anymoreU.S. will not intervene militarily anymore Authoritarian moves in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico Authoritarian moves in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico

and many countries in Latin Americaand many countries in Latin America