world climate regimes geog403. climate classifications empirical classification: based on the...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
215 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World Climate Regimes
Geog403
![Page 2: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Climate classifications
• Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.)
Examples: Köppen’s classification; Thornthwaite’s classification
• Genetic Classification: based on the causes (air masses, atmospheric circulation; geographical location, etc.)
Examples: Strahler and Strahler; Mather
![Page 3: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Köppen Climate Classification (based on vegetation distribution)
A: Equatorial (tropical) Climate
Af-humid, no dry season (tropical rainforest)
Am- short dry season (monsoon)
Aw-wet and dry seasons (Savanna)
![Page 4: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Rainforest
![Page 5: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Monson
![Page 6: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Tropical Savanna
![Page 7: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Koppen- Desert
B: Dry climate
Bs: semiarid
Bw: arid
![Page 8: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Low-Latitude Hot
Desert
![Page 9: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mid-Latitude Cold Desert
![Page 10: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Low-Latitude Hot Steppe
![Page 11: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Köppen-Mesothermal
C: Humid Temperate climate
Cf-no dry seasonCw-dry winter
(subtropical monsoon; interior)
Cs-dry summer (mediterranean)
![Page 12: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Humid Subtropical Hot-Summer
![Page 13: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Humid Subtropical Hot-Summer
![Page 14: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Humid Subtropical Winter-Dry
Figure 10.12
![Page 15: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Marine West Coast
![Page 16: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Marine West Coast
![Page 17: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mediterranean Climates
![Page 18: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
KÖppen-MicrothermalD: Humid Cold
Climate
Df-no dry season
Dw-dry winter (interior, high latitude, shorter, cooler summer)
![Page 19: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Humid Continental
Hot-Summer Climates
![Page 20: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Humid Continental Mild-Summer Climates
![Page 21: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Subarctic Cool Summer Climates
![Page 22: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Extreme Subarctic Cold Winter
![Page 23: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Polar and Highland climates
E: Cold polar climate (too cold to support vegetation)
F: High Land climate
![Page 24: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Genetic classificationAir masses:cP: continental polar (cold
and dry; source: northern Canada, Siberia)
mP: maritime polar (cool and moist; Source: northern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean)
cT: continental tropical (hot and dry; source: desert)
mT: maritime tropical (warm and moist; tropical oceans)
mT mTcT
cPmP mP
![Page 26: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
General Circulation patterns
ITCZ: inter-tropical convergence zone (wet)
NE trade windSubtropical high
(dry)WesterliesPolar front (wet)NE wind
![Page 27: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Potential evapotranspiration
Defined by Thornwaite
The demand of water by a continuous vegetation cover with uniform height that never lacks of water
It is determined by the latitude (solar radiation) and time of the year (solar angle) only. (or represents the air temperature)
![Page 28: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Genetic Climate regimes
Low latitudes (30ºS-30ºN)1. Wet equatorial 10ºS-10ºN, warm
to hot, abundant rain.2. Tropical wet and dry: 5º-25º N or
S, warm to hot, distinct wet and dry seasons (savanna)
3. Trade wind littoral (monsoon and trade wind), east coast 10º-25º N or S.
4. Tropical desert/steppe: 15º-35ºN or S, world’s hottest desert
5. West coast desert: 15º-30ºN or S, west coast.
PEP
J D
PEP
PE
P
J
1 & 3
2
4 & 5
![Page 29: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Middle latitudes (30º-60ºN or S)6. Humid subtropical: 25º-40ºN or S
eastern continent, hot and humid summer, mild winters, ample rain year around.
7. Mediterranean: 30º-40ºN or S west coast, hot and dry summer, and rainy winters
8. Maritime west coat (40º-60ºN or S), warm summers and cool winters with more rain in winter.
9. Middle-latitude desert and steppe: 35º-60ºN or S interior, not as hot and dry.
10. Humid continental: 35º-60ºN or S, cold winters and warm summers, ample precipitation through out the year.
P
PE
PE
P
PPE
6
7
8
PEP
9
PE
P
10
![Page 30: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
High latitudes (60º-90ºN)• Continental subarctic: 50º-70ºN
interior, short, cool summers and long bitterly cold winters.
• Marine subarctic: 50º-60º west coast, cool summers, mild winters.
• Tundra: 50ºN, long severe winters (proximity to Arctic ocean).
• Ice cap: bitterly cold temperatures, temperature remains below freezing in summer.
![Page 31: World Climate Regimes Geog403. Climate classifications Empirical Classification: based on the results (temperature, precipitation, vegetation, etc.) Examples:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d385503460f94a11ae1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
60N
30N
Tropical wet
West C
oat D
esert Tropical wet & dry
Desert and Steppe
Trade wind littoral
MediterraneanHumid tropicalDesert
Humid continentalMarine west coast
Marine subarctic
Continental subarctic
Tundra
Ice cap
0N
90N