World ConflictBellwork 11-12-15:Name three possible reasons why countries to go war.

1. Greed: Nations interested in gaining land

or natural resourcesLebensraum

2. Opposing political or religious

belief – May go to war to promote

religious or political beliefs

3. Desire for Freedom: Desire for

freedom or more rights, may fight

off colonial powers

4. Love of Power: Might include a

combination of other factors,

motivated by improving one’s

position in the world

5. Fear: Fighting to protect oneself

from an aggressive nation; revenge

6. Jealousy: May force conflict

based on feelings of jealousy (i.e.

standard of living, wealth)

War in Afghanistan

World ConflictBellwork 11-13-15:In your opinion, it is a part of human nature to go to war? Explain.

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❧ Conditions: Circumstances that cause something to happen

❧ Motivations: Reasons or goals that cause a country to act

❧ Actions: When conditions and motivations push countries towards action, causing cooperation and conflict

Conditions, Motivations, Actions

World ConflictBellwork 11-18-15:What are the six reasons why countries go to war?

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❧ On page 4, complete the ‘your’ definitions of war and terrorism.

Terrorism or War

What is war?

❧ Dictionary: A state of open, armed, often prolonged conflict carried on between nations, states, or parties.

❧ The U.S. Department of Defense: Terrorism is “the calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.

❧ “Terrorism is an act carried out to achieve an inhuman and corrupt objective and involving threat to security of any kind, and in violation of the rights acknowledged by religion and mankind.”

What is Terrorism?

Dictionary: The use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.

❧ “All criminal acts directed against a State intended or calculated to create a state of terror in the minds of particular persons or persons in the general public.”

❧ “Act of terrorism = Peacetime Equivalent of War Crime.”

❧ “Terrorism is the premeditated, deliberate, systematic murder, mayhem, and threatening of the innocent to create fear and intimidation in order to gain a political or tactical advantage, usually to influence an audience.”

Other Definitions

1. Committed by those who lack political power to change policies.

2. Goal is for government change policies – So they seek to maximize psychological effect on society

3. Terrorists plan acts to get as much media exposure as possible

4. Terrorists often justify acts on ideological or religious grounds – they are responding to greater wrong or promoting greater good.

Common Elements

World ConflictBellwork 11-19-15:1. How is traditional war different than a terrorist action?2. What is the main goal of terrorism?3. Why is it so hard to catch terrorists before they strike?4. Why are terrorists more dangerous today than they were

in the past?

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Method/Result:❧ Do threats of violence count?❧ Does it have to be specific kinds of violence - does

kidnapping, arson, or rape count as terrorism?❧ What if no one is harmed, can it still be terrorism?

Identifying Terrorism

❧ Who carries out terrorism?❧ Is it always carried out by organized groups?

❧ Can individuals be terrorists? ❧ Do they need to have an ‘inspiration’ to the attack?

❧ For example, Egypt has said that attacks on busses and assassinations of political leaders by militants were acts of lone, deranged people - so they would not lose tourism.

Perpetrator

❧ Do terrorists only target civilians?❧ Can an attack on a military target be terrorism?

❧ What’s a civilian? How about off duty military personnel? Colonial occupiers?

❧ Is an assassination of a leader terrorism?❧ Do they need to have a target or can they just be

reckless?❧ Are all attacks on civilians terrorists attacks?❧ Can property be targeted in terrorism?

Target

❧ If a cause is legitimate - is any means to achieve the goals legitimate?

❧ How do you distinguish between a freedom fighter and a terrorist?❧ Or terrorism and guerilla warfare?

❧ Is terrorism a ‘weapon of the weak?’❧ Does history change the definition of terrorism?

❧ Do successes justify the acts?

Point of View

❧ Rebels seeking to set up an independent state fire at occupying troops from concealed positions.❧ Based on the tactics of the American colonists at Concord,

Massachusetts, during the Revolutionary War

❧ A radical group makes a list of opponents it believes should be killed and distributes it to sympathizers, telling them that they will be rewarded in heaven for defending the innocent if they carry out these assassinations. ❧ Radical antiabortion groups have published lists of doctors who

perform abortions. Many people believe this is an encouragement to murder them

Terrorism or not?

❧ A government routinely "disappears," tortures, and murders civilians as well as political and military leaders whom it suspects of opposing the regime.❧ Iraq is a prime example of this, but there are and

have been many other examples, including Chile under Gen. Pinochet

❧ More than a dozen undercover agents of the state are killed in one day by a radical rebel group.❧ Michael Collins and the IRA killed 14 British secret

agents in 1920 in Dublin.

Terrorism or not?

World ConflictBellwork 11-20-15:What are the six reasons why countries go to war?

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If you thought Osama bin Laden was bad, just wait until the

countless children who become orphaned by U.S. bombs in

the coming weeks are all grown up. Do you think they will

forget what country dropped the bombs that killed their

parents? In 10 to 15 years, we will look back fondly on the

days when there were only a few thousand Middle Easterners

dedicated to destroying the U.S. and willing to die for the

fundamentalist cause. From this war, a million bin Laden's will

bloom.”

❧ Sixty million people died in World War II.

❧ One out of ten Soviet citizens died. (7. 5 Million

overall in the Soviet Union).

❧ 2,500 U.S. citizens were killed at Pearl Harbor, and

3.5 Million overall.

❧ 250,000 people were killed by the Atomic bomb in

Hiroshima.

October 1945

United Nations

• Started following World War Two

• Replaced the League of Nations

• Headquarters in New York

• 193 member countries of the United

Nations

“…facilitating cooperation in international law, international security,economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement ofworld peace.”

• Ban Ki-moon from South Korea

Secretary-General

• 15 members on the Security Council• 5 Permanent Members: Russia, United Kingdom, United

States, France, China

• Veto Power

• General Assembly – Worldwide Congress

• All countries equal – one vote for all

• New Member Countries

• Need 2/3 Vote to approve new member

• After they have submitted a application

• And voted in by security council

The United Nations

World Conflict

Bellwork 11-23-15:❧ What are the five

permanent members on the security council?

❧ What did the United Nations replace?

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This is a small country in the Caribbean. Its economy depends on tourism. For many years, dictator's ruled it. In 1990, the country became democratic and held its first elections. Unfortunately, in recent years, tourism has declined dramatically, causing an economic crisis in the country. In recent weeks, a military coup took place. Protests have taken place, and disorder reigns in the streets. The military leaders have threatened to nationalize the tourist industry, jeopardizing privately owned American investments, A small contingent of American medical students live on the island. Their safety is in question. The Organization of East Caribbean States has called on the United States to intervene militarily and restore order.

World ConflictBellwork 11-24-15:❧ What is one reason we may not send in troops?❧ What is one reason why we would send in troops?

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Rwanda

Colonized by Belgium 80 years ago. Marked by political violence between Hutu and Tutsi ethnicity

One of world’s poorest countries

Make up about 85 percent of the Rwandan population. Traditionally farmers - suffered under colonial rule. But ruled from 1960-1990s. Responsible for the genocide

Make up 15 percent of population. Livestock keepers traditionally ruled during colonization until 1960. They were the targets of the killings during the genocide

Rwandan Patriotic Front: The political party formed by the invading rebel tutsi army; Currently controls the country.

Interahamwhe: Militia of Hutus; Together with the state army and police forces were responsible for carrying out genocide. Wearing multicolored attire in the movie

Paul Rusesabagina

● Ethnic Hutu

● Manager of the Hotel de Mille Collines

● Sheltered 1260 tutsi and moderate Hutu during genocide

Tatiana Rusesabagina

● Paul’s Wife

● Ethnic Tutsi

● Entire family killed in the genocide

Romeo Dallaire/Colonel Oliver: Canadian, United Nations general; In charge of keeping peace in Rwanda; warned of genocide but got very little support.

George Rutaganda:Rwandan war criminal; Vice president of Interahamwe; Ethnic Hutu; It is his voice that is depicted on the radio in the movie

General Bizimungu: Ethnic Hutu; Major General of the Hutu army; Friend of Paul's prior to the genocide

World ConflictBellwork 12-2-15:❧ What year was the United Nations formed?❧ How many people did Paul shelter in Rwanda during the

genocide?❧ How many people were killed during the genocide?❧ What is the probability that if you met a Rwandan they would be

Tutsi?❧ What is the probability that if you met a Rwandan they would be

Hutu?

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