world development report 2019 · 2021. 5. 25. · recent technological advances accelerate firm...
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WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2019
THE CHANGING NATURE OF WORK
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Technological Progress Expands Job Opportunities
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Lost employment in old
sectors
Remaining employment in
old sectors
New employment in new
sectors
Innovation
Sectors (ordered by susceptibility to automation)
Em
plo
ym
ent
in e
ach s
ecto
r
Auto
mati
on
Source: Authors’ analyses.
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What is changing?
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Recent Technological Advances Accelerate Firm Growth
3
Source: Authors’ analyses based on Walmart Annual Reports, Statista.com, NetEase.com
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The Total Labor Force Has Been Increasing Across The Globe
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Technology Is Changing How People Work
5Source: jobsforlancers.com
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Convergence in the nature of work?
6Source: John Hogg / World Bank
64.7% average informality
in emerging economies
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What can governments do?
What can governments do?
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Three Areas For Policy Action:
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SURVIVAL
Children who don’t survive don’t grow up
to become future workers
SCHOOL
Contribution of quality-
adjusted years of school to
productivity of future workers
HEALTH
Contribution of health
(average of adult survival
rate and stunting) to
productivity of future workers
Human Capital Index: Methodology
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The Human Capital Index 2018
Source: World Bank staff calculations
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CHILD WITH STUNTED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT HEALTHY, CARED FOR CHILD
The First 1,000 Days Lay A Lifelong Foundation
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Labor market regulation
Social insurance (mandatory and
voluntary)
Stronger Social Protection: Protect People, Not Jobs
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Source: Authors’ analysis
Guaranteed social
minimum
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Social Inclusion Is Costly
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Source: Authors’ analysis based on World Bank World Development Indicators, World Bank PovcalNet, and United Nations World Population Prospects.
Simulated cost of UBI for closing the poverty gap by country income group (% of GDP)
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Tax Revenues Have to Rise, Especially in Developing Economies
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Source: Authors’ analysis based on International Centre for Tax and Development (ICTD) and UNU-WIDER Government Revenue Dataset 2017.
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http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2019
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