world food day presentation
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World Food DayRice
![Page 2: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FACTORS AFFECTING ORIGIN & DEVELOPMENT
![Page 3: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
• Rice originated from Ancient Wild Rice Species• Many species are known but commonly
cultivated ones are from type Oryza• Predominant findings:
O. sativa (Asian rice)O. glaberimma (West Africa)
• Gondwana Supercontinent Theory• Rice species can adapt to various parts of the
world
![Page 4: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Shifting cultivation
• During ancient civilization, rice believed to have been grown by direct seeding without standing water
• Evidences of rice cultivation were found in the dry uplands of the South East Asian region
![Page 5: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Wet-Rice Cultivation
• Dominant method used in today’s rice production• Believed to have originated in lower Yangtze river
valley- Swampy marshes- River systems- Monsoon rainfall- High temperatures
• Ancient Chinese development of puddling and transplanting domesticated rice species
![Page 6: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Archaeological Evidences
• Carbonized rice remains of over 10, 000 years old and rice glumes in burnt clay
• Large number of wild rice varieties found in the region
• 130 ancient sites with 100 situated along the Yangtze river
![Page 7: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Archaeological Evidences
• Clay with paddy impressions and husk remnants in Gujarat (expansion of Indus valley since 2300 BC)
• Unearthed pottery shards bearing the imprint of both grains and husks of O. sativa -> earlier in 4000 B.C. at Non Nok Tha in the Korat area of Thailand
![Page 8: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Culture/ Religion
• Ancient Indian name for rice is dhanya which means ‘sustainer of the human race’
• King of Nepal- Suddhodana which means ‘Pure Rice’
• Japan, it is linked to the Sun-Goddess who is believed to be the mythological ancestor of the Japanese Imperial family
![Page 9: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Culture/ Religion• The first authentic record of irrigation for
paddy cultivation is to be found in the Book of Poetry supposed to have been written in the Chow Dynasty about 781-771 B.C.
• Historian Ssu-ma Ch’ien in 148 B.C.Wrote of conditions in the Yangtze Valley
which refer to the burning off of trees and undergrowth, flooding the land and planting paddy.
![Page 10: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IMPACT OF CURRENT TRADE POLICIES
![Page 12: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Introduction
• Four types of rice traded globally; indica, japonica, aromatic and glutinous
• Traded according to: fully milled, brown or rough rice
• Main rice consuming: India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Myanmar
• Main rice producing: China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Vietnam
• Top exporters: Thailand, Vietnam, China and United States of America (U.S.A.)
![Page 13: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Policy
• Implemented by World Trade Organisation (WTO)• Safeguard domestic interests in pests and disease
problems involved while importing plants and plant products
• Some of the principals behind the regulations enforced are not clear or wrongly used
• Example: Mexico and Central America banned Asian rice imports through SPS measures such as poor quality of gains, pest infestation and pesticide residue.
![Page 14: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Implications
• Difficult for Asian exporters to enter into the regions’ rice market
• South American countries, seem to be taking on a protectionist measure
• Brazil which are using unscientific legal phytosanitary policies as a barrier to safeguard national interests
![Page 15: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MERCOSUR Trade Agreement
• MERCOSUR: Common Market of the South• Allows for free trans-boundary movement of
goods between full member state- Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay
• Largest trading bloc in South America, their interest is to counter restrictions to regional trade
![Page 16: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Implications
• Regional exchange of rice would have to compete against imported rice
• Rice is a food component largely traded among MERCOSUR countries
• Imposing a high tariff on non-members• Tariff levied by China, Egypt Iran, Japan, Korea,
Saudi Arabia and USA averages to about 11 per cent and a maximum of 18 per cent
![Page 17: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
• Economic strategies: self-sufficient and self-reliant
• Self sufficient: Food consumption to be from domestically produced food
• Self reliant: Advocate cheap imports to supplement food supplies
![Page 18: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Implications
• As staple food, sale of rice unlikely to suffer drastic fall
• Major exporters Thailand and Vietnam have an agricultural based economy therefore ASEAN needs to safeguard their interest
• 107,867,551 tons of rice are circulated and sold within the region versus 16,624,056 tons of exports
![Page 19: World food day presentation](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061205/5480ae23b4af9f98028b45c4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Thank You