world geography mrs. curtiss. after ww i, austro-hungarian empire broken up unified into a...
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THE BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA
World Geography
Mrs. Curtiss
AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE PRIOR TO WW I
ROAD TO BREAKUP
After WW I, Austro-Hungarian Empire broken up
Unified into a multi-ethnic state based on linguistic groups
Ethnic diversity in Yugoslavia was enormous: Seven distinct ethnic neighbors
Austria, Greece, Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania
Four official languages Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene
Three major religions Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam
Two alphabets Roman – Croatian and Slovene Cyrillic – Macedonian and Serbian
BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA
ROAD TO BREAKUP
Six semi-autonomous Republics within YugoslaviaBosnia & HerzegovinaCroatiaMacedoniaMontenegroSerbia Slovenia
Five Republics established on basis of ethnicityBosnia & Herzegovina – mixture of ethnicity
Serbia – largest republic and dominated national government
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? The people known as Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, and Croats belong to three
distinct ethnic groups. All three speak their own dialect of the Serbo-Croatian language.
Serbs Originally farmers, after World War II Serbs increasingly migrated to cities where they
became wage earners. Serbs are strongly influenced by Eastern European culture. Their religion is Eastern Orthodox.
Bosnian Muslims sometimes referred to as Turks were originally ethnically the same as Serbs, but converted to the Muslim religion in
the fifteenth century. Bosnian Muslims live mostly in cities and are professionals, business owners, and
government workers. Croats
predominantly rural farmers, but many live in cities of southern Croatia. Croats are strongly influenced by the Western European culture in literature, art,
science, and education. They are geographically located near the Italian cities of Genoa and Venice. Croatian culture reflects Italian culture. Croats are Roman Catholic.
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ETHNIC GROUPS IN YUGOSLAVIA
ETHNIC CLEANSING “a process in which a more powerful
ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region.”
“…undertaken to rid an area of an entire ethnicity, so that the surviving ethnicity can be the sole inhabitants.”
ETHNIC CLEANSING Ethnicities suppressed during 20th century
Communist dictator Josip Broz Tito Tito died in 1980s – Communist government
collapsed All Republics (except Serbia and Montenegro)
broke away to become independent countries 1991 – Slovenia and Croatia 1992 – Macedonia 1993 – Bosnia 2003 – no more Yugoslavia
New countries combined different ethnic groups Biggest difference – religion
Mostly dominated by 1 ethnic group i.e. most in Croatia were Croats – but Serbs also
lived there
ETHNIC BREAKUP Serbs and Croats used ethnic cleaning as
a way to claim territoryEthnic regions and political boundaries did not
match up At time of breakup
Bosnia and HerzegovinaHerzegovina ethnicities
Bosnian Muslim: 48 percent Serb: 37 percent Croat: 14 percent
Serbs and Croats Ally to eliminate Bosnian Muslim population
Dayton Accords (1996) Bosnia and Herzegovina divided into three regions
ENDING THE BREAKUP United Nations, the United States and
other European countries worked to negotiate peace between warring groupsSent troops to enforce peace treaties
Result of Conflict:Disrupted economies in region
Unstable conditions made trade difficultPeople forced from homes
Had to start new lives in different countriesToday – standard of living is low in region
compared to rest of Europe