world geography todaychapter 6 human systems preview section 1: economic geographyeconomic geography...

World Geography Today Chapter 6

Human SystemsPreview

Section 1: Economic Geography

Section 2: Urban and Rural Geography

Section 3: Political Geography

Chapter Wrap-Up


Read to Discover

• What are the three main types of economic systems?

• How are developed countries and developing countries different?



Question

What words or phrases describe the three main types of economic systems?



Economy

Traditional or

Subsistence

Market

Command

Motivator

Survival

Profit

Government regulations

Description

People make goods for themselves or their families with little surplus.

People freely choose what to buy and sell.

The government establishes products, locations, and prices.

Location

Mostly in poor countries and rural areas

Most of the world’s rich countries

Communist countries



Differences in Levels of Development

• Developed countries• High levels of industrialization• High standards of living, education, and health care• Good infrastructure, with global market economies

• Developing countries• Poorer nations, with lower standards of living, education, and health

care• Based mainly on farming, with fewer jobs in services or

manufacturing • Includes most of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Pacific

Islands



Read to Discover

• How have people used land throughout human history?

• How does urban geography describe human settlements?

• What are some of the ways people use land in rural areas?



Question

How have people used land throughout human history?



Humans domesticate plants and animals.

Towns and cities grow as civilizations develop.

Hunter-gatherers move with the seasons in search of food.

Trade between cities increases cultural diffusion.

Agriculture provides surplus food and allows people to learn new crafts and skills.

People develop agriculture and transform their environments.


Agriculture and Human History


• Urban geography (the geography of cities) describes urban settlements in various ways:

• Location

• Size and distribution

• Land use

• Urban problems


Urban Geography


• The key economic activity is agriculture.

• Subsistence—Food produced by a family for its own needs

• Market-oriented—Products grown to sell to consumers

• Rural land is also used for forestry, mining, and recreation.


Rural Land Use


Read to Discover

• How are government and geography connected?

• What are three main types of geographic boundaries?

• How do conflict and cooperation affect international relations?



Geographers study:

• How governments divide and control Earth’s surface

• How governments rule and protect their people

• How governments interact

• How culture influences government



Question

What are the three main types of geographic boundaries?



Type of Boundary

Natural

Cultural

Geometric

Description

Follow a feature of the landscape

Based on cultural traits such as religion or language

Follow regular, geometric patterns such as latitude and longitude

Example

U.S.-Mexico border along the Rio Grande

Spain-Portugal border

U.S.-Canada border



• Conflict divides countries, often over issues of nationalism or cultural, political, and economic differences.

• Cooperation helps solve political and economic problems and brings countries together.


Conflict and Cooperation in International Relations


Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas

1. Which type of economic activity is located at the site of the resource being exploited? Which activity can be located almost anywhere?

2. What are some measures of development?

3. How did the development of early cities affect people’s daily lives?

4. How do people satisfy their basic needs with subsistence agriculture?

5. What are some of the ways countries interact with each other?

world geography todaychapter 6 human systems preview section 1: economic geographyeconomic geography...

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