World History

Unit 4

Connecting Hemispheres:

900 - 1800

Chapter 20The Atlantic World,

1492-1800 A.D.

Section 1

Spanish Conquests in the Americas

Spanish Conquests in the Americas

Objectives

• To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with Columbus.

• To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish.

• To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas.

• Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony, Hernando Cortez, conquistadors, Montezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda

Spanish Conquests in the Americas

Columbus’ Voyages– Goal: trade route to Asia (west)

• gold and spices

– 1492: San Salvador• los Indios

– 1493• empire builder

– 17 ships, 100 settlers

• colonies

• Pedro Alvares Cabral - 1500– Brazil for Portugal

• Amerigo Vespucci - 1507– discovery of ‘new world’

• Vasco Nunez de Balboa - 1512– 1st to gaze Pacific Ocean

• Ferdinand Magellan - 1519– 1st to circumnavigate globe

Exploration Voyages

Spain’s American Empire

Hernando Cortes - 1519– conquistadors (conquerors)

• gold and silver

– Aztec Empire - 1521• 600 men

• Tenochtitlan– Aztec capital

• Montezuma II– Aztec emperor

• Reasons for conquest– weapons, allies, disease

Francisco Pizarro - 1532– 200 men vs. 30,000 men

• Atahaulpa – Incan emperor

Spain’s American Empire

New World Society– mestizos

• mixed Spanish / native people

– encomienda• native labor system

– Brazil• Portuguese sugar plantations

Spanish Influence– Florida, SW United States

• Santa Fe mission capital

• Bartolome de Las Casas– advocate of natives

– Native Resistance• 1680 Pope Rebellion

• Christian conversion

Spanish Conquests in the Americas

Objectives• To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with

Columbus.• Columbus: San Salvador, Cabral - Brazil, Magellan - globe• To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish.• Cortez - Mexico-Aztec conquest, Pizarro - Peru-Inca conquest,

disease and slavery decimate native populations• To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas.• Spanish advance to N. America, missionaries establish Catholic

missions, Native American peoples resist colonization• Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony, Hernando Cortez,

conquistadors, Montezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda

Assessment

1) Columbus’ 1st named island

2) main reason for Columbus’ 2nd voyage

3) lands controlled by another nation

4) he claimed Brazil for Portugal

5) new continent America named for him

6) 1st to circumnavigate the earth

7) he conquered the Aztec Empire

8) this term means ‘conquerors’

9) he conquered the Incan Empire

10) define ‘encomienda’

1) San Salvador

2) Spanish settlement

3) colonies

4) Pedro Alvares Cabral

5) Amerigo Vespucci

6) Ferdinand Magellan

7) Hernando Cortes

8) conquistadors

9) Francisco Pizarro

10) native labor system

Chapter 20The Atlantic World,

1492-1800 A.D.

Section 2

Competing Claims in North America

Competing Claims in North America

Objectives

• To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in North America.

• To summarize competing claims in North America.

• To describe the Native American response to the land claims made by Europeans.

• Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims, Puritans, New Netherland, French and Indian War, Metacom

Competing Claims in N. America

Settling North America– route to Asia

• settle for trade / colonies

– New France• Jacques Cartier

– St. Lawrence, Montreal

• Samuel de Champlain - 1608– Quebec

• Sieur de La Salle - 1683– Louisiana

• fur trade over colonies

• midwest U.S. & E. Canada

– England• Jamestown - 1607

– gold– 70% death rate– 1st permanent settlement

Competing Claims in N. America

Puritan New England– Pilgrims - 1620

• Plymouth• separatists

– Puritans - 1630• Massachusetts Bay• purify• families

– Dutch• Henry Hudson - 1609

– Hudson Bay

• Dutch West India Co. - 1621– New Netherland

» N. American holdings

• trade• diversity

Dutch Hudson Bay Company

Competing Claims in N. America

Fight For N. America– James, Duke of York - 1664

• ousts Dutch (New York)

– English colonists• 1.3M by 1750

– French and Indian War• 1754-1763• Seven Years’ War• English defeat French• England gets E. North America• Spain gets Louisiana

– Dutch & French / Indians• trade alliance

– English / Indians• land and religion• Metacom

– King Philip’s War

French and Indian Wars

Competing Claims in North America

Objectives• To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in North

America.• French - St. Lawrence and Mississippi, fur trade; English - Jamestown,

religious freedom; Dutch - diverse population• To summarize competing claims in North America.• English drive Dutch from New Netherland; English defeat French in

Seven Years’ War• To describe the Native American response to the land claims made by

Europeans.• French & Dutch trade with natives; English colonies conflict; Metacom /

English in King Philip’s war; disease decimation• Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims, Puritans, New

Netherland, French and Indian War, Metacom

Assessment

1) What passage were Europeans looking for?

2) founded French colony at Quebec

3) French / Dutch traded natives for these

4) 1st permanent English settlement

5) wanted to separate from the English church

6) religious reformers who founded colony at Massachusetts Bay

7) Dutch colony that would later be New York

8) the Europeans who had the most colonists by 1750

9) the winners in the French and Indian War

10) Indian also known as King Philip

1) western route to Asia

2) Champlain

3) beaver furs

4) Jamestown

5) Pilgrims

6) Puritans

7) New Netherland

8) English

9) England

10) Metacom

Chapter 20The Atlantic World,

1492-1800 A.D.

Section 3

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Objectives

• To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.

• To describe the triangular trade and the middle passage.

• To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.

• To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade.

• Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade, middle passage

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Evolution of Slavery• Africa

– minor institution– Islam - 7th century

• non-Muslim POWs

• 4.8 million slaves– men - military– women - domestic servants

• not hereditary

• European Colonies– mines and plantations– Advantages

• immunity to European diseases

• experience in farming

• less likely to escape

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Atlantic Slave Trade– buying and selling of Africans for work

in the Americas

– 1500-1600: 300,000

– 1600-1700: 1.5 million

– 1700-1870: 9.5 million

• Spain– 1511 - 1st to import slaves

– mines and plantations

• Portugal– Brazilian sugar plantations

– 3.6 million

• Caribbean– sugar, tobacco, coffee

• North America– 400,000 imported slaves

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Atlantic Slave Trade

African Rulers– Africans captured inland– Slave port cities– gold, guns, metal tools

Triangular Trade– Europe to Africa

• slaves

– Africa to Americas• sugar, coffee, tobacco

– Americas to Europe

Middle Passage– 250-300 per ship– 20% death rate

• disease, suicide, executions

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Slavery in America– highest bidder– mines, fields, domestics– hereditary

• Resistance– sabotage, slowdowns, escape,

rebellions

Consequences– lost generations– families torn apart– introduction of firearms– economic development– cultural diffusion– mixed populations

Objectives• To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.• Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, and England import slaves; Many

Africans profit, some rulers oppose• To describe the triangular trade and the middle passage.• Europe, to Africa, to Americas;Middle passage=millions of slaves;• 1 in 5 African slaves die in middle passage• To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.• Africans sold for work on plantations or mines; slaves resist through

sabotage, uprisings, escape, and heritage preservation• To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade.• African families torn apart; loss of African generations; Americas

economies prosper; multicultural Americas populations• Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade, middle passage

The Atlantic Slave Trade