world history chapter 11. began in arabia (desert area with little vegetation located south of the...
TRANSCRIPT
BackgroundBegan in Arabia (desert
area with little vegetation located south of the fertile crescent)
Bedouins or (Arab sheep herders) lived there
They were organized into tribes ruled by a sheikh (means “chief”)
Took place at the end of the Byzantine Empire
Born in Mecca under the control of the Hashmites
Born an orphan; believed angels touched him and gave him seizures
Kadija – a widow who Muhammad drove a camel for; They got married
Had 4 daughters (oldest named Fatima)
Muhammad beginnings
Muhammad continued…Muhammad was exposed to
Christianity and Judaism even though Arabs were polytheistic
Muhammad believed in one god called Allah
Muhammad had another seizure and Gabriel (angel) told him to write the word of Allah in the Koran to spread the word to all Arabs
Muhammad’s life Claimed to be a prophet Mecca’s rulers opposed
Muhammad’s claims Many came to Mecca to pray in
the sacred kaaba (holy shrine) which brought in money
Mecca’s rulers kicked him out of the city and he fled (“hegira” means flight) to the city of Medina
Eventually returned to Mecca with an army and conquered the city
Religion of Islam5 Points of Islam:
1. Only one god – Allah
2. Jesus is Son of God
3. Polygamy is approved
Religion of Islamcontinued…
4. Must follow 5 pillars of faith:
a) Allah is God; Muhammad is only prophet
b) Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca (See VIDEO) 3:22
c) Make a pilgrimage once in a lifetime
d) Give alms to the poore) Fast during Ramadan
5. Show temperance, humility, justice, generosity, tolerance, obedience to authority, and courage
Ascendance and beyond… Muhammad dies in 632
A.D. and Abu Bakr (son-in-law) takes over
Islam spread through his reign because once you were conquered you were converted to Islam or killed (or pay tribute)
Arabia, Palestine, Syria, Armenia, Mesopotamia, Persia, parts of India and North Africa and Spain (The Moors) were controlled by Muslims
Islam spread; had great influence; tensions in Middle East today