world history mrs. duffy€¦ · the discovery of farming during the neolithic revolution allowed...
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World History
Mrs. Duffy
Choose a seat. Take a handout. Please have your notebook on your desk.
Thank You!
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5 6EQ: What were the accomplishments of Mesopotamia?
Mesopotamia “land between two rivers” 3500 BC –
1600 BC
- Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
- flooding = fertile soil
- Sumerians arrived and begin irrigation
Agriculture
- Irrigation = water diverted to the land
- Farming and settlement flourished
- Food supply increased
- Allowed for activities other than farming
- Potters, weavers, metal workers,warriors
Religiom
- Polythestic = beliving in many gods
- 2000 gods
- World’s oldest faiths
- Sumerian rulers = faith
- Theocracy = society governed by religious
leaders
- Ziggurates = stepped-pyramid temple
- Temple to please the Gods
- Center of each city
Achievements Sumerians
- The wheel and sailboat
- Tools and weapons of copper and bronze
- 12 month calendar
- Cuneiforms = world’s earliest writing system
- Symbol writing on clay tablets
- The elite could read and write cuneiform
- Priest and scribes
Social Structure Pyramid
Mesopotamia
Symbols on clay tablets
Carts, Wheels,
Irrigation
Temple, WallMedicine,
King, Warriors
Religion. Monarchy
Mesopotamia
Record Keeping
Institutions
Specialized Workers
Cities
Advanced Technology
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EQ: What were the important characteristics of the civilizations in Mesopotamia? 6
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• Essential Question:
• What were the important characteristics of the civilizations
in Mesopotamia?
• Warm-Up Question:
• Why was the Neolithic Revolution such a big deal?
• Which of the 5 characteristics of civilizations do you think is most important?
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River Valley CivilizationsThe discovery of farming during the Neolithic Revolution
allowed nomadic people to settle into civilizations
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The world’s first civilizations all began in river valleys
The first civilization began in an area known
as Mesopotamia
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Mesopotamia means “land between the rivers” & is
often called the “Fertile Crescent” or as the “Cradle of Civilization”
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flooded once per year, leaving
behind fertile soil ideal for farming
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Irrigation= water diverted to the land Farming and settlement flourished Food supply increased
Allowed for activates other than farming- Potters, weavers, metal workers,
warriors, priests.
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The first civilization developed in the Fertile Crescent: Sumer
But, surrounding deserts & the lack of natural barriers attracted outsiders to Mesopotamia
made the Sumerians vulnerable to attack
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Mesopotamia
Record Keeping
Institutions
Specialized Workers
Cities
Advanced Technology
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Lasting Contributions •Advanced cities:
• Sumerian city-states were protected by high walls
•At the city center was a temple called a ziggurat
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Lasting Contributions ■Specialized Workers:–At the top of society were
priests, and then kings
–In the middle were skilled workers, like merchants
–At the bottom, were common farmers & slaves
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Lasting Contributions
• Religion:
• Sumerians & Babylonians were polytheistic
• Mesopotamian rulers were often priests.
• A government led by religious leaders is called a theocracy.
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Lasting Contributions
•Government:
• Babylonian King Hammurabi
created the first legal code
• Hammurabi’s Code had 282
laws based on justice &
retaliation (an eye for an eye)
• The code had different
punishments for the various
levels of society
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Lasting Contributions
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Lasting Contributions •Writing:
• Sumerians made the world’s 1st writing called cuneiform
• Phoenicians simplified cuneiform to a 22 letter alphabet
• Phoenician merchants spread the alphabet throughout the Mediterranean world
•The alphabet influenced Greek, Latin, & English
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Lasting Contributions • Technology:
• Sumerians inventions include the wheel, sail, plow, & bronze metalwork
• Sumerian created a calendar divided into 12 months.
• They developed a number system based on 60, which is the basis for our seconds and minutes today.
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Closure Activity
• Examine the following primary source documents
and answer the questions. Write a paragraph
answering the following question (give evidence from
the documents):
Was Hammurabi’s Code just?