world history teacher: ron coleman grade: 10. california standards 10.1 students relate the moral...

WORLD HISTORYTeacher: Ron ColemanGrade: 10

California Standards• 10.1 Students relate the moral and

ethical principles in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, in Judaism, and in Christianity to the development of Western political thought.

• 10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.

• 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

California Standards• 10.4 Students analyze patterns of global

change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines.

• 10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of the First World War.

• 10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War.

• 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I.

• 10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II.

California Standards• 10.9 Students analyze the international

developments in the post-World World War II world.

• 10.10 Students analyze instances of nation-building in the contemporary world in at least two of the following regions or countries: the Middle East, Africa, Mexico and other parts of Latin America, and China.

• 10.11 Students analyze the integration of countries into the world economy and the information, technological, and communications revolutions (e.g., television, satellites, computers).

The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes # 1

Greek Civilizations – Began to thrive 3,500 years agoCity-State – Is a political unit made up of a city and the surrounding lands. The Greek word for city-state is Polis.Sparta – A Greek city-state known for their military ideology.Hoplite – A wooden shield covered in Bronze 3 feet in Diameter. Used in a Phalanx formation.Athens – Another Greek city that developed the idea of democracy which means government by the people.Tyrant – Leaders who gain power by force.Solon - reformed Athens by outlawing debt slaveryopening high offices to more citizens, and giving the assembly more power in government.


• The Persian wars – A series a wars between the Persian empire and the Greek city-states

• The age of Pericles – The years after the Persian Wars were a golden age for Athens and a period of democratic growth under the able statesman Pericles in which Athens became powerful.

• Jury – Athenians were required to serve on a panel of citizens who judge the outcome of a trial as part of their Civic duty

• The Peloponnesian War – Sparta and Athens began a war that lasted 27 years. with the help of Persia, Sparta captured Athens and stripped it of its fleet and empire.

Class Quiz #11. At what age did Spartans begin military training? A) 7 B) 10 C) 13 D) 16

2. Who was Pericles?A) leader of Athens B) ruler of Persia C) Spartan warrior D)

Darius's son

3. A series a wars between the Persian empire and the Greek city-states?B) Gallic Wars B) Persian Wars C) Egyptian Wars D) Indian Wars

4. Which of the following was NOT a reform made by Solon of Athens?

A) Increasing the restrictions on citizenship B) Outlawed debt slaveryC) Opened high offices to more citizens D) Gave the assembly more power

5. People who gain power by force are known asA) oligarchs. B) citizens. C) Spartans. D) tyrants.

Quick Write #1In Athens only land owning males were citizens. If you got to decide who is a citizen in the U.S. What would be the qualifications?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=r0T78tNS9u8






• Philosophy – An organized system of thought. Philosopher means “Love of wisdom”

• Socrates – was a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. Developed the Socratic Method which is a question and answer technique used to examine life. Was tried for corrupting the youth and disrespecting the gods.

• The student of Socrates - Plato was as much influenced by Socrates and by his teacher's unjust death. He became troubled by the possible corruption of Direct Democracy. The masses of people of easily swayed.

• Plato - Plato wrote about the Ideal state in book “The Republic”. In it he divided his ideal society into three classes—workers to produce life's necessities, soldiers to defend the state, and philosophers to rule


• Aristotle – Favored a constitutional form of government called the “polity”. He promoted Reason as a guiding force in life. He was a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology.

• Aristotle’s Contribution to western Culture – He was the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics

• Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.

Class Quiz #21. Which of the following was NOT a class in Plato's ideal society? A) priests B) workers C) soldiers D) philosopher-rulers

2. Who criticized the Sophists and helped people find moral truths? A) Socrates B) Sophocles C) Euripides D) Aeschylus

3. Plato's most famous student who analyzed forms of government was A) Euripides. B) Herodotus. C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.

4. An organized system of thought which means “Love of wisdom” A) Science B) Mathematics C) Philosophy C) Art

5. the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy

A)Plato. B) Herodotus. C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.

Quick Write #2Why do you think that many people in Athens felt threatened by the questions Socrates asked? Do you think it is good to question your government and leaders?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Q-mkVSasZIM






• The Hellenistic civilization - was a blend of Persian, Greek, Egyptian, and Indian influence

• King Philip II – Ruler of Macedonia admired the greek culture and sought to defeated the city-states of Athens and Thebes and bring all of Greece under one control. Philip had, after lengthy campaigns and diplomatic manuvers, managed to bring most of the city-states of mainland Greece under Macedonian control in a League of Corinth.

• Stoicism – A philosophy that avoided desire and taught to accept what ever life brought.


• Alexander – Son of Philip, and popularly known as Alexander the Great he was an Ancient Greek king of Macedon. Born in Pella in 356 BC.

• Alexander succeeded his father Philip II of Macedon to the throne in 336 BC, and died in Babylon in 323 BC at the age of 32

• Alexander the Great – After he took over his fathers thrown he proceeded to Conquer the Persian empire and the lands through Asia minor, Palestine and Egypt. He pushed almost through to the Indian ocean when his troops begged him to stop and return home.

• Alexander’s contribution to Western Culture – his most important contribution to the world was the spread of Greek values

Class Quiz #3 1.Who was Alexander the Great’s teacher/tutor?A)Plato. B) Herodotus. C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.

2. A philosophy that avoided desire and taught to accept what ever life broughtA)Reason B) Stoicism C) Philosophy D) Classical Greek

3. Which of the following cultures was NOT part of the blend that created the Hellenistic civilization?A)Gallic B) Persian C) Egyptian D) Indian

4. Ruler of Macedonia sought to defeated the city-states of Athens and Thebes and bring all of Greece under his control. A) Alexander. B) Phillip II. C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.

5. Alexander the Greats’ most important contribution to the Western world B) Conquering Asia B) Becoming King of Persia C) Spreading Greek valuesD) Ruling the world

Quick Write #3Can you think of any situation that you would like to have been Stoic or otherwise feel/react to any emotion?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=0LsrkWDCvxg






• The Etruscans – Ruled much of Central Italy including Rome. Led by a Aristocracy and a King.

• Ancient Rome - a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula known as the Latins.

• The Republic – Romans drove out the Etruscans and established a government where some officials were chosen by the people

• The Senate – The main governing body of the republic made up of Patricians who served for life

• Patricians - the Land owning upper class• Consuls – Two senators were elected each year to

serve as a Consul and preside over the Senate


• Tribunes – Officials elected by the Plebeians to act in their interest

• Veto – An action taken to block another action of government or law. Consuls had Veto power over each other, and The Roman tribunes could block a law they felt was harmful to plebeians through a veto.

• Dictator – A ruler that has complete control over the government. In the event of war, the senate might choose a dictator who was granted power to rule for six months.

• Patrician – The wealthy land owning citizens of Rome who made up the senate.

• Plebeian – The common people, In time plebeians gained the rights to be appointed to high offices and could become senators.

Class Quiz #4 1. What right did plebeians NOT gain over time?A) allowed to serve as consuls. B) appointed to high offices.C) were taxed Heavily. D) could become senators.

2. Which two people from the Senate supervised the business of government and commanded the Roman armies?A) Dictators B) consuls C) plebeians D) tribunes

3. The act of blocking laws is called aA) res publica. B) consul. C) legion. D) veto.

4. In what from of government do people chose some of the officials?A) Republic B) oligarchy C) Direct Democracy D) monarchy

5. How was the power of Roman consuls limited?A) They were elected by the general population and served a King.B) They served only one term and approved each other's decisions.

Quick Write #4“absolute power corrupts absolutely” What does the saying mean? How do you think it influenced the Roman Republic? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAgA6G75XsI&feature=player_detailpage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=oPf27gAup9U

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAgA6G75XsI&feature=player_detailpage







• The Punic Wars - Between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C., Rome fought three wars against Carthage. They are called the Punic Wars.

• The conquest of Gaul - In 58 B.C., Julius Caesar set out to make new conquests Rome. After nine years of fighting, he completed the conquest of Gaul

• Julius Caesar – Emerged from Rome’s civil war with Pompeii to take charge of the republic. He passed reforms that benefited the poor, gave citizenship to conquered peoples, but was assassinated by the senate.

• Augustus Caesar – means the “Exalted or beloved” Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian changed his name to Augustus after gaining power. Under Augustus Caesar, who ruled until A.D. 14, the 500-year-old republic ended and the age of the Roman empire began


• Pax Romana – “Roman Peace” The government that Augustus set up lasted for 200 years and brought peace, order, unity, and prosperity to the empire

• The Twelve Tables – A simple set of written laws for people to follow. Written in Greek and Latin

• Law of Nations – a series of laws based on nature and peoples’ ability to reason, which is a key idea of the American Declaration of Independence

• Justinian’s Code – After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire adopted the laws and codes of Rome and organized them into a single code that has influenced English Common Law and American civil law.

• Greco-Roman - The blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman traditions into what is known as Greco-Roman civilization.

Class Quiz #5

1. The Roman Empire began under the rule ofA) Julius Caesar. B) Augustus Caesar. C) Hadrian. D) Nero.

2. The Punic Wars were fought between Rome andA) Gaul. B) Spain. C) Macedonia. D) Carthage

3. Which Roman leader completed the conquest of Gaul?B) Julius Caesar B) Gaius Gracchus C) Tiberius D) Hadrian

4. Greco-roman civilization was a blend of what traditions?A) Egyptian, Macedonian, and HungarianB) Hellenistic, Greek, and Middle EasternC) Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman

5. Which was a key Greco-Roman contribution to Western legal tradition?A) Rule of King B) Military Power C) Rule of Law D) Empire Building

Quick Write #5Can you think of any months named after Roman leaders such as Augustus, Octavian, Julius. What would your month be named?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AP7XCCUcug&feature=player_detailpage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AP7XCCUcug&feature=player_detailpage





• The Israelites - believed they were God's "chosen people" because God declared in his covenant with Abraham his descendants.

• Monotheistic – the belief that there was only one god.

• The Torah - the Israelites recorded events and laws in their most sacred text the Torah in which the first book is Genesis, and is about the origin of everything.

• Exodus – According to the Torah Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt. the Israelites reached Canaan after 40 years

• The Ten Commandments – A set of Ten basic moral laws that lay at the core of Judaism

• King Solomon - His building projects required such high taxes and so much forced labor that revolts erupted after he died about 922 B.C. Causing a split between Judea & Israel


• Nebuchadnezzar – The king of Babylonian destroyed the great temple of Israel, he also forced many of those he defeated into exile in Babylon.

• Diaspora – Begins with the Babylonian conquer. Over the next 500 years Jews will be exiled, while other Jews move from their homeland due to discontent with political rulers to different parts of the world

• Cyrus – The Persian King conquered Babylon and released the Israelites to return back to their homeland known as Judea and they became known as Jews.

• Pompeii – The Roman General conquered Palestine and the capital city Jerusalem turning it into a province of ROME.

Class Quiz #61. The Israelites were monotheistic, meaning they believed inA) patriarchy. B) the Torah. C) many gods. D) one god.

2. When Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the great temple, where did many Jews go?A) Judah B) Europe C) Babylon D) Egypt

3. The 500 years during which many Jews moved from their homeland to different parts of the word is knows as theA) Exodus. B) Diaspora. C) Sabbath. D) Covenant.

4. Who led the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt?A) Solomon B) Saul C) Abraham D) Moses

5) Universal laws that every Hebrew/Israelite had to follow no mater if they are king or poor A) Ten Commandments. B)Rule of Law. C) Seven Universals.

Quick Write #6If you belonged to a group of people that had been dispersed throughout the world would you ever feel the desire to return?

The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)Chapter 1 Section 4 Notes #7

• Christianity - arose Under Roman control during the Pax Romana period when Judaism experienced a division in religion.

• Jesus – Born in Bethlehem he preached in provinces of Galilee and Judea, where he accepted Jewish tradition. Referring to himself as the son of God, he proclaimed that his mission was to bring salvation and eternal life to anyone that believed

• Parables - Jesus often used parables, or short stories with simple moral lessons, to communicate his ideas.

• Paul – spread Christianity to the gentiles, non-Jews, and separated Christianity from Judaism

• Christian Community - to join the Christian community, a person had to be baptized, or blessed with holy water.

•


• Christian missionaries - like Paul used ideas from Plato and other Greek thinkers to explain Jesus' message.

• Rome - had a long history of tolerance, or acceptance, of varied religious traditions. That tolerant attitude did not extend to Christianity because Christians did not honor Roman gods or make sacrifices to the emperor.

• Christian persecution – Many were killed for beliefs. They became known as martyrs

• Christian Appeal – The Belief in equality before God and the promise of a better life after death brought wide spread support by the common people of the Roman Empire.


• The Edict of Milan – Issued by Constantine The First Holy Roman Emperor ended the persecution of Christians by granting the freedom of worship to all citizens of Rome

• Only men were eligible to become members of the Christian clergy, or the group of people who conducted Christian services.

• The Pope - patriarch of Rome, began to claim authority over all other bishops

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=TG55ErfdaeY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=TG55ErfdaeY



Class Quiz #71. How did Jesus communicate his ideas through?A) Folktales B) Epics C) Parables D) Poems

2. Christians who were persecuted and killed were known asB) clergy. B) heretics. C) martyrs. D) saints.

3. People had to first do what in order to join the Christian community?C) Marry a Christian B) Travel to JerusalemC) Get baptized D) Participate in the Eucharist

4. Which Roman citizen did the most to spread Christianity?D) Paul B) Constantine C) Nero D) Peter

5) Who came to be called Pope?A) The Clergy of Antioch B) The Disciple of JerusalemC) The Bishops of Rome D) The Patriarch of Rome

Quick Write #7How much do you think that Christianity and Judaism matter in so far as a history class is concerned?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=cp6y-PQKOdQ






Feudalism – a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. It developed because kings and emperors were too weak to maintain law and order while also facing invasions. William of Normandy – called William the Conqueror , In 1066 he and his knights triumphed at the Battle of Hastings over the Saxons and he became king of England. Absolute Monarch - A king or queen with complete authority over the government.Magna Carta - In 1215, a group of rebellious barons cornered King John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta, or great charter which granted no "freeman" could be punished except through the law of the land, a right that still exists under English law todayThe Model Parliament - During the 1200s, the Great Council was called on for advise from the king it later evolved Into Parliament


The Hundred Years' War - a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453, between England and the French throne. Parliament began to require that the king meet their demands before they would allow new taxes to fund the war.The English Civil War - was a series of armed conflicts between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over the manner of its governmentThe Petition of Right – June 7, 1628 a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing.The English Bill of Rights - laid out certain basic rights for all Englishmen. It limits the powers of the crown and sets out the rights of Parliament.Glorious Revolution - William and Mary were invited to become joint sovereigns of England and restore the Crown.

Class Quiz #8

1. King John was forced to sign a charter called theA) Magna Carta. B) Habeas Corpus.C) Domesday Book. D) Constitution.

2. A king or queen with complete authority over the government is a(n)A) Emperor. B) Tsar.C) Fascist. D) Absolute monarch.

3. Who became king of England after the Battle of Hastings?A) John B) Edward IC) William the Conqueror D) Henry II

Class Quiz #8

4. Feudalism emerged mainly as a means ofA) gaining wealth. B) protection and control.C) expansion. D) increasing trade.

4. The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights created a(n)A) democracy. B) absolute monarchy.C) dictatorship. D) limited monarchy.

Quick Write:Do you believe that No one will give up power willingly? Must rights always be fought for?

UNIT 1 TESTChapter 1

The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)Chapter 2 Section 1 Notes #9

The Scientific Revolution - The scientific discoveries of the 1500s and 1600s led Europeans to believe in the power of reason. It how people looked at the world and was the event which revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment. Natural Law - refers to the use of reason to analyze human nature both social and personal and develop rules of moral behavior from it.Immanuel Kant - author of Critique of Pure Reason, was the first to describe his times as "enlightened." laissez faire - allowing business to operate with little or no government interference.The physiocrats - claimed that their ideas about economic reforms were based on the natural laws of economics. They urged a policy of laissez faire.


Adam Smith - In The Wealth of Nations, Smith tried to show how manufacturing, trade, wages, profits, and economic growth were all linked to the market forces of supply and demand. He favored a laissez faire economyVoltaire - probably the most famous of the philosophes, used biting wit to expose the abuses of his day. He was quoted as saying "My trade is to say what I think." Jean-Jacques Rousseau - believed the good of the community as a whole was most important. He called it the "general will" or best conscience of the people, and that community should be placed above individual interests. Thomas Hobbes – He is best known today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established social contract theory, the foundation of most later Western political philosophy.


Social Contract - individuals have consented to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the government in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.John Locke - an English philosopher regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and known as the "Father of Classical Liberalism". His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.

Class Quiz #91. Who is the author of Leviathan?A) Baron de Montesquieu B) Adam SmithC) John Locke D) Thomas Hobbes

2. Who were the physiocrats?A) French thinkers known as philosophesB) French thinkers who focused on economicsC) religious thinkers of the noble classD) British scientists

3. "My trade is to say what I think." Who said this?A) Locke B) VoltaireC) Diderot D) Rousseau

Class Quiz #94. What event revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment?A) the American RevolutionB) the Scientific RevolutionC) the ReformationD) the Franco-Prussian War

5. According to laissez-faire economist Adam Smith, a government shouldA) acquire gold and silver wealth through trade.B) impose tariffs to protect local manufacturing.C) let free market forces drive the economy.D) regulate the wages, hours, and working conditions of laborers.

Quick Write:Have you agreed to live within the social contract of America?


The first Encyclopedia – a collection of articles that were written on government practices by several leading thinkers of the day. The French government reacted to the publication by saying it was an attack on public morals. Censorship - A restricting of access to ideas and information, It was used by governments to protect themselves from the attacks of Enlightenment thinkers. Free and equal – A slogan used by the philosophes did not apply to women. Although the philosophes said women had natural rights, those rights were restricted to home and family. Montesquieu – his ideas about separation of powers into three branches of Government influenced the Framers of the U.S. Constitution such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison.


Catherine the Great - an enlightened despot who ruled Russia, implemented some Enlightenment ideas, such as abolishing torture, but kept a firm grip on her powers as empress. Joseph II began – began to modernize Austria's government despite opposition. He supported religious equality, ended censorship, sold property of many monasteries not devoted to humanist ends and gave it to those who were, and even abolished serfdom. Rococo style – a lighter, elegant, and charming art style of the Enlightenment. It moved away from religion and was lighter, elegant, and charming.Enlightened despots - Rulers who did accept some of the new ideas of the Enlightenment, but who continued to hold tremendous power, were called

Class Quiz #101. Which group of people did Montesquieu's ideas affect most?A) scientists like Edward JennerB) social critics in BritainC) European despotsD) the Framers of the U.S. Constitution

2. Who ruled Austria during the Age of Enlightenment, ending censorship and abolishing serfdom during his reign?A) Frederick the Great B) Daniel DefoeC) Joseph II D) Franz Joseph Haydn

Class Quiz #103. After the publication of the first Encyclopedia the French government react to it by ?A) Declaring it an attack on public morals and censoring it.B) sending a copy to every noble family in Paris.C) claiming that only philosophers could make sense of it.D) immediately incorporated it into their government processes.

4. Rulers who did accept some of the new ideas of the Enlightenment, but who continued to hold tremendous power, were calledA) Salon Philosophers.B) Enlightened despots.C) Rococo Artist.D) Great Leaders

Quick Write:Joseph II would disguise himself in peasant clothes and sneak out of the castle to talk with people who did not know who he was and find out what the people really thought.That probably could not work now due to the mass media. So, What do you think the leaders of our nation could do instead?


Britain imposed taxes and control of trade - To help pay the costs of the Seven Years' and French and Indian Wars, Parliament passed the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, and a Declaratory Act over the colonists which resulted in the American colonists resentment of British rule. The Navigation Acts - Britain was attempting to strengthen its economy by exporting more than it imported. The Navigation Acts were in place to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing. Popular sovereignty - is the principle which states that all government power comes from the people. Benjamin Franklin - was a man of many talents and professions, a philosopher, scientist, publisher, legislator, diplomat, and he was a popular figure for his intellect and wit both in the United States and abroad.


Thomas Jefferson – In 1776, assigned the task of writing the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress in The 1777 Battle of Saratoga - Because the French saw that the Americans could in fact defeat the British in battle, they were persuaded to join in the fight against their old rival. Yorktown, Virginia - Washington forced the surrender of the British army at Yorktown, Virginia, and two years later the British signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the warTreaty of Paris - Two years after the British defeat at Yorktown, the British signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war and recognizing the independence of the United States. Articles of Confederation - The newly independent Americans created a constitution, the Articles of Confederation, which proved to be too weak for the new United States.


The American Constitution – is the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles entrench the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches.

Class Quiz #111. The nation's first written government was known as theA) Treaty of Paris. B) Declaration of Independence.C) Bill of Rights. D) Articles of Confederation.

2. Why was the American victory in the 1777 Battle of Saratoga significant?A) Britain recognized the independence of the United States.B) The Articles of Confederation were abolished.C) France was persuaded to join the Americans.D) The United States issued the Bill of Rights.

3. Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?A) John Adams B) George WashingtonC) James Madison D) Thomas Jefferson

Class Quiz #114. Why did the American colonists resent British rule?A) Britain imposed taxes and allowed no representation.B) Britain offered to sell the colonies to France.C) Freedom of religion was not allowed.D) The British king took away land from colonists unlawfully

5. After signing which of the following documents did Great Britain recognize the independence of the United States?A) Declaration of IndependenceB) Treaty of ParisC) Treaty of YorktownD) Treaty of Utrecht

Quick Write:One American Revolution Slogan was “No taxation without representation” The colonist were unhappy over not having a say in government.Do you feel that average American’s have a say in government now?

The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)Chapter 3 Section 1 Notes #12

The Ancien régime - The social system in 1789 France that emerged in the Middle Ages, consisting of three social classes called The Estates in France (1) the clergy, (2) the nobles, and (3) the rest of society The Third Estate - The vast majority of the French population was made up of the Third Estate, comprised of the bourgeoisie, officials who staffed the royal bureaucracy, lawyers, doctors, professors, skilled artisans, and peasants.The Estates General - was a legislative body in France consisting of representatives from the three estates. The French king had not called the Estates-General for 175 years for fear that the nobles would use it to recover powers they had lost under absolute rule


Cahiers - In preparation for the Estates-General, Louis XVI had all three estates prepare cahiers, or notebooks, listing their grievances The National Assembly - the Third Estate Claimed to represent the people of France, delegates of the Third Estate declared themselves to be the National Assembly in June 1789. The Tennis Court Oath - Claiming to represent France, the National Assembly met and delivered the Tennis Court Oath, swearing "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution." Storming the Bastille - The crowd assembled outside of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, demanding weapons and gunpowder believed to be stored there.

Class Quiz #121. Under the __________, everyone in France was divided into one of three social classes.A) ancien régime B) Tennis Court OathC) deficit spending D) Estates-General

2. The three social classes in France in 1789 were made up of what groups?A) the king, the court, and the rest of societyB) nobles, clergy, and the rest of societyC) the church, the bourgeoisie, and the peasantsD) the bourgeoisie, the peasants, and the rest of society

3. Which group made up the vast majority of French society in the 1780s?A) the clergy B) the First EstateC) the nobles D) the Third Estate

Class Quiz #124. Claiming to represent France, the National Assembly met and deliveredA) the Tennis Court Oath. B) Jacques Necker.C) deficit spending. D) the Bastille.

5. Paris Citizens hoping to find weapons decided toA) Storm the BastilleB) Attack English tradersC) Arrest the First Estate membersD) Sell Bread in the Streets

Quick Write:Who do the three people represent? Why do you suppose the two are afraid of the third standing up?

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=-pFqlbmbfn1W4M&tbnid=2h0PulPxf9L4hM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://westerncivguides.umwblogs.org/2011/09/22/the-beginning-of-a-revolution-storming-of-the-bastille/&ei=_8jGU6rdEcHyiwLTxIGQCQ&bvm=bv.71198958,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFFpGSlPv30mLmDG9FP5jENAeSzWw&ust=1405622901762858


The sans-culotte - literally meaning "without breeches" because they favored wearing long trousers, were working-class men and women who pushed the revolution into more radical action. A Republic - By 1791, many sans-culottes demanded a republic, or government ruled by elected officials instead of a monarch. The French Revolution - dislodged the old social order, overthrew the monarchy, and put the French Catholic Church under state control.Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen - As a first step towards writing a constitution, the National Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, which was modeled in part on the American Declaration of Independence.


European rulers - were afraid of having their privileges, their property, their religion, and their lives threatened if the French revolutionary ideas were to spread. Even "enlightened" rulers turned against France. The Declaration of Pilnitz - The king of Prussia and the emperor of Austria (Marie Antoinette's brother) issued the Declaration of Pilnitz, threatening to intervene to protect the French monarchy.France declares war - The French declared war on Austria, Prussia, Britain and other nations which had Monarchs. The great powers expected an easy victory over the French since France was divided by revolution and facing crises at home. Marquis de Lafayette - was the aristocratic "hero of two worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the American Revolution.


Olympe de Gouges - a journalist, In 1791 She demanded equal rights in her Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen

Class Quiz #131. What form of government was demanded by the sans-culottes?A) Émigré B) factionC) Republic D) monarchy

2. The French Revolution dislodged the old social order, overthrew the monarchy, andA) brought about the acquisition of much new land.B) brought the Church under state control.C) joined France with Spain in an alliance.D) elevated the rights of both men and women.

3. Who was known as a "hero of two worlds?"A) Olympe de Gouges B) JacobinsC) Marie Antoinette D) Marquis de Lafayette

Class Quiz #134. The French declared war on Austria, Prussia, Britain, and others, which caused those great powers to react in what way?A) They would not fight with the French.B) They were afraid of the revolutionaries' strength.C) They expected an easy victory.D) They had sympathy for the radicals.

5. European rulers opposed the French Revolution becauseA) it promoted the French monarchy.B) they were afraid that revolutionary ideas would spread to their own countries.C) it granted more power to the French Catholic Church.D) the disruptions in France threatened world trade.

Quick Write:90% percent of France’s wealth was owned by just 10% of Population before the revolution.What if I told you that in America today a similar situation exist?


"September massacres" - Citizens attacked prisons that held nobles and priests accused of political crimes. About 1,200 prisoners were killed; many were ordinary criminals. The New Radical Assembly - In 1792, radicals took control of the Assembly, abolished the monarchy, and declared France a republic.King Louis XVI - was put on trail as a traitor and sentenced to death as a threat to the republic.Maximilien Robespierre – nicknamed "the incorruptible” had embraced the enlightenment thinker Rousseau’s idea of the general will over the individual will as the source of all legitimate law. He threw aside liberty and individual freedom and was one of the main architects of the Reign of Terror.The guillotine - was the engine of the Terror, and soon became a symbol of horror.


Reign of Terror – Lasted about one year between 1793-1794, and saw courts conduct quick trials and death sentences handed out in the name of securing France from enemies.Suffrage - The Assembly offered right to vote to all male citizens, not just those who owned property. French National Anthem - "La Marseillaise" as troops marched From the port city of Marseilles they sang against the "bloody banner of tyranny." This song, "La Marseillaise," would later become the French national anthem. Nationalism - a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country, spread throughout France. Napoleon - As chaos threatened, politicians turned to Napoleon Bonaparte, a popular military hero who had won a series of brilliant victories against the Austrians in Italy

Class Quiz #141. What happened during the "September massacres"?A) Citizens killed approximately 1,200 prisoners.B) Citizens killed the king and queen of France.C) Louis XVI's supporters killed approximately 500 French citizens.D) Louis XVI's supporters killed suspect members of the noble classes.

2. In 1792, radicals took control of the Assembly, abolished the monarchy, andA) rejected constitutional government.B) surrendered to the Prussian army.C) declared France a republic.

D) ended the war with the other nations of Europe.

3. Robespierre was one of the main architects of theA) Reign of Terror. B) suffrage.C) radicals. D) guillotine.

Class Quiz #14

4. The __________ was a symbol of horror.A) SuffrageB) MarseillesC) GuillotineD) nationalism

5. suffrage was extended to A) only to property owners.B) to men and women.C) to all male citizens.D) only to Nobels.

Quick Write:The guillotine is still a symbol of horror. Have you ever seen images of one during Halloween? Imagine this; If you they particularly wanted to punish you they laid you in it facing up so you could see the blade. Do you think these machine would stop crime if used today?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Qi6TTn35BrY





Napoleon Bonaparte – Helps to overthrow the Directory of France and establish a new ruling body know as the Consulate. He then declares himself consul for life.Plebiscite – A popular vote by ballot used by Napoleon to justify him claims. France supported Napoleon by votes Emperor – At his Coronation he took the crown from the pope and placed it on his own head, Napoleon meant to show that he owed his throne to no one but himselfNapoleonic Code – a set of laws that encouraged religious tolerance, equality of men, and ended feudalismThe Concert of Europe - was a system in which nations met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe.


The Congress of Vienna - hoped to create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of monarchy. Redrawing the map of Europe was one attempt to balance the power. Annexed – Napoleon adds to his empire the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, parts of Italy, and well into Prussia including PolandForceful Control – Napoleon controlled Spain by making his brother the King. He also forced Russia and Austria to sign treaties.Continental System – Napoleon prepared for war against England by closing all European shipping portsBattle of Trafalgar – The British Fleet under Admiral Horatio Nelson smashed the French Fleet


War of 1812 - Britain and France blocked European ports in their struggle with each other. Both seized neutral ships suspected of trading with the other side. British attacks on American ships angered Americans and triggered the war of 1812.

Class Quiz #151. What was one of the chief goals of the Congress of Vienna?A) to punish France B) to create a united EuropeC) to create a lasting peace D) to strengthen France

2. The __________ was a system in which nations met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe.A) Napoleonic Code B) Continental SystemC) Congress of Vienna D) Concert of Europe

3. Napoleon became emperor through what act?A) the pope placed the crown on his headB) the nobles put him in powerC) Napoleon had the favor of Louis XVID) Napoleon placed the crown on his own head

Class Quiz #15

4. Napoleon used this ballot to justify his claims.A) Annex B) Napoleonic Code C) Plebiscite D) Continental System

5. What event triggered the War of 1812?A) Napoleon's reinstitution of serfdom and manorial duesB) Napoleon's creation of the ConsulateC) Britain's attacks on American shipsD) Britain's alliance with Spain

Quick Write:In the plebiscite the people voted, but really didn’t have much say or true power of vote.Do you believe in America today that your vote would really effect change?

Chapter 2 and 3

Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)Chapter 4 Section 1 Notes #16

Universal manhood suffrage - refers to giving all adult men the right to vote. By the late 1800's liberals began to support the principle of universal manhood.Liberal and conservative philosophies - in early 19th century Europe Liberals wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and separation of powers, while conservatives supported the monarchy.Ideologies - are systems of thought and belief, which conservatives and liberals fought over in Europe in the early to mid 1800's. The Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman empires - each contained diverse groups of inhabitants, and many of these groups had their own feelings of identity. These groups that shared a common heritage began to have feelings of nationalism.


Nationalism - or pride in or devotion to one's country, was an inevitable result of the Russian, Austrian, and Ottoman conquest of neighboring territories. Prince Clemens von Metternich's - urged monarchs to oppose freedom of the press, crush protests in their own countries, and send troops to douse the flames of rebellion in neighboring lands.Serbia and Greece - both successfully fought and won their independence. Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830, as did Serbia shortly thereafter. Autonomy - means self-rule. Examples of people that successfully fought for their autonomy include the Greeks and Serbs, both against the Ottomans. mid-1800's - social reformers were considered to be agitators because they urged workers to support socialism

Class Quiz #161. People fighting for their autonomy are hoping to attainA) their natural rights. B) respect.C) more territory. D) self-rule.

2. Serbia and Greece both successfully fought which nation for their independence?A) Russia B) AustriaC) the Ottoman Empire D) Germany

3. Universal manhood suffrage refers toA) the responsibility of the government to protect people's rights.B) the belief that African-Americans should have the right to vote.C) giving all adult men the right to vote.D) a certain set of rules that all people worldwide should be guaranteed.

Class Quiz #164. Which of the following best describes Prince Clemens von Metternich's response to the struggle to establish natural rights and constitutional governments throughout Europe?A) Metternich joined the cause as a defender of the rights of the common man.B) Metternich served as a mediator and helped to maintain peace between the two sides.C) Metternich led from France to his native Austria out of fear of a possible uprising.D) Metternich urged monarchs to crush rebellions in their countries and to help crush rebellions in neighboring lands.

5. Conservatives and liberals represented differentA) areas. B) ideologies.C) nations. D) academic levels

Quick Write:Liberal typically means Progressive forward thinking while Conservative typically defends traditional customs and valuesWhat would you consider yourself?


Belgium - In 1830, news of the Paris uprising ignited a revolutionary spark in Belgium to seek independence. Belgium successfully gained independence in 1831.The "citizen king” - In 1830, Louis Philippe was installed as king of France by moderate liberals after Charles X was forced to abdicate his throne. Louis Philippe became known as the "citizen king' because he owed his throne to the people"February Days' of 1848” - During the "February Days' of 1848, Louis Philippe abdicated the throne, allowing a group of liberal, radical, and socialist leaders to proclaim the Second Republic. The French constitution - created by the National Assembly for the Second Republic, which gave the vote to all adult men, occurred prior to the election of Napoleon III.


"June Days" - During June 1848, furious workers took to the streets of Paris, and at least 1,500 people were killed before the government crushed the rebellion. Italian and German revolts of 1848 - Reform movements and strong nationalist sentiments existed in both nations. The want for political reforms led both nations, Italy and Germany, to revolt in 1848.Napoleon III - Louis Napoleon received conservative support because he was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte and with the support of the working class he was brought to power. Soon after, he used his new power to end the brief Second Republic by taking the name Napoleon III and declaring himself emperor in 1852.


Hungarian nationalists - led by journalist Louis Kossuth and other Hungarian nationalists wanted an independent government, an end to serfdom, and a written constitution, but they were against the continued rule of the monarchy The French Revolution of 1848 - unleashed a tidal wave of revolution across Europe, including Hungarian and Czech revolts against Austrian rule. In addition, the granting of universal manhood suffrage after the revolution allowed for the election of Louis Napoleon as president.

Class Quiz #171. Which of the following men was known as the "citizen king'?A) Louis Philippe B) Charles XC) Louis XVIII D) Frederick William IV

2. At least 1,500 people were killed in 1848 during which period of revolt in France?A) "February Days“ B) "March Denunciations"C) "June Days“ D) "Prague Spring“

3. Reform movements and strong nationalist sentiments existed led these two nations to revolt?A) Czechoslovakia and Italy B) Poland and EnglandC) Italy and Germany D) Belgium and Russia

Class Quiz #174. The French constitution created by the National Assembly for the Second Republic gave?A) Napoleon III all the power.B) Turned France into a socialist nation.C) gave the right to vote to all adult menD) Denied Italy and Germany liberty

5. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the rule of Napoleon III?A) He supported the constitution created by the National Assembly that gave the vote to all adult men.B) He ended the brief Second Republic by declaring himself emperor in 1852.C) He was brought to power with the support of the working class.D) He received conservative support because he was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Quick Write:Why do you think the idea of independence and the freedom to choice your own government is so powerful and spread so fast?Do you understand why the American revolution was the shot heard around world now?


Toussaint L'Ouverture - began a slave revolt in Haiti in 1791, succeeding in abolishing control of most of the island and abolishing slavery by 1798. Although eventually caught and imprisoned by the French, L'Ouverture's leadership helped Haiti to declare their independence from France in 1804. Peninsulares - the highest social class in Latin American, were Spanish-born and dominated political and social life.Creoles - although directly descended from Europeans, were considered to be second-class citizens since they weren't born in Europe. The Creoles, who owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines bitterly resented this status. Meztizos - Over the hundreds of years of European settlement in Latin America, Native Americans and Europeans increasingly mixed, resulting in the birth of large numbers of mestizos..


Mulattoes - As the slave trade grew in Latin America, mixing among people of European and African ancestry led to the birth of large numbers of mulattoesSimón Bolívar - played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, During his lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia (including Panama at the time), Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish EmpireDon José de San Martín - was an Argentine general and leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire. His Army crossed the Andes from Argentina and defeated Spanish forces in Chile.Dom Pedro – advised by his father, the king of Portugal, Dom Pedro declared Brazil independent and crowned himself emperor.


The independent Republic of Mexico - Agustín de Iturbide gathered an army of Creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans and overthrew the Spanish viceroy, whereupon he took the title Agustín I. However, liberal Mexicans overthrew him in 1821 in order to prevent the establishment of a monarchy and to create the independent Republic of Mexico.

Class Quiz #18

1. __________, the highest social class in Latin American, were Spanish-born and dominated political and social life.A) Mestizos B) CreolesC) Peninsulares D) Mulattoes

2. Latin Americans that were descendents of Europeans were second-class citizens known asA) Peninsulares. B) Creoles.C) Meztizos. D) Mulattoes.

3. People of African and European descent were known asA) Creoles. B) Peninsulares.C) Meztizos. D) Mulattoes.

Class Quiz #18

4. was an Argentine general and leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire?A) Father José Morelos B) José de San MartinC) Father Miguel Hidalgo D) Joseph Bonaparte

5. People of Native American and European descent were known asA) Meztizos. B) Mulattoes.C) Creoles. D) Peninsulares.

Spain was able to control Mexico without a military by using racial differences to divide the people.Do you believe that it is important or necessary for people to unite to accomplish things?

UNIT 2 TESTChapter 3&4

The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850)

Chapter 5 section 1 Note: 19

The agricultural revolution - contributed to a rapid growth of population by creating a surplus of food.Thomas Newcomen - In 1712, a British inventor developed a steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines.James Watt - made improvements on the steam engine that allowed it to be applied to machinery.By the 1850s - many country villages had grown into industrial towns and cities, and the rural way of life began to disappear. Seed drill – revolutionized farming by allowed farmers to plant in even rows instead of scattering seeds haphazardlySmelting Process - a technological improvement at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution which used charcoal to smelt iron, or separate iron from its ore.

The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850)

Chapter 5 section 1 Note # 19

Anesthetic - a drug that prevents pain during surgery. The first anesthetic was used by an American dentist.Enclosure - the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers. The British Parliament facilitated enclosures through legislationCoal - a vital source of fuel in the production of iron, and it was also used as a power source to help develop the steam engine.Statistics - data that are gathered and tabulated to present information. Precise population statistics for the 1700s are rare, but some do exist

Class Quiz #19

1) In 1712, the steam engine was invented byA) James Watt B) Thomas NewcomenC) Abraham Darby D) Jethro Tull

2) One effect of the agricultural revolution in Europe in the 1700s?A) Greater food production triggered a population explosion.B) More people became farmers.

3) One technological improvement at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution was the use of charcoal to __________ iron.B) Anesthetic B) statistic C) enclosure D) smelt

Class Quiz #19

4) Which of the following was the most important source of power for the early Industrial Revolution?A)Water B) the sunC) oil D) coal

5) With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,A) many people refused to work in factories.B) the rural way of life began to disappear.C) more children began to receive an education.D) all men were given the opportunity to hold government positions.

Quick Write:Which of the following do you personally believe is best innovation that impacts peoples lives and why.The Smelting Process, The use of Anesthetic, The steam engine Rank them:1)2)3)

The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850) Chapter 5 section 2 Note#20

Putting-out system - raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes. The flying shuttle - spinning jenny, and water frame were all inventions that revolutionized the British textile industry, creating a faster, more efficient system. Capital – is Money used to invest in new business ventures like buy machinery and paying for labor.Eli Whitney - invented a machine called the cotton gin that increased the speed with which Southern laborers could clean raw cotton and allowed America to began to compete with Britain's increased production

The Industrial Revolution Begins(1750-1850) Chapter 5 section 2 Note#20

In the 1700s - Britain's economy was prosperous, and it had a business class ready to invest capital in new enterprises. England also had vast amounts of coal.Canal - before the steam locomotive, water canals such as the Bridgewater Canal were an important way to transport raw materials and finished goods.The steam locomotive - the invention of the steam locomotive made the growth of railroads possible and revolutionized transportationTurnpikes - were private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers a toll, and were built in order to provide faster and cheaper methods of moving goods from place to place.

Class Quiz #20

1. British merchants developed the __________ in which raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes.

A) Eli Whitney B) turnpikes C) Liverpool D) putting-out system

2. Which invention revolutionized transportation and made possible the growth of railroads?

A) the spinning jenny B) the dynamo C) the steamboat D) the steam locomotive

3. America began to compete with Britain's increased production with the invention of what machine?A) the seed drill B) the steam locomotive C) the cotton gin D) the spinning jenny

Class Quiz #20

4. The flying shuttle, the spinning jenny, and the waterframe were all inventions that were used toA) develop the steam engine B) clear more farmland.C) improve the waterwheel D) increase textile production.

5. Which of the following statements is one reason why Britain was the first nation to industrialize?A) Britain had plenty of gold and silver. B) Britain had a large amount of farmland.C) Britain had many wealthy invetors.D) Britain had acres of rich forests.

Quick Write:Do you think you would take a job that you could work at home producing hand made items, but you made very little for each item made.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c&feature=player_detailpage




The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850) Chapter 5 section 3 Note#21

The Middle Class - or bourgeoisie, benefited most from the Industrial Revolution, either by investing profits in factories, developing new technologies, or rising from "rags to riches" as opportunities allowed.Contaminated - something that is unclean and impure, or polluted. One problem for the industrial working class poor was contaminated drinking waterWomen and Children - Unlike the wealthy, who had people to look after their children middle class women devoted much of their time to raising their children at home.Child Labor - often Children needed to work because their wages kept their families from starving.In factories - workers faced a rigid schedule of long hours set by the factory whistle.

Industrial Revolution Begins (1750–1850)Chapter 5 section 3 Note# 21

Miners - were paid more, but the working conditions in the mines were even worse than in the factoriesTenements - Workers were often packed into tiny multi-story buildings divided into apartments, as they struggled to survive in the slumsLabor Unions - or workers' organizations, were illegal at the start of the Industrial Revolution, secret unions did exist and wished to initiate worker reformsThe Methodists - part of a movement founded by John Wesley, took their message of salvation into the slums. They helped channel workers' anger away from revolution and towards social reform.

Class Quiz #211. Which group benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution?A) the working class B) farmers C) the nobility D) the middle class

2. The Industrial Revolution led to rapid __________ as the demand for workers increased.A) tenement B) urbanization C) labor unions D) contamination

3. One problem for the industrial working class poor was __________ drinking water.A) Contaminated B) urbanization C) tenement D) stressed

Class Quiz #21

4. How did the lives of middle class women differ from their wealthy and working class counterparts?A) They stayed at home and raised their children.B) They had maidservants who raised their children.C) They often decided to have no children.

5. Which group of people helped channel workers' anger away from revolution and toward social reform?A) factory owners B) MethodistsC) Luddites D) Utopians


“Laissez-faire" or "hands-off” - an approach Supported by free-enterprise capitalism believed the government should not interfere in the free operation of the economyUtilitarianism - the idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizensKarl Marx - formulated a new theory, "scientific socialism," which he claimed was based on a scientific study of history. According to Marx, the "have-nots" in society are the proletariat, or working classSocialists - condemned the evils of industrial capitalism, and encourage workers to rebel against the unjust conditions they endured.


Robert Owen - an early socialist, set up a utopian community in New Lanark Scotland. Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo – were concerned over the effect of the population explosion on the food supply, and believed that the poor would suffer less if they had fewer children.Communism - a form of socialism in which an inevitable struggle between social classes would lead to a classless society. Marx Prediction - was wrong in his prediction that workers would unite across national borders to wage class warfare, However, people felt stronger ties to their countries than to the international communist movement

Class Quiz #221. Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo believed the poor could improve their lives byA) getting more education. B) getting aid from the government.C) having fewer children. D) moving back to farms.

2. What did supporters of free-enterprise capitalism call their approach to economics?D) the means of production B) laissez-faireC) Socialism D) utopian

3. Which group would be most likely to encourage poor workers to rebel against factory owners?E) Capitalists B) socialists C) utilitarians D) economists

Class Quiz #22

4. According to Marx, the "have-nots" in society are theA) means of production. B) proletariat. C) bourgeoisie. D) utopians.

5. Who put forth the theory of "scientific socialism"?B) Karl Marx B) Robert Owen C) John Stuart Mill D) Jeremy Bentham

Quick Write #What would be your ideal society?

Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914)Chapter 6 section 1 Note# 23

Industrialization - caused rapid urbanization, increased employment levels, longer work days, and more hazardous working conditionsInterchangeable parts - identical components that could be used in place of one another.Assembly Line - a method of production in which workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one workstation to the next. A division of labor made production faster and cheaper.The Bessemer process - patented by the British engineer Henry Bessemer in 1856, created steel that was lighter, harder, and more durable than iron.Trust - is a group of corporations run by a single board of directors. Trusts such as Standard Oil created monopolies when they gained control over entire industries, thus allowing them to control prices.

Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914)Chapter 6 section 1 Note#23

Cartel - is a group of corporations that form an association for the purpose of fixing prices, setting production, and controlling markets Stocks - small shares of ownership in a company purchased by investors.“Robber Barons“ or “Captains of Industry" – People like Rockefeller, Krupp, and Carnegie were called Robber Barons by their detractors out of a belief that in destroying competition, they were damaging the free-enterprise system and as Captains of Industry for building their nations wealth. Dynamo - A machine that generates energy. The first machine was created by Chemist Michael FaradayThomas Edison – Created the first light bulb which lit up cities and factories and made it possible for production and the city life styles to continue after dark


Alfred Nobel – Invented Dynamite, to his dismay it was used in warfare. His invention made a fortune which he willed to fund the famous Nobel Prize.Guglielmo Marconi – invented the Radio and received messages through Morse code.

Class Quiz #231. Because of __________, all products no longer had to be made individually by hand.A) the assembly line B) immigrant labor C) interchangeable parts

2. A machine that generates energy is known as aB) dynamo. B) cartel. C) spark plug. D) light bulb.

3. a method of production in which workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt C) the assembly line B) immigrant labor C) interchangeable parts

4. Created the first light bulb which lit up cities and factories D) Thomas Edison B) Alfred Nobel C) Guglielmo Marconi

5. Leaders of big business such as Alfred Krupp and John D. Rockefeller were referred to as "captains of industry" by their admirers and __________ by their detractors.A) "communists“ B) "robber barons“ C) "innovators“ D) “Super Rich”

Quick Write


Tenement dwellers - The wide boulevards and splendid public buildings built by Napoleon III's chief planner Georges Haussmann resulted in the movement of the poor into slums found in the city center which was near the factories and, for many, their place of employment. Florence Nightingale - is credited with helping to create reforms in British army hospitals that directly led to increased sanitation and decreased percentages of fatalities. She founded the world's first school of nursing.Urban renewal - is the rebuilding of the poor areas of a city.Labor Unions - Through the use of strikes and with the help of reformers and working-class voters, labor unions were able to pressure lawmakers to implement eight hour work days, improve safety measures, and outlaw child labor, among other laws.


Friedrich Engels - German Socialist philosopher in 1845 wrote about Working conditions in England "The way in which the vast mass of the poor are treated by modern society is truly scandalous…There is no end to the sufferings which are heaped on the heads of the poor." Louis Pasteur - Most doctors scoffed at the germ theory until the French chemist Louis Pasteur, in 1870, clearly showed that microbes are the cause of specific infectious diseases, until 1870.Rise of Cities - the promise of available employment, immigration, lower mortality rates due to better sanitation and health care, and the attraction of cultural activities caused the growth in urban cities. mutual-aid societies - Due to the harsh conditions of industrial life, people formed mutual-aid societies, which were self-help group to aid sick or injured workers.


The standard of living - in a given society, it is the standard measure of the quality and availability of adequate living necessities and comforts.

Class Quiz #241. Eighth-hour work days, improved safety measures, and the outlawing of child labor were all accomplishments fought for byA) labor unions. B) mutual-aid societies.C) business leaders. D) the bourgeois.

2. When people have access to both the necessities and comforts of society, they are considered to have an adequateA) degree of wealth. B) way of life.

C) lifestyle. D) standard of living.

3. Most doctors did NOT believe in the __________, which states that microbes are the cause of specific infectious diseases, until 1870.A) pasteurization process B) germ theoryC) infection theory D) hygiene and sanitation doctrine

Class Quiz #24

4. Cities grew by the millions due to theA) decreased mobility of urban dwellers.B) existence of government housing subsidies.C) promise of available employment.D) existence of a drought throughout the nation's rural areas.

5. In order to help sick or injured colleagues, workers formedA) social clubs.B) labor unions.C) mutual-aid societies.D) medical clinics.

Quick Write:Labor unions fought to protect workers from unfair business practices. Do you think they are still important today?

UNIT 3 TESTChapter 5&6

The New Imperialism (1800–1914)Ch. 9 Sec. 1 Notes #25

European imperialism - began long before the 1800s, but movements into Africa and Asia marked a new age of expansion. Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or regionSphere of influence - an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges. It was a form of Western imperial control.Protectorate - local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity. protectorates cost less to run than a colony did, and usually did not require a large commitment of military force.Direct Rule - The French practiced direct rule in which France ruled over the territories directly making all decisions, while the British relied on a system of indirect rule, using sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers as governors


Social Darwinism - the belief in racial superiority. Imperialists applied Darwin's ideas about natural selection and survival of the fittest to human societies and the practice of colonizing other nations. The White Man’s Burden - many missionaries, doctors and colonial officials believed they had a duty to spread the "blessings" of Western civilization to those "less fortunate," and they brought Western medicine, law, and Christian religion to these areas. Prestige Factor - Western leaders felt that ruling a global empire increased a nation's prestige, or its power to impress or influence because of success or wealth, around the world. The Maxim machine gun - European advances in weaponry, in particular the Maxim machine gun and repeating rifle, convinced many Asian and Africans to accept Western control.

Class Quiz #251. In a(n) __________, local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on certain issues.A) prestige B) protectorate C) sphere of influence D) imperialism

2. What weapon helped the Europeans subdue resistant non-Western colonies?A) the cannon B) the Maxim machine gun C) the bayonet D) the submarine

3. Western leaders felt that ruling a global empire increased a nation's __________ around the world.A) imperialism B) prestige C) protectorate D) sphere of influence

4. Which phrase best describes the term sphere of influence?A) a sense of national pride and aggressive foreign policyB) an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privilegesC) the power to impress or influence because of success or wealthD) domination by one country of political, economic, or 5. cultural life of another country

5. European __________ began long before the 1800s, but movements into Africa and Asia marked a new age of expansion.A) sphere of influence B) protectorate C) prestige D) imperialism

QUICK WRITE:Rudyard Kipling’s poem “The White Man’s Burden” refers to the native people of Africa as “half devil and half-child”. Is this a racist poem? How does it reflect the idea of Social Darwinism?


• Africa Through the 1700s - Europeans did NOT travel to the interior of Africa until the 1800’s because of resistance by Africans, difficult geography, and diseases

• Dr. David Livingstone - crisscrossed Africa for 30 years as a missionary and explorer. He believed that the only way to end the cruelty of the slave trade was to open the interior of Africa to Christianity and trade.

• Henry Stanley - trekked into Central Africa to find Dr. Livingstone, and in 1871 finally found him in what is today Tanzania.

• Christian missionaries - wanted to replace African cultures with their own. To most missionaries, African cultures and religions were "degraded," and they urged Africans to embrace Western civilization.


• Western-educated African elite – During the Age of Imperialism a Western-educated African elite, or upper class, emerged.

• The Congo Free State - was a large area in Central Africa that was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians. King Leopold II was forced to turn the colony over to the Belgian government in 1908 after International outrage over horrifying reports of Belgian overseers brutalizing villagers.

• Sierra Leone - In 1787, the British organized Sierra Leone in West Africa as a colony for former slaves

• Menelik II - began to modernize Ethiopia and recognized the need to import the latest weapons and recruit European officers to train his army—eventually resulting in the defeat of Italian forces at the battle of Adowa.


• Boar War – Dutch settlers clashed with England who had acquired the cape colony after the discovery of Gold and Diamonds in the Boar (Dutch) lands

• Cecil Rhodes - wanted to expand the British Empire across all of Africa because he believed that the Anglo-Saxon race was destined to greatness. His business interest were Gold and Diamonds and was one of the richest men in the world

Class Quiz #26 1) __________ defeated the Italians when they invaded his country and preserved its independence.A) Rhodes B) Menelik II C) Leopold II D) Livingstone 2) The best known explorer and missionary in Africa wasB) Dr. Livingstone. B) King Leopold II. C) Cecil Rhodes. D) Henry

Stanley.3) Who settled in the British colony of Sierra Leone?A) widowed women and children C) British soldiers B) Native Americans D) former slaves4) Which of the following statements about Christian missionaries in Africa is true?A) Christian missionaries wanted to replace African cultures with their own. B) Christian missionaries wanted to study African cultures and customs. 5) Through the 1700s, Europeans did NOT travel to the interior of Africa becauseC) of the deadly wildlife. D) of superior African armies. C) of its difficult geography, resistance of Africans, and disease.

Quick Write: Who is represented in the cartoon and What does the Cartoon mean


Iran - Before the discovery of oil in the early 1900s, Western powers were interested in Iran because of its location to protect their interests or expand their empire.Concessions - special rights given to foreign powers. When Russia and Britain were both interested in Iranian oil fields, they persuaded the Iranian government to grant them concessions allowing access to oil fields in PersiaSultans - were rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empire.Pashas - In the Ottoman Empire, pashas were provincial rulers who had gradually increased their power by the early 1800s.Ottoman Empire Collapses - nationalism and European powers eager to seize Ottoman lands benefit from the slow crumbling of the Ottoman empire which was weakened by internal revolts and multi-ethnic disputes.


• Armenian Genocide - The Muslim Turks accused Christian Armenians of supporting Russian plans against the Ottoman empire. When they protested, the Turks forced them from the eastern mountains of the empire. The Sultan ordered Armenians slaughtered, and over the next 25 years between 600,000 and 1.5 million were Killed or died

• Egypt Modernizes – Called the “father of modern Egypt” introduced a new tax system, reorganized landholdings, expanded farm production and industrialization, and participated in world trade. He also modernized the military with weapons and western military trainers. He then conquered neighboring Arabia, Syria, and Sudan.

• Suez Canal – in 1859 Ferdinand de Lesseps organized a French company to build the waterway in Egypt to connect the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.

Class quiz #271. Russia and Britain, both interested in Iranian oil fields, persuaded the Iranian government to grant themA) sultans B) concessions C) genocide D) Muhammed Ali2. What triggered the Armenian genocide?A) Nationalism B) Socialism C) Darwinism D) industrialization3. Where is the Suez Canal?A) Russia B) Egypt C) Iran D) Turkey4. Who were sultans?A) canal builders B) rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empireC) long-awaited saviors of the fatih5. Imperialist powers were initially interested in Iran largely because of itsA) Gold B) location C) oil D) fertile farmland.

Quick Write: What is the meaning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo&feature=player_detailpage





• Thomas Macaulay - British historian wrote that "a single shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia," his comment showed how little most people knew about Indian achievements and how they dismissed Indian culture with contempt.

• Cast System – The class you are born into is the only one you will be. Britain ended the use of the cast system

• Britain –encouraging the diverse Indian population to compete against one another and thus keep theme from uniting. And making their local leaders easier to conquer

• Sati - is a Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire.

• Purdah - the isolation of women in separate quarters, was one aspect traditional Indian culture that Ram Mohun Roy wished to reform


• Sepoy – Indian Soldiers in the service of the East India Company

• Sepoy Mutiny – Britain introduced a new grease rifle that used animal fat. The Hindu and Muslim sepoy soldiers refused to use them and rebeled.

• Sepoy Rebellion result - In 1858, Parliament ended the rule of the East India Company and Britain began to rule India directly as a colony.

• Ram Mohun Roy – combine the cultural and scholar views of the west with those from Persia, and Arabia. He founded the Hindu College in Calcutta


• The Indian National Congress – The Western-educated class of Indians called for greater democracy and independence for India, and believed in peaceful protest. They formed a nationalist movement

• Muslim League – At first the Muslims worked with Hindus for Indian independence, but then they became worried about a Hindu government and separated to form their government body.

Class quiz # 281. What British act created a problem for the sepoys, leading to the Sepoy Rebellion?A) the transformation of agriculture B) the issue of new rifles C) the creation of railways D) the strain on the food supply2) Indian Soldiers in the service of the East India CompanyA) Sepoy B) Vice Roy C) sati D) Ram Mohun Roy3) This Group had learned about democracy and equality and wished to end imperialist ruleA) Sepoy B) Western-educated Indians C) sati D) East

Indian Co.4) The class you are born into is the only one you will be is an example of this systemB) Agricultural B) Democratic C) Cast D) Oppressive 5) a Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fireA) Sepoy B) Vice Roy C) sati D) Purdah

Quick Write


• Balance of trade - A nation's balance of trade refers to the difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports.

• China - sold tea to European merchants prior to the 1800s.

• Trade Deficits – China accepted only silver in payment by China for tea which resulted in trade deficits for England.

• Opium - British merchants began making huge profits by trading opium grown in India for Chinese tea, which was popular in Britain.

• The Opium War - was fought between Great Britain and China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice for foreign nationals. Britain beat China and forced five ports to be opened to their trade


• The Boxer Uprising - Anti-foreign feeling finally exploded, and foreigners were attacked across China.

• Guang Xu – Young Emperor of China launched the Hundred Days of reform, setting out to modernize the civil service exams, streamline government, and encourage new industries His reform was called off by the regent, and at the same time put him under house arrest.

• Self-Strengthening Movement - In the 1860s, reformers launched the "self-strengthening movement." They imported western technology, developed shipyards and industry, and translated western works.

• In 1911, the Qing dynasty fell - It was replaced by a new Chinese republic, with Sun Yixian as president.

• Japan – Invades in 1934 in the Sino-Japanese war

Class quiz # 29• 1. Which phrase best describes the term balance of trade?• A) the difference between how much a country imports and how much it

exports• B) a country exports more than it imports• C) payment for losses in a war• D) a country imports more than it exports• 2. Anti-foreign feeling finally exploded with the __________ in 1900,

and foreigners were attacked across China. A) Guang Xu B) Taiping Rebellion C) trade deficit D) Boxer Uprising• 3. What was China's big export to Britain? A) Opium B) tea C) guns D) gold• 4. What was one result of the Opium War? A) Britain gained the island of Hong Kong. B) China became more isolated.• 5. What was the "self-strengthening movement"? A) a movement to humiliate Japan after the Opium War• B) a movement to remain isolated from the rest of the World• C) a movement to implement Western reforms

Quick Write

World War 1 (1914-1924)Ch.11 Sec 1 Notes #30

• World War I - was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved most of the world's great powers

• Allies Powers - (centred around the Triple Entente)The nations of England, France, and Russia. later America would enter the war against Germany

• Central Powers - Germany, Austria, Hungry, and the Ottoman Empire

• The Assanination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria – The assassination of Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, at the hands of Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip is seen as the immediate trigger of the war

• balance of power - a complex network of political and military alliances throughout Europe meant to keep the peace.


• Austria's ultimatum - To avoid war, Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian official involved in the plot to murder Archduke Francis Ferdinand.

• Mobilization - After Austria refused to soften its demands of Serbia, Russia began to its forces.

• France - hoped to recover the border provinces of Alsace and Lorraine which was annexed by Germany following France's loss in the Franco-Prussian War

• The Schlieffen Plan - General Alfred von Schlieffen had thought that Germany should move first against France in order to ensure quick defeat before moving on to Russia

• Great Britain - was neutral in the war until the Germans invaded Belgium (also a neutral country). The Germans had hoped to march through Belgium and crush France's army.

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 1 Notes # 1. What is another name for the alliance between France, Britain, and Russia?A) The Powder Keg B) The Triple EntenteC) The Ottoman Empire D) Pan-Slavism2. If a nation were to mobilize for war, what would it be doing?A) preparing military forces B) retreating from conflictC) raising tension through inaction D) keeping the peace3. What term describes the final set of demands issued by Austria to Serbia after the Archduke's assassination?A) machinery of war B) unconditional supportC) Ultimatum D) militarism4. The Schlieffen Plan was developed as a plan of attack againstA) Germany. B) Italy. C) France. D) Britain.5. Why did the British declare war on Germany in 1914?A) to protect Belgium B) to punish SerbiaC) to gain colonies D)to gain territory

Quick Write:How did Imperialism and Nationalism increase tension and fighting around the world?


• World War I - was different from earlier wars because it was the first war to make use of modern technology and machinery. World War I was the first war to use modern weapons such as machine guns and poison gas, and the first war to employ the technology of tanks, airplanes, and submarines.

• Russia - Of the great powers in WWI, Russia was the least industrialized. Some of Russia's troops even lacked rifles in this modern war.

• Trench Warfare - The Germans, British and French dug deep trenches to help protect their armies from enemy fire on the Western Front where many battles fought. They were often forced to live in the trenches for long periods of time.

• Convoys in World War I – to defend their merchant ships against German submarines, the Allies organized convoys Merchant ships were protected by warships against U-boat attack.


• U-boat - U-boat is the nickname of the German word for submarine

• Airplane - At first, aircraft were utilized simply to observe enemy troop movements.

• Dardanelles - The Dardanelles is a vital waterway in Turkey connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Sea of Marmara, which then leads to the Bosporus and on to the Black Sea.

• Armenian Genocide - The Armenian minority in Turkey was deported, and between 600,000 and 1.5 million died due to planned massacres or starvation. It is sometimes referred to as the Armenian Diaspora or the

• Colonel T. E. Lawrence - Colonel T. E. Lawrence was sent to the Middle East to support the Arab revolt against the Turks. T. E. Lawrence led guerilla raids against the Turks, dynamiting bridges and supply trains. He is also known by what name Lawrence of Arabia

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 2 Notes # 1. World War I was different from earlier wars because it was the first war to make use ofA) modern technology and machinery. B) naval power.B) guerrilla tactics. C) trade alliances.2. At first, aircraft were __________ simply to observe enemy troop movements.A) industrialized B) disastrousC) Utilized D) confronted3. Colonel T. E. Lawrence is also known by what name?A) The Dogfighter B) Colonel SchlieffenC) The Flying Ace D)Lawrence of Arabia4. What group of people was deported and killed by the Turks?A) Armenians B) Greek CypriotsC) Russians D) Romanians5. On the Western Front, where were many battles fought?A) on the water B) in citiesC) in trenches D) in the desert

Quick Write:Suicide in the TrenchesI KNEW a simple soldier boy Who grinned at life in empty joy, Slept soundly through the lonesome dark, And whistled early with the lark. In winter trenches, cowed and glum, With crumps and lice and lack of rum, He put a bullet through his brain. No one spoke of him again.You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye Who cheer when soldier lads march by, Sneak home and pray you'll never know The hell where youth and laughter go.

- Siegfried Sassoon,


• Contraband - The British tried to keep contraband from reaching Germany. During wartime, goods such as military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies are also know as contraband.

• The Turnip Winter" - When the potato crop failed in 1916 and 1917, the German people ate turnips, the next best food in supply since the British were blocking most other goods.

• Conscription or Draft - By 1916, all of the warring nations imposed universal military conscription, requiring all young men to be ready for military service.

• Atrocities - horrible acts against innocent people Tales of atrocities, although sometimes false or exaggerated, were circulated by the British and French press as part of their propaganda efforts.


• Propaganda - the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause. During World War I, governments used propaganda to raise morale and motivate its citizens. Because countries were channeling all their resources into the war, governments Governments used propaganda to control public opinion.

• Siegfried Sassoon - By 1917, war morale was collapsing, British poet and soldier Siegfried Sassoon often wrote about the dark, wasteful aspects of the war in which he fought.

• Vladimir Lenin - was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He served as the leader of the Russia from 1917-1922.

• Russian Revolution - The Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the workers' Soviets, overthrew the Provisional Government in Petrograd.


• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - ended Germany's war with Russia and allowed it to send troops from the Eastern Front to the Western Front. Germany benefited directly from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

• President Wilson - favored self-determination , the right of people to choose their own form of government. Self-determination was favored by President Wilson for the people of Eastern Europe as part of his Fourteen Points.

• Fourteen Points - The overall goal of President Wilson's Fourteen Points was to resolve this and future wars. Wilson hoped to create peace with his Fourteen Points, the list of terms whose goal was to bring World War I (and all wars) to an end.

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 3 Notes # 321. Governments used propaganda toA) control public opinion. B) supply the troops.C) finance the war effort. D) keep the public informed of the facts.2. Another term for "the draft" isA) propaganda. B) self-determination. C) conscription. D) armistice.3. Germans experienced "the turnip winter" of 1916 and 1917 becauseA) turnips are easily stored B) the North Sea region is full of turnips.C) turnips boosted morale. D) the potato crop failed.4. President Wilson favored __________, the right of people to choose their own form of government.A) Conscription B) self-determinationC) Propaganda D) armistice5. What was the significance of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?A) It promised that Germany would no longer utilize U-boats.B) It guaranteed the delivery of rations to soldiers in desolate areas.C) It awarded areas of the Middle East to the Allied forces.D) It ended Russian participation in World War I.

Quick Write:Describe what you see here


• Armistice to Treaty - The Central Powers did not see the armistice as a full surrender. the Central Powers stunned by the Allies' demand for reparations? The Central Powers had seen the armistice only as an agreement to end the fighting. They were surprised to find themselves taking all the blame for the war.

• Colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific - Many colonial troops had joined the war effort hoping that the Allies recognized the importance of self-rule. They felt hopeful about the Paris Peace Conference because they hoped peace would bring an end to imperial rule.

• Mandates - Following World War I, mandates established territories administered by Western powers during the Paris Peace Conference. Britain and France gained mandates over German colonies in Africa, as well as mandates in the Middle East following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Japan and Australia were given mandates over some Pacific islands previously controlled by Germany


• British and French post war Goals - British and French leaders to weaken Germany and make it pay for the war. The Allies blamed the Central Powers for the war, and demanded reparations to pay off huge war debts and costs of reconstruction.

• The Treaty of Versailles - was the name of the agreement that ended World War I? The Treaty of Versailles ended the war. Germany was assigned the aggressor under the Treaty of Versailles and was considered the nation that had started the war. Germany was forced to pay reparations after World War I to England and France as result

• Influenza pandemic - A pandemic is the spread of a disease across a large area—in this case, the whole world. A deadly pandemic of influenza spread across the world in 1918, killing more than 20 million people


• collective security - Woodrow Wilson felt the League of Nations would be based on the idea of collective security, a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all. wanted the idea of a collective security for all nations to be a foundation for a League of Nations to be formed following World War I.

• U.S. Senate dispute over the League of Nations - The Senate was divided over whether or not the U.S. should be compelled by a treaty to fight in future foreign wars, and in the end, the US refused to join the League

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 41. Following World War I, what were the mandates established during the Paris Peace Conference?• A) territories administered by Western powers• B) systems in which groups of nations act as one• C) people who wanted to make extreme changes• D) payments for war damage2. A deadly __________ of influenza spread across the world in 1918, killing more than 20 million people.• A) mandate C) pandemic• B) radical D) convoy3. What was the dispute in the US Senate over the League of Nations?• A) whether or not the US would be obligated to fight another war• B) whether or not Russia would be allowed to join the League• C) whether or not it should be set up in Paris• D) whether or not Germany would need to pay off war debts

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 44. What goal for postwar peace was shared by British and French leaders?• A) to weaken Germany and make it pay for the war• B) to form a postwar alliance with the United States• C) to unite France and Britain into one empire• D) to divide German lands between them5. Why did colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific feel hopeful about the Paris Peace Conference?• A) They suffered the most damage during the war.• B) They hoped peace would bring an end to imperial rule.• C) They wanted to see Germany humiliated.• D) They were slowly accepted into the international community.

Quick Write:If you were a group of people asked to fight for Britain or France under the reassurance that after the war you would gain your own nation, but found that you were lied too… how would you feel towards the western countries?


Tsarina Alexandra - When Tsar Nicholas went to the front lines, Alexandra relied on Rasputin, a self-proclaimed "holy man" who had helped her hemophiliac son, for advice on ruling the country. The March Revolution - Most Russians were tired of a war that had left them hungry and without resources. In March 1917, the people surged through the streets calling for bread.Vladimir Lenin – Leader of the Communist Bolsheviks was provoked to hate the tsarist government when Lenin's brother was executed for planning to kill the tsar, Lenin was seventeen. His family was branded a threat to the state, and this led him to hate the government.Bolsheviks - The name that Lenin gave to the revolutionary party means "majority."


Proletariat - is used to describe the growing class of factory and railroad workers, miners, and urban wage earners.The civil war in Russia - was fought between the "Reds" and "Whites." The communists, or "Reds," were the Red Guards who carried a red flag. The "White" armies were made up of tsarist imperial officers and anyone else who wished to defeat the Bolsheviks.Soviet Commissars – were communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure party loyaltyAfter the Bolshevik Revolution - Russia negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signaling Russia's withdrawal from World War I which affected the hopes of both the Allies and the Central powers.


The Cheka - were a secret police force that acted against individuals suspected of taking action against the revolution.Lenin's death – was the event that set off a power struggle between Communist leaders. Trotsky and Stalin were the chief contenders to rule Russia after Lenin's death. The two men had very different ideas about how the communist government should evolve.

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 51. The civil war in Russia was fought between the "Reds" and "Whites." Who were they?• A) patriots and soviets• B) Marxists and Germans• C) tsarist imperial officers and communists• D) soviets and communists

2. What provoked Lenin to hate the tsarist government?• A) He felt it was overly dependent on Rasputin's advice.• B) The tsar maintained unwavering patriotism in the face of

German oppression.• C) His brother was arrested and hanged for plotting to kill the

tsar.• D) Lenin had support from the nobles in the tsar's

government.

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 53. The name Bolsheviks that Lenin gave to the revolutionary party means• A) "majority.“ B) "minority."• C) "war-weary.“ D) "tsarist."4. What event set off a power struggle between Communist leaders Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin?• the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk• Lenin's death• civil war between the "Reds" and the "Whites"• the abdication of the Tsar5. What conditions helped provoke the March Revolution?• food and fuel shortages as a result of the war• Russian victories on the Eastern front• the refusal of Nicholas II to step down• an alliance with Cenral Powers

Quick Write:Comrade Stalin has concentrated an enormous power in his hands; and I am not sure he always knows how to use that power with sufficient caution”- Lenin

What do you think Lenin About thought about Stalin?

END OF

SEMESTER 1

Nationalism and Revolution(1910–1939) Ch.12 Sec 1 Notes # 1

Haciendas - were large plantations controlled by the landowning elite. Most peasants in Mexico worked on haciendas controlled by the landowning elite.1910 Revolution in Mexico - The main cause of was the government's disregard for human rights. In Mexico, small groups of wealthy landowners kept the economic benefits of the booming economy for themselves while the growing middle and lower classes had very little. These inequalities eventually led to revolution.Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Venistiano Carranza - launched a rebellion against General Huerta who assassinated President Madero.Carranza – A wealth Hacienda owner then turned on Villa and Zapata defeating them and becoming President.

Nationalism and Revolution(1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 1 Notes # 1

The Mexican Constitution of 1917 - permitted the breakup of large estates and allowed nationalization, or government takeover, of natural resources. Economic nationalism - refers to the emphasis on home control of the economy. Latin American countries were determined to develop their own industries so they would not have to buy so many products from other countries.Women's’ Rights - The Mexican Constitution of 1917 only gave suffrage to men, women doing the same job as men were entitled to the same pay. U.S. Role - After World War I, the U.S. continued to play the role of international policeman, intervening to restore order whenever it felt its interests were threatened.

Class quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 11. The Mexican Constitution of 1917 permitted the breakup of large estates and allowed __________ of natural resources.A) Good economics B) nationalization C) Good Neighbor Policy D) haciendas2. Under the Constitution of 1917, which of the following statements about women in Mexico is true?A) Women were entitled to the same pay as men. B) Women could not work.C) Women could vote. D) Women had to give their husbands their money.3. Who was Mexico’s first President after the revolution?A) Villa B) Carranza C) Huerta D) Zapata 4. Most peasants in Mexico worked on __________ controlled by the landowning elite.A) haciendas B) cultural nationalisms C) murals D) nationalizations5. After World War I, the U.S. continued to play the role of ________________, intervening to restore order whenever it felt its interests were threatened.A) World Bully B) hacienda Enforcers C) National World leader D)international policeman

6. que es más guapo?A) Julio Englias B) Senior Coleman

Quick Write:

Has The United States been a good neighbor to Mexico?

Nationalism and Revolution (1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 2 Notes # 2

Apartheid - In South Africa, apartheid was a system of strict segregation, restricting the rights of blacks. During Apartheid whites strengthen their grip on South Africa by imposing this system of segregation. The goal was to ensure their economic, political, and social supremacy.African National Congress - was an attempt by black South Africans to protest unfair laws. Africans tried to deal with the injustices faced under the system of white rule by forming a political party though their efforts had no immediate effect on South Africa's white governmentThe Négritude Movement - French-speaking writers in West Africa and the Caribbean expressed pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule.Pan-Africanism - During the 1920s, Pan-Africanism began to nourish the nationalist spirit and strengthen resistance for Africans and peoples of African descent. It emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent worldwide.

Nationalism and Revolution (1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 2 Notes # 2

Asia Minor - Following World War I, the area in Asia Minor, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea called the Turkish peninsula is where Turks resisted Western control and fought to build a modern nation of Turkey.Ataturk - modernized Turkey along western lines and separated religion from government.The European Zionist - or Jewish nationalist movement, a response to growing anti-Semitism in Europe, desired the rebuilding of a Jewish state in Palestine.Balfour Declaration - the British advocated the idea of setting up "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.Egypt - was granted independence in 1922, but Britain still controlled its monarchy. A broad Islamic nationalism in the guise of an organization called the Muslim Brotherhood was fostered in Egypt in the 1930s that rejected British (and Western) culture.

Class quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 21. French-speaking writers in West Africa and the Caribbean awakened self-confidence among Africans throughA) Balfour Declaration. B) négritude movement. C) Pan-Africanism.

D) Pan-Arabism.2. Which term describes the Turkish peninsula between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea?A) Nigeria B) Major Asia C) Asia Minor D) the Middle East3. In 1917, the British attempted to win the support of European Jews by issuing theA) Asia Minor Treatise. B) Pan-Arabism Defense. B) C) négritude movement. D) Balfour Declaration.4. During the 1920s, __________ began to nourish the nationalist spirit and strengthen resistance for Africans and peoples of African descent.A) Pan-Africanism B) négritude movement C) Asia Minor D) apartheid5. African Nationalism brought little political change to any one nation with the exception ofA) Egypt. B) Senegal. C) Kenya. D) South Africa.

Quick Write

When Britain issued the Belfour Declaration what do you think was the result and attitude of the Arabs that lived in Palestine at the time?


Amritsar massacre - On April 13, 1919 in Amritsar, a city in northern India, General Reginald Dyer and 50 soldiers opened fire on an unarmed crowd, killing nearly 400 people and wounding more than 1,000. Ahimsa - is the ancient Hindu doctrine providing for nonviolence and reverence of all life.Mohandas Gandhi - was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. He used nonviolent civil disobedience. Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.The Spinning Wheel - The symbol of the nationalist movement that Gandhi promoted as part of a series of nonviolent actions against British rule?


The Untouchables - Gandhi fought hard to end the harsh treatment of untouchables, who were members of the lowest castes, or classes, in India.Salt - The British government required Indians to buy only salt sold by their monopoly, while natural salt was plentiful and easily available to Indians from the sea.Boycott - Gandhi called for Indians to boycott British goods, especially cotton textiles. To boycott something is to refuse to buy it.Muslim and Hindu conflict - As India moved closer to independence, internal tensions arose between Muslims and Hindus. Muslim feared of the Hindu majority in India.Independence Postponed - At the start of World War II, Britain outraged Indian leaders by postponing independence and bringing Indians in to the war without consulting them.

Class quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 31. The British opened fire on an unarmed crowd A) boycott B) Amritsar massacre C) ahimsa D) civil disobedience2. Gandhi called for Indians to __________ British goods, especially cotton textiles.A) Quarantine B) boycott C) discriminate D) ahimsa3. What symbol of the nationalist movement did Gandhi promote as part of a series of nonviolent actions against British rule?A) the spinning wheel B) the Hindu religion C) tea D) the untouchables4. As India moved toward independence, tensions arose betweenA) Muslims and Christian missionaries B) Muslims and Hindus.B) Britain and Pakistan. C) Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.5. What product does Indian have plenty of, but England still forced them to buy it from them?A) Guns B) Pepper C) Lamb Wool D) Salt

Quick Write:Why do you suppose the practice of non violent protest works? Do you think that you could use non violent tactics when being treated badly?


May Fourth Movement - The goal of the was to strengthen China through reform and learning from the West. It Started after Allies gave Japan control over some former German possessions in China, was to strengthen China.Vanguard - is a group of elite leaders, and the Soviet Union hoped to train Chinese students and military officers to become the vanguard of a communist revolution and that its aid to the Chinese would create a communist revolution in China.Guomindang – Nationalist party led by Sun Yixan. Western democracies refused to help, so Sun accepted aid from the Soviet Union and joined forces with the small group of Chinese communists as he tried to spread his government's rule over all of China.


Jiang Jieshi - After Sun Yixian's death in 1925, Jiang Jieshi took over the Guomindang. He used the communist to crush the warlords but then turned on them as a threat to his governmentRed bandits - Jiang called the Communists "Red bandits" and led the Guomindang in a series of "extermination campaigns" against them.Long March - The Chinese Communists' were forced on an epic retreat from 1934 to 1935, the Communists retreated into a remote region in northern China during what is now called the Long MarchMao Zedong - young leader of the communist party. During the Long March, the Communists were disciplined and treated peasants politely. Their behavior made them welcome and strengthen their position among the people.


Japanese Invasion - Japan invaded northern China in 1931.The rape of Nanjing - The Japanese attack on the city of Nanjing known. The Japanese killed hundreds of thousands of people after the city's surrender and brutalized still more

Class Quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 41. The goal of the __________, which erupted after Allies gave Japan control over some former German possessions in China, was to strengthen China.A) Jiang Jieshi B) May Fourth MovementC) Twenty-One Demands D) Long March2. The Chinese Communists' epic retreat from 1934 to 1935 is known as theA) Long March. B) Twenty-One Demands.C) May Fourth Movement. D) Guomindang.3. Which country offered Sun Yixian help as he established his government?A) Japan B) the Soviet Union

C) Germany D)the United States

4. Jiang Jieshi's name for the Communists was the

A) twin evils. B) Red bandits. C) Guomindang. D) Shanghai proletariat.

Quick Write:After Jiang Jieshi turned on communist and had almost defeated the them completely when he gave in and decided to work with them again to fight the Japanese. Do you think the Communist actually trusted him this time? What would you do if you were the communist leader Mao?


1922 Naval agreement - In the spirit of world peace, Japan signed an agreement with the United States and Britain to limit the size of its navy.Japan in the 1920s - The younger generation in Japan was in revolt against tradition. They began to adopt Western fads and fashions.Emperor Hirohito - reigned over Japan from 1926 to 1989 an astonishing 63 years1923 Earth Quake - A low point in the Japanese economy occurred when a devastating earthquake, one of the most destructive quakes in history, struck the Tokyo area in 1923.The Great Depression - hit Japan with devastating force, as unemployment in the cities soared and rural peasants faced starvation.


Japanese Government - Despite leaning toward greater democracy, political parties were manipulated, or influenced skillfully, by the zaibatsu, Japan‘s powerful business leaders.Ultranationalists - The Great Depression fed the discontent of extreme nationalists, or ultranationalists, who condemned politicians for agreeing to Western demands to stop overseas expansionManchurian incident - The Japanese military provoked an incident that provided an excuse to attack Manchuria. They then set up a puppet state, governed by Puyi, without the consent of the Japanese government.League of Nations vs. Japan - When the League of Nations condemned Japanese aggression against China, Japan simply withdrew from the League.

Class quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 51. Who was emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989?A) Puyi B) Manchuria C) Hirohito D) Shandong2. Despite leaning toward greater democracy in 1920s Japan, political parties were __________ by its powerful business leaders.B) occupied B) manipulated C) ultranationalist D) recovered 3. What natural disaster shook the Japanese economy in 1923?A) tsunami that flooded HonshuB) an earthquake that struck the Tokyo areaC) a blizzard that crippled OkinawaD) a monsoon that flooded Manchuria4. In 1931 the Japanese military seized __________ and set up a puppet state there.C) Bejing B) Zaibatsu C) Manchuria D) Tokyo5. The __________ condemned Japanese aggression against China.A) Hirohito B) League of Nations C) ultranationalists D) Axis Powers

Quick Write:Use the Map on page 412. You are in charge of Japan. You have built factories, but Japan is an island and it needs recourses to run those factories. What do you do?

End of Chapter 12

Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939) Ch.13 Sec 1 Notes # 6

After World War I - Although most women left jobs they had held during the war after it ended, their war work helped them win the vote in many Western countries, and in many western countries women were allowed to work in all of the same fields as men.The postwar atmosphere of emancipation - women began to work as reporters or novelists, and they became golfers and tennis players.The Harlem Renaissance - During the Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural awakening, African American writers and artists expressed their pride in their unique culture.Jazz Music – In the United States African American musicians combined Western harmonies with African rhythms to create jazz.Christian fundamentalist movements - An opposing reaction to the freedoms and looseness of morals of the jazz age swept through rural areas.


Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud pioneered psychoanalysis, a method of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders.Abstract Art – a type of artwork that was composed only of lines, colors, and shapes, sometimes with no recognizable subject matter at all? Artists such as Kandinsky and Klee moved further away from representing reality in developing abstract art.Albert Einstein – a German-born physicist with advanced theories of relativity introduced his theories of relativity in 1905 and 1916.?Prohibition - a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, was a manifestation of conservative values in the United States, and took effect in 1919.Post WWI Literature - the postwar period reflected writers' loss of faith in western civilization. To many postwar writers, the war symbolized the moral breakdown of Western civilization.

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 11. Jazz was pioneered byA) Mexicans. B) African Americans C) Europeans. C) Canadians.2. Freud's ideas led to a method of understanding the mind calledA) dada. B) Prohibition. C) surrealism. D) psychoanalysis.3. What type of artwork was composed only of lines, colors, and shapes, sometimes with no recognizable subject matter at all?A) Flapper B) Abstract C) Dada D) Surreal4. Literature in the postwar period reflected writers' loss of faith inA) stream of consciousness. B) surrealism.C) western civilization D) human nature. 5. Which German-born physicist advanced the theories of relativity?A) Marie Curie B) Leon Blum C) Sigmund Freud D) Albert Einstein

Quick Write:Show me an example of Abstract Art


A general strike - is a strike by workers in many different industries at the same time. In 1926, a general strike lasted nine days and involved some three million workers. Red Scare – The fear of a communist takeover of the United States moved Congress to pass tough laws limiting immigration from Central Europe.The Problem with Overproduction - Better technology allowed factories to make more products faster during a time when people were buying less, which resulted in overproduction. Overproduction is a condition in which the production of goods exceeds the demand for them.The Great Depression - In the autumn of 1929, fears about the economy led many to sell their stocks, and as a result, The United States Stock market crashed which triggered a global economic collapse .


The New Deal - Franklin D. Roosevelt's introduced a massive package of economic and social programs known as the New Deal to combat the Great Depression.Maginot Line - To protect themselves from German invasion and prevent an invasion, the French build massive fortifications called the Maginot Line along its border with Germany.The Locarno treaties - were signed by seven European nations to settle Germany's disputed borders with France, Belgium, and Czechoslovakia. The Locarno treaties became the symbol of a new era of peace.IRA - (Irish Republic Army) Fought for a free Ireland. The group used Terrorist tactics such as car bombs.


Irish Independence –Moderates from both side agreed that most of Ireland would be self-governed, but that England would remain in control of Northern Ireland. The IRA would fight for decades about the division.Kellogg-Briand Pact – An agreement in which all the countries of Europe “renounced war as an instrument of national policy”.League of Nations – Proved to be weak. The United States never joined the League and though it condemned Japan’s invasion of Manchuria, the League was powerless to stop it. Dictators such as Hitler noticed the League’s weakness.

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 21. Better technology allowed factories to make more products faster during a time when people were buying less, which resulted inA) overproduction. B) general strike. C) disarmament. D) finance.2. Which crisis in finance triggered the Great Depression?A) Many businesses began to close.B) World War II began.C) The New York Stock Exchange crashed.D) American banks demanded repayment of foreign loans.3. How did Congress respond to the "Red Scare?"A) Congress ratified a bill to send military assistance to Germany.B) Congress passed laws limiting immigration from Europe.C) Congress had all foreign-born immigrants deportedD) Congress passed laws to safeguard nuclear weapons.

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 2 Continued4. To protect themselves from German invasion, the French built theA) Maginot Line. B) Kellogg-Briand Pact.C) New Deal. D) Federal Reserve.5. Which important Nation never Joined the League of Nations which in turn weakened it as an organization?B) Great Britain B) FranceC) United States C) Japan

Quick Write:If you saw that the School security did nothing to people leaving class without permission, would you stay in class everyday?So how do you think Hitler saw the League of Nations in ability to do anything about Japan’s invasion of Manchuria


After World War I - Returning veterans faced unemployment in post-war Italy. Trade declined and taxes rose, and the government seemed powerless to end the crisis.Italian government - Italians accepted the use of violence by the Fascists because they had lost faith in constitutional government.Black Shirts - Mussolini's "combat squad" Party militants, known as the Black Shirts because they wore black shirts to emulate an earlier national revolt, rejected the democratic process in favor of violent action.Fascism - In 1919, Mussolini organized the Fascist party, a name derived from the Latin fasces. Fascism is an ideology that is anti-democratic and in favor of aggressive foreign expansion. It is rooted in extreme nationalism, which is destructive to basic human rights.


March on Rome - In October 1922, The Fascists party swarmed the Italian capital and made a bid for power, tens of thousands participated in the MarchMussolini - was a charismatic speaker who organized Italians into the Fascist party, which symbolized unity and authority. He promised to end corruption and replace the turmoil of post-war Italy with order.The Fascists State - The most important thing to Fascist is the glorification of the state, and the individual was unimportant except as a member of the state.Totalitarian State – A one party dictatorship that tries to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens.Mussolini’s totalitarian state - Mussolini built the first totalitarian state, a one-party dictatorship that attempted to regulate every aspect of the lives of Italian citizens.

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 31. Mussolini's "combat squad" supporters

were known asA) ideology. B) totalitarian state. C) Black Shirts. D) March on Rome.2. Mussolini coined the termA) totalitarian state. B) Vatican City.C) ideology. D) fascism.3. What was most important to the Fascists?A) Agriculture B) the individualC) Marxism D) the state

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 3

4. When Fascists in Italy made a bid for power, tens of thousands participated in theA) totalitarian state. B) Proclamation of Naples.C) March on Rome. D) Black Shirts.

5. Mussolini was responsible for building the firstA) totalitarian state. B) March on Rome.C) ideology. D) Il Duce

Quick Write:Democracies are slow because everyone must debate and consider all sides. Do think it would be better to have just one person decide things


Joseph Stalin – Took over control of the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin by exiling his opponent. He turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state. “Cult of Personality” – Stalin wanted to control the hearts and minds of Soviet citizens by relentlessly distributing propaganda in his cult of personality.“Show Trials" - Old Bolsheviks or party members confessed to crimes after being tortured or threatenedCommand Economy – The government makes all the basic economic decisions. That is the Government sets the price and quantity of goods.Atheism – the belief that there is no god, became official state policy in the Soviet Union.


Collectives – Large farms owned and operated by peasant groups. The government provides the farm equipment. The people could keep all personal items, but all farm animals and supplies were turned over to the collective. Kulaks – Wealthy farmers that resisted attempts at collectivization.Terror famine – After Stalin liquidated the Kulak’s farms, some angry peasants protested by growing just enough food for themselves. Stalin ordered that all their grain be taken leaving the peasants to starve. Combined with poor harvest about 5 to 8 million people died in the Ukraine.Gulag - Critics of the Soviet system were rounded up and sent to the Gulag, a system of brutal labor camps spread throughout the Soviet Union.


The Purge Great – Stalin has the secret police crack down on military leaders, Party officials, industrial leaders, and anyone else that would pose a threat to him. They were sent to the Gulag. Many did not even get a trial. Socialist Realism – A state mandated art style that Stalin hoped would show the Soviet Union in a positive light

Video: Cult of Personalityhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7xxgRUyzgs0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7xxgRUyzgs0



Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 41. The Soviet Union developed a __________ in which government officials made all basic economic decisions.A) socialist realism B) Comintern C) command economy D) russification2. Stalin believed that __________ were resisting collectivization by killing farm animals and burning crops.A) the kulaks B) the collectives C) the gulag D) the Comintern3. Which phrase best describes the Gulag?A) large farms owned and operated by peasants as a groupB) an organization of wealthy farmersC) a system of brutal labor campsD) organizations aiding revolutionary groups around the world

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 44. What were the public "show trials" in Moscow between 1936 and 1938?A) Immigrant farmers were put on trial for insisting on their own land within Russian borders.B) Trials in which former Communist leaders confessed to crimes after officials tortured them or threatened their families.

5. What was one unintentional result of Stalin's purges?A) Stalin increased his power through his terror tactics.B) Stalin got rid of many of the nation's most skilled and talented workers, soldiers, and thinkers.C) Stalin got rid of any rivals who were plotting against him.D) Stalin discouraged the people's dissent.

Quick Write:Stalin’s “Cult of personality” was based in propaganda posters like these. What message is he trying to send?What message would you want for your propaganda posters to send here on campus?


After WWI – Germany created a Democratic government known as the Weimer Republic led by a Chancellor, or prime minister.Ruhr Valley – A coal rich valley which belonged to Germany, but became occupied by France when Germany fell behind in their Retribution paymentsGerman worker’s protest leads to Inflation - When German workers protested Frances occupation of the Ruhr valley by not working Germany supported them by continuing to pay the workers. Printing more money to pay the workers led to greater inflation and the mark dropped in value.NAZI - Hitler joined a little known political organization after WWI, which he renamed to the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or NAZI


Propaganda - Hitler used mastered propaganda forming flags, badges, and uniforms for his party.Brown Shirts – Hitler formed his own police force for his political party called the SA, but they were known for the color of their shirts.The Beer Hall Putch – Hitler’s failed attempt to overthrow the government and landed him in JailLebensraum – “living space” for the Aryan People. Mein Kampf - Hitler drafted his views and obsession with extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism.The Promises – NAZI membership increased as unemployment rose in Germany. Hitler promised to create jobs, end reparation payments, and defy the treaty of Versailles and rebuild Germany’s Army.


Chancellor – Hitler was elected in 1933Fuhrer - is “leader” or "guide" in the German Language. A year after he was elected Chancellor he became the Fuhrer or dictator of GermanyHitler Youth - The Nazis indoctrinated young people. Youth were took on hikes and sent to camps, the "Hitler Youth" pledged absolute loyalty to Germany and undertook physical fitness programs to prepare for war.Kristallnacht – “night of shattered glass” a destructive rampage against Jews. German mobs smashed widows of Jewish homes and businesses and burned Synagogues. 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed and 100 Jews were killed.


German women - women's roles were limited by the Nazis, and they were dismissed from upper-level jobs.Anti-Semitism – Irrational hostility or hate towards the JewsNuremberg Laws – racial laws that excluded German Jews from German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and German citizens.

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 51. The Nazis indoctrinated young people byA) encouraging marriages as quickly as possible.B) giving them the best health care available.C) sending them to Switzerland.D) creating the "Hitler Youth.“

2. The __________ deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed severe restrictions on them.A) Nuremberg Laws B) GestapoC) Ruhr Valley D) Chancellor

3. In the Weimar Republic, the parliamentary system was led by aA) regime. B) chancellor.C) Gestapo. D) passive.


4. German workers in the __________ refused to work when the French occupied the area.A) Regime B)Third ReichC) Gestapo C) Ruhr Valley

5. How were German women treated by the Nazi regime?A) They were placed in high-ranking jobs.B) They were offered scholarships to the universities.C) They were dismissed from upper-level jobs.

D) They were despised as much as the Jews.

Quick Write:These are images from Kristallnacht. If this were happening to you and your family how would you feel and what would you do?

World War II (1931 - 1955) Ch.14 Sec 1 Notes # 11

Military Build-up - Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by building up the German military, and by then sending troops into the Rhineland in 1936. Anschluss – A union with Hitler’s native land Austria through invasion and annexationSudetenland – a region of western Czechoslovakia (one of only two Eastern Europe democracies). Hitler demanded that Germans living in the region be given autonomy or annexed. Munich Conference – the Western democracies Britain and France in an act of appeasement convinced Czechoslovakia to give up the Sudetenland to Germany without a fightAppeasement - western democracies adopted a policy of appeasement, or the giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace, after Hitler invaded Rhineland on the German-French border.


Francisco Franco – Led a revolt in Spain that started a civil war. National fascist supported Franco. Franco was supported by Hitler and Mussolini. The Nazi’s used the Spanish civil war to test their new weapons. Russia sent troops to fight against the Franco and the Nazi.Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact in 1939 - Germany and Russia agreed to share Poland on the condition that neither would move aggressively against the other, even though they were on opposing sides during World War IIInvasion of Poland – German forces invade Poland in 1939. Two days later Britain and France declare war on Germany.Neutrality Acts – A series of acts designed to keep America out the war. The first was banned American from providing weapons to nations at war. The second banned loans to nations at war.Axis Powers – An Agreement created by Mussolini between Germany and Italy. Later joined by Japan

Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 11. Which of the following countries made up the Axis powers?A) Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States B) Japan, Germany, and Italy C) Russia, Germany, and Japan D) United States, Great Britain, and France

2. Which country did Germany and the Soviet Union agree to divide up between them in the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939?A) Czechoslovakia B) Poland C) France D) Hungary

3. Adolf Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles byA) refusing to pay reparations to the Allies. B) building up the German military. C) dropping out of the League of Nations. D)Both A and B

Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 14. At the Munich Conference of 1938A) the British and French chose appeasement as their strategy with the Germans and convinced Czechoslovakia to give up the Sudetenland. B) the United States agreed to form an alliance with Great Britain and France in order to defend Europe from German aggression. C) the French ceded control of the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany. D) Italy agreed to withdraw from Ethiopia, and Germany agreed to withdraw from Sudetenland.

5. Giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace is known asA) pacifism. B) neutrality. C) appeasement. D) militarism.

Quick Write:If someone demanded your lunch would you give it to them just so they go away? What would prevent them from asking for your lunch the next day too?


The Soviet Union and Germany Pact - In 1939, Germany attacked Poland from the east while the Soviet Union attacked Poland from the west, causing the defeat of Poland after only a month of fighting.The blitzkrieg, or "lightning war" - utilized improved tank and airpower technology to strike a devastating blow against the enemy.Luftwaffe - The German air force. It bombed airfields, factories, towns, and cities, and screaming dive bombers fired on troops and civilians as a part of their blitzkrieg offensive.France surrendered to the Germans in 1940 - The Germans occupied northern France and set up a "puppet state" in southern France with its capital.The Vichy government - in southern France collaborated with the Nazis while the French resistance movement was concentrated in the north and in England.Charles de Gaule - escaped to England and set up a government in exile after the German takeover of France. He worked to liberate his homeland of France through the use of resistance fighters and guerilla tactics.


Lend-Lease Act - In March of 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed him to sell or lend war materials to "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States."Pearl Harbor - The Japanese bombed the American fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, killing about 2,400 people and destroying valuable battleships and aircrafts. The next day, President Roosevelt famously told the nation that December 7 was "a date which will live in infamy."Concentration camps - or detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state, were used by the Nazis during World War II. Millions of Jews, Poles, Slavs, and others were sent as slave laborers to concentration camps where many died.


Holocaust - While the Nazis killed approximately 12 million people during the Holocaust, 6 million of them were Jews.The Final Solution – Hitler’s answer to what he called the Jewish problem. The construction of death camps built in Poland designed for the sole purpose of exterminating the Jews. German engineers designed the most efficient means to killing millions of men, women, and children.Genocide – The deliberate mass murder of an entire ethic population Hitler pursued a vicious program to kill all people he judged “racially inferior”, especially European Jews

Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 21. The enormous power of the German military was revealed in their "lightning war", or __________ against Poland in 1939. A) Luftwaffe B) Vichy C) Zerstörung D) blitzkrieg

2. Approximately how many Jews did the Nazis kill during the Holocaust? A) 1 million B) 25 million C) 6 million D) 12 million

3. The German air force was called the A) Luftwaffe. B) Vichy. C) Zerstörung. D) Blitzkrieg.


4. When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? A) June 6, 1944 B) September 2, 1945 C) December 7, 1941 D) September 1, 19395. Who led the "free French" after escaping to England, where he organized the resistance movement aimed at freeing France from German rule? A) Winston Churchill B) Charles de Gaulle C) Neville Chamberlain D) Louis Philippe

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79p8KI-vg_Q&feature=player_detailpage

Video on European Campaign 1939





D-Day - June 6, 1944 (D-Day). The Normandy landings, codenamed Operation Neptune, were the landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy, in Operation Overlord, during World War II. The landings commenced on D-Day The Allied forces encounter strong resistance opposition on Omaha beach.Prior to the D-Day invasion, the Allies gathered the largest fleet ever assembled. The Allied fleet consisted of 4,400 ships and landing crafts, making it the largest fleet ever assembled.V-E Day – Victory in Europe. By early 1945, Allied forces were approaching Berlin from several different directions. On May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered as Allied forces began to surround Berlin.

World War II (1931 - 1955) Ch.14 Sec 3-4 Notes # 13

General Douglas MacArthur - led United States Marines in the summer of 1942 as the United States began a campaign to gradually move American forces toward the mainland of Japan?Island hoping – A policy of by-passing Japanese controlled islands for more strategic targets and choking off supplies to those islands which were skipped. Okinawa - was the location of the most costly and complex operation in the Pacific campaign. Taking Okinawa was the most complex and costly operation in the Pacific campaign, as it involved 500,000 troops and 1,213 warships. The battle cost U.S. forces approximately 50,000 casualtiesKamikaze pilots - Kamikaze pilots agreed to suicide missions in which they crashed their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships.


Admiral Chester Nimitz - commanded the United States Navy in 1944, successfully blockading Japanese ports in 1944 as American bombers pounded Japanese cities and industries.The Yalta Conference - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin agreed to the following terms. 1 - The Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan within three months of Germany's surrender. 2 - Churchill and Roosevelt promised Stalin that the Soviets could take control of southern Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and an occupation zone in Korea. 3 - They also agreed that Germany would be temporarily divided into four zones to be governed by American, French, British, and Soviet forces.


The Manhattan Project - Allied scientists conducted research, code-named the Manhattan Project, in a race with the Germans to harness the atom. In July of 1945, they successfully tested the first atom bomb at Alamogordo, New Mexico.The Bomb – Two different bomb were created “Fat Boy” and “Thin Man”. The first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese city was the target of the second atomic bomb, dropped by the United States on August 9, 1945?The Japanese surrendered soon after the United States dropped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki

Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 3-4 1. Who commanded the United States Navy in 1944, successfully blockading Japanese ports? A) Admiral Chester Nimitz B) Admiral Ernest Joseph King C) Admiral William Halsey, Jr. D) Admiral William Daniel Leahy

2. Kamikaze pilots A) were sent only on the most dangerous missions. B) rebelled against Japanese rule, joining the Allies in late 1944. C) helped the Nazis during their assault on the British islands. D) crashed their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships.

3. American forces embarked on a campaign known as __________, with the goal of recapturing some Japanese-held islands which were used as steppingstones to the next objective. A) the Pacific theatre B) island-hopping C) Operation Free Asia D) the Tokyo Plan

.

Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 34. The Manhattan Project was A) a plan to save New York City from a potential German invasion. B) the name for the overall plan used to eventually defeat the Nazis. C) a project conducted by Allied scientists in an effort to create an atomic bomb. D) a secret spy ring that provided Allied intelligence useful information about enemy activities

5. May 8, 1945, the day after Germany surrendered, officially became known as A) V-E Day. B) Memorial Day. C) V-J Day. D) Veterans Day

QUICK WRITE:"The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar as possible, the killing of civilians. But that attack is only a warning of things to come. If Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war industries and, unfortunately, thousands of civilian lives will be lost. I urge Japanese civilians to leave industrial cities immediately, and save themselves from destruction.“— President Truman in a radio speech August 9, 1945.

According to the above quotation, why did the United States choose Hiroshima as the target for the dropping of the first atomic bomb? What would you have done?


Nuremberg Trials - The Allies put on trial Axis leaders in Nuremberg, Germany for "crimes against humanity. A total of 177 Germans and Austrians were tried, and 142 were found guilty of "crimes against humanity" The Soviet Union - refused to relinquish control over eastern Germany, leading to a divided nation. West Germany became a democratic ally of Western Europe while East Germany was ruled by a socialist dictator under the control of Joseph Stalin. The Truman Doctrine - stated that the United States promised to give military and economic support to any and all nations threatened by communism. Marshall Plan - the United States spent billions of dollars in an attempt to help rebuild Western Europe. The United States feared that without assistance, postwar hunger and poverty might make Western European fall to communism.


Soviet Union – supported communism in Eastern Europe. By 1948, pro-Soviet communist governments were in place throughout Eastern Europe, contributing to the start of the Cold War. The soviet Union demanded that U.S. stop assisting Germany. The Berlin Airlift – After the Soviet Union Blockaded West Berlin, the U.S. and Britain began a round-the-clock airlift of food and fuel to the people of West Berlin. Not wishing war the Soviet Union lifted the Blockade in 1949.North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - In 1949, the United States, Canada, and nine other countries formed a new military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Members pledged to help one another if any one of them were attacked.


The Warsaw Pact - In 1955, the Soviet Union responded to the creation of NATO by forming its own military alliance, the Warsaw Pact. It included the Soviet Union and seven satellites in Eastern Europe.The Cold War - was a state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United States on one side and the Soviet Union on the other, without armed conflict between the major rivals.United Nations (U.N.) - An international peace keeping organization. All member nations belong to the general assembly and 11 representatives serve on the Security Council. The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are the United States, Russia, France, Great Britain, and China.

Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 51. Where in Germany did the Allies have Axis leaders tried for "crimes against humanity"? A) Hamburg B) Berlin C) Nuremberg D) Würzburg2. The state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United States on one side and the Soviet Union on the other was known as the A) Truman Doctrine. B) Cold War. C) Marshall Plan. D) Warsaw Pact.3. Through the __________, the United States spent billions helping to help rebuild Western Europe after World War II. A) Marshall Plan B) Truman Doctrine C) Warsaw Pact D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 54. In 1949, the United States, Canada, and nine other countries formed a new military alliance called the A) Warsaw Pact. B) United Nations. C) Truman Doctrine. D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization5. In 1955, the Soviet Union created its own military alliance called the A) Warsaw Pact. B) United Nations. C) Truman Doctrine. D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Quick Write:How do you feel when someone promises you something and doesn’t follow through on it? What if they do the complete opposite of their promise?Compare that to the Soviets refusal to hold free elections in Poland and to give back East Germany

The Cold War (1945 - 1991) Ch.15 Sec 1 Notes # 15

Superpowers – The united States and the Soviet Union prove to be nations more powerful than the rest of the world nations.Mixed Economy - The economies of Western Europe and the United States can be called mixed economies, where consumers and producers make economic decisions, yet the government also plays an economic role. Communism - the basic ideology of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union sought to spread their communist ideology, or value system and beliefs, around the globe.Berlin Wall - when unhappy East Germans began to flee into West Berlin. The East Germans built a wall that sealed off West Berlin.Policy of Containment – a policy to keep communism within it existing boundaries and prevent further aggressive moves.


Fidel Castro - transformed his country during the Cuban Revolution in 1959, leading his guerilla army to victory and turning Cuba into a totalitarian Communist State The Bay of Pigs – the United States supported an invasion of U.S. trained Cuban exiles. The Exiles were quickly captured. The U.S placed a trade embargo that last todayMissiles in Cuba – In 1962 the Soviet Union sent nuclear missiles to Cuba which is Latin American island Located just 90 miles off the coast of Florida. President John f. Kennedy – Responded by imposing a naval blockade that prevented any further shipments. Kennedy demanded that the Soviet Union remove the missiles from Cuba.


Nikita Khrushchev – The Leader of the Soviet Union. After days in which the world faced the risk of a nuclear war. Khrushchev Finally agreed to remove the nuclear missiles.Fallout shelters - The nuclear threat led many people in the U.S. to build fallout shelters underneath their back yards to deal with fears from during the Cuban Missile Crisis?Détente - a strategy during the 1970’s that caused a relaxation of tensions, and focused on restraining the Soviet Union through diplomatic agreementsStrategic Defense Initiative – (SDI) During the 1980s, U.S. President Ronald Reagan launched a program to build a "Star Wars" missile defense against nuclear attack. Popularly know as “Star Wars” SDI purposed to the creation of a massive satellite shield in space to intercept and destroy incoming Soviet missiles.

Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 11. What step did the East Germans take when unhappy East Germans began to flee into West Berlin?A) They began spying on families.B) They offered West Germans real estate and moneyC) They ignored the exodus.D) They built a massive wall.

2. America's basic policy towards communist countries wasA) superpowers. B) détente.C) Ideology D) containment.

Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 13. __________ launched a program to build a "Star Wars" missile defense system while president.A) Leonid Brezhnev B) John F. KennedyC) Fidel Castro D) Ronald Reagan

4. __________ transformed his country during the Cuban Revolution.A) Nikita Khruschev B) Fidel CastroD) Ronald Reagan D) Leonid Brezhnev

5. Which term best describes a relaxation of tensions between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War?A) START B) détenteC) anti-ballistic missile D) containment


America prospered after World War II - American businesses expanded into markets around the globe, and foreign trade helped the United States achieve a long postwar boom. World War II helped end the Great Depression and redistribute wealth across the United States. The A new American identity that arose following World War II regarded Americans as democratic, tolerant, and peacefulAmerica and the U.N. - The U.N. was chartered in San Francisco and although the headquarters of the League of Nations had been symbolically located in neutral Switzerland, the newly formed United Nations was built in New York City. Japan – After the war, the Japanese emperor lost all political power and a new constitution established a parliamentary democracy. With American assistance postwar WWII Japan successfully produced goods for export, and its Gross domestic product (GDP) which is the total value of goods and services produced in a nation within a particular year increased greatly.


Britain Affected - After World War II, the British Empire faced economic shortages. Britain could no longer afford a large military presence overseas after the war, and so it abandoned its colonial empire in the face of demands for independence. Welfare state - is a country with a market economy, but with increased government responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson - Under the leadership of Democratic presidents Kennedy and Johnson, Congress funded Medicare and other programs that offered housing to the poor, and with pressures of the American Civil Rights Movement led Congress to outlaw public segregation, protected voting rights, and required equal access to public housing and jobs as a result of the civil rights movement for African Americans


Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - a gifted preacher, helped organize boycotts, made stirring speeches, and led peaceful marches during the civil rights movement. He was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference working for racial equality. King followed the peaceful resistance style of Ghandi and was assassinated in 1968

Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 21. Congress began funding Medicare and other social programs under which two leaders?A) Ronald Reagan and George Marshall B) Dwight Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan C) John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson D) Martin Luther King, Jr. and John F. Kennedy2. As postwar Japan successfully produced goods for export, its __________ soared.A) recession B) gross domestic product C) budget deficit D) suburbanization3. Where was the headquarters of the newly formed United Nations built?A) the Sunbelt B) Switzerland C) New York City D) Berlin

Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 24. The pressures of the American Civil Rights Movement led to what significant change for African Americans?A) The government's role in the economy grew. B) The government greatly increased the national budget deficit. C) Congress passed laws that began to end years of segregation and discrimination. D) Congress made Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. an honorary member. 5. Which American emerged as the most respected leader of the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s?A) Konrad Adenauer B) George Marshall C) Ronald Reagan

D) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”- Martin Luther King Jr.

What does this mean?


Mao Zedong – Fought a civil war against the Nationalist Leadership of China. Poor Nationalist economic policies, and China’s reliance on western nations gave support to the Communist cause throughout China.Communist China – Discouraged tradition beliefs systems and Religion. Mao set up a one party totalitarian government, and prison labor camps where many of the former middle class were sent. Great leap Forward – Mao urged his people to make superhuman effort to increase farm and industry output. The great Leap forward failed - because it had cut incentives to farmer to produce, and Industries were producing worthless goods of very low quality


Cultural Revolution – The goal was to promote revolution in the youth as first hand. The youth formed bands of Red Guard who often beat or killed people believed to be bourgeois (middle Class). Factories and schools closed and the economy slowed. The army was sent in to restore order.“The China Card” – A strategic policy followed by the United States to further divide China and the Soviet Union.Taiwan – The nationalist party fled to the island of Taiwan and set up a single party government under martial law.China and Taiwan – China considers Taiwan a break province that should be returned. Taiwan ended martial law and sought independence in the 1980s.


Korean War - The Korean War was a war between the Republic of South Korea (supported by the United Nations and the United States), and the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea (supported by China and the Soviet Union). It was fought between 1950 and 1953 and ended in a stalemate. The Korean War is sometimes referred to as America’s forgotten war.The Korean war - broke out when North Korean leader Kim Il-sung sent North Korean Troops across the 38th parallel attacking South Korea. Kim Il-sung was determined to unify their country in an attempt to take back South Korea by force.


1. What movement urged young Chinese to gain similar experiences to Mao Zedong's own generation, and was launched in 1966?A) Cultural Revolution B) Great Leap ForwardC) Pusan Perimeter D) Playing the China card2. A strategic policy followed by the United States to further divide China and the Soviet Union.A) Cultural Revolution B) Great Leap ForwardC) Pusan Perimeter D) Playing the China card3. The Chinese Nationalist Party fled to this island and set up a single party government under martial law.A) China B) JapanC) Taiwan D) Sigapore


4. __________ was the dictator who ruled North Korea during the Cold War.A) Syngman Rhee B) Mao ZedongC) Kim Il Sung D) Jiang Jieshi5. The Korean war is often referred to as the A) The War for Democracy B) Korean Civil WarC) The forgotten War D) Sung’s War


Division of Vietnam - It was feared that the Communists would win. Although the division of Vietnam was to be temporary, elections were never held for reunification largely because the Americans and Ngo Dinh Diem feared the Communists would win.Dienbienphu - The unexpected Vietnamese victory at Dienbienphu against the French who had a mandate in South Vietnam convinced the French to leave VietnamHo Chi Minh - was a Vietnamese nationalist and communist who had fought the Japanese during World War II and then against the French in what is known as the First Indochina War.


Domino theory - the view that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across Southeast Asia to fall to communism. American foreign policy planners developed the domino theory; the view that if South Vietnam fell to the communists, other governments in the region would also fall, like a row of dominoes.The Gulf of Tonkin in 1964 - the South Vietnamese conducted raids on the North Vietnamese islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. The following day, North Vietnamese attacked the US Navy destroyer, the Maddox.Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - It gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of "conventional'' military force in Southeast Asia.


Tet Offensive - At this point in the war, the nation was bitterly divided over Vietnam. An increasing number of Americans wanted no more "body bags" coming home or television footage of burned Vietnamese villagesKhmer Rouge - group of communist guerrillas gained ground following the American invasion of Cambodia during the Vietnam War, and eventually overthrew the Cambodian government in 1975.Boat People - Hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese fled their country after the war, most in small boats. Many of these "boat people" drowned


Vietnamization - a policy of the Richard Nixon administration during the Vietnam War to end the U.S.' involvement in the war and "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops"Laos and Cambodia - the American withdrawal from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos ended up with governments dominated by Communist. Vietnam gave some possible validity to the domino theory.

Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 31. Which Southeast Asian leader emerged as the leader of the communists in North Vietnam?A) Ho Chi Minh B) Pol Pot C) Ngo Dinh Diem D) Khmer Rouge 2. The __________ was the view that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across Southeast Asia to fall to communism.A) domino theory B) Pol Pot C) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution C) Viet Cong

Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 33. The North Vietnamese attack on a US Navy destroyer, the Maddox, mistakenly believed to have assisted the South Vietnamese raids (and subsequent claims of a second attack) occurred where?A) the Gulf of Tonkin B) Ho Chi Minh City C) Saigon C) the Mekong Delta 4.The fall of which countries to communist forces gives some possible validity to the domino theory?A) Korea and Japan B) Laos and Cambodia C) Japan and Thailand D) Cambodia and Thailand 5) Following the Vietnam War, how did many Vietnamese refugees flee their country?A) by small plane into China B) by train C) in boats C) by tunnels to Cambodia

Vietnam WarHistory Channel Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=WkvjixMBOuQ





Soviet Union Declines – (1)The command economy becomes Stagnate and low wages and lack of incentives led to poor-quality in production. (2) A large military budget to respond the over commitment of troops required to discourage breakaway republics (3) and the expense of nuclear weapons and the competition with United States all led to the decline.Afghanistan – Soviets attempted to modernize the Islamic country and redistribute the land away from the local warlordsMujahedin – Muslim religious warriors led by warlords and cleric fought a gorilla warfare against the Soviets ( The Soviet Vietnam)Mikhail Gorbachev – The new Soviet leader sought to reform the USSR. He signed arms treaties with U.S. and pulled troops out of Afghanistan.


Glasnost – Means openness. The soviet society was encouraged to discuss issues openly without censorship or fear. Perestroika – a restructuring of the government and the economy.Lech Walesa – The leader of the Solidarity organization in Poland which surge forward and broke the Soviet control over Poland as a satellite nationSolidarity – An independent labor Union. With millions of members it demanded political as well as economic change.Vaclav Havel A dissident writer and human rights activist, was elected president of Czechoslovakia


Nicolae Ceausescu – Romania’s longtime dictator refused to step down. Violent overthrow of his government led to his execution.Czechoslovakia – Agreed to split into the two nations Slovakia and the Czechs RepublicChina – introduced economic reform in the 1980’s. However the communist party leaders made no political changeVietnam – Has began to open up it’s country and made economic changesNorth Korea – Has remained isolated under a rigid totalitarian regime with large portions of it’s population starving


1. What term best describes the Muslim religious warriors who battled the Soviet Union in Afghanistan?A) Solidarity B) mujahedinC) Glasnost D) incentives2. The Soviet Union's "Vietnam" was a war fought in which country?A) Lithuania B) AfghanistanC) Poland D) Cuba3. Which Romanian dictator was overthrown and executed in 1989?A) Nicolae Ceauosescu B) Mikhail GorbachevC) Vaclav Havel D) Lech Walesa

Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 34. In 1980, Poles organized __________, an independent labor union.A) Solidarity B) glasnostC) Perestroika D) mujahedin5. What encouraged Gorbachev to bring about reforms when he came to power?A) The Soviet Union was close to victory in Afghanistan.B) The Soviet Union's economy was in bad shape and war continued in Afghanistan.C) Gorbachev had met with presidents Vaclav Havel and Lech Walesa and realized that reforms were needed in Russia.D) Times were prosperous when Gorbachev took over and the people were willing to change.

New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present) Ch.16 Sec 1 Notes # 20

Indian National Congress – An organization that called for the peaceful protest to end the imperialism of India.Mohandas Gandhi - A Hindu political leader that used peaceful protest to demand a stop to Britain’s imperialism of IndiaThe Muslim League - Worried they would have less say in the larger Hindu ran government would Muslims formed their own league led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which helped to create an independent Pakistan for British India's Muslims in 1947.Partition – As violence increased between Hindu and Muslim, a partition, or division, was created by Britain in which the Muslim-majority Pakistan and Hindu-majority India both gained independence from Britain on August 15, 1947.


Jawaharlal Nehru - became the first prime minister of India, leading the country from 1947–1964Kashmir – A state in the Himalayas with both Hindu and Muslim populations. The Hindu leader of the state wanted to join India but the Muslim population wanted to join Pakistan. Fighting broke out and the region is still in dispute to this day.The Golden Temple - is considered to be the holiest shrine to Sikhs religious groupBangladesh - The Bengalis of East Pakistan fought for independence from Pakistan after years of resentment over perceived neglect by the Pakistani government to their needs, eventually forming the independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971.


Nonalignment - was the name of the doctrine in which abiding states declared their political and diplomatic independence from both Cold War superpowers?Islamic fundamentalism - The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan during the 1980's and resentment over U.S. influence in the Middle East and Pakistan helped to contribute to a rise in Islamic fundamentalism.

Pakistan Double cross:http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UpchVKhtU5A

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UpchVKhtU5A




1. Which nation was formerly known as East Pakistan before gaining its independence in 1971?A) Bangladesh B) KashmirC) Bhutan D) Nepal

2. What is the name of the region that borders India and Pakistan and has been the source of conflict between the two nations?A) Kashmir B) BangladeshC) Himalayas D) Nepal

3. A __________, or division, was created in which the Muslim-majority Pakistan and Hindu-majority India gained independence.A) Dalit B) partitionC) Blockade D) secession

Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 14. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan during the 1980's and resentment over U.S. influence in the Middle East and Pakistan helped to contribute to A) Islamic fundamentalism.B) military buildups throughout the Middle EastC) communism. D) a rise in poverty.

5. What is the name of the organization led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah that helped to create the nation of Pakistan?A) Congress Party B) Pan-Indian PartyC) South Asian Leadership D) Muslim League

Quick Write:Muslim-majority Pakistan and Hindu-majority India both have nuclear weapons and distrust and do not like each. Do you think this could be a situation that may start WW3?

New Nations Emerge (4/1/1945 – 4/1/2014) Ch.16 Sec 2 Notes # 21

Lunar Landing – In 1969 Neil Armstrong was the first person to land on the moonGravitational Difference - The Moon and Mars have a surface gravity much less than Earth normal (which called 1g - the g stands for 'gravity'). The lunar surface is at roughly 1/6g and Mars is a 1/3g planet. Sub-orbital tourism - The key to space colonization is transportation from the Earth's surface to the Targeted Planet. U.S. Colonization – Secret plans for a solar satellite colony were hid from the former Soviet Leaders. The U.S. secretly had established a tertiary military Martin Base 20 years ago.Resistance – All Native species were wiped out when they resisted American colonization. The military establish bases. If you are still copying these notes then you are an April’s Fool.

SUCKERS!!!!

YOU ARE ALL

APRIL FOOLS

Quick Write:What was the best April’s Fool Joke you ever played on someone? and What was the best ever played on you?


Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore – Three former British colonies on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo gained independence in the 1950's and joined to form the nation of Malaysia. The oil-rich monarchy of Brunei, on Borneo, and the prosperous city-state of Singapore gained independence as separate nations in 1984 and 1965, respectively. Sukarno - became the first president of an independent Indonesia, said, "We are establishing an Indonesian state which all of us must support. All for all. Not the Christians for Indonesia, not the Islamic group for Indonesia…but the Indonesians for Indonesia—all for all!"President Suharto - seized power of Indonesia in 1966 becoming a dictator that ruled Indonesia for 32 years, from 1966 to 1998. He was finally forced to resign in 1998 following the 1997 Asian financial crisis.


Discrimination in Indonesian – The Chinese minority group became the victim of discrimination and vicious attacks on Chinese and their businesses in the late 1990s in IndonesianEast Timor - Indonesia seized East Timor, a former Portuguese colony, from Portugal in 1975. However, the East Timorese wanted independence leading to a long bloody war which was fought until East Timor received their independence in 2002.An autocratic government - is one that has unlimited power.Aung San Suu Kyi - won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for her "nonviolent struggle for democracy and human rights" in her native Burma?


Philippines - gain independence from the United States in 1946?Ferdinand Marcos - Ferdinand Marcos, elected president in 1965, abandoned democracy. He became a dictator and cracked down on basic freedoms. He even had Benigno Aquino, a popular rival, murdered.Corazon Aquino - When Marcos finally held elections in 1986, voters elected Corazon Aquino, widow of the slain Benigno Aquino. Marcos tried to deny the results, but the people of Manila held demonstrations that forced him to resign during the "people power" revolution.

Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 21. From which country did the Philippines gain independence from in 1946?A) Spain B) Great BritainC) Japan D) the United States2. What is the name of the Filipino dictator, elected president in 1965, that abandoned democracy and cracked down on basic freedoms?A) Benigno Aquino B) Ferdinand MarcosC) Corazon Aquino D) Joseph Estrada3. Which Indonesian minority group became the victim of discrimination and violence in the late 1990s?A) New Guineans B) ChineseC) Thais D) Malaysians

Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 24. Whose victory in the Filipino presidential election of 1986 helped lead to the resignation of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos?A) Corazon Aquino B) Benigno AquinoC) Imelda Marcos D) Joseph Estrada

5. Indonesia seized which former Portuguese colony in 1975, leading to a long bloody war for independence?A) Macao B) the AzoresC) Madagascar D) East Timor


The interior of West Africa, East Africa, and much of central and southern Africa is made up of grasslands with scattered trees, areas known as savannas.The Trouble with Tribalism - a major problem for newly independent African nations after receiving their freedom from colonial powers is that many Africans felt their first loyalty was to their own ethnic group, not to their new national government.European Drawn Borders - European colonial powers had drawn boundaries between their colonies without regard for the territories of the continent's hundreds of ethnic groups. Most African nations gained independence as a patchwork of peoples with diverse languages and religions.


Republic of Biafra - The Ibo people declared the oil-rich southeastern part of Nigeria as the independent Republic of Biafra. A three-year war ensued that left hundreds of thousands dead. In the end, Nigeria's military defeated the Biafran rebels and ended Biafra's independence.Jomo Kenyatta - supported nonviolent methods to end oppressive British laws. Kenyatta was imprisoned in the 1950's, but became the first president of independent Kenya in 1963.Ghana - The first African nation south of the Sahara to win freedom was the British colony of Gold Coast Coup d'état - The forcible overthrow of a government, often by military leaders.


The Democratic Republic of the Congo - a former Belgian colony, contains valuable natural resources including diamonds and the copper of Katanga province. Mobutu Sese Seko - was the dictator of Zaire. The United States supported Mobutu Sese Seko, (now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo), to counter Soviet support for the government of neighboring Angola. Mobutu was finally driven into exile 1997 and the country remains divided.National Liberation Front - Algerian nationalists set up the National Liberation Front which turned to guerilla warfare in 1954 in an attempt to win their independence from France.1992 Algerian - The majority of votes in the 1992 Algerian elections went to Islamists, who wanted government policies to be based on the teachings of Islam are The military rejected Islamic rule and the nation enter civil war.

Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 31. What is the name of the first African nation south of the Sahara desert to win its freedom?A) Zimbabwe B) GhanaC) South Africa D) Mozambique2. The forcible overthrow of a government, often by military leaders, is known as aA) coup d'état. B) demonstration.C) insurrection. D) revolution.3. A rebellion in Nigeria led by the Ibo people resulted in their unsuccessful attempt to create an independent nation briefly known as the Republic ofA) Katanga. B) Biafra.C) Lagos. D) Abuja.


4. The interior of West Africa, East Africa, and much of central and southern Africa is made up of grasslands with scattered trees, areas known asA) plateaus. B) plains.C) savannas. D) jungle5. The majority of votes in the 1992 Algerian elections went to Islamists, who areA) supporters of autocratic dictators throughout the Middle East.B) persecuted minority groups in many Muslim dominated countries.C) democratic allies of the United States.D) people that want government policies to be based on the teachings of Islam.


Kurds – are a group of people, the largest ethnic group in the world without their own nation, they live in a divided area bordering Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey?Israel - In 1947, the UN drew up a plan to divide Palestine into an Arab and a Jewish state. Jews accepted the plan, but Arabs rejected it. After Britain withdrew from Palestine in 1948, Jews proclaimed the independent state of Israel.kibbutzim – Are collective farms that produce crops for export in Israel.Arab League – on 14 May 1948, the Arab States decided to intervene on behalf of Palestinian Arabs, marching their forces into former British Palestine, beginning the main phase of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.


Arab Israeli war - The overall fighting, leading to around 15,000 casualties, resulted in cease fire and armistice agreements of 1949, with Israel holding much of the former Mandate territory. 700,000 Palestinian Arabs were forced from their homes to U.N. set up camps.Anwar Sadat - Egypt, led by Anwar Sadat, became the first Arab nation to make peace with Israel. In 1981, Muslim fundamentalists assassinated SadatThe Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - was formed in 1960 by the world's largest oil producing nations, such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in order to control the price of oil.


Secular government - Some Middle Eastern nations have adopted Western forms of secular, or nonreligious, government and law, keeping religion and government separate.Theocracy – is a government ruled by religious leadersAyatollah Ruhollah Khomeini - claimed that the Iranian monarchy was violating Islamic law and in 1979, overthrew the government and establish Iran as an Islamic republic.Saudi Arabia - has the world's largest reserves of oil out of all the Middle Eastern nations, and it also is home to Islam's holiest city of Mecca.hejabs - Traditional Muslim headscarves and loose-fitting, ankle length garments that women in the Middle Eastern nations are required in some, such as Saudi Arabia and Iran, but not in others, such as Turkey and Lebanon


1. Traditional Muslim headscarves and loose-fitting, ankle length garments known as __________ are required of women in some Middle Eastern nations, but not in others. A) hejabs B) parkas C) kibbutzim D) kippahs2. Which nation proclaimed their independence in 1948 following the British withdrawal from Palestine? A) Egypt B) Israel C) Jordan D) Iraq3. A government ruled by religious leaders is called A) a theocracy. B) a secular state. C) Islamist. D) a dictatorship.


4. Which group of people, the largest ethnic group in the world without their own nation, live in a divided area bordering Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey? A) Persians B)Druse C)Palestinians D) Kurds

5. Which Arab nation, led by Anwar Sadat, became the first to make peace with Israel? A) Egypt B) Jordan C) Lebanon D)Syria

Birth of a Nation: Israelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=vCC3BEwdS0M

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=vCC3BEwdS0M




Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)Ch.17 Sec 1 Notes # 24

Chechnya - is a Russian territory. Muslim Chechen nationalists are currently fighting a brutal war for independence against Russia. Russian troops won control of the Chechen capital of Grozny in 2000, and some Chechen rebels have resorted to committing acts of terrorism against the Russians.Religious conflict in Northern - When Ireland became an independent nation in 1922, the Protestant majority in the northern counties voted to remain a part of Great Britain. Catholics in Northern Ireland have demanded reunification with Ireland, and the two sides have clashed repeatedly over the years.Good Friday Agreement - was the name of the peace accord signed by Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland in 1998?


Quebec - In 1995, the majority of Quebec's people voted in a popular referendum to remain a part of Canada and not to seek independence. Yugoslavia Nationalism - The fall of communism led to nationalist unrest in Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia - Before 1991, Yugoslavia was a multiethnic society, or made up of several ethnic groups. Yugoslavia was made up of six republics, similar to states in the United States. These were Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia.Ethnic cleansing - The practice of killing people from other ethnic groups or forcibly removing them from their homes to create ethnically "pure" areas is known as ethnic cleansing. This was a particular problem in the early 1990's in the former republics of Yugoslavia.


Bosnian Genocide - refers to the killing of more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim or Bosniak men and boys in 1995 by Bosnian Serb forces, as well as the mass expulsion of another 25,000 –30,000 Bosniak civilians, in and around the town of Srebrenica in BosniaKosovo - A region of Serbia which is 90% Albanian. President Milosevic began to repress the ethnic Albanians who responded with guerilla warfare. Serbian military forces began an ethnic cleansing program against Albanians. U.S. and NATO Air strikes forced Serbia to withdraw its forces from Kosovo.Slobodan Milosevic - Serbian president during the 1990s. He was charged with war crimes including genocide, and crimes against humanity in connection to the wars in Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo which ended without a verdict when he died in his prison cell in The Hague on March 11 2006

Class Quiz Ch.17 Sec 11. Which Russian territory is currently engaged in a brutal war for independence against the Russian government?A) Tartarstan B) DaghestanC) Northern Ossetia D) Chechnya2. What was the name of the peace accord signed by Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland in 1998?A) Belfast AgreementB) Protestant and Catholic Reconciliation AgreementC) Good Friday AgreementD) Black Sunday Agreement3. Which Canadian province voted against independence in a 1995 referendum?A) British Columbia B) OntarioC) Quebec D) Nova Scotia

Class Quiz Ch.17 Sec 14. What is the name of the region of Serbia, inhabited mainly by Albanians, that resulted in their persecution by the Serbs?A) Montenegro B) BosniaC) Croatia D) Kosovo5. The practice of killing people from other ethnic groups or forcibly removing them from their homes to create ethnically "pure" areas is known asA) Relocation. B) Ethnic Cleansing.C) Persecution. D) Purity.

Quick Write:Compare Adolf Hitler with Slobodan Milosevic. Can you believe that something Ethnic Cleansing even exist in the modern world?


Sudan - By 2004, ethnic conflict had spread to Sudan's western region of Darfur. This conflict raised fears of a new genocide. Arab militias, backed by the government, unleashed terror on the non-Arab Muslim people of Darfur.Rwanda – An African country. In 1994, extremist Hutu officials urged civilians to kill their Tutsi and moderate Hutu neighbors. Around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were slaughtered. Another 3 million of Rwanda's 8 million people lost their homes to destructive mobs. Tutsis – An ethnic group that dominated political power in RwandaHutus – An ethnic group make up the majority in RwandaApartheid - the government sponsored system of racial separation that existed in South Africa.


Sharpeville - In 1960, South African police gunned down 69 men, women, and children during a peaceful demonstration against apartheid in Sharpeville, a black township.Archbishop Desmond Tutu - won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for his nonviolent opposition to apartheidAfrican National Congress - or ANC, was the main organization that opposed apartheid in South Africa and led the struggle for majority rule. F. W. de Klerk - the South African leader that ended apartheid. Outside pressure and protests finally convinced South African president F. W. de Klerk to end apartheid. In 1990, he lifted the ban on the African National Congress (ANC) and freed Nelson Mandela from jail.


Nelson Mandela - The first president of the post-apartheid South Africa. South Africans of every race were allowed to vote for the first time in 1994. They elected Nelson Mandela the first president of a truly democratic South Africa.


1. Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for his nonviolent opposition to apartheid?A) Nelson Mandela B) F. W. de KlerkC) Mangosuthu Buthelezi D) Archbishop Desmond Tutu2. In which black township did South African police officers gun down 69 peaceful protesters against apartheid?A) Sharpeville B) JohannesburgC) Soweto D) Pretoria3. Who became the first president of the post-apartheid South Africa?A) Nelson Mandela B) Desmond TutuC) Mangosuthu Buthelezi D) Steven Biko


4. In which African nation did Arab militias, backed by the government, unleash terror on the non-Arab Muslim people of Darfur?A) Chad B) SudanC) Mali D) Mauritania

5. Apartheid isA) a region of the Sudan.B) the name of a tribe native to Rwanda.C)the government sponsored system of racial separation

Quick Write:When Arab militias began to carry out Genocidal acts against Muslim people in Darfur, The Jewish nation of Israel supported the Muslims sending millions in aid. Why do you suppose that Israel would do this considering the hatred shown by Muslims towards Jews in the middle east?


Occupied territories - Lands seized by Israel during the 1967 war, known as occupied territories, include the Golan Heights, from Syria, East Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan, and the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt.Intifadas - Uprisings mounted by Palestinians who are opposed to Israel in the occupied territories Insurgents - or terrorists, targeted foreigners and Iraqi troops after American-led forces defeated Saddam Hussein in 2003.Oslo Accord - In 1993, Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin signed the Oslo Accord. It outlined a plan to give Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank limited self-rule.


The Palestinian Liberation Organization - (PLO) recognized Israel's right to exist as a part of the 1993 Oslo Accord.Liberation of Kuwait from Iraq in 1990 - Iraq invaded Kuwait to control its vast oil fields and gain greater access to the Persian Gulf. President George H.W. Bush formed a coalition of Western and Middle Eastern nations to drive Iraq out of Kuwait.Lebanon into a civil war - In 1975, religious tensions plunged Lebanon into a civil war. Christian and Muslim militias, or armed groups of citizen soldiers, battled each other.


the Gaza Strip – Since June 2007 Hamas has governed the Gaza Strip, after it won a majority of seats in the Palestinian Parliament elections and then defeated the Fatah political organization in a series of violent clashes.Hamas – Is classified as a terrorist organization by Israel, the United States, Canada, the European Union, Jordan, Egypt and Japan,Iraq Iran war - During the 1980's, Iraq and Iran fought a long, bloody war which began to reflect Cold War rivalries. Iran was bitterly opposed to the United States. As a result, Iraq was able to secure U.S. support.


1. Lands seized by Israel during the 1967 war from neighboring Arab nations are known asA) Disputed areas. B) Illegal encampments.C) Occupied territories. D) Controversial settlements.2. Uprisings mounted by Palestinians in the occupied territories were known asA) intifadas. B) rebellions.C) revolts. D) jihad.3. Which two religious groups were the main combatants during the Lebanese civil war?A) Muslims and Jews B) Christians and MuslimsC) Jews and Christians D) Sikhs and Hindus


4. Why did the United States and coalition forces attack Iraqi troops in the 1991 Persian Gulf War?A) In order to liberate Kuwait from Iraq.B) To force Saddam Hussein from power.C) to prevent Saddam Hussein from developing weapons of mass destruction.D) Iraq refused to export oil to the United States, Great Britain, and their allies.5. Insurgents, or __________, targeted foreigners and Iraqi troops after American-led forces defeated Saddam Hussein in 2003.A) Terrorists B) AnarchistsC) Patriots D) Martyrs

The Developing World (1945–Present)Ch.18 Sec 1 Notes # 27

Development - The process of building a stronger and more advanced economy and creating higher living standards is known as development. The nations working toward development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as known collectively as the developing world.How do Developing nations progress - Because they are poor, developing nations rely on the wealth of industrialized nations for investment. For example, a developing nation with oil deposits might not have enough money to build its own oil wells and pipelines. So it might turn to a foreign oil company to build these things. In return, the foreign oil company would get some of the income from that oil.


Literacy - The ability to read and write is called. Since a strong economy requires well-trained workers, developing nations built schools to increase literacy, or the ability to read and write.U.N. Fight against Poverty - While the United Nations spends billions of dollars annually on poverty prevention measures, it is still difficult to combat entrenched issues such as rising populations, malnutrition, and the lack of good schools in many developing nations.Family Life in Developing Nations - Because many families in the developing world do not make enough money to buy what they need, parents must also depend on their children's wages to survive. For instance, in India today, around 44 million children work for pay.


Fundamentalist religious leaders - preach for a return to what they see as the fundamental, or basic, values of their faiths.Rapid Urbanization - The rapid urbanization that is occurring in developing nations is being caused by the existence of rural poverty, the belief that cities offer more economic opportunities, and the attraction of stores, concerts, and sports.Green Revolution - New farming methods introduced in the 1950's, including commercially improved seeds, pesticides, and mechanical equipment were collectively known as the Green Revolution..


Traditional Economies - are farmers or craftspeople who make or grow only enough to meet local needs, using simple methods passed down from earlier generations.Shantytowns – Are overcrowded dangerous slums filled with flimsy shacks lacking basic services such as running water, electricity, or sewers

Ch.18 Sec 1Quiz

1. How are developing nations able to progress if they lack the wealth and infrastructure necessary to build successful businesses capable of employing large segments of the population?A) They rely on the wealth of industrialized nations for investment.B) They resign themselves to third world status.C) They take out loans from banks world-wide.D) They keep prices low so that the poor can afford to survive on low wages.2. The ability to read and write is calledA) literacy. B) Site Words.B) phonics. D) development.

Ch.18 Sec 1Quiz

3. Fundamentalist religious leaders preachA) intolerance towards people of different faiths.B) a return to the fundamental, or basic, values of their faithsC) in favor of global assimilation.D) Against governments suspected of violating the freedom4. Which of the following occupations would be considered a part of a traditional economy?A) Lawyer B) FarmerC) Doctor D) Factory worker5. Overcrowded, dangerous slums filled with flimsy shacks lacking basic services are calledA) ghettoes. B) demilitarized zones.C) suburbs. D) shantytowns.


Government subsidies - Many governments kept food prices artificially low to prevent unrest among the urban poor. Low prices, however, discouraged local farmers from growing food crops. Farmers, instead, planted valuable cash crops, such as coffee and cotton. governments of developing nations able to ensure that food remained cheap enough for their poverty stricken people to afford Governments had to subsidize part of the cost to FarmersDesertification - In Sub-Saharan Africa, overgrazing and farming removed topsoil and sped up desertification, or a change from fertile land to desert.


Africa Famine - In the late 1900's, long droughts contributed to famine in parts of Africa. Overgrazing and farming removed topsoil and sped up desertification. The loss of so much farmland and pasture led to famineEndangered Species - Destroyed habitats have caused many kinds of animals to become endangered species, or species threatened with extinctionEco-tourism - Urbanization, farming, and logging have devoured nearly 70 percent of Africa's animal habitats. Eco-tourism provides a steady income to local guides and tour operators, helping to make poaching a disincentive.


Wangari Maathai - In Kenya, an environmental activist named Wangari Maathai challenged government policy by starting the Green Belt Movement. She worked with local women on projects of sustainable development. This is economic development that aims to provide lasting well-being for future generations rather than short-term gains.Socialism - A system in which the government controls parts of the economy is called socialism.Sustainable Development - Economic development that aims to provide lasting well-being for future generations rather than short-term gains is called sustainable development.


AIDS - Since the 1980's, Africa's people have faced the devastating disease AIDS. In nations such as South Africa and Botswana, up to one third of adults were infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. In the early 2000's, the UN estimated that more than 2 million Africans died of the disease each year.

Ch.18 Sec 2Quiz1. What is the name of the Kenyan environmental activist responsible for starting the Green Belt Movement?A) Catherine Ndereba B) Tassin HangbeC) Wangari Maathai D) Jomo Kenyatta2. A system in which the government controls parts of the economy is calledA) socialism. B) communism.C) totalitarianism. D) capitalism.3. Economic development that aims to provide lasting well-being for future generations rather than short-term gains is calledA) incremental development. B) sustainable development.C) progressive development. D) far-reaching development.

Ch.18 Sec 2Quiz

4. Overgrazing and farming removed topsoil in Sub-Saharan Africa, leading to a change in the land from fertile to desert known asA) urbanization. B) desertification.C) a drought. D) a famine.5. How were the governments of developing nations able to ensure that food remained cheap enough for their poverty stricken people to afford?A) Prices remained low through overproduction.B) Governments had to subsidize part of the cost of importing food from overseas.C) Governments depended on aid from international aid organizations.


Tiananmen Square - The huge public plaza at the center of China's capital, Beijing, is called Tiananmen Square. In May of 1989, thousands of demonstrators staged a pro-democracy demonstration there, which was put down brutally by the Chinese government, resulting in thousands of deaths and injuries.Chinese Population Control - In an effort to control their population growth, China instituted a one-child policy in the 1980's, which limited urban families to a single child. Rural families were allowed two.Human rights issues in China - Despite economic reforms, the Communist Party has continued to jail critics and reject calls for political reform. Human-rights activists frequently point to issues like the lack of free speech and the use of prison labor to produce cheap export goods.


Deng Xiaoping - upon becoming leader in 1981 after Mao Died, Deng set China on a path towards economic reform, caring more for improving the economy than in political purity.Four Modernizations - Deng Xiaoping's program for China, the Four Modernizations, emphasized agriculture, industry, science, and defense.Economic growth in China - spurred on by Deng Xiaoping's Four Modernizations program, Economic growth in China helped to cause rapid urbanization, pollution, and the spread of AIDSDalits – India's lowest social class or caste of people is the most discriminated against group in Indian society.


The Indian Economy – India originally adopted elements of a command, using five-year plans to set economic goals, but Beginning in the 1980's, India shifted toward more of a free-market economy after seeing uneven results in their use of a command economy.India Social reform - Recent reforms India have brought improvements for the dalits. However, prejudice and discrimination still persist.India's constitution - banned discrimination against people in the lowest caste, or dalitsBangalore - The city of Bangalore, India, serves as one of the main centers for outsourcing of jobs in the world, particularly in the tech sector. In addition, many Indians in the tech industry are starting their own businesses with Bangalore as their headquarters.

Ch.18 Sec 3 Quiz1. In the 1980's, the Chinese government instituted a one-child policy whichA) stated that only one child per family would be required to serve in the military.B) allowed for free public education for one child per family.C) made it illegal for any Chinese citizen to have more than one child.D) limited urban families to a single child.2. Rapid urbanization, pollution, and the spread of AIDS in China can all be attributed to which of the following?A) a socialist economy B) war with JapanC) corrupt government D) economic growth

Ch.18 Sec 3 Quiz3. Who, upon becoming leader in 1981, set China on a path towards economic reform?A) Mao Zedong B) Jiang ZeminC) Deng Xiaoping D) Chiang Kai-shek4. Which of the following is a human rights issue that China has been heavily criticized for?A) torturing foreign detaineesB) No freedom of speechC) violence Toward minorities D) children inthe military.5. Indian reforms have been enacted to help __________, the most discriminated against group in Indian society.A) Women B) MuslimsC) Dalits D) Sikhs

The World Today (Present)Ch.19 Sec 2 Notes # 29

Terrorism - The use of violence, especially against civilians, by groups - sometimes sponsored by governments that protect and fund them - to achieve political goals is called terrorism.The ETA - a Basque terrorist group, seeks to compel the Spanish government to allow the Basque region in the Pyrenees to secede.Osama bin Laden - the leader of the terrorist group al Qaeda, helped the warlords of Afghanistan drive the Soviet Union out of their country in the 1980's.The September 11 attacks (9/11) - were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks against the world trade center buildings in New York and launched by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda. The attacks killed almost 3000 people


Afghanistan - Osama bin Laden and other al Qaeda leaders were living in Afghanistan in 2001, leading the United States to invade that country after the September 11, 2001, attacks.Taliban - The government of Afghanistan, an Islamic fundamentalist group called the Taliban, refused to surrender the terrorists responsible for attacking the United States. The United States responded by attacking Afghanistan and removing the Taliban from power.al Qaeda - The Islamic fundamentalist group led by Osama bin Laden, was responsible for the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States.Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty - The purpose of the 1968 (NPT) was to ensure that nuclear weapons did not proliferate, or rapidly spread, to nations that had no nuclear weapons.


Department of Homeland Security - The government created a new Department of Homeland Security, and instituted more rigorous security measures at airports and pubic buildings as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.Weapons of mass destruction (WMD's) - include nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. North Korea and Iran - are suspected to have bought or sold nuclear weapons even though they are members of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT).

Ch.19 Sec 2 Quiz 1. Terrorism can be best defined asA) random attacks against innocent civilians.B) a type of warfare conducted under secrecy.C) the use of violence, especially against civilians, by groups of extremists to achieve political goals.D) the desire to overthrow government leaders through

the use of violence

2. What is the name of the Islamic fundamentalist group responsible for the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States?A) Islamic Jihad B) al QaedaC) Abu Sayyaf D) Jemaah Islamiah

Ch.19 Sec 2 Quiz 3. Which country did the United States invade in response to the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States?A) Iraq B) PakistanC) Saudi Arabia D) Afghanistan4. Which group was removed from power by the United States in 2001 because of their refusal to hand over the terrorists responsible for attacking the United States?A) PLO B) the TalibanC) the Saudi monarchy D) Iraqi Baathists5. Which two nations are suspected to have bought or sold nuclear weaponsA) Iraq and Iran B) Afghanistan and IraqC) China and Israel D)North Korea and Iran

9/11 History Channel Documentary

Part 1http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=M-B6c6xxXug

Part 2http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=-kVg9iaDdE0

Part 3http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=a-3ZOEXxdYg

Part 4http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=-eWq_7dnshA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=M-B6c6xxXug



http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=-kVg9iaDdE0



http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=a-3ZOEXxdYg



http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=-eWq_7dnshA



world history teacher: ron coleman grade: 10. california standards 10.1 students relate the moral...

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